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Direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf and leaf derived callus of Momordica dioica Roxb
The protocol was developed for both direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants and leaf derived callus of Momordica dioica. Direct somatic embryos were achieved form leaf explants after 5 weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l TDZ+2.0 mg/l L-Glutamic acid and influenced by other factors. This is the first report of this kind in M. dioica for the formation of somatic embryos directly from...
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Heterologous expression of eukaryotic gene in Escherichia coli variable. The expression of Pakistani buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cow (Bos taurus) proinsulin genes in BL21 codon plus cells is 30% of total cellular protein. Total RNA was isolated from pancreatic tissues of local (Pakistani) breeds of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cow (Bos taurus), converted to cDNA and cloned in a T/A cloning vector. There are five silent...
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Bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soils by lipopeptide producing Bacillus subtilis SE1
Hydrocarbons released into ecosystems have led to environmental pollution and generated a serious threat to human health. Bioremediation is an effective method to break down hazardous hydrophobic environmental contaminants with avoiding economic and technical disadvantages. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of B. subtilis SE1, a lipopeptide biosurfactant producer isolated from a petrochemical contaminated soil,...
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DNA-based methodology employing qPCR has been successfully used to examine the incidence of GM maize in Mali. This study aims to ascertain whether screening elements could also be used to detect GM maize. Fourteen maize varieties and one unknown dark color seeded variety from Mali were tested. DNA was extracted from three seeds of each variety. Three screening elements were used for qPCR amplification, the 35s promoter of...
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The present study characterized the acute chemical compounds of Themeda quadrivalvis using GCMS and synthesis of green silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial pattern against different human pathogens. GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 51 chemical compounds which were present in the methanol extract of plant sample based on the retention time (8.385-47.395) with the major compound been 3-Methyloctadecane. The...
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DNA barcoding of Ghanaian fish species: Status and prospects
Ghana’s waters are biologically diverse with different fish species due to different ecological habitats and niches harboring several cryptic fish species. However, the fish production has reduced over the past decade; hence an urgent conservation and management strategies are required to save Ghanaian fishery such as accurate identification of species to formulate species-specific conservation and management strategies....
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Otochilus albus Lindl is one of the important orchids especially used for the horticultural purpose and commercial use. It is listed as a rare and critically endangered species in Nepal. An attempt to preserve the important orchids was done by establishing an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol using seed. This study was carried out by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and the MS medium supplemented with growth...
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This paper aimed to carry out the stabilization of phytase produced in solid-state fermentation by means of Aspergillus níger 7A-1 in triticale as substrate. The crude extract obtained in liquid state was stabilized with glycerol and maltose. These materials presented a synergic effect that improve phytase stability around 80% with ki of 0.031 and a shelf-time of 156 days (22.35 weeks) with glycerol 30% and maltose 20%....
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Chemical and pharmacognostic study of Peganum harmala seeds
Introduction: Peganum harmala belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae and is popularly known as "Arruda of Syria". It presents a broad therapeutic potential, highlighting the anti inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, antiseptic and antibacterial activities. It is used in the preparation of religious rituals beverages with effects on the central nervous system as an inhibitor of the enzyme monoaminoxidase, whose action is due...
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This descriptive research was conducted to obtain scientific information on the perception towards GMOs of regulatory bodies and service providers by administering questionnaires to randomly selected 405 respondents drawn from 5 regional states (Amhara, Afar, BenshangulGumuz, Somali, and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples) and 2 city administrations (Addis Ababa City administration and Dire Dawa City Council). The...
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Assessment of variability among Striga hermonthica populations in Sudan using SSR markers
Striga weed is considered to be the greatest biological constraint to food production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Striga hermonthica is the most widespread among the species in the semi-arid tropical African zones. Seven populations of S. hermonthica were collected from five regions on sorghum and millet in Sudan and investigated with 12 microsatellite markers. Host specificity or geography may play important roles in...
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In vitro regeneration of plants is influenced to a great extent by genotype, the type of explant used, media composition and plant growth regulators. This research was devised to study the effect of explant source and different hormonal combinations on the in vitro regeneration of Heracleum candicans. Two different explants viz; leaf and petiole were used to investigate their morphogenic response on MS medium supplemented...
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Atrazine is widely used herbicide on many crops and considered as one of water pollutant with approved biological hazards on plants, animals and human. Vicia faba seedlings as a biological system used to investigate the genotoxicity of atrazine. Nano selenium (N-Se), a Nano particle with reactive oxygen species scavenging activity was applied to reduce the genotoxicity of atrazine. Atrazine treatment at concentration of 35...
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Novel extraction method and polymerase chain reaction amplification of crude microbial DNA from soil
A rapid, inexpensive and large-scale DNA extraction method involving minimal purification that is applicable to various soil/ microbe mixture types was developed in this study. Results of evaluation of the novel technique indicated that pooling of several genomic DNA extractions and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons will reduce variation among samples. Using the bead beating DNA extraction method described here,...
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Environmental pollution is principally caused by human activities which usually result in the release of man – made pollutants such as biological, chemical and radioactive in such states as solid, liquid and gaseous substances into the biosphere via, land, water and air. Globally, the increasing rate of environmental contamination by ammunition/explosives resulting from their increasing deployments in the rising spites of...
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PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED KENYAN Catha edulis CULTIVARS BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS
Khat (Catha edulis Vahl) is an evergreen shrub habitually ingested for its euphoric and stimulatory effects. The crop is grown in the Middle East, Somalia, East Africa and Ethiopia. Its referred to as Miraa in Kenya while in Yemen it has several names like Qat, Kat, Kath, Gat, Chat and Tschat. It belongs to the sub-order Rosidae, family Celastraceae and characterized by astringent taste. Despite the daily use and...
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A field experiment was conducted on twelve sorghum genotypes against standard checks at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center (HSARC) sub sites for three consecutive years (2016-2018) to evaluate high yielding, insect pest tolerant genotypes and to assess the impact of genotype by environmental interaction on grain yield and yield components across diverse growing environments of western Oromia. Eight agronomic traits and...
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Enhancing 15N-uptake in maize (Zea mays L.) by native Trichoderma spp. strains in central Mexico
A study was undertaken to evaluate the role of Trichoderma strains on 15N-uptake by maize under greenhouse and field conditions. The Trichoderma strains were isolated from different maize production systems in Guanajuato State, Central Mexico. A total of 39 Trichoderma isolates were obtained, 23 correspond to Trichoderma harzianum (Intra-Genic-Segment). Some colonized the endorhizosphere of maize better than others;...
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The host-parasite relationship in both the intermediate snail host and the definitive vertebrate host is complex and many questions remain to be answered regarding host-parasite interactions. Susceptibility and resistance of Biomphalaria snails to Schistosoma mansoni miracidia occur in different degrees using Random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This work was carried out to determine what genes or gene products are...
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Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) is the most important spice crop belonging to the Solanaceae family. Despite its economic importance, little research has been undertaken on genetic diversity of hot pepper germplasm and cultivars in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity among the Ethiopian hot pepper germplasm collections using ISSR markers. Genetic diversity of 53 hot pepper (Capsicum...
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Bioactive compounds in plants have found a wide application in medicines due to their pharmacological or toxicological effects in man and animals. In vitro anti-plasmodial activity of the leaves of Alstonia boonei was studied to support its traditional use as a remedy for malaria. The ethanol extract from the plant was fractionated into ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane fractions. These were subjected to in vitro...
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Climate change causes increasing the salinity crisis of arable land in the world. It is crucial to develop salt tolerant genotypes that can maintain optimum yield levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discover prospective genotypes tolerant to salinity by using Microsatellites/Simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers. Selection for salinity tolerant genotypes of rice based on phenotypic performance alone is less...
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Biosurfactant, consortium, lipopeptide, exopolymer, hydrocarbon and crude oil
Biosurfactants were produced using Pseudomonas sp, A. vinelandii and a consortium of A. vinelandii and Pseudomonas species using crude oil as substrate. The result of the Bacterial Adhesion To Hydrocarbon (BATH) shows 18.81 ± 4.32 %, 3.79 ± 0.82 % and 10.52 ± 276% for Pseudomonas sp., A. vinelandii and a consortium (Pseudomonas sp. and A. vinelandii) respectively, while producing 1.03 ± 0.03, 0.08 ± 0.02 and 1.22 ± 0.03...
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The Effect of growth regulator in Micropropagation of tow Capsicum annuum L. Cultivars.
The application of modern biotechnology for improvement of pepper productivity requires an efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol. In this study an experiment was carried out to examine the effects of different combinations of plant growth regulators on the in vitro micro propagation of tow genotypes of Capsicum annuum L., ( Z215, Y195) thus optimizing the protocol for in vitro micro propagation culturing of nodal...
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Small-scale farmers of Kebbi State use a range of Ocimum (Scent plant) and cymbopogon (Lemongrass) plant species to protect their grain from insect infestation. This study aim at identifying from the range of plant species, the species and method of their preparation with bioactive compounds most effective against Tribolium castaneum. The different plant samples tested were either cultivated or collected from the wild,...
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Imaging review from Anatomic to Molecular and Atomic Resolution scales
Imaging may be referred to as the ‘eyes of science’ as it provides scientists with highly informative multi-dimensional and multi-parameter data usually invisible to the naked eye. As instrumentation technologies and genetic engineering advances, it’s possible in modern times to observe and image highly dynamic biochemistry processes. This paper reviews PET (Positron Emission Tomography), MRS (Magnetic Resonance...
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India is the second largest mega biodiversity in the world, it sustains many species of animals and plant, among them, cervidae is the major mammal's group; currently, seven different cervidae are present in the Indian subcontinent. Last two decades, the population of this species declining continuously due to poaching, habitat distraction, and anthropogenic pressure. The wildlife crime is well known and it is the major...
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Production Of Bacterial Protease From Isolates Of Soil And Agro-Industrial Wastes
Microbial proteases are hydrolytic enzymes widely used in many industrial processes and management of wastes. This study was conducted with the aim of screening for potent protease-producing bacteria from soils and agro-industrial wastes, determining optimal production conditions and partially characterizing the stability and activity of the protease with regards to some physicochemical parameters. Thus, the optimum...
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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) causes significant economic losses in production of commercial flue cured tobacco in Zimbabwe. TMV is transmitted mechanically or by any other means that result in the virus coming into contact with injured cells in host plants. Methods such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, double stranded RNA analysis, symptomatology and reverse transcriptase PCR have used for detection of TMV. A study to...
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This study was aimed to identify 15 crude oil degrading bacteria that were previously isolated from polluted soils and waters in Ondo and Rivers States, Nigeria using molecular techniques and screening of the best three with the highest degradative activity for the presence of gene (C23O) encoding oil-degradation. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by extracting their total genomic DNA using standard DNA...
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The richness of the cultivated olive germplasm is an extraordinary case among horticultural crops, due to the trees longevity and the lack of the turnover with new breeding genotypes. Algeria is a part of the Mediterranean basin, where commercial diffusion of crop products including olives and olive oil are developed. Olive tree covers more than 40,553 ha, with the country consisting of a relatively long and narrow coast...
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Bioremediation of industrial effluents using marine cyanobacteria of Odisha Coast
Disposal of large-scale industrial effluents are of great concern because the water bodies get contaminated where they are released. The normal physicochemical properties of water and soil are affected by their disposal into the environment. In this study, the potential degradation of industrial effluents from the tyre manufacturing industries, Balasore, Odisha was investigated by two marine cyanobacterial species isolated...
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Hydrolysis of phosphor-monoesters is an important process in biological systems linking energy metabolism and metabolic regulation. Phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.2) catalyse the hydrolysis of phospho-monoesters and phosphoproteins, and may be classified as acid phosphatases or alkaline phosphatases, depending on the optimum pH required for their activity. Acid phosphatases in plants help in mobilizing phosphate which is very...
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Abstract The research studied the effect of phytase to diets based on full fat soyabean and groundnut meal. Phytase addition significantly reduced phytate content in diets based on 25%, 50%, and 100% soya bean meal (P
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The physiological study of genetically modified and non-modified yeasts isolates obtained as starter cultures from degrading cocoa pod husk was conducted with a view of using the yeasts in fermenting cocoa pod husk hydrolysate to bioethanol. All the isolates had an optimal growth rate at 30 – 40oC, however the genetically modified yeasts strains exhibits efficient conversion of xylose and arabinose pentose sugars tested...
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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in the World. This study evaluated the proximate, phytochemical and microbial composition on two local and two improved accessions of tomato. The two local accessions (BNL and EKL) were obtained from traditional agriculture system in Udo community Edo State while the improved accessions (IMPA and IMPB) were obtained from Nigerian Institute of...
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Biological control is the most current approach in sustainable agricultural system due to its potential of improving plant tolerance to pathogen and unfavourable environmental stresses. This research evaluates the biocontrol potentials of Glomus versiforme (wild and mutant) against Erysiphe flexuosa pathogen causing mildew disease in cowpea.wild strain of Glomus versiforme was subjected to random mutagenesis using UV...
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Sugarcane is a major agro-industrial crop in India. The fibre content in sugarcane is gaining importance as fuel for co-generation of electricity. Hence, the present study was proposed to genetically characterize and identify suitable clones for co-generation with high yielding, optimum sucrose per cent, erect, non-lodging and good ratooning ability characters. Genetic analysis of 10 sugarcane hybrids was carried out using...
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The counteraction effect of different Cu concentration and Azospirillum inoculation on wheat plants
Results of this investigation indicated that wheat plant was differentially response to the addition of Cu++ from 5 mM to 25 mM in the soil media according to its organs (shoot and root). While shoot organ response positively to this treatment, root response negatively.i.e. Cu++ acts as activator metal in shoot organ and acts as toxicity metal in root organ. This activation response in shoot organ was observed in the...
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Biotreatment of Textile Effluent by Fungi: A Review
Synthetic dyes were discovered in 1856 and from then began the great production of synthetic organic dyes. Today in the market there are more than 100,000 commercially available dyes, with the majority of synthetic origin and many uses, among which are: the coloring and dyeing of textile materials, leather, plastic, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. The industry, after agriculture, is the productive sector that uses...
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USE OF PECTIN IN FRUIT CAGAITA (EUGENIA DYSENTERICA DC.) TO EVALUATE POSTHARVEST QUALITY
This study aimed to evaluate the postharvest conservation of cagaita fruits coated with pectin-based coating. Fruits were subjected to four treatments: control (uncoated fruit), 2, 4 and 6% (v/v) pectin coating and stored in polystyrene trays at 12°C for 30 days. The parameters analyzed were: weight loss, titratable acidity, vitamin C, soluble solids, peak strain, color and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 0, 10, 20...
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Modern Diagnostic Tests for Veterinary Viral Diseases
The diagnosis of viral diseases in animals and human is a challenge as viral infection appears in syndrome varying from acute to chronic, mild to fulminating or fatal to latent disease situation. The veterinary and medical professionals providing therapeutics get completely dependent on the diagnostic laboratories for confirmation of viral diseases. Therefore, availability of rapid, reliable and sensitive diagnostic assays...
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The effects of exposure to heavy metals under laboratory conditions were studied in the bacteria AB6 and AB4 isolated from a polluted site. 16S rRNA sequencing divulged that the AB6 and AB4 were phylogenetically related to Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus subtilis. The examined biological responses includes concentration of protein, the activity of Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidise (GR)...
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Production of bacterial biodegradable plastic by low coast agricultural waste material
Abstract Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are polyesters that accumulate as inclusions in a wide variety of bacteria. Because of their inherent biodegradability, PHBs are considered as good candidates for production of biodegradable plastic. In the present study, we aimed to study the production of PHBs by bacterial strain isolated from divers’ sources using inexpensive substrates. Fifty bacterial strains isolated from...
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The high distribution of resistance of a wide range of microorganisms to the diverse range of antimicrobial agents is attracting a great deal of attention. Development of effective and safe drugs based on nanoprinciples are now extensively utilized to fight against pathogenic microorganism.Among the various route ,infection through cross contamination on various objects including wound dressing causes severe health risks...
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The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the ascidians associated bacteria with extracellular enzymes from Tuticorin, Southeast coast of India. Totally 21 culturable heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from the three species of ascidians (Polyclinum glabrum, Microcosmus exasperates and Phallusia arabica). Among them, three isolates (GA CAS11, GA CAS12 and GA CAS13) showed extracellular enzymes production. The...
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Entry of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in human pathogen Vibrio cholerae O139, O1 Ogawa and V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 serotypes under different medium at different temperatures were studied. The results revealed that V. parahaemolyticus survived well even in frozen condition for more than 110 days, whereas V. cholerae O139 and O1 Ogawa were able to survive only up to 17 and 4 days respectively at -20°C. The plate...
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GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF ELITE MAIZE INBRED LINES OF ZAMBIA USING SNP MARKERS
Maize is the most important source of energy in Zambia and it is the most commonly grown crop. Over the years, the Zambian public maize breeding programme has a collection of about 800 maize inbred lines for hybrid breeding. However, these inbred lines have not been characterised. Therefore, a study was conducted on a sample of 153 inbred lines with the objective of assessing the genetic diversity and determining the...
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The Acute toxicity of cassava waste water were investigated on Clarias gariepinus using a renewable static bioassay with emphasis on comparing the bioaccumulation pattern of Zinc, Manganese, Copper, Cadmium and Lead in the head-vertebrae part and flesh. Alteration in swimming activity and feeding, respiratory disturbance, anaemic morphology, skin lesion and death were observed in the exposed fishes and these varied greatly...
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BARU (Dypterix alata Vog) MESOCARP FLOUR: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL
The Baru (Dypterix alata Vog) belongs to the Leguminosae family; it is composed of mesocarp. endocarp. and almond. The mesocarp represents 5% of the whole fruit and consists of up to 38% starch and may be used for the ethanol production since this biofuel is produced by the conversion of starch. However. for such conversion. the starch should be hydrolyzed and thus converted to sugars. This hydrolysis may occur by acidic...
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