Article in Press
The aim of the research was to investigate the antibacterial activities and the phytochemical properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Mango (Mangifera indica) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, on clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C, in Lafia, Nigeria. The agar well diffusion technique was used and the analyses were done in triplicates. At the highest aqueous and ethanolic...
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The study investigated the effect of 10% aqueous extracts of ginger, garlic and onion on the quality and shelf life of frozen chevon and pork as reflected by changes in values of 2-thiobartituric Acid Reactive Substances (2-TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) over a 14 day storage under frozen conditions. The pH, 2-TBARS and TVB-N of chevon and pork were measured from frozen storage at -20 oC after 14 days....
Spatiotemporal catalogue of wild Auricularia species found in the forest of Southwest, Nigeria
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The African forest, which was and still is the heart of biodiversity, is fast losing its bio-components due to natural disasters and human encroachment. A catalogue of the bio-components of the African forest is imminent so that conservation programs can be established to safeguard rare germplasm(s) from extinction. The population density of wild Auricularia (Mushroom) of Southwestern Nigeria was the focus of this...
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Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai is a deciduous shrub that belongs to Oleaceae Abeliophyllum and grows only in Korea. In this study, we compared the antioxidative activity, cytotoxicity, anti-aging activity, and levels of acteoside and isoacteoside between non-fermented and fermented (using Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis) extracts of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai. The cytotoxicity of these extracts, along...
The Role of N-terminal module of PhyB in modulating root and hypocotyls growth length in Arabidopsis
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Phytochrome belongs to red/far-red light family of photoreceptors. It exists in two spectral forms named red light absorbing form (Pr), said to be the inactive form and far-red light absorbing form (Pfr) which is the active form. This photoreceptor is structurally divided into two modules- the amino acid (N-) terminal photosensory module and caboxylic acid (C-) terminal His kinase-like catalytic output module. Five...
Microbial diversity in the hypersaline aquatic environments of the Danakil Depression, Ethiopia
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The relationship of organisms to their environment is revealed by decoding genomes of organisms living in extreme environments. These genomes disclose new biological mechanisms that enable life outside moderate environmental conditions, new gene functions for application in biotechnology, and may even result in identification of new species. In this study, we have collected aquatic samples from two sites in the Danakil...
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiological performance of heat stressed growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with vitamin anti-oxidants and bicarbonate buffers. A total of thirty (30) growing rabbits (New Zealand White crosses) of two months old were used in this study. There were six (6) rabbits per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment groups consisted of: Control, Sodium...
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Essential oil compounds of Croton pseudopulchellus and Croton gratissimus were analysed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometry and screened for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus pimitus (ATCC 29212), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10702) Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 3983), Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 4983), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 2983) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 19582) using...
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Jatropha is a drought-tolerant plant producing seed oil for the biodiesel. Limitation to the development of jatropha is unavailability of high-yielding varieties and efficient in vitro regeneration system which is required for micropropagation. In this study, in vitro regeneration system from jatropha juvenile cotyledon was established. Firstly, concentrations of hormones in the MS medium were optimized and it was found...
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Biological and nutritional stressors can compromise the welfare of birds. These are due to changes in the normal levels of biochemical and physiological parameters of the birds which can be measured at different loci to determine the severity of the stresses. This study evaluated the haematological and biochemical traits as stress indicators in three genetic strains of broilers (Arbor Acre, Cobb-500, Marshall) reared at...
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Industrialization in the Niger delta region of southern Nigeria has resulted in excessive discharge of industrial wastes, especially oil spillage. Farming in this region has declined and cotton farming has not survived there due to this menace. Phytoremediation an emerging green technology has been adopted for the revitalization of farming in polluted sites and has been integrated towards solving this challenge. Many...
Survival rate of donkey foals: status quo and improvement methods
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The industrial improvement of donkey-hide gelatin and the development of related products, such as donkey meat, donkey milk, and donkey-hide gelatin cake, drive the upstream donkey breeding industry. However, the shortage of donkey germplasm resources seriously restricts the further development of the donkey industry. Under the biological limitations of long breeding cycle, slow breeding, low conception rate, high abortion...
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The present research was undertaken to identify the bioactive compounds present in two varieties of Mucuna pruriens var utilis: (IIHR Selection 3 and Arka Dhanvantari) and their pharmaceutical importance evaluated through phytochemical and in-silico screening. The phytochemical screening of the leaf and seed extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, terpenoids, reducing sugars,...
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Hormesis is a biphasic dose (concentration)-response phenomenon characterized by low dose stimulatory and high dose inhibitory effects exerted by stressors on living organisms. Recently, there has been increased interest in the phenomenon and statistical models for its exploration in toxicological studies. The bilogistic model of Beckon et al. (2005) is one of such models for modeling biphasic dose-response relationships...
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Callistemon citrinus is a plant that is native to Australia. It is also known as Callistemon lanceolatus or Melalenca citrina. In South Africa, this plant is grown as an ornamental and invasive species. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of 3 concentrations (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of methanolic leaf extracts of C. lanceolatus on male Wistar rats. The experiments correlated significantly...
Advances on the application of non-coding RNA in crop improvement
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Thanks to committed plant breeding researchers over the few decades, many problems associated with food supply and qualities have been improved. Food security is an exceptionally serious worldwide issue via world climate change, the increase in human population, and the use of plants for bioethanol production in current years. Improved tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress, resistance to herbicides, improved yield, and...
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Chickpea is an economically important crop grown by nearly one million Ethiopian smallholder farmers. The crop is often considered as “stress-loving”, but moisture stress at critical growth stages could be detrimental. Yield of chickpea is commonly affected by terminal drought stress in the rainfed production system in Ethiopia. The lack of proper field-screening methods has hindered the development of drought tolerant...
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are organisms that can establish symbioses with 80% of terrestrial plants. Soils were collected in three agroecological zones (AEZ) of the Central African Republic (CAR). The aim of this research is to study the diversity of AMF in the CAR. The spore extraction and enumeration, granulometric and physicochemical analyses of each soil were performed. The results showed that AEZ3 has a large...
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Chitin deacetylases are enzymes responsible for structuring chitin of chitin-producing organisms. Chitin deacetylases are well studied in fungi and bacteria, but the canonical structure was just recently characterized for an insect, the silk moth Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) (PDB: 5ZNT; 5ZNS). The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a polyphagous insect that causes severe loses in agriculture every...
Improving the viral resistance in potato by classical and molecular breeding methods: A review
Article in Press
Potato is a versatile crop, and it has owned one of the richest gene pools of any other cultivated plants. However, numerous biotic agents influence the crop, resulting in variable degrees of yield loss in both quantity and quality for growers. There are more than 40 different virus diseases infecting potatoes worldwide. The most detrimental major potato viruses are potato virus Y, potato leafroll virus, potato virus A,...
The Determination of Chemical Composition in Some Vinegars and Compliance with Food Legislation
Article in Press
This paper covers that the six different brand sold (genuine-organic-synthetic apples and grapes) in Turkey and spontaneous fermentation vinegars produced with seven fruits (apple, white and red grapes, mandarin, pear, carrot, melon) in the laboratory had been analysed according to pH value, acidity, density, the amount of dry matter, color measurement, the ash content and the water activity. The aim of the study was to...
TrichoPlus (Trichoderma asperellum) as a promoter of vegetative growth in soybeans
Article in Press
Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are found naturally in the soil and used as an active ingredient in biofungicides and also have activity as promoters of plant growth. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the product TrichoPlus, containing Trichoderma asperellum as a promoter of soybean plant growth. Four independent experiments were carried out, in different periods between 2019 and 2020. The experiments were...
Article in Press
The role of bioengineering in industrial processes cannot be ignored, especially in circumstances where the processes are uneconomical, demand high energy, use finite resources and emit huge amounts of carbon dioxide. Ethylene is a two-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon that is industry's most important building block for polyester fibres, plastics, and ethylene glycol. For decades, ethylene production has relied on...
Article in Press
Narrow genetic base, information on the genetic variation, early maturing and drought tolerant sorghum genotypes are the most important limiting factors for sorghum yield improvement under moisture stress areas. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to quantify the genetic variation available among sorghum genotypes for drought tolerance related traits. A total of 42 sorghum genotypes were evaluated using alpha lattice...
IN-VITRO PROPAGATION OF VCF 0517 SUGARCANE VARIETY USING MERISTEM CULTURE.
Article in Press
VCF 0517 is newly released sugarcane variety in India which is high yielding, high tillering, better quality, suitable for wide row planting, high jaggery yield and quality and good rationing ability. The objective of this study was to evaluate conditions required for the in vitro propagation of VCF 0517 sugarcane genotype. Callus regeneration was done using meristem explant on MS + 2,4-D (0-5mgL-1) media to determine most...
A SURVEY OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS IN NAMIBIA SUPERMARKETS
Article in Press
The present study was carried out to survey genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in foods and feeds found in local supermarkets in Namibia. Little is known of the presence and prevalence of GMOs in the local supermarkets or information available on the labelling provided on some. The aim was to verify the presence of GMO’s in the foods and feeds using molecular extraction and screening methodologies. Nine samples (5...
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Vangueria infausta (Burch) subsp. rotundata (Robyns) and Berchemia discolor (Klotzsch) Hemsl are drought tolerant multipurpose fruit trees indigenous to the lower Eastern Kenya. These fruit tree species are candidates for dryland agroforestry and could provide food, medicine and other commodities required by the local communities. Surveys conducted during this study showed that they suffer from dieback and canker. This...
Distribution of Mutations in G-6-PD Gene. A Review.
Article in Press
Exploring molecular techniques to unwind possible mutations in the exons, introns and promoter regions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) gene is indispensable. Such information would improve neonatal health and haemolytic diseases including malaria control especially in malaria-endemic areas as the severity of these diseases is associated with the type of molecular variants. G-6-PD deficiency literature was...
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Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme, which is prominently found in all parts of a pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). It has found immense applications in the pharmaceutical industry as well as the food, cosmetic, and leather industries. However, bromelain from the pineapple fruit peels is a less explored source for making valuable products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential application of...
Anticancer and Antimicrobial Properties of Porous Starch Mediated Silver Nanoparticles
Article in Press
Health issues involving inadequate treatment of diseases like cancer and microbial infections continue to be the subject of much ongoing recent research. Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Zeta Sizer, Ultra-violet (UV), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated in selected gram-positive and...
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The interspecific rice hybrid of the Asian Oryza sativa and the African Oryza glaberrima, New Rice for Africa (NERICA-4) development was initiated due to threatening global food insecurities in part due to its desirable agronomical features compared to other NERICA cultivars. It is fairly tolerant to drought, has quicker growth rate and high yields. However, production is still faced by numerous challenges, leading to...
Meiotic Chromosomes Behavious in Chlorophytum stenopetalum Bak
Article in Press
Chromosomes behavior at meiosis in Chlorophytum stenopetalum Bak. was investigated especially at pachytene /diakinesis and metaphase. The flower buds at right age were harvested, fixed in Cornoy’s solution (3 part of absolute alcohol and 1 part of acetic alcohol) and preserved in a refrigerator at -4°C for at least thirty minutes. The flower buds were then hydrolyzed in 10% HCl for 3-5 minutes. Prepared slides were...
Article in Press
The ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway is key to protein degradation in plants. Its specificity often orchestrated by ubiquitin-protein ligases (or E3s), which facilitate the translocation of ubiquitin to appropriate targets. F-box protein is one of the subunit of E3 ligases SCF (Skp1-Cullin/CDC53-F-box). It has been reported that F-box protein is not only related to plant growth but also abiotic stress. In this study, the...
HEAVY METALS AND VITAMIN CONTENT OF “KUNUN-ZAKI†DRINK, PULP AND THEIR FREEZE-DRIED FORMS
Article in Press
Significant adverse health effects of certain heavy metals were reported in the dried samples of food. This study was aimed at evaluating vitamins, and heavy metals content of unsweetened/sweetened “kunun-zaki†drink/pulp, before/after lyophilizing. The material tested were unsweetened and sweetened “kunun-zaki†drink- UKD, and its pulp- UKP, sweetened “kunun-zaki†drink- SKD, and its pulp- SKP before and after...
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Contact activities of Piper guineense(Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum( L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts in the control of Dermestes maculatus larvae infesting stored fish (Clarias gariepinus) was investigated under laboratory condition (28 ±3oC and 65± 5% R,H.). The extracts were tested by application of 2.0µL each to ten third instars larvae using micro pipette at a concentration of 6.00, 10.00 and...
Article in Press
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is an important disease of common bean worldwide. In Uganda, two commercial bush bean varieties NABE13 and NABE14 with acceptable red seed types are highly susceptible. Our objective was to transfer the Co-42 and Co-5 anthracnose resistance genes from donor parent G2333 to NABE14 using a backcrossing program aided by molecular markers. The SH18 and SAB3 markers were...
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Conventional vegetative propagation of sugarcane generally has low multiplication rate and allows distribution of diseases. This results in shortage of quality planting materials. Micropropagation is currently the only practical means of achieving rapid, large-scale production of disease-free quality planting material. Experiments on shoot tip culture initiation and shoot multiplication were laid out in completely...
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The quality of Palm oil determines its consumer and market acceptability and price, and this correlates directly to its Moisture (%), Free Fatty Acid (% FFA) and Total Fatty Matter (%TFM) content. Therefore, businesses utilizing palm oil for production are very particular about these quality parameters. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of Low free fatty acid (LFFA) and high free fatty acid (HFFA)...
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The study determine the in vivo antiplasmodial potential and protective properties of Azadirachta indica (Dongoyaro) ethanolic stem bark extract in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65. The GC-MS, qualitative, quantitative and antioxidant scavenging activities of the stem bark extract of A. indica were determined using standard procedure. The acute toxicity and in vivo antiplasmodial activities of the extract were...
Article in Press
'Tafach Shenkora' and 'Kay Shenkora' sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) are the names assigned to sugarcane varieties with accession numbers Acc. 43 and Acc. 139, respectively. They were developed by Sugar Corporation, Research and Development and were registered and released in June 2019 by the National Variety Releasing Committee of Ethiopia to growers in three sugar estates in Ethiopia. 'Tafach Shenkora' and 'Kay...
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Non biodegradability of plastics has discouraged its use and hence alternative eco friendly polyhydroxybutyrates have gained popularity. The use of cost effective and easily available substrates in the production of polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) enhances its application and further reduces its cost and hence PHB can be efficiently used instead of plastics. The present work was performed to study the optimum production of...
Article in Press
The main purpose of this study was to isolate lactobacillus from raw milk derived whey and to determine its potential use as probiotics. Fifteen samples of milk were obtained and tagged (LS1 to LS15) from a homogeneous group of Holstein cows and later at our laboratory the milk was processed to obtain whey, which was inoculated in MRS medium where we got 30 bacterial isolates and selected those who were bacilli gram...
Article in Press
The Cotton Weevil is an insect that causes considerable losses to the cotton industry. Its larvae grow inside the cotton bolls, damaging them. It enters diapause during the winter and becomes active again in the first months of the year. Pheromone traps can be used to estimate their populations and implement control measures. This work analyzes samples of weevil populations collected in traps placed on mexican...
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PROLACTIN GENE IN JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
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This study was carried out to investigate the genetic diversity of prolactin gene (PRL gene) in Japanese quails using PCR-RFLP marker. One hundred and thirty nine quails were sampled for PRL loci analysis. DNA was extracted from the samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis was used to characterize a 24 base pair (bp) insertion/deletion in a 358 bp PCR product. Test for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were...
Phytoremediation: A general Review
Article in Press
This paper makes a general review of phytoremediation emphasising a bit on phytoextraction, in terms of factors that affect it and possible enhancements of such factors for optimization. Phytoremediation is a diverse collection of plant-based technologies that are used to clean contaminants such as heavy metals and metalloids (HMs) from environments, especially soil and water bodies. HMs are toxic to most biota, but some...
Antifouling Activity of Amphiora anceps on Marine Diatoms: a Comparison with Copper Sulphate
Article in Press
The search for environment-friendly and non-toxic antifouling paint components has led to the investigation of natural products from seaweeds. The defence metabolites utilized by seaweed to deter redundant epibiosis have potential for harnessing and use in antifouling applications. A search for new non toxic antifouling paints has been tested in collected seaweed such as Amphiora anceps. The seaweed was extracted with...
Article in Press
Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) is a major threat, limiting the fiber yield in Gossypium hirsutum. Resistance (R) genes are present in G. arboreum against this virus but these R genes are yet not known. Some resistance gene analogs (RGAs) of nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeats (NBS-LRR) have been reported in G. hirsutum. In the present study, RGAs from G. hirsutum and ESTs predicted as cell surface receptor genes...
CANE YIELD AND JUICE VOLUME DETERMINES ETHANOL YIELD IN SWEET SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Article in Press
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) contains fermentable sugars in the stem that can be converted to ethanol. The current study aimed at evaluating the performance of three sweet sorghum genotypes with five checks and contributes towards availing suitable sweet sorghum for industrial ethanol production. Field studies were carried out in Kenya at varied locations in a randomized complete block design with three...
Stabilization of corn oil by phenolic camellia oil cake extract during storage
Article in Press
Camellia oil cake extracts was used as a source of phenolic compounds. Isopropanol, normal hexane and diethyl ether were evaluated as different solvents to extract these phenolic compounds which examined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The antioxidant potential of camellia oil cake extracts was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and results showed that the antioxidant activity strongly depend on the solvent....
Article in Press
Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the efficacy of botanical insecticidal materials against a major insect pest of stored beans, Acanthoscelides obtectus. The materials employed by small scale farmers to reduce the problem of bean postharvest losses caused by A. obtectus were identified and collected from Dar es Salaam and also from Kimuli and Mabira villages in Kagera region in Tanzania. The materials...
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