The value of Vitellaria fruit pulp beyond energy and heat generation
March 2023
The shea nut pulp (SNP) has been used minimally for energy and heat generation. There is increased generation of SNP as waste during the processing of the shea nut fruit (SNF) to butter. Although the pulp is sweet and eaten by human and birds, there is paucity of information on the composition and potential uses of the SNP. This study investigated Vitellaria fruit pulp for their total solids and biochemical components....
Gene regulating effects of Cymbopogon citratus on glucose metabolism of normal albino rats
December 2022
Cymbopogon citratus has been reported to have hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activities. This study evaluates the insulinotropic properties of C. citratus via gene expression. C. citratus was administered to normal rats as pulverized leaves (2, 10 and 30%) mixed with animal feed for one week; as aqueous and ethanol extracts at a dosage of 30 and 100 mg/kg body weight for 30 days; and as isolated saponins, flavonoids and...
FRET as a tool for the studies of structural changes in full-length bacterial phytochrome, Agp1
July 2022
Bacteriophytochromes (BphPs) are light-regulated biliprotein photoreceptors widely occurring in bacteria. BphPs exists in two spectral distinct states: the red-light absorbing state (Pr) and the far-red light-absorbing state (Pfr). BphPs are composed of an N-terminal photosensory core module and a light-controlled C-terminal histidine kinase module. The detailed mechanism on how photoconversion, initiated by a...
Root and hypocotyl growth of Arabidopsis seedlings grown under different light conditions and influence of TOR kinase inhibitor AZD
July 2022
We set up six light conditions to investigate the changes in the development of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls and roots. Seedlings grown for 96 h under darkness were scored with shorter roots and longer hypocotyls. In shoot-shaded conditions, seedlings were unable to carry out photosynthesis, resulting in insufficient stored nutrients for root development. In the three groups of different light intensities applied to...
Yeasts from a traditional ferment “Rabilé”: Molecular and physiological characterization
February 2022
“Rabilé” is a popular traditional ferment in Burkina Faso, consisting mainly of yeasts. It is used as a food supplement or additive like Single Cell Protein (SCP). The present work focused on identifying yeast microbiota in local food, and studying their growth kinetic parameters. “Rabilé” sampling from the 13 regions of Burkina Faso was used to isolate yeast strains. Molecular...
Rilpivirine and Etravirine resistance among HIV-1 infected patients failing first generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in Busia, Western Kenya
October 2021
Rilpivirine (RPV) and Etravirine (ETR) are second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) that are not used for HIV-1 treatment in Kenya. In this cross-sectional study, we sequenced and analyzed the reverse transcriptase and pol regions of HIV-1 genome from 140 HIV infected individuals from Busia County Referral Hospital, Western Kenya, who were on anti-HIV treatment with confirmed virologic...
Genetic diversity of Fusarium endophytes strains from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) tissues in Burkina Faso
May 2021
The diversity and genetic differentiation of populations of Fusarium species associated with sorghum fields, both endophytes obtained from sorghum performing and non performing plants and isolates obtained from two sampling periods were investigated. Fusarium specific Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (FITS2) primers set were used to assess genetic variability of 32 isolates from susceptible Fusarium spp. endophytes from...
First detection of the BES-type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase produced by Enterobacteria at Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
August 2019
Several studies have been reported on the blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes in Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteria, however very few studies reported in the literature are related to blaBES in ESBL producing Enterobacteria. This study concerns the molecular epidemiology of the blaBES gene in Enterobacteria identified from in-patients and out-patients at Saint Camille hospital of...
Isolation, production and characterization of amylase enzyme using the isolate Aspergillus niger FAB-211
March 2018
Amylase enzymes are industrially important enzymes used in food, sugar, textile, pharmaceutical, paper and detergent industries. The main objective of this study was to isolate, produce and optimize α-amylase enzyme using a fungal strain isolated from fruit peel soil wastes. Media optimization was done by one-factor at a time method. Average values of duplicate experiments were taken. Microsoft office Excel...
Postharvest quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) varieties grown under greenhouse and open field conditions
January 2018
An experiment was carried out to evaluate performances of four tomato varieties (Bishola, Eshet, Marglobe and Moneymaker) harvested at ripe stage from greenhouse and open field condition at Jimma for post-harvest quality characters (total soluble solid, weight loss, titratable acidity, sugar-acid ratio, and pH). Bishola and Eshet had better chemical quality characteristics maintained throughout the end of the storage...
Selection and optimization of lignocellulosic substrate for laccase production from Pleurotus species
November 2017
The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential of Pleurotus species for laccase production on different lignocellulosic substrates and determine the optimal levels of physicochemical conditions required for the production. The study was conducted in National Agricultural Biotechnological Research Center, Holetta. The fruiting bodies of fungi were collected based on their morphology and inoculated on...
Genotype by environment interactions and grain yield stability of released and advanced Desi type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes in western Ethiopia
October 2017
Genotype by environment interaction (G×E) obstructs breeding by persuading variations in genotype performance in different environments and thereby complicating selection. The aim of the present study was to determine the stability and yield performance of desi type chickpea varieties and advanced lines at multiple growing environments of western Ethiopia, using genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot...
Evaluation of two Portuguese strains of Botryococcus braunii as biofuel feedstock
September 2017
ACOI 58 and ACOI 1257, two different Portuguese strains of colonial green microalga Botryococcus bruanii Kutz obtained from Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), were evaluated on their potential for biofuel production, which was assessed from batch culture in photobioreactors under indoors and outdoors conditions using pretreated waste water and semisynthetic culture media. In the experiments, the maximum specific growth...
Callus growth and ion composition in response to long-term NaCl-induced stress in two sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) cultivars
June 2017
In this work, the effect of different concentrations of NaCl on calli induced from two sugarcane cultivars NCo310 and CP59-73 was studied. Growth and ion concentrations (Na+, Cl-, K+ and Ca2+) of calli were determined after 1, 2 and 3 months of stress with the objective to understand the cellular mechanisms operating in salt stress tolerance and to determine the implication of inorganic fraction in salt tolerance in...
Studies on various types of antigenic proteins of Fasciola spp. as a basis for the immunodiagnosis and vaccine development: A review
October 2016
Fasciola spp. is responsible for huge economic losses and animal welfare issues within the agricultural sector worldwide. Protein profiling studies of the two economically important species of Fasciola, that is, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are important for identification of these species, their immunodiagnosis and also for vaccine designing. Protein profiling is expected to discover a number of target...
Efficient somatic embryogenesis of Jatropha curcas L. from petiole and leaf discs
September 2016
Jatropha curcas L. is peculiar treasured tree species for its uses and considerable economic potential as a biofuel plant. Propagation using seeds is limited by low viability and germination hence unable to provide high quality planting material for sustainable use. To achieve mass production of J. curcas, regeneration from leaf discs and petioles using different treatments of plant growth regulators (PGRs) including 6-...
Shoot nodal culture and virus indexing of selected local and improved genotypes of cassava (Manihot esculenta) from Sierra Leone
June 2016
Cassava (Manihotes culenta Crantz) is among major food and income security crops in sub-Saharan Africa. However, high seed dormancy and delayed germination limit seed propagation. Using traditional stem cutting causes loss of superior genotypes and decreases productivity as a result of low multiplication ratio (1:10) and viral and bacterial diseases.Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize and screen efficient in...
Effect of the initial pH on the performance characteristics of the deproteinization process of galactose supplemented shrimp shells by Aspergillus niger in a solid state drum bioreactor
January 2016
The aim of the research was to study the effect of adjusting the initial pH of shrimp shell (8.64 vs. 7.00) on the ability of the fungus Aspergillus niger to carry out deproteinization process of galactose supplemented shrimp shells and to investigate the performance characteristics of the deproteinization process. The results showed that the initial pH of the shells has a significant effect on the temperature, carbon...
Characterization of gamma-irradiated seeds of a wild Namibian marama bean (Tylosema esculentum) with microsatellite markers
December 2015
Legumes have been used as food by indigenous people of Africa yet their full potential as food sources has not been completely realized. With modern technologies such as marker-assisted selection and mutational breeding, there is scope for rapid improvement of germplasm in these underutilized species. One approach is to induce genetic mutations through irradiation of plant tissues with neutrons or gamma rays generating...
In vitro propagation of two elite cooking banana cultivars- FHIA 17 and INJAGI
November 2015
Explants of two elite cooking banana cultivars, FHIA17 and INJAGI were collected from healthy source of stock plants growing in the field. Sterilization was evaluated using different concentrations (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%) of a commercial bleach (JIK) for 25 min. Effects of cytokinins benzyl amino purine (BAP), 2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP) and kinetin each evaluated at 5, 10, 20, 24 and 40 µM and thidiazuron (TDZ)...
RNA Interference – A fine tuner of gene regulation: a Review
June 2015
The discovery of RNA interference by Fire and Mello has opened up a new arena for research in molecular biology. The interfering RNAs (iRNAs) are 21-23 nucleotide RNA duplexes, which have the ability to reduce or abolish gene activity, and this property is being used in reverse genetics. Dicer and RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) play important role in mechanism of RNA interference. The specificity, efficiency and...
Induction and regeneration of somatic embryos from Vitex doniana (Lamiaceae) leaf explants
May 2015
The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating some of the factors that influence induction and regeneration of somatic embryos in Vitex doniana since there are no available reports on tissue culture of this tree species. Leaves from plants growing under temporary shed were cultured on Murashige and Skoog supplemented with silver nitrate and four amino acids (proline, tryptophan, lysine and leucine) at...
Production, purification and characterization of a thermostable alkaline serine protease from Bacillus lichniformis NMS-1
March 2015
Alkaline proteases are used in food industry, leather tanning and processing industry, preparation of pharmaceuticals and also in the fiber industry. An alkaline serine protease producing strain was isolated using soil sample from a natural hot water spring in Sri Lanka. It was identified based on morphological, biochemical and 16s rRNA identifications as Bacillus licheniformis NMS-1. The extacellular protease enzyme...
Genetic diversity of sesame germplasm collection (SESAMUM INDICUM L.): implication for conservation, improvement and use
February 2015
Genetic diversity assessment of genetic resources maintained at Gene-Banks has important implication for future improvement, conservation and collection activities. However, such information is not available for sesame collected by IBC, Ethiopia. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker was used to assess the level of genetic diversity, genetic structure and genetic distance, and to indirectly estimate the level of...
A new method for the detection of oil degrading genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on transformation and PCR hybridization
January 2015
Biodegradation is the chemical breakdown of materials by a physiological environment. The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management and environmental remediation. A specific gene from bacteria is identified and sequenced which has the capacity of oil degradation without any obvious strain specific discrimination using a combination of PCR and hybridization. The parameters of biodegradation that is...
Molecular identification of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from fermenting cereals
December 2014
The identification of a microbial isolate to genus level only amounts to a partial characterization of the isolate, but this can tell us a lot about that organism. Knowing the species allows the laboratory access to the body of knowledge that exists on that species. Identification schemes using phenotypic characteristics such as colony and cell morphology, Gram reaction and other staining characteristics, nutritional...
Molecular characterization of resistance to Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line KRWA9
December 2014
The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) causes extensive economic damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in most wheat growing regions of the world. Control of RWA using systemic insecticides is expensive and pollutes the environment therefore the most effective method of RWA control is the development of RWA resistant cultivars. This study was initiated to determine inheritance of RWA resistance in a...
Assessment of different samples for molecular diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
August 2014
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is an important clinical problem particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess two different samples (blood and fluid) for the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (abdominal tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis). The study subjects were recruited from WadMedani Teaching Hospital during 2009-2013. Seventy five ascetic fluid and blood samples were...
Use of the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique to analyse the Anthocyanidin Synthase (ANS) gene Locus in Zimbabwean sorghum landraces with different seed proanthocyanidin profiles
August 2014
Studies on the effects of mutations within flavonoid pathway genes on the resultant flavonoid profiles in sorghum are important in the identification and characterisation of varieties with nutritionally superior flavonoid profiles. In this study, we aimed at determining the effect of mutations at one important flavonoid pathway locus, the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene, on grain flavonoid profile in sorghum. Sequence...
Effect of common feed enzymes on nutrient utilization of monogastric animals
July 2014
Some nutrients in livestock feed may not be fully digested by animals own digestive enzymes, and hence important nutrients are unavailable to the animal. Although, supplementation of enzymes to farm animals has shown to increase the digestibility of poorly digested diets to a much greater extent. By targeting specific anti-nutrients in certain feed ingredients, feed enzymes allow especially pigs and poultry to extract...
Biotechnological production of α-amylases for industrial purposes: Do fungi have potential to produce α-amylases?
July 2014
Enzymes are substances produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. Amylases are a class of hydrolytic enzymes, widely spread in nature having varied application in different industrial processes and constitute a class of industrial enzymes. Fungal amylases have been widely used for the preparation of oriental foods. In spite of the wide distribution of amylases...
Anthology of historical development and some research progress glimpses on phytochemical antioxidants phenomenon
June 2014
The inevitability of applications of antioxidants in protection of human and preservation of dormant living systems such as food, drugs, cosmetics and other allied chemicals against internal and external stresses have made antioxidants an area of active research world over. Study impact of antioxidant research has advanced from topic level to subject level as revealed by the volume of antioxidants research publications....
Effect of humic acid application on accumulation of mineral nutrition and pungency in garlic (Allium sativum L.)
May 2014
Humic acid promote the conservation of mineral nutritions and as well as stimulate the pungency usually being more prominent in the cloves of garlic bulb. The effect of humic acid application on accumulation of mineral nutritions and pungency in garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. ‘Gangajali’ was studied. Here, we observed that the maximum concentration of Ca, Fe and S were shown when plants were treated with 400...
In vitro effects of gibberellic acid and sucrose concentration on micropropagation of two elite sweet potato cultivars in Rwanda
April 2014
The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and sucrose on in vitro propagation of two elite sweet potato cultivars (Ukerewe and Gihingamukungu). Nodal explants from in vitro growing plantlets were harvested and cultured on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μM, GA3. In a separate experiment, sucrose was evaluated at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 mM....
Influence of preservative solutions on vase life and postharvest characteristics of rose (Rosa hybrid) cut flowers
December 2013
The experiment was carried out to asses the influence of five preservative solutions (aluminium + ethanol, aluminium + sucrose, ethnol + sucrose, aluminium + ethanol + sucrose and water) and two rose cultivars (‘Red Sky’ and ‘Blizzard’). The scope of the study was to identify the best combination of preservative solutions on rose cultivars. The treatments were arranged in factorial combination in...
Genetic variation of 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) loci from unrelated individuals in Iraq
December 2013
Analysis of 17 Y chromosomal STR loci in a population sample of 400 unrelated male living in the middle and south of Iraq was done to evaluate allele frequencies and gene diversity for each Y-STR locus of the Y filer™ PCR amplification kit. The seventeen loci include DYS635, DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, YGATA H4, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS19, DYS391, DYS438, DYS390, DYS439, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a and DYS385b....
Effects of harvesting stage and storage duration on postharvest quality and shelf life of sweet bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties under passive refrigeration system
November 2013
A laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the effects of harvesting stages (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% fruit colourations) and storage durations (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) on physicochemical quality and shelf life of sweet pepper varieties (Telmo-Red and Velez-Yellow) under passive refrigeration system (PRS). The aim of the study was to identify the optimum stage of maturity at harvest and storage period under PRS...
Diversity analysis of sugarcane genotypes by microsatellite (SSR) markers
November 2013
Thirty (30) simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs chosen randomly from the SSR primer collection were used to detect polymorphism in 17 sugarcane accessions. A total of 62 DNA fragments were generated by the 30 primers with an average of about 2.14 bands per primer. Bands that a primer yielded in the study ranged from 1 to 4. The genetic distances for SSR data using 17 sugarcane accessions, was constructed based on...
A quick bud breaking response of a surface model for rapid clonal propagation in Centella asiatica (L.)
October 2013
Present investigation was planned to evaluate time period of bud breaking in Centella asiatica with different concentration of plant growth regulators, a medicinal herb distributed throughout the worldwide. For the study, concentrations were designed for response surface model describing bud breaking growth in optimum conditions. A combination of BAP (2 mg/L) + gibberellic acid (GA3, 0.5 mg/L) was...
Micropropagation of the Indian Birthwort Arsitolochia indica L.
October 2013
Aristolochia indica L. is a medicinal woody perennial climber plant of immense pharmaceutical value. The species is endangered with possible extinction due to its indiscriminate harvesting as raw material for pharmaceutical industry, to manufacture drugs against cholera, inflammation, biliousness, dry cough and snake bite. A rigorous attempt has been made for development of in vitro propagation...
Molecular characterisation of two cichlids populations (Tilapia guineensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron) from different water bodies in Lagos State, Nigeria
September 2013
This study used random amplified polymerase DNA technique (RAPD) to characterize two populations of cichlids species Tilapia guineensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron from selected two water bodies in Lagos using molecular approach. Ten samples of each S. melanotheron and T. guineensis with standard length value ranging between 8.4 and 17.2 cm and their...
Micropropagation of Litsea glutinosa (Lour) C.B
September 2013
Litsea glutinosa (Lour) C.B (Hindi: Maida lakri) is a medicinal plant of immense pharmaceutical value. The species is critically endangered due to its indiscriminate collection as raw material for pharmaceutical industry, where it is used for manufacturing drugs for pain, arousing sexual power and in treatment of diarrhea and dysentery etc. An attempt has been made for development of in vitro...
Cell growth curves for different cell lines and their relationship with biological activities
August 2013
The cellular-growth curves for distinct cell lines (tumor and non-tumor) were established, evaluating the population of doubling time (DT) and maximum growth rate (µmax). These curves define the growth characteristics for each cell line; they allow determination of the best time range for evaluating the effects of some biological compounds. Subsequently, the biological activities of three ethanolic...
Beta glucuronidase activity in early stages of rice seedlings and callus: A comparison with Escherichia coli beta glucuronidase expressed in the transgenic rice
August 2013
We have chosen rice as a model crop to ascertain endogenous β-glucuronidase (family 79) activity and to differentiate the same from Escherichia coli based β-glucuronidase (family-2). The investigation dwells on characterizing endogenous β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity during the early stages of seed germination and from rice callus. Also, similar studies were made from homozygous transgenic...
Use of SSR markers for genetic diversity studies in mulberry accessions grown in Kenya
June 2013
The knowledge and understanding of the extent of genetic variation of mulberry germplasm is important for conservation and improvement. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity between and within two mulberry species widely grown in Kenya which include Morus alba and Morus indica. Five individuals per species were genotyped with 13 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The SSR markers...
Assessment of antifungal effect of omeprazole on Candida Albicans
June 2013
The goal of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of omeprazole on Candida albicans and analyze the antifungal activity of omeprazole. A total of 150 samples were collected from the patients in Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital and samples were evaluated for C. albicans. After the microbiological analyses, fifty one patients (18 men and 33...
Influence of biofertilizer on essential oil, harvest index and productivity effort of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)
May 2013
In order to investigate the effects of biofertilizer on essential oil harvest index and productivity effort of black cumin (Nigella sativa L), an experiment was conducted during the growing season of 2010 at Iran. The experimental design was factorial on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications. Certain factors including four levels of animal manure (0, 10, 20 and 30 ton/ha, respectively)...
Large scale recovery of tetanus toxin and toxoid from fermentation broth by microporous tangential flow filtration
May 2013
The commercial production of purified tetanus toxoid mainly depends on the effective separation of the bacterial toxin and toxoid from large volumes of fermentation broth of Clostridium tetani (Harvard 49205) vaccine strain. Tangential flow or cross-flow filtration system was used as rapid drive in the processing of immunobiological assays of tetanus toxin. Tetanus toxoid was prepared by detoxifying the...
Development of cost-effective media for the culture of Chilo partellus larvicide in Kenya
March 2013
Stem borers (Chilo partellus) are important field insect pests of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in Africa. They account for more than 30% yield losses depending on the composition of the pest community. C. partellus larvicide like Bacillus thuringiensis have been widely and effectively used in C. partelluscontrol programs, but the industrial production of...
Molecular cloning, expression, sequence analysis and in silico comparative mapping of trehalose 6-phosphate gene from Egyptian durum wheat
March 2013
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide which consists of two glucose units that functions as a compatible solute to stabilize the membrane structures under heat and desiccation stress. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6- phosphate phosphatase (TPP) are the key enzymes for trehalose biosynthesize in the plant kingdom. On the basis of bioinformatics prediction, fragment containing an open reading frame...
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