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Contact activities of Piper guineense(Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum( L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts in the control of Dermestes maculatus larvae infesting stored fish (Clarias gariepinus) was investigated under laboratory condition (28 ±3oC and 65± 5% R,H.). The extracts were tested by application of 2.0µL each to ten third instars larvae using micro pipette at a concentration of 6.00, 10.00 and 20.00%...
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Hexavalent Cr is most toxic metal and hazardous compound worldwide. It is also considered to be cellular oxidizing pollutant causing damage, mutagenic and hematopoietic effects to living systems. Present work is focused on synthesis of zero valent iron nano particles (Fe-NPs) using Bacillus subtilis SHB 13, Achromobacter xylosoxidans SHB 204 and Surfactin and their application for Cr (VI) detoxification (100 ppm) in...
Quantitative Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Adansonia digitata leaves and stem extract
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The objective of this study was to examine the phytochemical properties of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) stems and leaves. The dried powder of leaves and stem extract were analyzed for the presence or absence of different phytochemicals, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, etc. The quantitative analysis revealed that the leaves and stem of A. digitata are rich in total phenols, alkaloids,...
Bioactive Compounds from Hagenia abyssinica with Activity against Bean Pathogenic Bacteria
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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major food crop in Africa and its production is plagued by diseases that reduce the potential yield, thus threatening food security. This study evaluated compounds from Hagenia abyssinica for bioactivity against bean bacterial pathogens Xanthomonus axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Pseudomonus savastanoi pv. phaseolicola. One triterpenoid, 1,3,19-trihydroxy-2-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid (1)...
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Background: Detarium microcarpum is a forest plant widely used in West Africa. However, it’s little known and used for food. This study aims to assess the beneficial effect of incorporating the pulp of the fruit of Detarium microcarpum on the quality of the traditional malt-based drinks. Thus, the objective was to produce traditional drinks based on composite flour of Detarium microcarpum pulp and malt, then to...
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Cactus pear (opuntia ficus-indica) is adapted to many parts of Northern Ethiopia. Cactus pear has now become an integral part of the culture and economy of Northern Ethiopia especially for the Tigray people. The cladodes are used as livestock feed and are planted for soil and water conservation purposes. Cactus in northern Ethiopia is an endangered plant due to the attack by cochineal scale insect (dactylopius coccus)....
Current status of molecular tools development for cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] improvement
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Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a popular tropical grain legume which is widely produced and consumed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The grains are rich in dietary protein for human while the haulm is high quality fodder for livestock particularly ruminants. Compared with many other crops cowpea is a laggard in development, evaluation and deployment of different molecular markers for use in genetics and breeding....
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Tannase Producing Fungi from Soil
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The study was conducted to isolate and identify tannase producing fungi from soil. Soil samples were collected aseptically and cultured on tannic acid agar (TAA) to screen for tannic acid hydrolysis. The observed isolates were sub-cultured to obtain pure culture and were later subjected to secondary screening in the Czapek medium. The biomass weight, tannase activity, and gallic acid concentration in the fermentation broth...
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Dekoko is a marginalized, but economically important and endemic cool - season legume crop in Ethiopia. However, the molecular characterization of this crop has not been carried out regardless of its importance as source of protein for the rural poor in Ethiopia. This study is therefore aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 83 Dekoko accessions collected from north Ethiopia. Three plants...
An overview of proteolytic enzymes and determination of protein content in the proteinous sample
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The world environment is changing by the socio economic factors. Most of this occurs by using chemical in industries. Digestive enzymes plays a great role in breakdown of macromolecules into micro molecules Protease also called proteinase or peptidase is a digestive enzyme that categorized under proteolytic enzymes and replaces these chemicals in industry. Protease categorized into different classes based on different...
Fermented Bamboo Shoot Health Benefits and Applications
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The term "bamboo" conjures up images of "a hollow stick," and it aids more health benefits. Mainly the tribes of northeast India ferment these nutritious bamboo shoots. Fermentation is a biotechnological process that has been used to preserve food for centuries. Fermented bamboo shoots caters a home and benefits for a variety of microorganisms. To highlight a few benefits these magical shoots are probiotic, anti-oxidant,...
Phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity of Epipremnum aureum
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Objective: The study was primarily carried out to assess the phytochemical contents present in the leaf of E. aureum. Herein, biochemical characterization vis-à-vis antioxidant potential and antiproliferative activity on cancer cell lines is experimented too. Methods: Healthy leaves of E. aureum after authentication were evaluated in vitro for phytochemical, antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. Various non-enzymatic...
Identification of Antagonistic Bacterium Strain and Biocontrol Effects on Ginseng Root Rot Disease
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From healthy mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves, 45 endophytic bacteria strains were isolated. Antagonistic bacterium strain FS17 was screened with the confront culture method, and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological characteristic and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Growth rate method was used to determine that the fermentation broth of FS17 had inhibitory effect on 10 plant pathogenic fungi, and the...
Comparative physiological studies of parental and fusant protoplasts culture of Volvariella volvacea
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Very little information is available in the physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of Volvariella volvacea. The current study was carried out to understand the effect of different macro- and microelements and vitamins on the mycelial growth and yield of protein by the mycelia of parental and fusant protoplasts strain of V. volvacea. The method adopted in this experiment was to study the additive and deficient...
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Cotton is grown in about 101 countries with about 10 countries including China contributing highest quantity. Africa contributes less than 5% to the global demand for cotton. Processing of cotton generate so many businesses for the rural people of China and Africa. Like other cotton producing continents, the majorly cultivated species of cotton in China and Africa is Gossypium hirsutisms Gh (Upland Cotton) and is mostly...
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Application of DNA fingerprint is the method which permits documentation of genetic material with high accuracy and permanency as it is not predisposed by environment, epistatic interactions and other factors. Seed quality and purity are the important key aspects to be maintained in seed multiplication and production to enhance yield and productivity. The aim of this study was to assess genetic purity of yellow bean...
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Six wild populations of Nitraria retusa growing in Tunisia (Mehdia, Mtorech, Kataena, Matmata, Bechima, and Tataouine) were evaluated for their mineral contents, phytochemical composition, phenols content and antioxidants activity. The preliminary phytochemical composition revealed the presence of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, sterols terpenes and free quinones. Analysis of mineral composition showed the poverty...
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Chitin has already found applications in various products that have reached the market. The industrial production and usage of chitin have been gradually increasing since the 1970’s. The worldwide chitin production is estimated at approximately 1010 -1012 tons per annum. The major applications of chitin and chitosan are focused on water treatment, food processing and metal ion chelation. Chitin and its derivatives are...
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Background: Hypertension is a common debilitating illness among people in both developed and developing countries. This study investigated the effect and possible mechanism of the antihypertensive activity of lycopene-rich extract of Solanum lycopersicon (LRESL) on Wistar rats. Methods: Sixty (60) hypertensive Wistar rats were divided into seven experimental groups viz: Group A served as a normotensive group and received...
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Common bean is a tropical diploid (2n = 22), self-pollinating crop, and a member of the fabaceae family which is most important food legume rich in cheap and easily affordable protein, minerals, vitamins, and essential amino acids. Large Red mottled common bean genotypes were one of the known categories of common bean genotypes with increasing market and home consumption demand in west Oromia. Multi-environmental...
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Lignocellulosic biomass is applauded to be the cheapest resource for second generation biofuels. However, the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass is quiet challenging due to the complexity in structure. The study investigated the saccharification potential of in-house enzymes produced from a white-rot basidiomycete strain, Polyporus ciliatus CBS 366.74 on a lignocellulosic biomass such as pretreated corn stover. The...
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Soybean is a peculiar crop due to its photoperiod sensitivity. The introduction of this crop to a new production region requires a detailed study of its adaptability to select the best genotypes with high production stability for the region. In Mozambique, the demand for soybean grain has been growing. However, national production is low due to little knowledge of the performance of genotypes. The objective of this study...
Genetic characterisation of Colophospermum mopane and its ecotypes using RAPD analysis
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Colophospermum mopane and its ecotypes are currently recognized on morphological and physiological characters. To add to the suite of taxonomic characters, the genetic variability of C. mopane (sensu stricto) and its ecotypes were investigated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. DNA was extracted from young and mature leaves using the CTAB method. Twenty random primers were tested for their suitability and...
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AFLP markers were used for evaluating genetic diversity, population substructure, species relationships, and gene flow among eighty-five accessions belonging to the mungo-radiata group of section Ceratotropis of subgenus Ceratotropis of genus Vigna. Twelve preselected AFLP primers generated 1869 polymorphic amplification products. The number of fragments for each primer pair ranged from 44 to 296, showing 100%...
Multi-location Study of Six-Rowed Barley Lines for Malt Quality
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In Ethiopia, both two- and six-rowed barleys can grow in the highlands. However, the country is not self-sufficient in barley malt, and it depends on imports from different overseas countries. Little effort has been made in two-rowed malt barley variety release and production to overcome the low malt barley supply. So far, the lack of six-rowed barley varieties with good malt quality is a gap in malt barley research in...
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This study investigates the pretreatments and drying method effects on white yam’s physicochemical, microbial, and sensory qualities. The fresh tubers were washed, (equally) uniformly sliced, pretreated, dried, and processed into flours. The flours were evaluated for physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties using standard methods. The results showed that all physicochemical parameters examined were significantly (p
A review of traditional fermented foods and beverages of the Democratic Republic of Congo
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Several traditional fermented foods and beverages are produced at the household level in the Democratic Republic of Congo. These include fermented cereal-based porridges from sorghum or eleusine ( musululu ), from corn (mandrakwa and Munkoyo); fermented cereal-based foods (bakinde), fermented milk products (mashanza and kivuguto), fermented root-based foods (kwanga, lobe, tshomba tshia kabiola, tshomba tsha mbenzu,...
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Development of the multiple antibiotic resistance is the major cause of clinical infections world wide and has been increasing. This study determined the pattern of bacterial multiple antibiotic resistance in hospital sewage samples obtained from Marathwada region of India. The present study had used 48 isolates of bacteria obtained from 6 different locations of Aurangabad, Marathwada India. Antibiotic sensitivity test...
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The water-uptake pattern of Tiger-nut (Cypecus esculentus) yellow variety was determined at 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50oC during soaking for 0 - 96 hours. Also, the microbial load of the soak water at the point of full turgidity of soaked tiger nut at temperatures of 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50oC was were also determined. The hydration curves obtained showed shows that most of the moisture uptake took place within the first 24 hours,...
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Background: Little research effort is directed towards addressing the controversies surrounding the effects on caffeine on humans. Its increasing consumption and industrial application is why researches need to be geared up in this area. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of Myristica fragrans following concomitant oral administration of caffeine using histopathological, histochemical and biochemical...
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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a cereal crop of family Poaceae, is believed to be originated in Ethiopia and Sudan. It is an important food security crop mainly in semi-arid and tropical parts of the African countries. Although many morphological and molecular diversity studies reveal the existence of genetic variations with sorghum populations, their distribution within basic races were not considered. Hence, the...
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Essential oil compounds of Croton pseudopulchellus and Croton gratissimus were analysed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometry and screened for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus pimitus (ATCC 29212), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10702) Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 3983), Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 4983), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 2983) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 19582) using...
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Jatropha is a drought-tolerant plant producing seed oil for the biodiesel. Limitation to the development of jatropha is unavailability of high-yielding varieties and efficient in vitro regeneration system which is required for micropropagation. In this study, in vitro regeneration system from jatropha juvenile cotyledon was established. Firstly, concentrations of hormones in the MS medium were optimized and it was found...
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Biological and nutritional stressors can compromise the welfare of birds. These are due to changes in the normal levels of biochemical and physiological parameters of the birds which can be measured at different loci to determine the severity of the stresses. This study evaluated the haematological and biochemical traits as stress indicators in three genetic strains of broilers (Arbor Acre, Cobb-500, Marshall) reared at...
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Industrialization in the Niger delta region of southern Nigeria has resulted in excessive discharge of industrial wastes, especially oil spillage. Farming in this region has declined and cotton farming has not survived there due to this menace. Phytoremediation an emerging green technology has been adopted for the revitalization of farming in polluted sites and has been integrated towards solving this challenge. Many...
Survival rate of donkey foals: status quo and improvement methods
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The industrial improvement of donkey-hide gelatin and the development of related products, such as donkey meat, donkey milk, and donkey-hide gelatin cake, drive the upstream donkey breeding industry. However, the shortage of donkey germplasm resources seriously restricts the further development of the donkey industry. Under the biological limitations of long breeding cycle, slow breeding, low conception rate, high abortion...
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The present research was undertaken to identify the bioactive compounds present in two varieties of Mucuna pruriens var utilis: (IIHR Selection 3 and Arka Dhanvantari) and their pharmaceutical importance evaluated through phytochemical and in-silico screening. The phytochemical screening of the leaf and seed extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, terpenoids, reducing sugars,...
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Hormesis is a biphasic dose (concentration)-response phenomenon characterized by low dose stimulatory and high dose inhibitory effects exerted by stressors on living organisms. Recently, there has been increased interest in the phenomenon and statistical models for its exploration in toxicological studies. The bilogistic model of Beckon et al. (2005) is one of such models for modeling biphasic dose-response relationships...
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Callistemon citrinus is a plant that is native to Australia. It is also known as Callistemon lanceolatus or Melalenca citrina. In South Africa, this plant is grown as an ornamental and invasive species. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of 3 concentrations (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of methanolic leaf extracts of C. lanceolatus on male Wistar rats. The experiments correlated significantly...
Advances on the application of non-coding RNA in crop improvement
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Thanks to committed plant breeding researchers over the few decades, many problems associated with food supply and qualities have been improved. Food security is an exceptionally serious worldwide issue via world climate change, the increase in human population, and the use of plants for bioethanol production in current years. Improved tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress, resistance to herbicides, improved yield, and...
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Chickpea is an economically important crop grown by nearly one million Ethiopian smallholder farmers. The crop is often considered as “stress-loving”, but moisture stress at critical growth stages could be detrimental. Yield of chickpea is commonly affected by terminal drought stress in the rainfed production system in Ethiopia. The lack of proper field-screening methods has hindered the development of drought tolerant...
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Chitin deacetylases are enzymes responsible for structuring chitin of chitin-producing organisms. Chitin deacetylases are well studied in fungi and bacteria, but the canonical structure was just recently characterized for an insect, the silk moth Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) (PDB: 5ZNT; 5ZNS). The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a polyphagous insect that causes severe loses in agriculture every...
The Determination of Chemical Composition in Some Vinegars and Compliance with Food Legislation
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This paper covers that the six different brand sold (genuine-organic-synthetic apples and grapes) in Turkey and spontaneous fermentation vinegars produced with seven fruits (apple, white and red grapes, mandarin, pear, carrot, melon) in the laboratory had been analysed according to pH value, acidity, density, the amount of dry matter, color measurement, the ash content and the water activity. The aim of the study was to...
TrichoPlus (Trichoderma asperellum) as a promoter of vegetative growth in soybeans
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Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are found naturally in the soil and used as an active ingredient in biofungicides and also have activity as promoters of plant growth. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the product TrichoPlus, containing Trichoderma asperellum as a promoter of soybean plant growth. Four independent experiments were carried out, in different periods between 2019 and 2020. The experiments were...
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The role of bioengineering in industrial processes cannot be ignored, especially in circumstances where the processes are uneconomical, demand high energy, use finite resources and emit huge amounts of carbon dioxide. Ethylene is a two-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon that is industry's most important building block for polyester fibres, plastics, and ethylene glycol. For decades, ethylene production has relied on...
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Narrow genetic base, information on the genetic variation, early maturing and drought tolerant sorghum genotypes are the most important limiting factors for sorghum yield improvement under moisture stress areas. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to quantify the genetic variation available among sorghum genotypes for drought tolerance related traits. A total of 42 sorghum genotypes were evaluated using alpha lattice...
IN-VITRO PROPAGATION OF VCF 0517 SUGARCANE VARIETY USING MERISTEM CULTURE.
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VCF 0517 is newly released sugarcane variety in India which is high yielding, high tillering, better quality, suitable for wide row planting, high jaggery yield and quality and good rationing ability. The objective of this study was to evaluate conditions required for the in vitro propagation of VCF 0517 sugarcane genotype. Callus regeneration was done using meristem explant on MS + 2,4-D (0-5mgL-1) media to determine most...
A SURVEY OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS IN NAMIBIA SUPERMARKETS
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The present study was carried out to survey genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in foods and feeds found in local supermarkets in Namibia. Little is known of the presence and prevalence of GMOs in the local supermarkets or information available on the labelling provided on some. The aim was to verify the presence of GMO’s in the foods and feeds using molecular extraction and screening methodologies. Nine samples (5...
Distribution of Mutations in G-6-PD Gene. A Review.
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Exploring molecular techniques to unwind possible mutations in the exons, introns and promoter regions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) gene is indispensable. Such information would improve neonatal health and haemolytic diseases including malaria control especially in malaria-endemic areas as the severity of these diseases is associated with the type of molecular variants. G-6-PD deficiency literature was...
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Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme, which is prominently found in all parts of a pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). It has found immense applications in the pharmaceutical industry as well as the food, cosmetic, and leather industries. However, bromelain from the pineapple fruit peels is a less explored source for making valuable products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential application of...
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