Determinants of Rural Households Resilience to Food Insecurity: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia.
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Food insecurity is one of the development challenges of developing countries in general and Ethiopia in particular. In addition, despite the colossal effort that has been made by Ethiopian government to reduce food insecurity, the number of food insecure people are still significant in Ethiopia compared to Saharan African countries. Though many studies assessed the level and determinants of food insecurity, evidences on...
Differential Vegetation Status of Okomu National Park and Okomu Forest Reserve, Edo State, Nigeria
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Okomu National Park and Okomu Forest Reserve were established to protect the rich flora and fauna resources. Studies at comparing the impact of these two approaches in conserving the rich flora and fauna resources have not been carried out on the study sites. This study is aimed at filling the knowledge gaps and assessed the differences in vegetation status of Okomu National Park and Okomu Forest Reserve. The purpose is to...
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An Experiment was carried out at Pulses Research Center, Ishurdi, Bangladesh for genetic divergence and variability estimate in nine field peas genotype. The trial was conducted randomly in complete block design with three replicas. Observations were recorded on different yield and yield contributing characters. All cultivars showed considerable differences in their performance, indicating the presence of extensive...
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This study sought to establish the influence of capacity building interventions on performance of hybrid sweet potato projects in Kenya: A case of Njoro Sub-County, Nakuru County. The study was grounded on Resource Dependency Theory and Diffusion of Innovations Theory. The philosophical underpinning of this study was pragmatism where a mixed method approach was used in a descriptive survey study design. The target...
Analysis of Sheep Value Chain in Central and Eastern Ethiopia
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The study was conducted to analyze sheep value chain in central and eastern Ethiopia. The objectives were to identify core functions, major market routes and to assess distribution of costs and margins. Purposive and simple random sampling was employed as a sampling technique to select 150 (75 mixed crop-livestock producers and 75 agro-pastoralists) respondents. The data collected through structured questionnaire and...
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This activity was conducted during the 2013 and 2014 main cropping season at Bule Hora District of West Guji Zone to improve farmers’ income, develop local capacity for future scaling up of potato technology and strengthen stakeholders linkage and collaboration in the study area. A total of fourty (40) farmers in the district were participated for the activity. A multidisciplinary team composed of breeder, pathologist,...
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The quality of the Yamoussoukro lakes and the risks of bacteriological contamination of the surrounding vegetables were assessed by studying thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli, indicators of pollution. Sampling was carried out on five (5) lakes during two dry seasons and two rainy seasons of the years 2015 to 2016 and 2016 to 2017. The bacteriological results revealed very high bacterial loads compared to...
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Tef is one of the most important staple food crop cultivated throughout the country. Twenty (20) Tef varieties (including local check) were brought from Debre Zeit Agricultural Research center and planted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Wulbareg and Dalocha woreda for two consecutive years. The study used Plots size 2mx2m with 1.5m, 1m distances b/n blocks and plots, respectively. ...
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Fusarium wilt can cause severe losses in many vegetables and flowers, field crops and plantation crops. The main method for control of Fusarium wilt is through chemical methods which have a disadvantage of polluting the environment and are expensive. Thus, there is a need for more environmentally friendly and cheaper techniques for controlling Fusarium Wilt. This study screened phytochemical compounds of two plant...
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A field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from July 5 to October 20, in the year 2019 to evaluate the effect of concentrations of Gibberellic acid (GA3), Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and Ethrel® on growth, flowering and yield attributes of a locally grown marigold (Tagetes sp.).The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design...
Environmental risk assessment for the use of liquid swine manure as soil fertilizer
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Liquid swine manure has been recognized as potential fertilizer for agriculture, but excessive and/or prolonged applications of high doses in agricultural systems may cause soil and water pollution. The present paper presents the proposition of a multicriteria model that aims to identify and classify agricultural areas that receive liquid swine manure as soil fertilizers, according to the degree of potential risk of...
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The present research work had been carried out to investigate the effect of different type of mulching with pitcher irrigation on changes of soil properties under brinjal production. The location of the experiment was at farmer’s field in Paschim Medinipur, under Red and Lateritic Zone of West Bengal. Five treatment combinations viz. Pitcher irrigation with jute fiber mulch (T1), with live mulch (black gram) (T2), with...
Farm income stabilization in developing countries: hedging effectiveness of revenue insurance
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This study analyses the risk-reducing performance of revenue insurance for corn producers in Burkina Faso. We apply the Miranda (1991) model to empirical data from the corn sector of 13 agricultural regions of Burkina Faso from 1995 to 2009 to analyze the potential effects of revenue insurance in this sector. Our results show that revenue insurance can reduce farmers' income fluctuation by an average of 40% with variations...
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Fall Armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda), an endemic pest species in the tropical and subtropical Americas, is expanding its geographical range, with recent invasions reported in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, and their interconnection with Europe. With a host range of over 80 plants, the pest inflicts most damage to staple cereals, non-cereal crops, and pasture grasses impacting food security and livestock production....
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A descriptive survey was conducted to investigate the availability, access and utilization of ICTs and tools among Poultry farmers for improved production in Yenagoa Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. 110 poultry farmers were purposively selected from eleven (11) communities in the study area. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequencies,...
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A survey was carried out to study the distribution, composition and economic importance of silkworm diseases between 2015 and 2017 in some parts of Ethiopia. From the surveyed areas, diseased silkworms were observed and distinguished at their station. In addition, sample infected silkworm parts were taken and examined in Melkassa Agricultural Research Center (MARC). The result showed that flacherie, grasserie and...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate influence of different intra row spacing and harvesting frequency on growth and yield of swisschard. The result showed that the interaction effect of intra row spacing and harvesting frequency had a significant effect on the growth and yield of swisschard. The highest plant height (34.133 and 32.067cm) was obtained from swisschard harvested every 14 days combined with intrarow...
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This study was conducted in a private grape vineyard during the year 2019, was located in Tapalw village, Lailan district, Kirkuk province, Iraq. The was to study the effect of spraying four levels of the moringa leaf extract (0, 15, 30 and 45) g.L-1 and licorice root extract (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5) g.L-1 on some growth characteristics and yield of grape (Vitis vinifera) cv. Halawany. Spraying of the extracts were applied...
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This study reports the interaction of rhizobium strains and varieties on yield and yield components of faba bean, and economic feasibility of the inoculant use in faba bean production. The two years field experiments used a split-plot design that involved six elite rhizobium strains as main plot and three faba bean varieties as sub-plot treatments. Non-inoculated plants with N fertilizer and without fertilizer were...
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The present study was carried out at the Farm of the University of Khartoum, Sudan during March 2017, to investigate the effect of different tire inflation pressure and extra front ballast on tractor performance in a clay loam soil at 23% moisture content. 2 WD tractor (62 kW) and three bottom disc plough were used for this study. The treatments included three values of tire inflation pressures (124.2, 165.6 and 207kPa)...
Smallholder Dairy Production Characteristics in Selected Areas of Eastern Gojjam, Ethiopia
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The vast majority of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia use low input production systems that relate to relatively low milk yield per cow/day. While, the dairy sector is not yet developed to the expected level and its contribution to the national economy is quite low in Ethiopia. Even if Eastern Gojjam has good potential for milk and milk products production, diminutive is known about the existing characteristics of...
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Cotton is one of the key agricultural exports in Zimbabwe. Low cotton yields in Zimbabwe are mainly due to pests and diseases among other factors. Red spider mites (RSM) can account for more than 40 % yield loss if not controlled. Control methods implemented for this pest include cultural practices, chemical control, biological control and use of biopesticides. Three aqueous plant extracts at 10 and 20 % v/v application...
Phytoremediation of heavy metals using some selected leguminous crops.
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The phytoremediation of heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper and lead) by Phaseolus vulgaris and Arachis hypogaea were investigated using standard techniques. The heavy metal polluted soil samples were collected from Crush Rock Industries Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, while heavy metal free control soil samples were obtained from Ebonyi State Ministry of Agriculture, Ishiagu Station. The seeds of the two plants were...
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In the present study, seventy-one field pea gene pools including three released varieties were evaluated in an augmented block design for assessing genetic divergence and level of resistance to powdery mildew for exploitation in a breeding program aimed at improving yield potential of field pea by using cluster and principal component analysis. Among the 10 studied traits, four (Eigenvalue >1.0) contributed more than...
Economics and Development of Palm Dates Marketing in Sudan
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The main purpose of this research is to study the date products marketing, obstacles faced and how the dates business could be promoted in the Sudan, in particular, and in other producing countries in the region as general. The study based mainly on primary data from River Nile State of Northern Sudan. Secondary data was also employed. Descriptive statistical analysis has been applied to achieve the objectives of the...
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The study aims to establish some evaluation indexes of the effectiveness of different genetic groups issued from the local goat crossbreeding program. The proposed indexes adjust, for each genotype, dairy and meat performances by the reproductive parameters and metabolic weight. A total of 1654 body weights and 993 dairy performances in the caprine herd of the Arid Areas Institute of Médenine were used. Proposed bio...
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Field experiments were conducted at Teaching and Research farm of Landmark University in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the influence of three population densities (88,000, 44,000, and 29,000 plants/ha) on the growth and yield of five cowpea varieties (IT97K-461, IT97K-568-18, IT98K-131-2, IT99K-1060 and IT99K-`245). Plant growth parameters such as plant height, and number of trifoliate leaves per plant and flower production...
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Brachiaria grass is one of the most important grasses distributed throughout the tropics especially in Africa. The quality of forage yields and biomass of brachiaria is negatively affected by diseases among which leaf spot, leaf blight and leaf rust are the most common. This research was conducted to characterize the rust pathogen of bracharia grass infecting selected cultivars in Kenya based on pathological and...
Design and Fabrication of an Electrically Powered Maize Planter
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Maize is a staple cereal in many parts of the world. In Nigeria, it is most commonly used as livestock feed and in the production of ethanol, sweeteners and other related products. It can also be consumed as food either by roasting or boiling. Production of maize successfully depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. An electrically powered...
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The present experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Block, Shri Guru Ram Rai School of Agricultural Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of French bean cultivar Pusa Parvati under subtropical conditions of Dehradun. Treatments included twelve combinations viz. T1 (Without any organic, inorganic or biofertilizer application),...
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Groundnut is an important oil and protein crop in Ethiopia. Abergelle is one of the dryland part of Ethiopia that is agro ecological potential to groundnut production. Management practice and Lake of improved varieties are a major limitation for low yield and seed quality. Due to this intervention, field experiment was implementing at Sheka Tekli, dry land area of Abergelle, in 2017-2018 cropping season to investigate the...
Determinants of capacity utilization among agribusiness firms in Nigeria
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For agribusinesses in developing economies to realize their potential, enhancing their overall performance in terms of capacity utilisation is essential. The objective of the paper is to provide information on the determinants of capacity utilization among agribusinesses in Nigeria. This study adopted the survey design. Data were collected from 2014 the World Bank Enterprise survey. Purposive sampling technique was used to...
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Objective of the studies was to evaluate agronomic response of chickpea varieties to phosphorus fertilizers rates and row spacing under irrigation condition. The study was done using split plot design spacing as a main plot, and fertilizer and variety as a subplot, where three row spacing (20cm, 30cm and 40cm) was assigned to the main plot while the factorial combination four triple super phosphate (0kg/ha,...
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The use of medicinal plants has been widespread since ancient times to the present by the public, so the study of the effects of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity (chromosomal abnormalities) is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of extract of Brew the bark and branch of willow of Hamadan (Salix alba) in plant cell model. Plant samples were collected from Hamadan and the bark skin was dried at room...
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The study was undertaken to determine the chemical and physico-mechanical quality of leather produced from Rutana, Gumuz and Washera sheep breeds of Ethiopia under Low (300 g/day) and High (450 g/day) levels of concentrate supplementation. The supplement contains 45% wheat bran, 26% maize grain and 29% Noug cake. A total of 36 sheep (12 from each breed) were used in 3x2 factorial treatment arrangement in a completely...
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The effect of fungicides on type of Rhizobia inoculted for optimum soybean production under field condition were investigated. In the present study, statistically significant interaction between seed applied fungicide and Rhizobial inoculant were detected for nodulation and yield of soybean. Application of Rhizobial inoculants alone were provided the highest nodulation and shoot dry weight performance as well as seed...
Phytoremediation Potential of Four Tropical Plant Species Grown in Copper-Contaminated Soil
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Despite being an essential element, at higher concentrations, Cu is highly toxic to plants, microorganisms, and invertebrates. Phytoremediation is a low-cost and effective strategy to clean up contaminated soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of Jatropha curcas; Acacia mangium, Dyera costulata and H. odorata for remediation of soils contaminated with Cu. Seedlings were planted in growth media treated...
Identification of resistant sources in lentil against Fusarium wilt under field condition
Article in Press
Fusarium wilt can cause yield losses up to 50% of the production to complete yield loss if severely affected. The use of resistant variety is one of the best option of disease management. Therefore, studies were planned to find out the genotypes against Fusarium wilt through sick plot technique. Keeping this point in view, one hundred fifty two genotypes of lentil were tested for the resistance against Fusarium oxysporum...
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Maize is one of the most important crops in southern Ethiopia. Africa maize stem borer, Busseola fusca is one of the important biotic constraints. Knowledge of its spatial distribution is important for improving sampling procedures and designing correct control strategies. The spatial distribution pattern of B. fusca was studied in southern Ethiopia during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. A total of 24 maize farms were...
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Assessment of genetic divergence in crop species is one of the major activities of plant breeding which helps to analysis to quantify the genetic distance among the selected germplasm and reflects the relative contribution of specific traits towards the total divergence. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted to assess the genetic divergence in bread wheat genotypes, to determine the extent of genetic variation...
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In the developing Countries, weather differentials and discount rate had played an integral role in the decision making of farmers, which mostly affect their net revenue. This study hypothesized that weather differentials and discount rate has a significant influence on the farmers’ net revenue across three agroclimatic zones in Ghana. Using data from three different agroclimatic zones, we found discount rate...
Evaluation of Sequential Intercropping of Maize with Common bean followed by Chickpea
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Food insecurity is increased by adverse weather condition. Intercropping has been practiced traditionally by small-scale farmers in the tropics. Most previous studies focused on intercropping systems involving two-crop associations. However, there is much scope to improve existing cropping systems by devising and evaluating modifications that allow more effective use of the season. Hence, this research aimed to improve the...
Propagation of cashew (Anacardium occidental L.) by softwood grafting in Ghana.
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An investigation was done to assess the graft success on seedlings and canopy substitution using grafting techniques, retention of basal leaves on the rootstock, age of rootstock and period of grafting in a randomize complete block design with twenty plants per treatment and replicated three times. Young vigorously growing cashew seedlings were used for grafting whilst poor performing cashew trees (in yield and young...
Determination of Nitrogen and Phosphorous fertilizer rates on lowland rice Production
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The national average yield of rice in Ethiopia is about 2.8 t ha-1 which is lower compared to the world average productivity of 4.6 t ha-1. Soil nutrient deficiencies are among the major yield limiting factors of the rice production. In order to recommend appropriate rate of soil nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers application experiment was conducted on rainfed lowland rice production at Fogera plain in two...
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This research was conducted to evaluate the response of local cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) to sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) infection. The treatments consisted of five local cultivars of sweet potato designated as CV1, CV2, CV3, CV4 and CV5 respectively. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated three times. Result obtained from the statistical analysis...
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The field experiment was conducted in two locations i. e.Pawe and Assosa from 2016-2018 main cropping seasons withthe main objectives of identifying high yielding and disease resistant GSR lines in the lowland production system. A total of 20 genotypes including two checks were used for the study.The combined analysis revealed that no genotype significant difference than the standard check on grain yield. This revealed...
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Performance measurement is defined as the process of quantifying efficiency and effectiveness. Effectiveness is compliance with customer requirements, and efficiency is how the organization’s resources are used to achieve customers’ satisfaction levels. Agricultural multipurpose farmer’s cooperatives could play classical roles to increase smallholder productivity and incomes which lead to economic empowerment. The...
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Lactating animals are exposed to oxidative stress (OS) which influences milk composition and physicochemical properties. Administration of vitamin E could mitigate the effects of the OS and improve milk production. This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E administration on some milk constituents and physicochemical parameters of lactating West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Eighteen WAD does with mean...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of Noug Seed Cake (NSC) with a mix of Brewery Dried Grain and Brewery dried Yeast (BDGY) on egg qualitiesof Bovans Brown layers. A total of 120 Bovans Brown layers of 28 weeks of age, were randomly divided into 12 groups each with 10 layers of comparable body weight. Three isocaloric and iso-nitrogenous treatment rations in which 5% (T2), 10 %( T3)...
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The study was conducted in the selected districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, to determine the prevalence of honeybee disease and pests. A questionnaire survey and laboratory diagnostic methods were used for the study. The questionnaire was administered to 146 beekeepers (97.1% males). Two honeybee colony samples from each beekeeper, totally (292 honeybee colonies), were collected from...
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