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The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones, their relation with body condition score (BCS) and reproductive stage of 248 Nelore heifers, and the effect of iodine application on the induction of cyclicity of 217 anoestrus heifers in pasture at the beginning of the reproductive season. At day zero (D0), an assessment of the BCS was performed. An examination of...
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Potential applications of enzymes on the extraction of vitexin from dried Mas Cotek leaves
Mas Cotek or Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea leaves extracts contain various beneficial properties such as antidiabetic, antihypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, which can be enzymatically extracted in water. Vitexin is one of the antioxidants and remarkable compound of flavone C-glycosides found in Mas Cotek leaves. Cellulase is one of the essential enzymes applied to hydrolyze cellulose into fermentable sugars and...
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Lipid excipients are abundantly distributed in nature, biodegradable and are generally regarded as safe (GRAS). It enhances the absorption of lipophilic drugs and therefore, has evoked a boost in application of lipids as carrier for most lipophilic drugs. Lipid based drug delivery systems (LBDDS) have feasibility of different delivery routes including oral, parenteral, pulmonary, topical, ocular, intravaginal and...
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In Africa, cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) represents an important food source and income generation. However, its productivity is constrained by biotic and abiotic stresses. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important constraint to the world potato industry. In Kenya, the disease affects 77% of potato farms causing yield losses of up to 100%. Control methods are limited mainly due to the...
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One of the best options for African countries to meet rural energy needs is to grow care-free crassulacean acid metabolism plants on a massive scale in waste lands. This can enable bioenergy production without disrupting food supplies and hence sustainable energy supply for the future. Opuntia ficus indica is an ideal plant for arid regimes but has barely been studied as a potential bioenergy source. This study...
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Maize is the second most widely grown food cereal crop cultivated in the world and consumed in various form of as part of diets of human and animals. However, its production and productivity is affected by biotic and abiotic stresses among which, soil acidity is the key factor. This field experiment was conducted to estimate the genetic variability of maize for yield and yield related traits, and determine the association...
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The riverine areas of the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria are popularly known for their smoked fish from both fresh and salt water. To the people living in these areas, smoking is a method of preservation as the fish is known to undergo spoilage within 8 h of harvest from its natural habitat; though not without the potential health hazard associated with smoked foods. During smoking, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)...
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The study compared the antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) from Piper guineense (Uziza) and Xylopica aethiopica (Uda) using diffusion and dilution assays, and evaluated their antioxidant properties at different temperatures. The antimicrobial activity was determined using well-in-agar diffusion, disc diffusion and broth dilution methods against Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp and Bacillus cereus as test...
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COMPLETE GENOMIC SEQUENCE ANALYSISI OF WHEAT YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS ISOLATED FROM ZHOUZHI IN CHINA
Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) is the causal agent of wheat yellow mosaic disease in China. WYMV was detected in wheat sample collected from Zhouzhi of Shanxi Province. The nearly complete genomic sequence of Zhouzhi isolate (WYMV-ZZ) was determined; it was compared with six complete sequences of WYMV isolates (five Chinese isolates and one Japanese isolate). WYMV-ZZ and the six WYMV isolates shared 96.6-97.7% and...
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Antioxidant and immune modulatory activities of polysaccharides fractions isolated from Khaya grandifoliola stem bark and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta leaves were analyzed. Water-soluble total polysaccharides (TP) were extracted and precipitated in alcohol. Pectic (PF) and hemicellulosic fractions (HF) of cell walls were obtained using ammonium oxalate and potassium hydroxide. TP of K. grandifoliola and C. sanguinolenta...
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Biogas is a renewable source of energy that belongs to the category of biofuels. Anaerobic condition typically refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) were evaluated from feed stalk materials for biogas production under anaerobic digestion. The biogas production and methane content of fruit and vegetable wastes digestion were...
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The study of the isolation, screening and identification of a xylanase-producing fungus, purification and characterization of xylanase was undertaken in order to produce the enzyme from a cheap source, saw dust, for possible industrial use. Eight fungal strains were isolated and identified from saw-dust out of which Mucor mucedo had the maximum xylanase production and it was selected as the best xylanase-producing strain....
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the external and organoleptic characters, microscopic, physico-chemical, chromatic and microbiological parameters of the honey from Myracrodruon urundeuva allemão (Anacardiceae - Aroeira) of the Jequitinhonha River Valley / Brazil, in order to create its Geographical Indication. In the first stage a data survey was carried out to characterize the production of honey in the...
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Uterotonic effect of aqueous extract of Launaea taraxacifolia Willd on rat isolated uterine horns
Launaea taraxacifolia is used by the traditional health practitioners in Sokoto to ease labour pains and augment labour thereby facilitating child birth. This study examined the effect of the aqueous extract of the whole plant on isolated uterus from non-pregnant rats pre-treated with stilbestrol and from pregnant rats in late gestation. This was compared to the effects of uterine contraction agonists, namely; oxytocin,...
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Phylogenetic analysis of bluetongue virus serotype16 based on genome segment 5 (encoding NS1)
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the ‘type’ species of the genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae. The BTV genome is composed of ten linear segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), each of which codes for at least one of ten distinct viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP2, VP3, VP5, VP7 and NS3 gene has been advocated by different researchers around the world. However, very little information about the...
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The nutrient composition of three indigenous fruits in Botswana
Indigenous fruits play important roles in food security in rural and urban areas of many African countries. Of several indigenous grown in African countries, three fruits (Azanza garckeana, Grewia flava and Ximenia caffra) were selected for the study. The edible portions were analyzed for vitamin C, titratable acidity, dry matter, ash, crude protein, acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral...
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Aegilops tauschii Coss. (2n = 2x= 14, DD) is a problematic weed and contributes to the D genome in common wheat. Genetic diversity among 40 populations of China was evaluated by microsatellites marker and morphological traits. For dry biomass weight, there was variation among the populations, while for plant height, there was a high variation (15.8%) among the populations. We determined 27 alleles by using eight primers....
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Recent agriculture is characterized by intensive and cleaning productions, which need seeds with high quality in large quantities bonded by in vitro culture labs. Nevertheless in vitro ex vitro transition and during acclimatization occur losses due to the death of plantlets unable to survive this abiotic stress. Reactive Oxygen Species production during jasmonic acid-induced changes previous transition was demonstrated....
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This study evaluated the haematotoxic effects of Nevirapine and the role of Kolaviron, a potent antioxidant from Garcinia kola as an adjuvant. Forty eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into eight groups, A-H (with 6 rats per group). Group A animals received normal saline as the control; Group B were given Nevirapine (1.54 mg/kg); Group C received Kolaviron (200 mg/kg);...
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Marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa associated with Pseudomonas fluorescens BCPBMS-1 was isolated from Madapam Coast, Tamil Nadu, India and screened for chitinase production. Chitinase was tested for its biocontrol activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Chitinase is an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing chitin, an insoluble polysaccharide present in the cell wall of higher fungi, insect gut walls and nematodes. Chitinase was...
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Isolation of cellulase producing Aspergillus unguis UCSC324 and characterization of cellulase
Bioengineering of cellulolytic enzymes with enhanced catalytic efficiency and thermostability is important in the commercialization processes. This study describes the isolation of efficient cellulase producing fungi and determination of the kinetic properties of the crude cellulase. Among the fungal strains isolated from cow dung, hot rice water, water used in autoclave and decaying coconut wood, the strains growing on...
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For viral sanitation strategy in Tunisia, citrus accessions from Washington navel (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) variety were investigated for regeneration throughout direct and indirect in vitro organogenesis. In this study, either floral (style/stigma and ovaries) or vegetative organs (leaves, cotyledons, epicotyls and hypocotyls) were cultured into Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture media that were supplied with five different...
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Fingerprinting with molecular markers allows precise, specific and rapid variety identification. In this study, 13 out of 45 screened simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to fingerprint 27 rice varieties (22 are commercially released while five are suspected duplicates from the hands of marketers with different names) in Nigeria. The SSR primer pairs (13) were polymorphic and generated a total of 81 allele...
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Biotechnological tools for detection, identification and management of plant diseases
Detection and identification of plant pathogens is one of the most important strategies for sustainable plant diseases management. For this reason, the availability of fast, sensitive and accurate methods for detection and identification of plant pathogens is increasingly necessary to improve disease control decision making process. In other words, new technologies and improved methods with reduced/fair cost and improved...
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Ocimum lamiifolium is a well known medicinal plant in Ethiopia. Fresh leaves of the plant are squeezed and sniffed to treat colds and coughs and as an eye rinse for eye infections, while crushed leaves are used to arrest nose bleeding. In this study phytochemical investigation on the methanol extracts of this plant collected from Addis Ketema subcity, Addis Ababa resulted in the isolation of a triterpene, namely U
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These experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of thiourea on accumulation of osmoprotectants and antioxidants in the salt stressed maize roots and callus of maize hybrids. Medium supplementation of 400 µM thiourea was applied on two maize hybrids; 33M15 and DK6789. The maize hybrid 33M15 performed better than DK6789. Fifteen days older plants and immature embryo were subjected to medium supplemented with thiourea...
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Zinc biofortification of wheat as influenced by zinc fertilization
Zinc (Zn) fertilization is an effective agronomic tool for Zn biofortification of wheat to overcome Zn deficiency in humans. Zinc deficiency in humans caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem. Biofortification of wheat with Zn is, therefore, an important challenge and a high-priority research work. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted to explore the impact of soil and foliar Zn...
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Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat in Ethiopia. Poor knowledge of resistance genes deployed in Ethiopian wheat cultivars is one major factor for recurrent epidemics of rust diseases. Molecular marker based gene identification showed the presence of Yr1, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr10, Yr17 and Yr18 in various frequencies, whereas Yr8 was not detected in any...
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The performance of an aerobic three phase fluidized bed reactor for the treatment of surface water in the culture tanks effluent, and an anoxic-anaerobic reactor for the bottom effluent of the rearing tanks treatment is show in this study. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiency in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for intensive rainbow trout laboratory...
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Numerous studies have been conducted in rice to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with different agronomic traits. However, only a few of these studies have used interspecific mapping populations. Here, QTLs associated with tiller numbers, flowering time, plant height, and grain yield in an interspecific rice population were mapped. The population was evaluated under managed water-stressed (drought) and optimal...
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This experiment was aimed to detect garlic infecting virus for three improved garlic varieties (Bishoftu Nech, Tseday and Kuriftu) collected from different garlic production sites of Ethiopia. Garlic cloves were planted in screen house at Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub Nairobi, Kenya in 2014. Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (*RT-PCR) technique was...
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In vitro propagation of the wild medicinal plant, caper (Capparis spinosa L.)
Micropropagation of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) was done using wild leaves from Libya. High percentage (95%) of callus induction was obtained from Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.2 mg l-1 2,4-D + maltose. The effect of various concentrations (0.0, 0.5. 1.0 and 2.0 mg l-1) of cytokines (BAP, 6-γ-γ-[Dimethylallylamino]-purine 2ip, Kin and Zea) supplemented with MS medium was evaluated for callus...
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Degradation kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic and atrazine by Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilát
The degradation kinetics of different sources of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) and atrazine by the natural strain Mo008 of the basidiomycete fungus Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilát was studied, knowing that in this process the strain used produces an enzyme complex composed of manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase, and the response on the global consumption rate and yield is dependent on the...
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Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain2 (NOD2) of the NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) of the TLRs are major pattern-recognition receptors. They sense different microbial pathogens and play important roles in innate immunity. Current in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that TLR4 and NOD2 act in anti-Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Herein, the cross-interaction between membrane-bound TLR4 and...
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Chemical Composition of Cyperus esculentus nut and Phoenix dactylifera fruit
This study investigated the chemical composition of Cyperus esculentus nut and Phoenix dactylifera fruit. The nuts and fruits were purchased as commonly sold in Wukari, Nigeria. They were cleaned, sorted for healthy parts, sun-dried and milled into fine powder. The AOAC, AAS and GC-MS methods were adopted for the proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis respectively. The results show that Cyperus esculentus nut is...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different storage conditions in market (ice box, glassy refrigerator, normal refrigerator without light (natural and electric power) and freezer) on alpha linolenic acid (ALA), a nutritional value of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To investigate the effect of storage duration on fatty acid quality, samples stored after 1, 3 and 5 days in refrigerator and those...
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One of the most significant challenges in biotechnology is technological utilization of self-assembled systems. Surface (S-) layer technology is advanced due to the intrinsic property of subunits to reassemble into two-dimensional arrays. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 composed of S-layer protein (SlpA) subunits which are organized into regular arrays. Herein, S-layer gene (slpA) of L. acidophilus was cloned in...
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Palynological studies in combination with conventional morphology have a significant role in solving problems relating to plant systematics. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a useful tool for palynological studies with increased accuracy and precision. The pollen size, shape and details of sculpturing of the exine are of taxonomic value. The main objective of the present study was to provide a detailed morphological...
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Characterisation of volatile compounds and flavour attributes of Lablab purpureus bean accessions
The Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) has potential of being an outstanding resource for human food and animal feed in tropical agricultural systems. The bean is however grossly underutilized due anti-nutritional factors, which may affect its nutritive value and organoleptic properties. In this study, twenty-four (24) lablab bean accessions were assayed for the volatile compounds and sensory flavor characteristics to...
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Merzouga Sand Dunes Actinobacteria: antimicrobial potential and taxonomic diversity
Merzouga sand dunes were among the Moroccan extreme environments. Actinobacteria from this under investigated desert habitat were isolated and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. One hundred sixty three Actinobacteria isolates were isolated from sand collected from several dunes and screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. To test the antimicrobial effect of isolates, four microorganisms known as...
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Clausenidin upregulated p53 and caused apoptosis in HT-29 tumor cell lines
Introduction: Clausenidin is a pyranocoumarin majorly found in medicinal herbs of the Rutaceae family used to treat cancer patients locally in Asia. The compound is presumed to have anti-cancer cell effect but its exact mechanism of action is still unknown. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of pure clausenidin on p53-mediated apoptosis as well as other cell death pathways in colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines....
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Echinops kebericho (Mesfin)isthe most important and critically endangered endemic Ethiopian medicinal plant. This plant is threatened due to over harvesting of its roots for medicinal purpose, and from seed viability and seed germination problem. The aim of this research was to build up an efficient in vitro propagation protocol for E. kebericho using shoot tip explants. Shoots excised from in vitro germinated seedlings...
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This study presents the development of phage mediated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor for the detection of Escherichia coli. Bacteriophage is very specific to host bacterial cell also known as parasite for bacteria. The Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) is a very sensitive device that measures a mass change per unit area by measuring the change in resonant frequency of a quartz crystal. A...
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Callogenesis is one of the tools in sugarcane tissue culture for generating agronomically significant variation. Tissue culture derived variations are known as somaclonal variation. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of MS media supplemented with 1.0 mgL-1 of NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mgL-1 of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) on somaclonal variation in in vitro...
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Biodegradation of crude oil by Bacillus species isolated from different sources
The consequences of oil pollution to the environment and human health as a result of exploration activities, transportation and usage of petroleum compounds, has become a serious challenge to environmental scientists. This study evaluates the potential of using Bacillus subtilis in biodegradation of petroleum compounds. Ten Bacillus strains from non-petroleum contaminated sites were identified on the basis of microscopy...
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Analytical quantification of copper in frogs (Rana tigrina) found from various aquatic habitats
This study focused on the quantitative determination of Cu metal in various physical parts of frogs by using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry technique). Cu was measured (2.72±0.77 µg/g) in kidney of Rana tigrina captured from industrial site and in R. tigrina captured from non-industrial site (28.10±27.02 µg/g). Similarly, 27.56±9.92 µg/g Cu was discovered in liver of R. tigrina captured from industrial site and...
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Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice fields. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the causal agent of BLB. Two BLB resistance genes, Xa21 and Xa7, were transferred into the susceptible indica cultivar Bacthom7 (BT7) by using marker-assisted selection with markers pTA248 for Xa21 and ID7 for Xa7. Improved BT7 lines carrying the two resistance genes were inoculated with...
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During cold season in Kashmir valley, the decomposition of municipal solid waste slows down due to slowing down of microbial activity as a result, the waste gets piled up and its management becomes a greater challenge. Psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria play an important role in the degradation of protenaceous materials of the waste stream under low temperatures that produces nitrogen sources for rapid functioning of...
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Holistic plant regeneration protocol from callus cultures of Salvia moorcroftiana, a medicinal herb
Salvia moorcroftiana is a medicinal herb of the family Lamiaceae. The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro protocol for the rapid propagation of this species. Organogenesis by means of callus culture was carried out on Murashige and Skoog medium by the transfer of callus from an induction medium supplemented with α-naphtalenacetic acid (NAA, 1.0 mg/L) to regeneration medium containing 6-benzyladenin (BA, 1.0...
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Antibacterial saponins from the leaves of Polyscias fulva (Araliaceae)
Saponins are a major family of secondary metabolites that occur in a wide range of plant species. Bioassay - guided fractionation of extract of the leaves of Polyscias fulva led to the isolation of three known saponins named, 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin (1), 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl]-hederagenin (2) and...
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