Occurrence, distribution and severity of finger millet blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae in Kenya
April 2020
Finger millet is a food crop that provides nutritional security and is climatically resilient for farming and agricultural diversification. However, its quality and yield remain low due to biotic and abiotic factors, the greatest of which is blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. We surveyed the occurrence, distribution and severity of finger millet blast in five counties, namely, Busia, Bungoma, Kisii,...
Wild blackberry (Rubus spp.) differ in duration to reproductive phase under conventional production in Kenya
April 2020
The purpose of this study was to determine the duration from planting to reproductive phase, of wild blackberry (Rubus spp.) collected from the wild.It was carried out at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Farm, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya. The experimental layout wasa randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times; treatment was four wild blackberry species and one cultivated cultivar. The days...
Effects of chemical fertilizer types and rates on tuber yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) at Assosa, Western Ethiopia
April 2020
Potato tuber yield and quality is constrained by a number of biotic and abiotic factors, among which low soil fertility is the prime one. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of chemical fertilizer types and rates on tuber yield and quality of potato at Assosa, Western Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of control, three rates of NP combinations (55 kg N and 45 kg P2O5, 110 kg N and 90 kg P2O5,...
The effects of gypsum on pod-yield and pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in selected peanut cultivars of Zambia
March 2020
Good agricultural practices are an effective means of minimizing pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in peanuts. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of gypsum on pod yield and aflatoxin contamination in three peanut cultivars (Kadononga, MGV 4 and MGV 5) in Zambia. The experiment was conducted in Chongwe and Lusaka districts. Gypsum (15.6 % calcium) was applied at rates of 0 and 400 kg/ha at...
Heterosis and combining ability of highland adapted maize (Zea mays. L) DH lines for desirable agronomic traits
March 2020
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the cereals that provide calorie requirements in the majority of Ethiopians diet. The national average maize yield in Ethiopia is low and thus knowledge of combining ability and heterosis is a prerequisite to develop high yielding maize varieties. The objective of the present study is to estimate combining abilities of double haploid (DH) maize inbred lines for grain yield and related...
Sorption characteristics, growth and yield response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to application of essential nutrients on nitisol and vertisol of Central Highland of Ethiopia
March 2020
Wheat growth and yield response were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment using two major soils, Nitosols and Vertisols. Sorption capacities of the soils and crop response were employed to determine the availability of nutrients in the two soils. Eight fertilizer treatments (Optimum (Opt.),Optimum-N, Optimum-P,Optimum-K,Optimum-S,Optimum-B,Optimum-Zn and control) in Nitosols and six fertilizer treatments (Optimum,...
Modulation in growth and development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) microtubers by different concentration of 6-benzyl aminopurine
February 2020
Two potato varieties namely, kufri bahar and kufri surya were tested for in vitro tuberization response to a same culture medium supplemented with three levels of 6-benzly aminopurine (0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mg/L) in a completely randomized block design. The study was conducted in the Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Modipuram, Meerut Campus, and India during the period of 2012 to 2013 and 2013-2014. The objective...
Effects of severity of apical shoot harvest on growth and tuber yield of two sweet potatoes varieties
February 2020
Leaf harvesting of sweet potato during vegetative stage is common in most parts of Liberia. There is little information on the effects of severity of apical shoot harvesting on tuber yield of sweet potato. Experiments were conducted in 2017 at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta to determine the effects of severity of apical shoots harvest on growth and tuber yields. Experiment consisted of two varieties...
Expression of Cocculus hirsutus trypsin inhibitor promotes endogenous defensive response against Helicoverpa armigera and enhanced levels of antioxidants
February 2020
Proteinase inhibitors are a group of defense related proteins, natural antagonists of proteinases, induced upon herbivory, play a defensive role against polyphagous insects and phytopathogens. Serine proteinase inhibitor isolated from Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels, Cocculus hirsutus trypsin inhibtor (ChTI) was found effective as antifungal, bactericidal and nematicidal agent. Tomato plants expressing ChTI have been...
Evaluation of the relative feed value of indigenous savanna forage shrub species in Ghana
February 2020
Animal performance mainly depends on the quantity and quality of forage available as feed and animal feed represents one of the major costs in animal production. This research was conducted in the Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment Experimental Field at University for Development Studies, Nyankpala Campus to evaluate the relative feed value of four indigenous savanna forage shrubs. These shrubs were cultivated...
Morphological traits associated with anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) resistance in selected common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes
February 2020
Common bean is among the most important legume crop for protein source in people’s diet globally and including Kenya. Anthracnose is a common disease of legumes that causes yield loss of up to 90-100%. The aim of the study is to investigate the morphological traits associated with anthracnose resistance in selected common bean genotypes in Kenya. The study was done in three varied agro-ecological zones; University...
Application technology of imidacloprid in wheat: Effects on Schizaphis graminum management and natural enemies
January 2020
Wheat production is dependent on costly insecticides that generate social and environmental issues. The growing demand for a rate reduction of spray applications and increased spray efficiency make essential the research for more adequate crop management. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate technologies of imidacloprid application on wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum and its natural enemies, Chrysoperla externa and...
Grain morphological characterization and protein content of sixty-eight local rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars from Cameroon
January 2020
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in Cameroon is appreciated by consumers for its nutritive quality and good taste. Diversity of 68 local rice cultivars was investigated via grain morphology and protein content characterization. The size and shape of grains were determined and used with yield parameters to classify the cultivars and perform Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Total protein content and glutelin content...
Influence of soil conservation practices on soil moisture and maize crop (Zea mays L.) productivity in Centre Benin
January 2020
Soil quality constitutes a major factor for crops growth. This study aimed at determining the sustainable soil conservation practices that would increase maize growth as well as production and improve the soil moisture. Two experimental sites were chosen: Dan localized on Acrisol and Za- zounmè localized on ferralsol. Two cropping seasons were investigated: the long rain seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experimental...
Bioregulator and foliar calcium supplementation in soya (Glycine max L.)
January 2020
Flower and pod abortions in large quantities are commonly observed in soybean plants. In normal conditions of crop cultivation, flower abortion is commonly above 60%. Among the strategies that may promote great flower and pod set in soybean, there is the use of plant growth regulators and foliar applications of calcium. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of plant growth regulator and the...
In vitro seed germination and seedling growth of the orchid Dendrobium primulinum Lindl.
December 2019
Dendrobium primulinum Lindl. (D. Primulinum L.) is one of the important epiphytic orchid species for horticultural and commercial use. It is listed as a rare and critically endangered species of orchid. The present study is intended to conserve the orchid species through the micropropagation technique. The in vitro seed germination and seedling growth was carried out by taking a mature pod of D. Primulinum L. in...
An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in chiro district, West Hararghe, Ethiopia
November 2019
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants is inadequate in Ethiopia in general, and in Chiro District in particular. Therefore, this study documents medicinal plant utilization, management and the threats encountered on them. The study was conducted from April 2017 to June 2018. Forty eight informants were purposively selected. Socio-economic and botanical data were gathered using group discussions, semi-structured...
Morphological characterization of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) genetic resources in Kenya
November 2019
The variation of morphological and physiological traits of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) is vital for successful breeding of the fruit crop. The objective of this study was to characterize blackberry accessions in-situ using morphological descriptors in Kenya. Each blackberry accession was nested within its county of collection. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed using the Gower’s coefficient...
Effects and economically feasible rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production for rainy season
October 2019
Potato is very important food and cash crop in Ethiopia. However, a factor like poor soil fertility is a critical challenge of its productivity. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are first and second essential macro-elements and are limiting nutrient in potato production. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to assess response of N and P fertilizers and select economically feasible fertilizer rate for a rainy...
Effects of rooting media and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration on rooting and shoot development of Duranta erecta tip cuttings
October 2019
Duranta erecta is popularly grown as an ornamental plant in tropical and semi-tropical gardens. Current demands for the shrub have prompted the need for effective propagation methods. In this study, the influence of indole-3butyric acid (IBA) hormone concentration and media on rooting of D. erecta propagated from tip cuttings under greenhouse conditions were investigated. IBA hormone was used in three concentrations...
Plant disease forecast and modern dynamism in black pod disease management in Nigeria
October 2019
Black pod disease (BPD) is reputed for its regular occurrence in Africa and around the world with high propensity for massive destruction of cocoa pods in the field and total yield loss per season if proper management strategies are not applied. This research was designed to provide useful and timely information on BPD outbreak, its intensity and specific areas expected to be massively affected by the disease in...
Association and path coefficient analysis among grain yield and related traits in Ethiopian maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines
September 2019
Twenty four inbred lines developed by the Ethiopian National Maize Breeding Program were evaluated at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during the main season of the year 2016 in an 8 X 3 Alpha Lattice (0, 1) design with three replications. The objective was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic association among traits in Ethiopian maize inbred lines and to compare the direct and indirect effects of traits on...
Impact of quarries emissions on the leaf morpho-anatomy of three olive (Olea europea L) cultivars grown in Palestine
September 2019
To investigate the effects of quarries emissions on the leaf morpho-anatomy of Romi, Nabali and K18 olive cultivars in Taffouh village (Palestine), one set of olive cultivars of two-years old was cultivated close to quarries while the control set was cultivated almost 4 km from quarries. The morphology of six month-old leaves was examined. Leaf segments were fixed in compound fixative of formaldehyde, acetic acid and...
Homegarden plants in Legambo District (Chiro Kebele) South Wollo, Ethiopia: Future implication for food security and rehabilitation program
September 2019
Homegarden is a traditional farming practice that consists of growing adaptable landraces and endangered species which have been conserved. Previously, status of the homegarden has not been studied. Therefore, this study provided information about homegarden species composition, status and value of species for future food and rehabilitation program. The study was conducted in Chiro kebele, South Wollo of Ethiopia during...
Identification and control of post-harvest rot of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) in Hong, Adamawa State
September 2019
Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo) are grown all around the world for a variety of reasons ranging from agricultural purposes to commercial and ornamental sales. The pathogens causing the rot of pumpkin in the world include fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Three hundred and sixty-six (366) fruits of pumpkins were studied in Pela, Gaya and Kulinyi districts of Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The diseased samples...
Response of chickpea varieties and sowing dates for the management of chickpea ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Disease at West Belesa District, Ethiopia
August 2019
A two year experiment was conducted at Ascochyta rabiei sick plot infested West Belesa District to evaluate potential chickpea varieties and sowing date for the management of Ascochyta blight. Five varieties namely, Dhera, Habru, Ejeri, Chefe, Teje; and three sowing dates at 10-day intervals (15th July (early), 25th July (optimum) and 5th August (late) were used as treatments. Treatments were arranged in split plot...
Correlation and path analysis of yield, yield contributing and malt quality traits of Ethiopian sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes
August 2019
Sorghum is a drought tolerant C4 tropical crop with wide diversity grown for food, feed and beverages. There is a growing demand for food and malt type sorghum varieties due to the low supply of mat barley, and climate resilient and gluten free nature of the crop. This study was initiated to estimate the associations among traits and the relative importance of traits in influencing grain yield and malting quality of...
Evaluation of sowing date and fertilization with nitrogen in maize cultivars in rainy conditions in Zambia
August 2019
A study was conducted at the Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI), Central Research Station, Mount Makulu (latitude: 15.550° S, longitude: 28.250° E, altitude: 1213 m), Zambia to investigate the effects of sowing date (SD), maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars and 3 N fertilizer rates on yield and yield components. Maize cultivars were planted on 12th December, 2016 (SD1), 26th December, 2016 (SD2) and 9th...
Anatomical adaptations in species of Poaceae growing in Al-Ha'ir region of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
July 2019
The aim of this work was to determine the anatomical adaptations of leaves and stems of four species of Poaceae (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers., Chloris barbata SW. (Chloridoideae), Setaria verticillata L. P. Beauv., and Panicum coloratum L. (Panicoideae)) growing naturally at Al-Ha'ir region near Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cross-sections of the leaves revealed that the epidermis cells were spherical to oval and formed one...
Influence of GA3 on seed multiplication of CMS lines used for hybrid rice development
July 2019
In Pakistan, the F1 seed production ranks very low in the three-line system. One of the reasons is poor panicle exertion and less out crossing rate in the female lines. Gibbrillic Acid (GA3) increase the seed and improve panicle exertion as well as outcrossing. This study was designed to identify the suitable doses of GA3 application in the seed multiplication block of different CMS lines. The material comprising both...
Testing vertical distance and growth medium for vertically farming bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in urban agriculture
July 2019
Vertical farming implies growing crops in superimposed growth beds. This study assessed the effects of vertical distance between growth beds and growth medium on beans and tomatoes. Three levels of vertical spacing and three levels of growth medium were studied in a split plot design and three replicates. The vertical distance was tested in main plots while the growth medium was tested in sub-plots. The main plot was a...
Genetic diversity, variability and characterization of the agro-morphological traits of Northern Ghana Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. altissima) accessions
June 2019
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. altissima), a bast fibre crop adapted to the warm climate of Northern Ghana, offers a great economic potential not yet explored for lack of information on its distribution, collection, and genetic diversity. Little variability is reported in exotic genotypes to merit trait improvement. The objective of this study is to investigate distribution and diversity in roselle of Northern Ghana....
Determination of concentration of heavy metals in ginger using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy
June 2019
Concentrations of four heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb) in two ginger varieties were determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) with wet acidic digestion methods. Results showed that the concentration of zinc is 0.86 to 1.17 mg/kg in Hargama and 0.63 to 0.87 mg/kg in Bolbo varieties. The concentration of nickel for Hargama and Bolbo are 0.15 to 0.18 and 0.17 to 0.21 mg/kg, respectively. Zinc...
Adaptability and yield stability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties studied using GGE-biplot analysis in the highland environments of South-western Ethiopia
June 2019
The objectives of this study were to evaluate released Ethiopian bread wheat varieties for yield stability using the GGE biplot method and identify well adapted and high-yielding genotypes for the highland environments of South-western Ethiopia. Twenty five varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Dedo and Gomma during the main cropping season of 2016 and at Dedo,...
Association and variation on boll and seed morphology among hybrids between linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and Linum bienne Mill. and their parents
June 2019
Linseed is the only cultivated species from the genus Linum and selection is the most frequently used method to develop varieties from the crop resulting in the reduction of the genetic diversity. Linum bienne Mill. is genetically more diverse than linseed and produces fertile hybrids with linseed. The author aimed for the development of hybrids with new combinations of genes useful for variety development programme....
Combining ability of highland adapted maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for grain yield and yield related traits under optimum and low nitrogen conditions
May 2019
Maize is staple cereal crop in Ethiopia despite the fact that its production is constrained by nitrogen deficiency due to the high cost of fertilizer, and risks of drought. Therefore, development of maize varieties for low nitrogen might be one of the options to overcome the problem. The objective of this study was to estimate combining ability of highland maize inbred lines for yield and yield related traits under low...
Control of some Penicillium and Aspergillus rots of Discorea alata Poir and Discorea rotundata L. using extracts of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal.) Linn. and Syzygium aromaticum (Linn.) Merr.
May 2019
The antimicrobial activities of Xylopia aethiopica and Syzygium aromaticum extracts on fungi associated with rotting white and water yam was investigated. Diseased and healthy yam species of Dioscorea spp. were obtained from some markets. Fungal isolation was done from the samples using standard procedures. Leaves and fruits of X. aethiopica and S. aromaticum were obtained from the botanical garden, University of...
Nutrient and antinutrient constituents in seeds of Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Harms
April 2019
Nutrient and antinutrient constituents in seeds of Sphenostylis stenocarpa were determined. The proximate composition revealed that S. stenocarpa seed contains 12.44% moisture, 18.55% protein, 2.41% lipid, 2.93% ash, 1.95% fibre, 74.16% carbohydrate and 392.50 kcal caloric value. The antinutrients analysis showed that the seed contains 15.25 mg/100 g hydrocyanide, 144.14 mg/100 g tannins, 1.01 mg/100 g phytate and 61.60...
Taxonomic significance of the vegetative anatomy of members of genera Colocasia (L.) Schott and Xanthosoma (L.) Schott in the family Araceae
April 2019
Anatomical attributes are important for taxonomic studies of plants. This study investigated foliar and petiole anatomy of some members of the genera Colocasia and Xanthosoma. Similar and diagnostic characters critical for the taxonomy of the two genera were identified. The similar characters include, polygonal epidermal cell shape, straight adaxial anticlinal wall pattern, brachyparacytic stomata type, elliptic...
Agro-physiological responses of okra genotypes cultivated under water deficit conditions
April 2019
Water is a scarce resource, and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is grown in wet and dry seasons. For its dry season cultivation, alternative water sources are used for watering, but these sources are not sustainable in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to determine water deficit effect on okra’s behavior. Five genotypes of okra were subjected to three water regimes: (i) T1, watering at 100% of soil...
Evaluation of triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittmack) genotypes for adult plant resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici)
March 2019
Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is one of the three rust diseases that infect triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittmack). Twenty-six triticale genotypes were evaluated for adult plant resistance (APR) to stem rust (Sr) infection in the greenhouse in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). R-TR (resistant –trace or minimal uredinia) reactions were observed on 6 genotypes EUT046, EUT59, EUT090, EUT093,...
Predicting aflatoxin content in peanuts using ambient temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture content during pod development
March 2019
Higher than acceptable aflatoxin levels in peanut kernels (Arachis hypogaea L.) and related products is a worldwide food safety concern. Strict regulatory standards by major importers of peanuts limit the marketability of peanuts for many developing tropical countries including Zambia. The incidence of pre-harvest aflatoxins is strongly linked to soil and weather conditions during pod-development. This study aimed to...
Influence of combined application of P fertilizer and lime on Mucuna flagellipes nodulation, growth and yield
March 2019
Field studies were carried out in the Teaching and Research farm of Cross River University of Technology, Obubra, Nigeria in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons to determine the effects of lime and phosphorus on the nodulation of Mucuna flagellipes. The experimental design was a 3 × 4 factorial of three lime rates: 0, 1 and 2 t CaCO3/ha and four P rates: 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P/ha laid out in a randomized complete block...
Correlations and path Analysis of some quantitative characters in barley (Hordeum vulgareum L.) landraces in western Oromia, Ethiopia
February 2019
Barley is recognized as one of the oldest cereal crop in Ethiopia grown for various uses. The knowledge of the association between various yield components and yield is paramount important for effective selection in crop improvement. The present study was to determine the interrelationship and direct and indirect effects of yield component traits on grain yield of Ethiopian landraces barley for further...
Genetic variability studies of some quantitative traits in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata l. [walp]) under water stress
February 2019
This research was conducted to study genetic variability of some quantitative traits in varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. [Walp.]) under water stressed in Zaria Sudan Savannah, Nigeria. Seven varieties of cowpea (Sampea 1, Sampea 2, IAR1074, Sampea 7, Sampea 8, Sampea 10 and Sampea 12) collected from Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, Zaria, were screened for tolerance to water stress. The seeds were...
Family Neuradaceae J. G. Agardh in Saudi Arabia
February 2019
Morphological characters, seed coat sculpturing (SEM) of seed, leaf, pollen grains and also a key aspects were revisited to revise relationships between dissimilar taxa of the genus Neurada in Saudi Arabia. The present revision shows the occurrence of three distinctive varieties (var. procambens, var. al-eisawii and var. stellate); the last two varieties considered a new registration in Flora of Saudi...
Growth, yield component and yield response of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. Durum) to blended NPS fertilizer supplemented with N rates at Arsi Negelle, Central Ethiopia
January 2019
Proper type and amount of fertilizer application is the major factor that affects yield and yield components of durum wheat. Hence, field experiment was carried out on farmer’s field to determine the effect of blended NPS fertilizer (19% Nitrogen, 38% P2O5 and 7% Sulfur) in combination with nitrogen on growth, yield components, and yield of durum wheat. Factorial combinations of three blended NPS levels (100, 150,...
Traits association and path coefficient analysis of yield and related traits in rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in North Western Ethiopia
January 2019
The current study was conducted to assess the trait association and path analyses in thirty-six rain fed lowland rice genotypes at two locations. The aim of this present study was to estimate the extent of association between pairs of characters at phenotypic and genotypic levels and thereby compare the direct and indirect effects of the characters. The field experiment was laid out in 6x6 simple lattice design with two...
Effect of genotype and environment on grain quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) lines evaluated in Kenya
December 2018
Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has a great potential for use as food and beverage in developing countries. However, information regarding the effect of the agro-ecological environments on the grain quality attributes of selected sorghum lines desirable for malting and brewing and for baking in Kenya, is lacking. The experiments of this study were conducted at different environmental locations in Kisumu, Siaya and Busia...
Review on effect of population density and tuber size on yield components and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
December 2018
Population density and seed tuber is an important agronomic management practices in the production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). However, potato farmers in Ethiopia often use random population density and tuber sizes, which contribute to the low yield of the crop. Thus the objective of this study is to review effect of population density and tuber size on yield components and yield of potato. The result of this...
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