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Bioactive compounds in plants have found a wide application in medicines due to their pharmacological or toxicological effects in man and animals. In vitro anti-plasmodial activity of the leaves of Alstonia boonei was studied to support its traditional use as a remedy for malaria. The ethanol extract from the plant was fractionated into ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane fractions. These were subjected to in vitro...
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Climate change causes increasing the salinity crisis of arable land in the world. It is crucial to develop salt tolerant genotypes that can maintain optimum yield levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discover prospective genotypes tolerant to salinity by using Microsatellites/Simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers. Selection for salinity tolerant genotypes of rice based on phenotypic performance alone is less...
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Biosurfactant, consortium, lipopeptide, exopolymer, hydrocarbon and crude oil
Biosurfactants were produced using Pseudomonas sp, A. vinelandii and a consortium of A. vinelandii and Pseudomonas species using crude oil as substrate. The result of the Bacterial Adhesion To Hydrocarbon (BATH) shows 18.81 ± 4.32 %, 3.79 ± 0.82 % and 10.52 ± 276% for Pseudomonas sp., A. vinelandii and a consortium (Pseudomonas sp. and A. vinelandii) respectively, while producing 1.03 ± 0.03, 0.08 ± 0.02 and 1.22 ± 0.03...
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The Effect of growth regulator in Micropropagation of tow Capsicum annuum L. Cultivars.
The application of modern biotechnology for improvement of pepper productivity requires an efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol. In this study an experiment was carried out to examine the effects of different combinations of plant growth regulators on the in vitro micro propagation of tow genotypes of Capsicum annuum L., ( Z215, Y195) thus optimizing the protocol for in vitro micro propagation culturing of nodal...
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Small-scale farmers of Kebbi State use a range of Ocimum (Scent plant) and cymbopogon (Lemongrass) plant species to protect their grain from insect infestation. This study aim at identifying from the range of plant species, the species and method of their preparation with bioactive compounds most effective against Tribolium castaneum. The different plant samples tested were either cultivated or collected from the wild,...
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Imaging review from Anatomic to Molecular and Atomic Resolution scales
Imaging may be referred to as the ‘eyes of science’ as it provides scientists with highly informative multi-dimensional and multi-parameter data usually invisible to the naked eye. As instrumentation technologies and genetic engineering advances, it’s possible in modern times to observe and image highly dynamic biochemistry processes. This paper reviews PET (Positron Emission Tomography), MRS (Magnetic Resonance...
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India is the second largest mega biodiversity in the world, it sustains many species of animals and plant, among them, cervidae is the major mammal's group; currently, seven different cervidae are present in the Indian subcontinent. Last two decades, the population of this species declining continuously due to poaching, habitat distraction, and anthropogenic pressure. The wildlife crime is well known and it is the major...
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Production Of Bacterial Protease From Isolates Of Soil And Agro-Industrial Wastes
Microbial proteases are hydrolytic enzymes widely used in many industrial processes and management of wastes. This study was conducted with the aim of screening for potent protease-producing bacteria from soils and agro-industrial wastes, determining optimal production conditions and partially characterizing the stability and activity of the protease with regards to some physicochemical parameters. Thus, the optimum...
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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) causes significant economic losses in production of commercial flue cured tobacco in Zimbabwe. TMV is transmitted mechanically or by any other means that result in the virus coming into contact with injured cells in host plants. Methods such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, double stranded RNA analysis, symptomatology and reverse transcriptase PCR have used for detection of TMV. A study to...
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This study was aimed to identify 15 crude oil degrading bacteria that were previously isolated from polluted soils and waters in Ondo and Rivers States, Nigeria using molecular techniques and screening of the best three with the highest degradative activity for the presence of gene (C23O) encoding oil-degradation. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by extracting their total genomic DNA using standard DNA...
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The richness of the cultivated olive germplasm is an extraordinary case among horticultural crops, due to the trees longevity and the lack of the turnover with new breeding genotypes. Algeria is a part of the Mediterranean basin, where commercial diffusion of crop products including olives and olive oil are developed. Olive tree covers more than 40,553 ha, with the country consisting of a relatively long and narrow coast...
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Bioremediation of industrial effluents using marine cyanobacteria of Odisha Coast
Disposal of large-scale industrial effluents are of great concern because the water bodies get contaminated where they are released. The normal physicochemical properties of water and soil are affected by their disposal into the environment. In this study, the potential degradation of industrial effluents from the tyre manufacturing industries, Balasore, Odisha was investigated by two marine cyanobacterial species isolated...
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The present work concerns the analgesic effects of zerumbona, obtained from Zingiber zerumbet L. Smith cultivated in Manaus/Amazonas. The compound has been studied for decades because it has potent cytotoxic activity against liver and prostate tumor cells, colon, and breast. The plant is rich in sesquiterpenes, glycosylated flavonoids that present important pharmacological activities; standing out cytotoxic activity...
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Hydrolysis of phosphor-monoesters is an important process in biological systems linking energy metabolism and metabolic regulation. Phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.2) catalyse the hydrolysis of phospho-monoesters and phosphoproteins, and may be classified as acid phosphatases or alkaline phosphatases, depending on the optimum pH required for their activity. Acid phosphatases in plants help in mobilizing phosphate which is very...
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In this study, oil quality with respect to physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics extracted from nonconventional seed oil namely Moringa oleifera, Adansonia digitata, Parinari curatellifolia and Cajanus cajan and conventional seed oil namely soybean (Glycine max) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) was assessed and compared. Results showed that there were significant differences in various quality parameters such...
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Abstract The research studied the effect of phytase to diets based on full fat soyabean and groundnut meal. Phytase addition significantly reduced phytate content in diets based on 25%, 50%, and 100% soya bean meal (P
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The physiological study of genetically modified and non-modified yeasts isolates obtained as starter cultures from degrading cocoa pod husk was conducted with a view of using the yeasts in fermenting cocoa pod husk hydrolysate to bioethanol. All the isolates had an optimal growth rate at 30 – 40oC, however the genetically modified yeasts strains exhibits efficient conversion of xylose and arabinose pentose sugars tested...
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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in the World. This study evaluated the proximate, phytochemical and microbial composition on two local and two improved accessions of tomato. The two local accessions (BNL and EKL) were obtained from traditional agriculture system in Udo community Edo State while the improved accessions (IMPA and IMPB) were obtained from Nigerian Institute of...
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Biological control is the most current approach in sustainable agricultural system due to its potential of improving plant tolerance to pathogen and unfavourable environmental stresses. This research evaluates the biocontrol potentials of Glomus versiforme (wild and mutant) against Erysiphe flexuosa pathogen causing mildew disease in cowpea.wild strain of Glomus versiforme was subjected to random mutagenesis using UV...
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Sugarcane is a major agro-industrial crop in India. The fibre content in sugarcane is gaining importance as fuel for co-generation of electricity. Hence, the present study was proposed to genetically characterize and identify suitable clones for co-generation with high yielding, optimum sucrose per cent, erect, non-lodging and good ratooning ability characters. Genetic analysis of 10 sugarcane hybrids was carried out using...
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The counteraction effect of different Cu concentration and Azospirillum inoculation on wheat plants
Results of this investigation indicated that wheat plant was differentially response to the addition of Cu++ from 5 mM to 25 mM in the soil media according to its organs (shoot and root). While shoot organ response positively to this treatment, root response negatively.i.e. Cu++ acts as activator metal in shoot organ and acts as toxicity metal in root organ. This activation response in shoot organ was observed in the...
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Biotreatment of Textile Effluent by Fungi: A Review
Synthetic dyes were discovered in 1856 and from then began the great production of synthetic organic dyes. Today in the market there are more than 100,000 commercially available dyes, with the majority of synthetic origin and many uses, among which are: the coloring and dyeing of textile materials, leather, plastic, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. The industry, after agriculture, is the productive sector that uses...
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USE OF PECTIN IN FRUIT CAGAITA (EUGENIA DYSENTERICA DC.) TO EVALUATE POSTHARVEST QUALITY
This study aimed to evaluate the postharvest conservation of cagaita fruits coated with pectin-based coating. Fruits were subjected to four treatments: control (uncoated fruit), 2, 4 and 6% (v/v) pectin coating and stored in polystyrene trays at 12°C for 30 days. The parameters analyzed were: weight loss, titratable acidity, vitamin C, soluble solids, peak strain, color and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 0, 10, 20...
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Modern Diagnostic Tests for Veterinary Viral Diseases
The diagnosis of viral diseases in animals and human is a challenge as viral infection appears in syndrome varying from acute to chronic, mild to fulminating or fatal to latent disease situation. The veterinary and medical professionals providing therapeutics get completely dependent on the diagnostic laboratories for confirmation of viral diseases. Therefore, availability of rapid, reliable and sensitive diagnostic assays...
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The effects of exposure to heavy metals under laboratory conditions were studied in the bacteria AB6 and AB4 isolated from a polluted site. 16S rRNA sequencing divulged that the AB6 and AB4 were phylogenetically related to Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus subtilis. The examined biological responses includes concentration of protein, the activity of Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidise (GR)...
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Production of bacterial biodegradable plastic by low coast agricultural waste material
Abstract Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are polyesters that accumulate as inclusions in a wide variety of bacteria. Because of their inherent biodegradability, PHBs are considered as good candidates for production of biodegradable plastic. In the present study, we aimed to study the production of PHBs by bacterial strain isolated from divers’ sources using inexpensive substrates. Fifty bacterial strains isolated from...
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The high distribution of resistance of a wide range of microorganisms to the diverse range of antimicrobial agents is attracting a great deal of attention. Development of effective and safe drugs based on nanoprinciples are now extensively utilized to fight against pathogenic microorganism.Among the various route ,infection through cross contamination on various objects including wound dressing causes severe health risks...
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The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the ascidians associated bacteria with extracellular enzymes from Tuticorin, Southeast coast of India. Totally 21 culturable heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from the three species of ascidians (Polyclinum glabrum, Microcosmus exasperates and Phallusia arabica). Among them, three isolates (GA CAS11, GA CAS12 and GA CAS13) showed extracellular enzymes production. The...
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Entry of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in human pathogen Vibrio cholerae O139, O1 Ogawa and V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 serotypes under different medium at different temperatures were studied. The results revealed that V. parahaemolyticus survived well even in frozen condition for more than 110 days, whereas V. cholerae O139 and O1 Ogawa were able to survive only up to 17 and 4 days respectively at -20°C. The plate...
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GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF ELITE MAIZE INBRED LINES OF ZAMBIA USING SNP MARKERS
Maize is the most important source of energy in Zambia and it is the most commonly grown crop. Over the years, the Zambian public maize breeding programme has a collection of about 800 maize inbred lines for hybrid breeding. However, these inbred lines have not been characterised. Therefore, a study was conducted on a sample of 153 inbred lines with the objective of assessing the genetic diversity and determining the...
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The Acute toxicity of cassava waste water were investigated on Clarias gariepinus using a renewable static bioassay with emphasis on comparing the bioaccumulation pattern of Zinc, Manganese, Copper, Cadmium and Lead in the head-vertebrae part and flesh. Alteration in swimming activity and feeding, respiratory disturbance, anaemic morphology, skin lesion and death were observed in the exposed fishes and these varied greatly...
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BARU (Dypterix alata Vog) MESOCARP FLOUR: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL
The Baru (Dypterix alata Vog) belongs to the Leguminosae family; it is composed of mesocarp. endocarp. and almond. The mesocarp represents 5% of the whole fruit and consists of up to 38% starch and may be used for the ethanol production since this biofuel is produced by the conversion of starch. However. for such conversion. the starch should be hydrolyzed and thus converted to sugars. This hydrolysis may occur by acidic...
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Optimization of Cellulase production from Bacillus species
Cellulose is most abundant biological component on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Being the largest component of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem conversion of this complex carbohydrate to a simpler sugar is having brighter future. The conversion of cellulose to one of the simplest form of sugar which is glucose is having bright future. Some and bacteria are capable of these conversion so in this experiment our main...
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Traditional fermented beverages occupy an important place in the diet of populations in Burkina Faso. Zoom-koom in particular remains one of the most consumed cereal-based drinks in cities like Ouagadougou. The drink zoom-koom is consumed primarily in the liquid form and to short scale in the reconstituted form called instant flour zoom-koom. Being able to diversify zoom-koom taste and aroma and to improve the nutritional...
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PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STABILITY OF MUFFINS PACKED
The aim of this study was to develop edible coatings containing natural additives incorporated to the matrix of cassava starch, for use in muffins, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of its use in the increase of shelf life and maintenance of the products characteristics. Seventeen film forming formulations were developed following a central composite experimental design (CCD). It was determined the influence of...
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Iris yellow spot orthotospovirus (IYSV) is an important pathogen of Allium species worldwide. It has a tripartite genome consisting of the large (L), medium (M) and small (S) RNA segments. Despite its worldwide distribution, very few complete gene and genome sequences are available in public databases. The aim of this study was to obtain full gene sequences of a garlic-infecting IYSV isolate by Next-generation sequencing...
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Moisture deficit stress, one of the abiotic stresses, affects sugarcane growth and development and reduces cane and sugar yields. Transcription Factors (TFs) are master regulatory proteins in all living cells which have the capability of activating or repressing transcription of stress responsive genes inorder to activate the stress tolerance mechanism. Study of expression profiles of TF genes which regulate the expression...
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The proximate, minerals, antinutrient and amino acid contents of the unfermented air potato (UAP), fermented air potato (APF), fermented air potato with Pleurotus ostreatus (APP) and fermented air potato with Calocybe indica (APC) were carried out using standard methods. The biosafety of the samples was also determined using Wistar rats. APP has the highest crude fiber (11.61%) and protein content (20.44%). APF has the...
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This study was aimed at determining the presence of five major yield responsive genes shown to be among key determinants of rice yield in ten rice cultivars grown in Nigeria using candidate gene SSRs markers (Cg-SSRs). DNAs were extracted from young leaf samples using optimized cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-extraction method. An established gene sequences for high yielding rice Nipponbare cultivar for the five...
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Considering the potential benefit of meristem culture in the mass production of quality propagation materials, an experiment was conducted to investigate meristem culture in KUWE (G1) and 223098 (G2) genotypes of anchote. Consentration levels of 6-Benzylamimopurine (BAP) with and without Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) for shoot induction while BAP and Kinetin (Kn) for shoot multiplication were...
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Tinospora cordifolia is a highly important medicinal plant in India, with a rich source of different secondary metabolites. In the present study, 12 samples of T. cordifolia (collected from different areas of Rayalseema region,Andhra Pradesh) were studied for genetic diversity using 15 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and eight inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. Out of them, 10 RAPD and 5 ISSR primers...
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The objective of this study was to assess the morphological diversity of the elite chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties of Ethiopia. Nineteen elite varieties of chickpea in Ethiopia were used to analyze the means and components of variability (genetic, phenotypic and environmental), and interrelationships (genetic and phenotypic) for yield and various other yield components. Such nineteen varieties were planted by the...
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Analysis of the mitotic effect of Annona muricata leaf extracts on Allium cepa root tip cells
There has been a growing interest in medicinal plants by the locals of the Pacific Islands since it is readily available. Annona muricata, commonly called soursop is one of such plants which is popular because it is being used to treat initial stages of cancer due to its antioxidant properties. This study investigated various extraction methods which could be used to compare and see the effectiveness of each on the...
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This work aimed at evaluating the behavioral, biochemical and hematological effects of pharmaceutical effluent in laboratory population of Clarias gariepinus using a static renewal bioassay system. Fish specimens were collected and exposed to five (0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.12 mgL-1) sublethal concentrations of the effluent including a control experiment. Different dose dependent behavioral responses such as erratic...
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Evaluation of the physical properties of leathers tanned with Plectranthus barbatus Andrews extracts
This study was designed to assess the potential use of Plectranthus barbatus Andrews, a plant growing locally in Kenya as a vegetable tanning agent. The aim was a deliberate attempt to adopt green chemistry and provide cheap locally available eco-friendly tanning materials. Anova statistical test (α
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There is lack of information on tigernut wine production especially dealing with the suitability of the yellow varieties of tigernut for wine production. This research was undertaken to investigate the suitability of producing tigernut wine from tigernut tuber. To prepare the wine, the tuber was washed and must extracted immediately after crushing, then batch fermentation of the inoculated must was carried out by...
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Potential applications of enzymes on the extraction of vitexin from dried Mas Cotek leaves
Mas Cotek or Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea leaves extracts contain various beneficial properties such as antidiabetic, antihypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, which can be enzymatically extracted in water. Vitexin is one of the antioxidants and remarkable compound of flavone C-glycosides found in Mas Cotek leaves. Cellulase is one of the essential enzymes applied to hydrolyze cellulose into fermentable sugars and...
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Lipid excipients are abundantly distributed in nature, biodegradable and are generally regarded as safe (GRAS). It enhances the absorption of lipophilic drugs and therefore, has evoked a boost in application of lipids as carrier for most lipophilic drugs. Lipid based drug delivery systems (LBDDS) have feasibility of different delivery routes including oral, parenteral, pulmonary, topical, ocular, intravaginal and...
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Maize is the second most widely grown food cereal crop cultivated in the world and consumed in various form of as part of diets of human and animals. However, its production and productivity is affected by biotic and abiotic stresses among which, soil acidity is the key factor. This field experiment was conducted to estimate the genetic variability of maize for yield and yield related traits, and determine the association...
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COMPLETE GENOMIC SEQUENCE ANALYSISI OF WHEAT YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS ISOLATED FROM ZHOUZHI IN CHINA
Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) is the causal agent of wheat yellow mosaic disease in China. WYMV was detected in wheat sample collected from Zhouzhi of Shanxi Province. The nearly complete genomic sequence of Zhouzhi isolate (WYMV-ZZ) was determined; it was compared with six complete sequences of WYMV isolates (five Chinese isolates and one Japanese isolate). WYMV-ZZ and the six WYMV isolates shared 96.6-97.7% and...
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