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The effects of biochar and sewage sludge application on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) yield and soil NO3- content were investigated in typical soils of Botswana (Luvisol, Cambisol) under field conditions. Ten treatments with 3 levels of biochar (0, 2.5, 5 tons ha-1) and sewage sludge (0, 6, 12 ton ha-1) were applied in 2 subsequent seasons. Significant (p < 0.05) yield increase on the Luvisol occurred if sewage sludge...
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Vegetatively propagated crops are exposed to pests every growing season, providing them with the opportunity to feed on the plants and transmit diseases. Meristem culture is an important method to clean for viruses to restore high yields. Media optimizations with different concentrations and combinations of 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) were tested for their effects on shoot initiation from...
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Resistance to conventional insecticides still constitutes a major obstacle to control of malaria vectors. Xenobiotic pollutants encountered by aquatic stages of natural populations of malarial vector species in agricultural and domestic environment often select for resistance to various insecticides. The laboratory Matatuine (MAT) and Kayamba (KGB) strains of Anopheles arabienwere subjected to controlled dosages of DDT for...
Genetic Characterization of Indigenous Tswana Pig Population Using Microsatellite Markers
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The indigenous Tswana pig is currently listed as an endangered animal genetic resource and if not conserved it might go extinct. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity (genetic characterization) of the indigenous Tswana pig population. Blood samples were collected from 30 randomly selected Tswana pigs in Kgatleng and South-East districts of Botswana for the assessment of genetic diversity using a...
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Late Embryogenesis Abundant protein (LEAP) family is a group of stress-induced hyper-hydrophilic proteins that accumulate in response to cellular dehydration. Herein, a comprehensive phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for LEAP in Poaceae was studied. The full-length LEAP sequences were aligned by Clustal Omega. Relatively short sequences of conserved blocks among each LEAP sequences were searched by the MEME suite....
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'Tafach Shenkora' and 'Kay Shenkora' sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) are the names assigned to sugarcane varieties with accession numbers Acc. 43 and Acc. 139, respectively. They were developed by Sugar Corporation, Research and Development and were registered and released in June 2019 by the National Variety Releasing Committee of Ethiopia to growers in three sugar estates in Ethiopia. 'Tafach Shenkora' and 'Kay...
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Non biodegradability of plastics has discouraged its use and hence alternative eco friendly polyhydroxybutyrates have gained popularity. The use of cost effective and easily available substrates in the production of polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) enhances its application and further reduces its cost and hence PHB can be efficiently used instead of plastics. The present work was performed to study the optimum production of...
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The main purpose of this study was to isolate lactobacillus from raw milk derived whey and to determine its potential use as probiotics. Fifteen samples of milk were obtained and tagged (LS1 to LS15) from a homogeneous group of Holstein cows and later at our laboratory the milk was processed to obtain whey, which was inoculated in MRS medium where we got 30 bacterial isolates and selected those who were bacilli gram...
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The Cotton Weevil is an insect that causes considerable losses to the cotton industry. Its larvae grow inside the cotton bolls, damaging them. It enters diapause during the winter and becomes active again in the first months of the year. Pheromone traps can be used to estimate their populations and implement control measures. This work analyzes samples of weevil populations collected in traps placed on mexican...
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Even detailed analysis of promoter region, motif and CpG islands in R. giardinii A3AY_RS01 genes studies is necessary to predict promoter and regulatory elements there is no previous promoter and regulatory element study report in R. giardinii A3AY_RS01 genes. For that reason this study was aimed to predict regulatory element of R. giardinii DNA-binding response regulator A3AY_RS01genes.Sixty eight percent (68%) of...
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The antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of fermented and non-fermented extracts of ‘the Korean shrub’ Dendropanax morbifera and sweet potato were compared to assess the potential utility of these species in the development of health-oriented food. Non-fermented extract (NFDSE) was obtained from the leaves and branches of D. morbifera and the bodies of sweet potato using distilled water. The fermented extract...
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The study evaluated developmental responses associated with plant population density stress applied at different phenological phases and effects on grain yield in determinate and indeterminate soybean (Glycine max L.). A split-split plot design with four replications, with variety (main plot), plant density (sub plot) and thinning time (sub-subplot) was adopted. Two determinate genotypes (Lukanga and SC Semeki) and an...
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PROLACTIN GENE IN JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
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This study was carried out to investigate the genetic diversity of prolactin gene (PRL gene) in Japanese quails using PCR-RFLP marker. One hundred and thirty nine quails were sampled for PRL loci analysis. DNA was extracted from the samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis was used to characterize a 24 base pair (bp) insertion/deletion in a 358 bp PCR product. Test for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were...
Phytoremediation: A general Review
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This paper makes a general review of phytoremediation emphasising a bit on phytoextraction, in terms of factors that affect it and possible enhancements of such factors for optimization. Phytoremediation is a diverse collection of plant-based technologies that are used to clean contaminants such as heavy metals and metalloids (HMs) from environments, especially soil and water bodies. HMs are toxic to most biota, but some...
Antifouling Activity of Amphiora anceps on Marine Diatoms: a Comparison with Copper Sulphate
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The search for environment-friendly and non-toxic antifouling paint components has led to the investigation of natural products from seaweeds. The defence metabolites utilized by seaweed to deter redundant epibiosis have potential for harnessing and use in antifouling applications. A search for new non toxic antifouling paints has been tested in collected seaweed such as Amphiora anceps. The seaweed was extracted with...
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Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) is a major threat, limiting the fiber yield in Gossypium hirsutum. Resistance (R) genes are present in G. arboreum against this virus but these R genes are yet not known. Some resistance gene analogs (RGAs) of nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeats (NBS-LRR) have been reported in G. hirsutum. In the present study, RGAs from G. hirsutum and ESTs predicted as cell surface receptor genes...
CANE YIELD AND JUICE VOLUME DETERMINES ETHANOL YIELD IN SWEET SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
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Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) contains fermentable sugars in the stem that can be converted to ethanol. The current study aimed at evaluating the performance of three sweet sorghum genotypes with five checks and contributes towards availing suitable sweet sorghum for industrial ethanol production. Field studies were carried out in Kenya at varied locations in a randomized complete block design with three...
Stabilization of corn oil by phenolic camellia oil cake extract during storage
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Camellia oil cake extracts was used as a source of phenolic compounds. Isopropanol, normal hexane and diethyl ether were evaluated as different solvents to extract these phenolic compounds which examined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The antioxidant potential of camellia oil cake extracts was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and results showed that the antioxidant activity strongly depend on the solvent....
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Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the efficacy of botanical insecticidal materials against a major insect pest of stored beans, Acanthoscelides obtectus. The materials employed by small scale farmers to reduce the problem of bean postharvest losses caused by A. obtectus were identified and collected from Dar es Salaam and also from Kimuli and Mabira villages in Kagera region in Tanzania. The materials...
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This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of The Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena Governorate during three successive winter seasons of 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to improve green pod yield/plant (g) of field pea. The breeding materials used in this study were F3, F4 and F5 generations of the two field pea crosses Alaska X Little Marvel (population 1) and Alaska X Dwarf Gray sugar...
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Opuntia ficus indica is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and dermal burns. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects caused by the Opuntia ficus indica aqueous extract on serum and lipid parameters in white male rabbits (initial mean weight 1.95 kg). Rabbits were divided into two groups (n=6), the first group represented the control group,...
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The aim of this research is to compare the potential of sweet potato and cocoyam peels (non-edible waste material) for bioethanol production using sequential monocultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and co-cultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Each sample was dried and ground; and was subjected to heat pretreatment. Direct fermentation of pretreated sweet potato and cocoyam peels...
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Breeding for durably resistant varieties is amongst the best strategies to exterminate the threat posed by stem rust race Ug99 of wheat. This race has continued to spread and ascertain itself as a danger to global wheat production and consequently food security. The continuous swift development of new DNA marker technologies has proved invaluable in breeding for durable rust resistance to stem rust race Ug99 and its...
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The phytochemical analysis of the male and female plant parts (leaves, flower and bark) of Carica papaya was investigated. The analysis revealed the presence of some plant bioactive components. There was a difference in the bio-active component of the male and female leaves, both leaves revealed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, phlobotanins, saponin, flavonoid, anthraquinones, phenol and cardiac glycosides. Terpenes,...
Comparison and optimization for DNA extraction of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
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The extraction of high-quality DNA from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is notoriously troublesome due to the high contents of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and different secondary metabolites. We have tested seven extraction buffers on silica dried okra leaves. Here, we describe a simple, rapid and modified procedure for high-quality DNA extraction from okra, which is amenable for downstream analyses. In contrast...
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There is an increased use of the Ficus capensis plant and concerns about safety alongside efficacy have been raised. The aim of this work is to study the total protein, bilirubin and Serum Liver Enzyme activities in Albino rats administered graded concentrations of ethanol extract of F. capensis leaf. Twenty-four albino rats were shared into four groups and different concentrations of the leaf extract were administered...
Evaluation of sugarbeet monogerm O-type lines for salinity tolerance at vegetative stage
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The increased production of sugar beet under rainfed conditions on saline–sodic soils in the Iranian areas highlights the importance of salt tolerant varieties. Screening of genotypes for salinity tolerance is difficult in field due to heterogeneity of physical and chemical properties of soil. In order to evaluate the salinity tolerance of 21 sugar beet monogerm O-types lines, a pot experiment was conducted using a split...
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Coconut oil has profound health benefits but the high content of fatty acids is a concern to many consumers, several processing methods have failed to produce oil with considerable change in fatty acid content. In this study, selected lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Enterococcus faecium were used to ferment coconut milk for production of virgin...
Yield coefficient for the growth of Pseudomonas sp. AQ5-04 at various concentrations of phenol
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Phenol is widely used by many industries in Malaysia, and it is one of the highly toxic environmental pollutants with levels exceeding the regulatory standard have been reported in Malaysia. A phenol-degrading bacterium; Pseudomonas sp. AQ5-04, a metabolically versatile xenobiotic-degrading bacterium, has been isolated from a local contaminated site. The bacterium was able to withstand a high concentration of phenol. This...
Article in Press
The performance of a hybrid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus (Yeast B) compared with an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast A) was studied. The two strains of yeasts: Yeast A obtained from the Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency Ogbomosho and Yeast B obtained from Scotch Whisky Research Laboratory in Edinburgh, Scotland (Strain 63M) were...
A novel method for DNA extraction from animal blood by adding bacterial lysozyme
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The DNA quality is one of the main conditioning factors for the individual identification. Therefore, appropriate methodologies are required for their extraction. A new DNA extraction method from sheep blood was implemented based on the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide method (CTAB 2%), 1) temperature changes, cell lysis and variation of washes (CTABM), and 2) addition of an incubation process with bacterial lysozyme...
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In Burkina Faso, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) sector plays a very important socio-economic role. However, its production is confronted to many constraints, among which the soil poverty in mineral elements such as nitrogen and available phosphorus resulting in an increase in the area of land that is sown for this crop and an increase in the use of chemical inputs. In addition, chemical inputs have shown their limits...
In vitro propagation of Polygonatum verticillatum All. -an important medicinal plant
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To overcome the limitations of traditional propagation, this research was initiated to develop an in vitro propagation protocol for Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. by using seeds as explants. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the most suitable concentration of growth regulators for callus induction and subsequent rhizome and shoot regeneration. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with Kn (8mg/l) in...
Sub-acute and chronic toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Azadirachta indica extract
Article in Press
In this study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and its toxicity were investigated. Different functional groups responsible for adsorption, morphology and absorption of the nanoparticle were characterized using UV-Vis, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses, respectively. The toxicity of orally administered A. indica AgNPs was assessed in Swiss albino...
Yield and Stability Analysis of Promising Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia
Article in Press
Nine mung bean genotypes were evaluated for grain yield performance at four locations in 2016 main cropping season. The experiment was arranged in 3x3 lattice design with three replicates. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) combined analysis of variance revealed that genotype, location and genotype x location interaction (GLI) significantly affected (p
Strain improvement of B. Parabrevis SR2729 for enhanced biodegradation of chlorpyrifos
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Chlorpyrifos (CP) is of major concern for researchers and its biological degradation has been routinely practiced. Organophosphate hydrolase (OPH) responsible for the degradation of the agent was hyper-produced by the exposure of parental strain (PS) to EthBr for 70 minutes. Out of hundreds, the mutant strain SR2729-B (MS) showed 2.6 times greater zone of hydrolysis of CP, with OPH activity of 2.4 folds greater as compared...
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This study aims at bringing to light the preservative potential of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Mentha piperita in the stabilisation of lipids against oxidation. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and chemical composition analysed by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry. In vitro antioxidant potentials of the essential oils were tested by the 2,...
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Tri-Phala residue (TR) was studied as a substrate for isoquercitrin and gallic acid productions by solid-state fermentation of A. niger in the packed bed bioreactor aerated at of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 vvm. The contents of biomass, isoquercitrin and gallic acid in the fermented TR along the height of the bioreactor were analyzed. The highest fungal growth rate was found on middle position in the SSF with 0.5 vvm aeration as...
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Aflatoxin contamination of poultry feeds in Nigeria is a common problem in most feed mills. A survey on the distribution of aflatoxin in feed mills from different parts of Nigeria was carried out. The aflatoxin concentration in most feed mills from the North-western part of Nigeria was low compared to the concentration in the feed mills from the South-eastern part. The total aflatoxin level in three Feed mills (B, C and D)...
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune disease, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Here we performed 16S sequencing on 30 samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls. We identified the presence of Prevotella copri as strongly correlated with disease in new-onset untreated rheumatoid arthritis (NORA) patients. Increases in Prevotella abundance correlated with a...
Article in Press
Developing high yielding cultivars with wider adaptability is the ultimate goal of any plant breeders. However, attaining this goal is complicated by genotype environment interaction. Sixteen cowpea lines including two standard checks were arranged in 4x4 triple lattice design and evaluated at seven locations for grain yield performance in 2016 main cropping season. Combined analysis of AMMI revealed that genotype,...
Qualitative Screening of Lipolytic Bacteria from Lipid–Rich Environmental Samples of Wolkite Town
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Abstract The majority of lipolytic enzymes in industrial use are currently attracting an enormous attention because of their bio-technological applications. Lipase producing bacteria were isolated from five fat containing soils of oil mills, abattoir, garage, Sewage and cafeteria and were grown on nutrient agar. In order to identify the best lipid producing bacteria, the bacterial strain were screened in tributyrin...
In-silico and in-vitro Toxicological Activities of the Biflavonoid Agathisflavone
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Agathisflavone presented antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial and neuroprotective properties in in-vitro and in-vivo assays. However, few investigations that describes the possible toxicological effects of agathisflavone. This investigation aimed to evaluate in-silico and in-vitro toxicity of this biflavonoid. In-silico biological activity spectrum, and toxic risks prediction were performed by means of computational...
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Molecular studies were carried out on two bacterial species isolated from iron ore mines of Agbaja in Kogi State, Nigeria. This is with a view to exploring their bioleaching potentials. Preliminary morphological and biochemical tests shows that the two bacteria strains belong to Acidithiobacillus and Leptospirillum species respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis conducted on the raw iron ore gave concentrations of iron to...
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Elucidation of mechanisms by which plants respond to stress is crucial for developing stress tolerant crops. Unlike plants, stress response mediated by eIF2α-kinases is well described in yeast and mammalian systems. We isolated a NaCl-tolerant mutant (JP2) with 35S enhancers upstream of AtGCN2. Under NaCl-stress, JP2 had 1.4 fold AtGCN2 transcripts than control. JP2 phenotype was however inconsistent, but prompted enquiry...
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This experiment was carried out at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Teaching and Research farm during the late and early planting seasons of 2016 and 2017 to determine the efficacy of Tephrosia vogelii F. and Annona squamosal L. extracts on major insect pests of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb.) and their effects on nutritional content and fatty acid compounds of watermelon. This experiment was arranged in a...
Molecular diversity assessment using sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers in maize
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Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and relationship among 11 inbred lines of maize (Zea mayL.) genotypes. Thirteen SRAP marker combinations were used out of which 11were found to be polymorphic with a PIC value of 0.632 discriminated all of the 11 Z. mays L. genotypes. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficients between pairs of genotypes were found to vary from 0.69...
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Echinopske bericho is an important endangered medicinal plant that is endemic to Ethiopia. The levels of genetic diversity and patterns of population structure in E. kebericho were studied using inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR). Six selected primers were used to amplify DNA samples from 70 individuals, and a total of 79 loci were detected. Our results showed that genetic diversity was high at the species level...
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This study was designed to evaluate the potentials of selected yeast species for bioelectricity generation. Different yeast species were isolated from cassava wastewater, whey wastewater, human urine, and rabbit dung using the spread plate method. These isolates were identified using analytical profile index (API). Results obtained revealed the identity of the isolated yeast species as Candida famata, Candida hellenical....
Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and toxicity of plant biostimulants
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The great expansion that in recent years has been in the use of plant biostimulants has underestimated the possibility of producing environmental risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and toxicity of three different biostimulants (widely marketed in Brazil and exported to other countries) – A, B and C - on both plant and animal indicator organisms. In A. cepa, the concentrations...
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