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The aim of this study was to compare the embryonic developmental rates in the Southern African cattle breeds. To do this, cryopreserved semen straws from Nguni, Bonsmara, and Boran bulls were thawed at 38°C and evaluated for sperm motility characteristics using Sperm Class Analyser (SCA). The fertilizing ability of frozen/thawed sperm was evaluated by performing artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization...
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This review aims at the functional, geometrical and phylogenetical characterisation of Cuscuta australis (A0A328DW09) hypothetical protein as an insight to plant improvement through transgenic and mutational activities since traditional breeding methods are no longer enough for best results in improving plant varieties. Identity and functional predictions of corresponding proteins were analysed with Basic Local Alignment...
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Coffea arabica, F1 hybrid variety, Ruiru 11 is a highly sought after crop in Kenya due to its alleviated resistance to Coffee Berry Disease and Coffee Leaf Rust coupled with high yield capacity and good cup quality. Access to the variety’s planting materials is limited due to challenges with difficulty in propagation using conventional methods of seed and vegetative propagation; and somatic embryogenesis is regarded as a...
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WRKY Gene Silencing Enhances Tolerance to Salt Stress in Transgenic Tomato
WRKY proteins are superfamily of transcription factors, which are up or down-regulated in response to biotic and abiotic stress though limited study has conducted on transcriptional repression of tomato WRKY genes to salt stress. Thus, this study was conducted on three transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Moneymaker) T1 generation plants carrying RNAi constructs for WRKY5, WRKY12, and WRKY13 to identify WRKYs...
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Antimicrobial activity against entero-pathogens and tolerance to acid stress are crucial characters of probiotic bacteria. Lactobacillus spp isolates were phenotypically characterized using colony observation, catalase test and Gram stain reaction. The pH (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5) tolerance of each isolate was evaluated at 0 and 4 h. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were tested against pathogenic strains of Bacillus...
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Alternanthera brasiliana is popularly known in Brazil as "penicillin" or "benzetacil" and is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infections and for the healing of wounds. It is also used as an ornamental plant due to the characteristic purple coloration of its leaves when cultivated in shade. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an analytical methodology by Ultraviolet-Visible absorption...
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L) is the major staple and principal food crop cultivated widely in lowland areas of Ethiopia. Drought and Striga are the major abiotic and biotic constraints to sorghum production and productivity in Ethiopia specifically in the testing sites. The adaptation of sorghum to a wide range of environmental conditions has led to the evolution and existence of extensive genetic variation for drought and...
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Ensete (Ensete ventricosum) is an important perennial species in Ethiopia. It is used for food, and fiber. The mode of propagation is asexual and sexual. Asexual form of reproduction is by natural and anthropogenic induced sucker. This research is aiming to investigate and measure the Methylation diversity of natural and anthropogenic induced sucker forming Ensete. Twenty-seven individuals from Hawassa University...
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EVALUATION OF PROTEIN QUALITY OF A COMPLEMENTARY FOOD PRODUCED FROM WALNUT AND FERMENTED MAIZE FLOUR
This work aimed at formulating and evaluating the amino acids profile and protein quality of African walnut based complementary food using animal bio-assay. African walnut and maize grains (Zea mays) were processed separately into flour and formulated into blends containing 25 to 45% African walnuts. The most preferred blends were evaluated for protein efficiency ratio (PER), biological valve (BV), net protein utilization...
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Nutritional Enhancement of Cocoa pod husk meal through fermentation using Rhizopus stolonifer
This study evaluated the effect of fermentation period on the proximate composition, anti-nutritional content, fibre fractions and amino acid profile of cocoa pod husk meal (CPHM). Cocoa pod husk was taken through a solid state fermentation process involving Rhizopus stolonifer as its starter culture for a period of two weeks. The fermented CPHM was dried and analyzed for its proximate composition, anti-nutritional...
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The aim of this work was to perform chemical and physical-chemical analyzes of the oil of the cultivars Valenciano Amarelo melon (VA) and Pele de Sapo melon (PS) (Cucumis melo L.) produced in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil, by GC -FID, IR, 1H NMR and the thermogravimetric behavior TG/DTG as well as yield of that obtained oil. Thus, the oil yield of Valenciano melon seeds was 28.47% and that of Pele de Sapo melon was 26.41%....
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Vitamin C in the human body acts as one of the main antioxidant agents, besides acting as cofactor for several types of enzymes. Since the 1980s, ascorbic acid has been used by healthcare professionals to maintain the permeability of central catheters in a hospital environment. Blood coagulation aims at hemostasis, where the clot obtains rigidity in the presence of the fibrin stabilizing factor (FXIII), which is activated...
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The field experiment was conducted in 2018/19 main cropping season at two locations using simple lattice design to evaluate 49 field pea genotypes including nine released varieties for generating information on genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and expected genetic advance for yield ad yield attributing traits. The genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from...
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A mini-review on sex steroid hormone estrogens receptors in mammals and other vertebrates
Steroid hormones play essential roles in the generative biology of vertebrates. Estrogen exercises its effect through estrogen receptors and is not only a feminine reproductive hormone but acts virtually in all vertebrates, including fish and is involved in the physiological and pathological states in all males and females. Estrogen has been implicated in mandible conservation and circulatory and central nervous systems as...
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In the last decade, there have been an increase in safety concerns on the aflatoxins contents of cereals and cereal-derived food products in Nigeria. In the current study, evaluation of aflatoxins levels and molecular identification of toxigenic molds recovered from cereals and cereal-derived foods products in Nigeria was studied. ELISA and HPLC methods were used for qualitative and quantitative aflatoxins evaluation...
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Epidemiology and Mobilization of Arsenic in India: Embark on Bioremediation
Arsenic (As) is foremost renowned threat for environment and societal well-being. Arsenic concentration is expanding at a disturbing rate in several countries. In nature, arsenic is present in combined state with metal ores and gets separated when anaerobic condition develops under the ground. People of affected regions are obliged to use arsenic contaminated water. Continuous use of As contaminated water causes cancer,...
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DrsB2 is an antimicrobial peptide with antiproliferative activity obtained from South American frog species Phyllomedusa bicolor. In the present study, Gold Nanoparticles were coated with DrsB2 peptide and the resulting DrsB2-AuNPs characterized using UV-Visible spectra. In vitro studies of the DrsB2-AuNPs utilized three cell lines; DU145 (prostate), HCC1395 (breast) and the vero cell line (control). These cell lines were...
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Laccases, member of multicopper oxidase (MCO) family enzymes, play crucial roles in insects’ cuticle tanning and pigmentation. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize a laccase gene from the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. The isolated RPW laccase gene sequence was 3,389 bp, including a 2,163 bp open reading frame that encodes 720 amino acids. The RPW laccase gene conserved the MCO...
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The anthropogenic load of antibiotics in Morogoro Municipality water bodies was estimated using the ELISA technique. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits that are commonly used for detection of tetracyclines, sulfonamides and quinolones residues in meat, milk, eggs and honey were adopted for analysis of these antibiotics in surface waters. Thirty three sampling points were selected,...
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Africa has a lot of fermented foods which need to be further developed for improved nutrition. Many authors have documented interesting articles and reviews on fermented foods from different parts of the world. The climate in many African countries favours short-term storage of fresh foods. Storage facilities are inappropriate and the supply of light energy is irregular. This suggests that fermentation might serve as an...
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Role of dietary practices in onset of type 2 diabetes and intervention amongst female population
This research aimed to study the effects of dietary intervention on body weight and glycemic control among females having type 2 diabetes, find the behavioral health issues related to the disease, change the wrong dietary practices carried out by the patients for the purpose of nutrition intervention, and exhibit the change if any, in the form of their biochemical parameters. Here, a retrospective case control study was...
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Jatropha curcas L. is among important tree crops in the world with a potential for biofuel production. In Ethiopia, there is a soaring investors’ interest to produce Jatropha in the country for biodiesel production. However, insufficient good quality propagation material is a major production constraint. A study was undertaken to establish a protocol for in vitro mass propagation of three Ethiopian Jatropha accessions viz....
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¬This study reviews the introduction of the exotic breeds and cross breeding of local chicken in Ethiopia, treats of the genetic erosion and needs for conservation with aim of delivering in the short form and clear information for beneficiaries and to whom it may concern. Poultry production and its product consumption are progressively increasing globally. In Ethiopia, chicken production plays a great role as a primary...
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Characterization of crude invertase extracted from Aspergillus species CSA 35
The enzyme invertase is very useful, especially in food industries. Invertase hydrolyzes the disaccharide sucrose into two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose. Invertase was extracted from Aspergillus sp. CSA35, and studied using spectrophotometric methods for enzyme kinetics and determination of other factors affecting enzyme activities such as salt tolerance, pH, temperature and substrate specificity. The invertase...
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In view of World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation on the use of medicinal plants for the management of diabetes mellitus, this study evaluated the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Vinca major L. on biochemical parameters and glucose level of alloxan induced diabetic rats as objective. Sixty-four male Wistar albino rats were induced with diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection and were separated into four...
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Two local varieties of cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) pulps named “okoiyawo” and “odongbo” were fermented with pure Rhizopus oligosporus, R. nigricans and R. oryzae. The products were subsequently processed in to “gari”, the form in which it is popularly consumed in Nigeria. The selected process variables are cassava varieties, starter culture and fermentation time (2 days, 4 days and 6 days). Fifteen randomly selected...
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In vitro rooting of micropropagated shoots were carried out with the aim of evaluating the root induction responses of two tomato varieties (Gelilema and Chali) to Indole -3- butyric acid (IBA). Seven levels of IBA (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 mg L-1) were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial combinations (seven level of IBA*two varieties) with three replications. The ANOVA showed that the...
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The evaluation of the insecticidal effect of plants presents one of the approaches to the enhancement of phylogenetic heritage and an alternative to the use of chemical insecticides while preserving the environment. The insecticidal effect of the 2 plants Pistacia lentiscus and Zizyphus lotus naturally grown in Algeria was tested on the pine processionary larvae Thaumetopoea pityocampa. The aqueous extracts of the fresh...
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Obtainment of Fermentable Sugars from Rice Husks by Enzymatic and Acid Hydrolysis
The use of lignocellulosic biomass for obtaining biofuels and other based on microbial fermentation is a promising approach. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has worldwide importance, being its husks one of the most abundant agricultural wastes of the world. Because it abundance and low cost, rice husks may be promising prime matter for fermentative processes. The aim of this research work was to evaluate the hydrolysis of Rice...
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The purpose of this study is to prove the fertilization vitality in vivo through artificial insemination method in female goats. This study using a Randomized Block Design (2 treatments, 15 replications) and the semen was collected from 3.5 yeas old male Boer goat and injected into 30 female Etawah (PE) goats with following experiment variables. The experiment variables were semen diluent factors, P0 (control): Tris...
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Development and evaluation of organic silicon nanoparticles
Skin is an important component of outer beauty; it is the focus of many surgical and non- surgical procedures. Skin changes associated with intrinsic or extrinsic aging, such as wrinkles, sagging and pigmentation changes, can cause people to look for cosmetic procedures to improve the appearance of their skin. Studies demonstrate the importance of organic silicon in the production of type I collagen. The present work aimed...
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Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2) genetic polymorphisms are important factors that are involved in the development of clinical tuberculosis. In this study, a single nucleotide polymorphism of the immune response protein molecule, toll-like receptor 2 designated as rs3804100 involving T/C polymorphism was carried out by genotypic analysis of DNA obtained from blood samples of the paediatric population in South Africa consisting...
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Malaysian Lates calcarifer (Asian seabass) is readily adapted to the freshwater environment and is suggested to have different long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthetic activities compared with other marine fish and yet to be determined. Additionally, fatty acid profiling of L. calcarifer byproducts are not yet studied. Hence, in this study, fatty acid compositions of L. calcarifer byproducts (head, liver and...
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Njemani is a type of traditional palm wine produced in the Shangaan tribe of Zimbabwe and plays an important role in many traditional functions and ceremonies. The wine is consumed in a variety of flavors from sweet to sweet-sour and vinegary. The main aim of the research work was to identify, analyze the biochemical and microbial changes that occur during production and documenting the whole procedure of Njemani...
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Rice plays an important role in feeding the world’s population, especially the people who live in developing countries. More than 90 percent of world’s rice is produced and consumed in Asia. Blast disease caused by Magnaporthe Oryzae is one of the most important diseases of rice in the world. This study evaluated the Power of 10 blast-specific SSR markers in determination of genetic diversity among 30 cultivars of Indica...
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The purpose of this study was asses the influence of light spectrum and phytohormones variations on photomorphogenesis and water consumption by pomegranate cuttings and environmental microclimate changes. The research was carried out from August to November of 2018, on a completely randomized design, in a 4x4 factorial scheme, and with three replications. Four phytohormones concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100%) and four...
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An aquaponic system was built on a pilot scale at the Federal University of Grande Dourados, aimed at the sustainable production of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with intensive recirculation of water, together with the production of leafy vegetables. The aim of this research was to evaluate an aquaponics system as an alternative for sustainable production and rational use of water in agriculture. A greenhouse with a...
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Stylosanthes is a genus of Leguminosae family present in south America, employed as fodder, cover pasture and in recovering degraded soils. Chemical fertilization and mycorrhization were recently adopted to increase Stylosanthes spp. performances and resistance to abiotic stresses but there are no studies evaluating use of humic acids and essential oils. This preliminary work, carried on in greenhouse growing Stylosanthes...
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Control of ginseng leaf black spot disease by endophytic fungi
Ginseng plants associated with a number of fungi, several of which are proported to protect it from pathogens, thus improving plant growth. This study aimed to screen Panax ginseng leaves for endophytic fungi, and to assess these fungi for their efficacy to inhibit ginseng black spot disease caused by Alternaria panax. A total of 256 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from P. ginseng leaves. Most of the fungal...
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Agar affects the efficient invitro regeneration in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Establishment of an efficient tissue culture protocol is an essential prerequisite in harnessing the advantage of cell and tissue culture for genetic improvement. The present study deals with the effect of desiccation created in the culture media i.e. in MS media supplemented with BAP (2.0 mgl-1) and kin (1.0 mgl-1) by increasing the concentrations of agar (0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 percent). The observations were recorded on...
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Bacterial enzyme, sulphate, nitrate and ultimate latex paint biodegradation
The role of bacterial extracted enzyme, nitrate and sulpahte mobilization in latex paint degradation was investigated. The result revealed that degradation rate ie paint utilization was better enhanced by the presence of sulphate (SO42-) than nitrate (NO3-) though at no significant level (p>0.01). However, Bacillus species exceptionally mobilized nitrate (19.4mm) than sulphate (18.9mm). The overall mobilization rate for...
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The experiments were conducted in the fields of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16 cropping years. The formulated Trichoderma harzianum (Tricho-compost for soil amendment and spore suspension for seed treatment) and organic soil amendment poultry refuse either singly or in combination with chemical fungicide Provax 200 WP were tested against...
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Plasmid-mediated Multidrug Resistance (MDR) has serious implications for the empiric therapy against pathogenic bacteria. Twelve (12) bacteria isolates were identified and selected based on the ability to grow on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar medium containing 100µg/ml ampicillin. The isolates tagged; U01, U02, U03, U04, U08, U10 and U11 were from urine specimens, S05, S06, S07 and S12 from stool, while B09 was from blood. The...
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SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS AND PROSPECTS OF NANOMATERIALS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY REVIEW
Nanotechnology is the science of objects
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In this study, a total of 9 morphologically and biochemically different yeast species were isolated from Nigerian fermented food product, ‘ogi’. These yeast species were screened for probiotic properties such as antibacterial activities, acid and bile tolerance. Six species out of the yeast isolates that survived pH 2 were grown in 0.3% bile salts which were monitored by spectrophotometer for 5 hours. Three yeast species...
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Groundnut rosette disease (GRD) is the most important viral disease of groundnuts in sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, GRD infection especially before flowering results in 100% loss in pod yield. Surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to determine the incidence and distribution of GRD in five major groundnut growing Counties of western Kenya. A structured questionnaire was used to assess GRD incidence and severity and...
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Croton linearifolius Mull. Arg, an endemic species of Brazil, has insecticidal activity proven. To the detriment of its importance as a natural resource, the studies of this species are incipient, as well as the strategies applied to its management and conservation. Were estimated the diversity and genetic structure in 61 individuals of C. linearifolius collected in the National Forest Contendas do Sincorá (NFCS)....
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Direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf and leaf derived callus of Momordica dioica Roxb
The protocol was developed for both direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants and leaf derived callus of Momordica dioica. Direct somatic embryos were achieved form leaf explants after 5 weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l TDZ+2.0 mg/l L-Glutamic acid and influenced by other factors. This is the first report of this kind in M. dioica for the formation of somatic embryos directly from...
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The present study characterized the acute chemical compounds of Themeda quadrivalvis using GCMS and synthesis of green silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial pattern against different human pathogens. GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 51 chemical compounds which were present in the methanol extract of plant sample based on the retention time (8.385-47.395) with the major compound been 3-Methyloctadecane. The...
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This descriptive research was conducted to obtain scientific information on the perception towards GMOs of regulatory bodies and service providers by administering questionnaires to randomly selected 405 respondents drawn from 5 regional states (Amhara, Afar, BenshangulGumuz, Somali, and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples) and 2 city administrations (Addis Ababa City administration and Dire Dawa City Council). The...
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