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Recent agriculture is characterized by intensive and cleaning productions, which need seeds with high quality in large quantities bonded by in vitro culture labs. Nevertheless in vitro ex vitro transition and during acclimatization occur losses due to the death of plantlets unable to survive this abiotic stress. Reactive Oxygen Species production during jasmonic acid-induced changes previous transition was demonstrated....
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This study evaluated the haematotoxic effects of Nevirapine and the role of Kolaviron, a potent antioxidant from Garcinia kola as an adjuvant. Forty eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into eight groups, A-H (with 6 rats per group). Group A animals received normal saline as the control; Group B were given Nevirapine (1.54 mg/kg); Group C received Kolaviron (200 mg/kg);...
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Propolis as natural additive: A systematic review
Propolis extract is a resin collected by the bees and contains numerous active substances with a recognized pharmaceutical potential use. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies with the use of propolis as a food additive and the microencapsulation technology for incorporation of the product in food. Studies in Portuguese, English and Spanish were identified from online databases, Lilacs,...
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Marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa associated with Pseudomonas fluorescens BCPBMS-1 was isolated from Madapam Coast, Tamil Nadu, India and screened for chitinase production. Chitinase was tested for its biocontrol activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Chitinase is an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing chitin, an insoluble polysaccharide present in the cell wall of higher fungi, insect gut walls and nematodes. Chitinase was...
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Resveratrol Inhibits Cell Viability and Proliferation via Apoptotic Pathways in Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is the most common female malignancy and the main cause of death from gynecological malignancies. Resveratrol (3,4,5 tri-hydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin and a polyphenolic compound present in human dietary material such as peanuts, mulberries, grapes and red wine. We demonstrated that resveratrol depressed the proliferation of HO8910PM cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in vitro (P <...
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Isolation of cellulase producing Aspergillus unguis UCSC324 and characterization of cellulase
Bioengineering of cellulolytic enzymes with enhanced catalytic efficiency and thermostability is important in the commercialization processes. This study describes the isolation of efficient cellulase producing fungi and determination of the kinetic properties of the crude cellulase. Among the fungal strains isolated from cow dung, hot rice water, water used in autoclave and decaying coconut wood, the strains growing on...
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Next-generation sequencing platforms for latest livestock reference genome assemblies
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) or high-throughput sequencing platforms refers different modern sequencing technologies that allow scientist to sequence millions to billions of reads (base pairs) in a single, much more quicker and cheaper cost than the previously used Sanger (first generation) sequencing method. Next-generation sequencing platforms classified as second generation sequencing platforms which require PCR...
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Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is an important staple food crop, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of West Africa. However, the genetic diversity of pearl millet in these regions is poorly understood, and yet it is useful in identification of landmarks for in situ germplasm conservation and breeding programs, particularly in establishment of heterotic groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the...
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For viral sanitation strategy in Tunisia, citrus accessions from Washington navel (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) variety were investigated for regeneration throughout direct and indirect in vitro organogenesis. In this study, either floral (style/stigma and ovaries) or vegetative organs (leaves, cotyledons, epicotyls and hypocotyls) were cultured into Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture media that were supplied with five different...
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Fingerprinting with molecular markers allows precise, specific and rapid variety identification. In this study, 13 out of 45 screened simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to fingerprint 27 rice varieties (22 are commercially released while five are suspected duplicates from the hands of marketers with different names) in Nigeria. The SSR primer pairs (13) were polymorphic and generated a total of 81 allele...
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Biotechnological tools for detection, identification and management of plant diseases
Detection and identification of plant pathogens is one of the most important strategies for sustainable plant diseases management. For this reason, the availability of fast, sensitive and accurate methods for detection and identification of plant pathogens is increasingly necessary to improve disease control decision making process. In other words, new technologies and improved methods with reduced/fair cost and improved...
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Genetic diversity of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) is essential for efficient breeding and improvement of its pomological traits and yield. In this research, simple sequence markers (SSRs) were used to determine the genetic diversity of 90 blackberry accessions collected from six different counties in Kenya. From 11 SSR markers used to genotype the blackberry accessions, a total of 127 alleles were generated....
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Ocimum lamiifolium is a well known medicinal plant in Ethiopia. Fresh leaves of the plant are squeezed and sniffed to treat colds and coughs and as an eye rinse for eye infections, while crushed leaves are used to arrest nose bleeding. In this study phytochemical investigation on the methanol extracts of this plant collected from Addis Ketema subcity, Addis Ababa resulted in the isolation of a triterpene, namely U
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These experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of thiourea on accumulation of osmoprotectants and antioxidants in the salt stressed maize roots and callus of maize hybrids. Medium supplementation of 400 µM thiourea was applied on two maize hybrids; 33M15 and DK6789. The maize hybrid 33M15 performed better than DK6789. Fifteen days older plants and immature embryo were subjected to medium supplemented with thiourea...
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Zinc biofortification of wheat as influenced by zinc fertilization
Zinc (Zn) fertilization is an effective agronomic tool for Zn biofortification of wheat to overcome Zn deficiency in humans. Zinc deficiency in humans caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem. Biofortification of wheat with Zn is, therefore, an important challenge and a high-priority research work. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted to explore the impact of soil and foliar Zn...
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Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat in Ethiopia. Poor knowledge of resistance genes deployed in Ethiopian wheat cultivars is one major factor for recurrent epidemics of rust diseases. Molecular marker based gene identification showed the presence of Yr1, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr10, Yr17 and Yr18 in various frequencies, whereas Yr8 was not detected in any...
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The performance of an aerobic three phase fluidized bed reactor for the treatment of surface water in the culture tanks effluent, and an anoxic-anaerobic reactor for the bottom effluent of the rearing tanks treatment is show in this study. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiency in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for intensive rainbow trout laboratory...
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Numerous studies have been conducted in rice to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with different agronomic traits. However, only a few of these studies have used interspecific mapping populations. Here, QTLs associated with tiller numbers, flowering time, plant height, and grain yield in an interspecific rice population were mapped. The population was evaluated under managed water-stressed (drought) and optimal...
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This experiment was aimed to detect garlic infecting virus for three improved garlic varieties (Bishoftu Nech, Tseday and Kuriftu) collected from different garlic production sites of Ethiopia. Garlic cloves were planted in screen house at Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub Nairobi, Kenya in 2014. Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (*RT-PCR) technique was...
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Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cowpea rhizobia from soils of Ethiopia
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cowpea rhizobia indigenous to soils of Ethiopia are unknown. Forty indigenous cowpea rhizobial isolates were collected from cowpea-growing areas of the country and were characterized for their growth and genetic properties. Based on their cultural characteristics, the isolates were categorized into fast (FG), slow (SG), and extraslow-growings (ESG). The FG, SG, and ESG isolates...
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In vitro propagation of the wild medicinal plant, caper (Capparis spinosa L.)
Micropropagation of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) was done using wild leaves from Libya. High percentage (95%) of callus induction was obtained from Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.2 mg l-1 2,4-D + maltose. The effect of various concentrations (0.0, 0.5. 1.0 and 2.0 mg l-1) of cytokines (BAP, 6-γ-γ-[Dimethylallylamino]-purine 2ip, Kin and Zea) supplemented with MS medium was evaluated for callus...
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Degradation kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic and atrazine by Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilát
The degradation kinetics of different sources of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) and atrazine by the natural strain Mo008 of the basidiomycete fungus Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilát was studied, knowing that in this process the strain used produces an enzyme complex composed of manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase, and the response on the global consumption rate and yield is dependent on the...
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Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain2 (NOD2) of the NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) of the TLRs are major pattern-recognition receptors. They sense different microbial pathogens and play important roles in innate immunity. Current in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that TLR4 and NOD2 act in anti-Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Herein, the cross-interaction between membrane-bound TLR4 and...
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Chemical Composition of Cyperus esculentus nut and Phoenix dactylifera fruit
This study investigated the chemical composition of Cyperus esculentus nut and Phoenix dactylifera fruit. The nuts and fruits were purchased as commonly sold in Wukari, Nigeria. They were cleaned, sorted for healthy parts, sun-dried and milled into fine powder. The AOAC, AAS and GC-MS methods were adopted for the proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis respectively. The results show that Cyperus esculentus nut is...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different storage conditions in market (ice box, glassy refrigerator, normal refrigerator without light (natural and electric power) and freezer) on alpha linolenic acid (ALA), a nutritional value of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To investigate the effect of storage duration on fatty acid quality, samples stored after 1, 3 and 5 days in refrigerator and those...
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One of the most significant challenges in biotechnology is technological utilization of self-assembled systems. Surface (S-) layer technology is advanced due to the intrinsic property of subunits to reassemble into two-dimensional arrays. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 composed of S-layer protein (SlpA) subunits which are organized into regular arrays. Herein, S-layer gene (slpA) of L. acidophilus was cloned in...
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Palynological studies in combination with conventional morphology have a significant role in solving problems relating to plant systematics. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a useful tool for palynological studies with increased accuracy and precision. The pollen size, shape and details of sculpturing of the exine are of taxonomic value. The main objective of the present study was to provide a detailed morphological...
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Characterisation of volatile compounds and flavour attributes of Lablab purpureus bean accessions
The Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) has potential of being an outstanding resource for human food and animal feed in tropical agricultural systems. The bean is however grossly underutilized due anti-nutritional factors, which may affect its nutritive value and organoleptic properties. In this study, twenty-four (24) lablab bean accessions were assayed for the volatile compounds and sensory flavor characteristics to...
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Merzouga Sand Dunes Actinobacteria: antimicrobial potential and taxonomic diversity
Merzouga sand dunes were among the Moroccan extreme environments. Actinobacteria from this under investigated desert habitat were isolated and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. One hundred sixty three Actinobacteria isolates were isolated from sand collected from several dunes and screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. To test the antimicrobial effect of isolates, four microorganisms known as...
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This study investigates the anti-diabetic and some hematological effects of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Eriosema psoraleoides in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Forty-eight (48) albino mice were used for the lethal dose (LD50) study, while twenty-eight (28) Wistar rats were used for the diabetic and haematological study. The result of the phytochemical analysis shows some important phytochemicals that could...
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Clausenidin upregulated p53 and caused apoptosis in HT-29 tumor cell lines
Introduction: Clausenidin is a pyranocoumarin majorly found in medicinal herbs of the Rutaceae family used to treat cancer patients locally in Asia. The compound is presumed to have anti-cancer cell effect but its exact mechanism of action is still unknown. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of pure clausenidin on p53-mediated apoptosis as well as other cell death pathways in colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines....
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Echinops kebericho (Mesfin)isthe most important and critically endangered endemic Ethiopian medicinal plant. This plant is threatened due to over harvesting of its roots for medicinal purpose, and from seed viability and seed germination problem. The aim of this research was to build up an efficient in vitro propagation protocol for E. kebericho using shoot tip explants. Shoots excised from in vitro germinated seedlings...
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This study presents the development of phage mediated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor for the detection of Escherichia coli. Bacteriophage is very specific to host bacterial cell also known as parasite for bacteria. The Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) is a very sensitive device that measures a mass change per unit area by measuring the change in resonant frequency of a quartz crystal. A...
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Callogenesis is one of the tools in sugarcane tissue culture for generating agronomically significant variation. Tissue culture derived variations are known as somaclonal variation. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of MS media supplemented with 1.0 mgL-1 of NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mgL-1 of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) on somaclonal variation in in vitro...
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Biodegradation of crude oil by Bacillus species isolated from different sources
The consequences of oil pollution to the environment and human health as a result of exploration activities, transportation and usage of petroleum compounds, has become a serious challenge to environmental scientists. This study evaluates the potential of using Bacillus subtilis in biodegradation of petroleum compounds. Ten Bacillus strains from non-petroleum contaminated sites were identified on the basis of microscopy...
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Analytical quantification of copper in frogs (Rana tigrina) found from various aquatic habitats
This study focused on the quantitative determination of Cu metal in various physical parts of frogs by using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry technique). Cu was measured (2.72±0.77 µg/g) in kidney of Rana tigrina captured from industrial site and in R. tigrina captured from non-industrial site (28.10±27.02 µg/g). Similarly, 27.56±9.92 µg/g Cu was discovered in liver of R. tigrina captured from industrial site and...
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Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice fields. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the causal agent of BLB. Two BLB resistance genes, Xa21 and Xa7, were transferred into the susceptible indica cultivar Bacthom7 (BT7) by using marker-assisted selection with markers pTA248 for Xa21 and ID7 for Xa7. Improved BT7 lines carrying the two resistance genes were inoculated with...
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During cold season in Kashmir valley, the decomposition of municipal solid waste slows down due to slowing down of microbial activity as a result, the waste gets piled up and its management becomes a greater challenge. Psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria play an important role in the degradation of protenaceous materials of the waste stream under low temperatures that produces nitrogen sources for rapid functioning of...
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Holistic plant regeneration protocol from callus cultures of Salvia moorcroftiana, a medicinal herb
Salvia moorcroftiana is a medicinal herb of the family Lamiaceae. The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro protocol for the rapid propagation of this species. Organogenesis by means of callus culture was carried out on Murashige and Skoog medium by the transfer of callus from an induction medium supplemented with α-naphtalenacetic acid (NAA, 1.0 mg/L) to regeneration medium containing 6-benzyladenin (BA, 1.0...
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This study was conducted to assess the ability of sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) inoculated with Pseudomonas species to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals (lead and zinc). The contaminants were added to 20 kg soil in pots as lead nitrate (Pb (NO3)2) and zinc nitrate (Zn (NO3)2); 400 mg/l metal concentrations were added to 20 kg soil in pots. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design...
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Antibacterial saponins from the leaves of Polyscias fulva (Araliaceae)
Saponins are a major family of secondary metabolites that occur in a wide range of plant species. Bioassay - guided fractionation of extract of the leaves of Polyscias fulva led to the isolation of three known saponins named, 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin (1), 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl]-hederagenin (2) and...
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A field experiment was conducted to study the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for 12 quantitative characters in chili (Capsicum annum L.) accessions in Ethiopia, during the off-season period of 2012/2013 under flood irrigation at the Adet Agricultural Research Centre field. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and a total of 25 accessions and four...
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This study determined the effects of temperature and time on oil extraction from indigenous freshwater microalgae: Dictyosphaerium, Chlorella, Desmodesmus and Cosmarium species, cultured in 15 2-L column photobioreactors (PBR) (three per species). Growth and specific growth rates for the mixotrophic>autotrophic cultivation of the species were determined. Oil was extracted from the dried microalgae species at temperatures...
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The levels of some heavy metals in mature fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) grown at Fodugora Farm, Weliso Town (Ethiopia) with Ribu River effluent water, used for its irrigation, have been determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopic (FAAS) technique. Whereas, the levels of Fe, Zn and Pb in tomato fruits were: 34.05, 4.05, and 1.32 mg/L respectively, their concentrations in the river effluent water...
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Penicillium expansum is one of the most important postharvest pathogens of apple fruit worldwide. It causes blue mold decay, one of the important economical diseases of apple fruits and it is the main producer of patulin. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the aggressiveness and patulin production of an isolated strain from apples produced in the East of Algeria. The strain was isolated, screened for its...
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Trypanosoma evansi is the most widespread of the pathogenic salivarian trypanosomes and cause a serious disease called surra that affects domestic animals such as camels and horses in tropical and subtropical countries and often leads to reduced productivity and economic losses. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence rates of trypanosomiasis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...
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Three processes were used for the extraction of total phenol and total flavonoid contents of Anacardium occidentale L. and to determine its antioxidant activity. Whatever the extraction process was, the total flavonoid and total phenol contents were of the same order. With the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), 666.07 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry matter (DM) of total phenol content was obtained from the stem...
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The genetic diversity and relationships of 70 accessions of yam belonging to Dioscorea cayenensis/Dioscorea rotundata complex (55), Dioscorea bulbifera (13) and Dioscorea alata (2, as a reference) were assessed using six inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. DNA was extracted from a bulk of two plants per accession using a modified cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Six ISSR primers amplified 77...
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The objective of this study was the analysis of the secondary metabolite products and evaluation of antibacterial activity of Aspergillus flavus. Bioactives are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Thirty one bioactive compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of A. flavus. The identification of bioactive chemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time, molecular...
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Twenty yellow-, red- and purple-kernel maize accessions were collected from three geographic regions in Ghana for the study. The objective was to determine the presence of opaque -2 gene and -carotene content of the grains as a means of assessing nutritional quality. Variability in -carotene content was determined by HPLC while presence of opaque 2-gene was determined by a light box. Significant variations were found in...
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