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Essential oils are natural substances which can be used as natural conservators for foods. The present work aimed to evaluate biological properties of essential oil of Hyptis suaveolens and its effect on shelf-life of beef. The extraction was carried out by hydro-distillation. Antioxidant activity was determined by method of DPPH and FRAP. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the microdilution and agar diffusion...
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Two local varieties of cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) pulps named “okoiyawo” and “odongbo” were fermented with pure Rhizopus oligosporus, R. nigricans and R. oryzae. The products were subsequently processed in to “gari”, the form in which it is popularly consumed in Nigeria. The selected process variables are cassava varieties, starter culture and fermentation time (2 days, 4 days and 6 days). Fifteen randomly selected...
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In vitro rooting of micropropagated shoots were carried out with the aim of evaluating the root induction responses of two tomato varieties (Gelilema and Chali) to Indole -3- butyric acid (IBA). Seven levels of IBA (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 mg L-1) were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial combinations (seven level of IBA*two varieties) with three replications. The ANOVA showed that the...
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Acetic acid bacteria are known for their ability to oxidize ethanol to acetic acid. This study investigated to identify dominant strain acetic acid bacteria involving in fermented juice of mango and capable to produce vinegar, Total of 4 (CRSBAN-BVA1, CRSBAN-BVK1, CRSBAN-BVK2, CRSBAN-BVI1) bacteria strains were preselected from spontaneously fermented juice of. The strains were examined with biochemical, physiological and...
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The characterization of products from sawdust degradation using selected microbial culture isolated from it was carried out. The sawdust waste samples were collected from MCC timber market in Cross River State. The saw dust sample was diluted using serial dilution method and subjected to further analysis. The pour plate technique was employed to isolate the associated microorganisms. Accorgingly, five bacteria species were...
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The evaluation of the insecticidal effect of plants presents one of the approaches to the enhancement of phylogenetic heritage and an alternative to the use of chemical insecticides while preserving the environment. The insecticidal effect of the 2 plants Pistacia lentiscus and Zizyphus lotus naturally grown in Algeria was tested on the pine processionary larvae Thaumetopoea pityocampa. The aqueous extracts of the fresh...
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Obtainment of Fermentable Sugars from Rice Husks by Enzymatic and Acid Hydrolysis
The use of lignocellulosic biomass for obtaining biofuels and other based on microbial fermentation is a promising approach. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has worldwide importance, being its husks one of the most abundant agricultural wastes of the world. Because it abundance and low cost, rice husks may be promising prime matter for fermentative processes. The aim of this research work was to evaluate the hydrolysis of Rice...
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The purpose of this study is to prove the fertilization vitality in vivo through artificial insemination method in female goats. This study using a Randomized Block Design (2 treatments, 15 replications) and the semen was collected from 3.5 yeas old male Boer goat and injected into 30 female Etawah (PE) goats with following experiment variables. The experiment variables were semen diluent factors, P0 (control): Tris...
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This study determined the potential antidiarrhoeal potential of Pericopsis angolensis and Swartzia madagascariensis extracts against Escherichia coli O157, Shigella spp. and Salmonella typhi. Extracts were obtained using the following methods: (i) hot water extraction (900C) (LHWE), (ii) cold water extraction (CWED) and (iii) ethanolic extraction (EED). Antimicrobial effects of the extracts were determined using the well...
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Development and evaluation of organic silicon nanoparticles
Skin is an important component of outer beauty; it is the focus of many surgical and non- surgical procedures. Skin changes associated with intrinsic or extrinsic aging, such as wrinkles, sagging and pigmentation changes, can cause people to look for cosmetic procedures to improve the appearance of their skin. Studies demonstrate the importance of organic silicon in the production of type I collagen. The present work aimed...
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Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2) genetic polymorphisms are important factors that are involved in the development of clinical tuberculosis. In this study, a single nucleotide polymorphism of the immune response protein molecule, toll-like receptor 2 designated as rs3804100 involving T/C polymorphism was carried out by genotypic analysis of DNA obtained from blood samples of the paediatric population in South Africa consisting...
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Malaysian Lates calcarifer (Asian seabass) is readily adapted to the freshwater environment and is suggested to have different long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthetic activities compared with other marine fish and yet to be determined. Additionally, fatty acid profiling of L. calcarifer byproducts are not yet studied. Hence, in this study, fatty acid compositions of L. calcarifer byproducts (head, liver and...
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Njemani is a type of traditional palm wine produced in the Shangaan tribe of Zimbabwe and plays an important role in many traditional functions and ceremonies. The wine is consumed in a variety of flavors from sweet to sweet-sour and vinegary. The main aim of the research work was to identify, analyze the biochemical and microbial changes that occur during production and documenting the whole procedure of Njemani...
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Rice plays an important role in feeding the world’s population, especially the people who live in developing countries. More than 90 percent of world’s rice is produced and consumed in Asia. Blast disease caused by Magnaporthe Oryzae is one of the most important diseases of rice in the world. This study evaluated the Power of 10 blast-specific SSR markers in determination of genetic diversity among 30 cultivars of Indica...
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The purpose of this study was asses the influence of light spectrum and phytohormones variations on photomorphogenesis and water consumption by pomegranate cuttings and environmental microclimate changes. The research was carried out from August to November of 2018, on a completely randomized design, in a 4x4 factorial scheme, and with three replications. Four phytohormones concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100%) and four...
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An aquaponic system was built on a pilot scale at the Federal University of Grande Dourados, aimed at the sustainable production of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with intensive recirculation of water, together with the production of leafy vegetables. The aim of this research was to evaluate an aquaponics system as an alternative for sustainable production and rational use of water in agriculture. A greenhouse with a...
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Stylosanthes is a genus of Leguminosae family present in south America, employed as fodder, cover pasture and in recovering degraded soils. Chemical fertilization and mycorrhization were recently adopted to increase Stylosanthes spp. performances and resistance to abiotic stresses but there are no studies evaluating use of humic acids and essential oils. This preliminary work, carried on in greenhouse growing Stylosanthes...
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Control of ginseng leaf black spot disease by endophytic fungi
Ginseng plants associated with a number of fungi, several of which are proported to protect it from pathogens, thus improving plant growth. This study aimed to screen Panax ginseng leaves for endophytic fungi, and to assess these fungi for their efficacy to inhibit ginseng black spot disease caused by Alternaria panax. A total of 256 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from P. ginseng leaves. Most of the fungal...
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Agar affects the efficient invitro regeneration in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Establishment of an efficient tissue culture protocol is an essential prerequisite in harnessing the advantage of cell and tissue culture for genetic improvement. The present study deals with the effect of desiccation created in the culture media i.e. in MS media supplemented with BAP (2.0 mgl-1) and kin (1.0 mgl-1) by increasing the concentrations of agar (0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 percent). The observations were recorded on...
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Bacterial enzyme, sulphate, nitrate and ultimate latex paint biodegradation
The role of bacterial extracted enzyme, nitrate and sulpahte mobilization in latex paint degradation was investigated. The result revealed that degradation rate ie paint utilization was better enhanced by the presence of sulphate (SO42-) than nitrate (NO3-) though at no significant level (p>0.01). However, Bacillus species exceptionally mobilized nitrate (19.4mm) than sulphate (18.9mm). The overall mobilization rate for...
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The experiments were conducted in the fields of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16 cropping years. The formulated Trichoderma harzianum (Tricho-compost for soil amendment and spore suspension for seed treatment) and organic soil amendment poultry refuse either singly or in combination with chemical fungicide Provax 200 WP were tested against...
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Plasmid-mediated Multidrug Resistance (MDR) has serious implications for the empiric therapy against pathogenic bacteria. Twelve (12) bacteria isolates were identified and selected based on the ability to grow on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar medium containing 100µg/ml ampicillin. The isolates tagged; U01, U02, U03, U04, U08, U10 and U11 were from urine specimens, S05, S06, S07 and S12 from stool, while B09 was from blood. The...
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SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS AND PROSPECTS OF NANOMATERIALS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY REVIEW
Nanotechnology is the science of objects
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In this study, a total of 9 morphologically and biochemically different yeast species were isolated from Nigerian fermented food product, ‘ogi’. These yeast species were screened for probiotic properties such as antibacterial activities, acid and bile tolerance. Six species out of the yeast isolates that survived pH 2 were grown in 0.3% bile salts which were monitored by spectrophotometer for 5 hours. Three yeast species...
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Groundnut rosette disease (GRD) is the most important viral disease of groundnuts in sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, GRD infection especially before flowering results in 100% loss in pod yield. Surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to determine the incidence and distribution of GRD in five major groundnut growing Counties of western Kenya. A structured questionnaire was used to assess GRD incidence and severity and...
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Croton linearifolius Mull. Arg, an endemic species of Brazil, has insecticidal activity proven. To the detriment of its importance as a natural resource, the studies of this species are incipient, as well as the strategies applied to its management and conservation. Were estimated the diversity and genetic structure in 61 individuals of C. linearifolius collected in the National Forest Contendas do Sincorá (NFCS)....
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Direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf and leaf derived callus of Momordica dioica Roxb
The protocol was developed for both direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants and leaf derived callus of Momordica dioica. Direct somatic embryos were achieved form leaf explants after 5 weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l TDZ+2.0 mg/l L-Glutamic acid and influenced by other factors. This is the first report of this kind in M. dioica for the formation of somatic embryos directly from...
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The present study characterized the acute chemical compounds of Themeda quadrivalvis using GCMS and synthesis of green silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial pattern against different human pathogens. GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 51 chemical compounds which were present in the methanol extract of plant sample based on the retention time (8.385-47.395) with the major compound been 3-Methyloctadecane. The...
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This descriptive research was conducted to obtain scientific information on the perception towards GMOs of regulatory bodies and service providers by administering questionnaires to randomly selected 405 respondents drawn from 5 regional states (Amhara, Afar, BenshangulGumuz, Somali, and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples) and 2 city administrations (Addis Ababa City administration and Dire Dawa City Council). The...
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Assessment of variability among Striga hermonthica populations in Sudan using SSR markers
Striga weed is considered to be the greatest biological constraint to food production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Striga hermonthica is the most widespread among the species in the semi-arid tropical African zones. Seven populations of S. hermonthica were collected from five regions on sorghum and millet in Sudan and investigated with 12 microsatellite markers. Host specificity or geography may play important roles in...
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Novel extraction method and polymerase chain reaction amplification of crude microbial DNA from soil
A rapid, inexpensive and large-scale DNA extraction method involving minimal purification that is applicable to various soil/ microbe mixture types was developed in this study. Results of evaluation of the novel technique indicated that pooling of several genomic DNA extractions and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons will reduce variation among samples. Using the bead beating DNA extraction method described here,...
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PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED KENYAN Catha edulis CULTIVARS BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS
Khat (Catha edulis Vahl) is an evergreen shrub habitually ingested for its euphoric and stimulatory effects. The crop is grown in the Middle East, Somalia, East Africa and Ethiopia. Its referred to as Miraa in Kenya while in Yemen it has several names like Qat, Kat, Kath, Gat, Chat and Tschat. It belongs to the sub-order Rosidae, family Celastraceae and characterized by astringent taste. Despite the daily use and...
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A field experiment was conducted on twelve sorghum genotypes against standard checks at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center (HSARC) sub sites for three consecutive years (2016-2018) to evaluate high yielding, insect pest tolerant genotypes and to assess the impact of genotype by environmental interaction on grain yield and yield components across diverse growing environments of western Oromia. Eight agronomic traits and...
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The host-parasite relationship in both the intermediate snail host and the definitive vertebrate host is complex and many questions remain to be answered regarding host-parasite interactions. Susceptibility and resistance of Biomphalaria snails to Schistosoma mansoni miracidia occur in different degrees using Random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This work was carried out to determine what genes or gene products are...
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Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) is the most important spice crop belonging to the Solanaceae family. Despite its economic importance, little research has been undertaken on genetic diversity of hot pepper germplasm and cultivars in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity among the Ethiopian hot pepper germplasm collections using ISSR markers. Genetic diversity of 53 hot pepper (Capsicum...
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Bioactive compounds in plants have found a wide application in medicines due to their pharmacological or toxicological effects in man and animals. In vitro anti-plasmodial activity of the leaves of Alstonia boonei was studied to support its traditional use as a remedy for malaria. The ethanol extract from the plant was fractionated into ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane fractions. These were subjected to in vitro...
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Climate change causes increasing the salinity crisis of arable land in the world. It is crucial to develop salt tolerant genotypes that can maintain optimum yield levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discover prospective genotypes tolerant to salinity by using Microsatellites/Simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers. Selection for salinity tolerant genotypes of rice based on phenotypic performance alone is less...
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Biosurfactant, consortium, lipopeptide, exopolymer, hydrocarbon and crude oil
Biosurfactants were produced using Pseudomonas sp, A. vinelandii and a consortium of A. vinelandii and Pseudomonas species using crude oil as substrate. The result of the Bacterial Adhesion To Hydrocarbon (BATH) shows 18.81 ± 4.32 %, 3.79 ± 0.82 % and 10.52 ± 276% for Pseudomonas sp., A. vinelandii and a consortium (Pseudomonas sp. and A. vinelandii) respectively, while producing 1.03 ± 0.03, 0.08 ± 0.02 and 1.22 ± 0.03...
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The Effect of growth regulator in Micropropagation of tow Capsicum annuum L. Cultivars.
The application of modern biotechnology for improvement of pepper productivity requires an efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol. In this study an experiment was carried out to examine the effects of different combinations of plant growth regulators on the in vitro micro propagation of tow genotypes of Capsicum annuum L., ( Z215, Y195) thus optimizing the protocol for in vitro micro propagation culturing of nodal...
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Small-scale farmers of Kebbi State use a range of Ocimum (Scent plant) and cymbopogon (Lemongrass) plant species to protect their grain from insect infestation. This study aim at identifying from the range of plant species, the species and method of their preparation with bioactive compounds most effective against Tribolium castaneum. The different plant samples tested were either cultivated or collected from the wild,...
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Imaging review from Anatomic to Molecular and Atomic Resolution scales
Imaging may be referred to as the ‘eyes of science’ as it provides scientists with highly informative multi-dimensional and multi-parameter data usually invisible to the naked eye. As instrumentation technologies and genetic engineering advances, it’s possible in modern times to observe and image highly dynamic biochemistry processes. This paper reviews PET (Positron Emission Tomography), MRS (Magnetic Resonance...
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India is the second largest mega biodiversity in the world, it sustains many species of animals and plant, among them, cervidae is the major mammal's group; currently, seven different cervidae are present in the Indian subcontinent. Last two decades, the population of this species declining continuously due to poaching, habitat distraction, and anthropogenic pressure. The wildlife crime is well known and it is the major...
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Production Of Bacterial Protease From Isolates Of Soil And Agro-Industrial Wastes
Microbial proteases are hydrolytic enzymes widely used in many industrial processes and management of wastes. This study was conducted with the aim of screening for potent protease-producing bacteria from soils and agro-industrial wastes, determining optimal production conditions and partially characterizing the stability and activity of the protease with regards to some physicochemical parameters. Thus, the optimum...
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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) causes significant economic losses in production of commercial flue cured tobacco in Zimbabwe. TMV is transmitted mechanically or by any other means that result in the virus coming into contact with injured cells in host plants. Methods such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, double stranded RNA analysis, symptomatology and reverse transcriptase PCR have used for detection of TMV. A study to...
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The richness of the cultivated olive germplasm is an extraordinary case among horticultural crops, due to the trees longevity and the lack of the turnover with new breeding genotypes. Algeria is a part of the Mediterranean basin, where commercial diffusion of crop products including olives and olive oil are developed. Olive tree covers more than 40,553 ha, with the country consisting of a relatively long and narrow coast...
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Bioremediation of industrial effluents using marine cyanobacteria of Odisha Coast
Disposal of large-scale industrial effluents are of great concern because the water bodies get contaminated where they are released. The normal physicochemical properties of water and soil are affected by their disposal into the environment. In this study, the potential degradation of industrial effluents from the tyre manufacturing industries, Balasore, Odisha was investigated by two marine cyanobacterial species isolated...
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Hydrolysis of phosphor-monoesters is an important process in biological systems linking energy metabolism and metabolic regulation. Phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.2) catalyse the hydrolysis of phospho-monoesters and phosphoproteins, and may be classified as acid phosphatases or alkaline phosphatases, depending on the optimum pH required for their activity. Acid phosphatases in plants help in mobilizing phosphate which is very...
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Abstract The research studied the effect of phytase to diets based on full fat soyabean and groundnut meal. Phytase addition significantly reduced phytate content in diets based on 25%, 50%, and 100% soya bean meal (P
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The physiological study of genetically modified and non-modified yeasts isolates obtained as starter cultures from degrading cocoa pod husk was conducted with a view of using the yeasts in fermenting cocoa pod husk hydrolysate to bioethanol. All the isolates had an optimal growth rate at 30 – 40oC, however the genetically modified yeasts strains exhibits efficient conversion of xylose and arabinose pentose sugars tested...
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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in the World. This study evaluated the proximate, phytochemical and microbial composition on two local and two improved accessions of tomato. The two local accessions (BNL and EKL) were obtained from traditional agriculture system in Udo community Edo State while the improved accessions (IMPA and IMPB) were obtained from Nigerian Institute of...
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