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Aflatoxin contamination of poultry feeds in Nigeria is a common problem in most feed mills. A survey on the distribution of aflatoxin in feed mills from different parts of Nigeria was carried out. The aflatoxin concentration in most feed mills from the North-western part of Nigeria was low compared to the concentration in the feed mills from the South-eastern part. The total aflatoxin level in three Feed mills (B, C and D)...
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune disease, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Here we performed 16S sequencing on 30 samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls. We identified the presence of Prevotella copri as strongly correlated with disease in new-onset untreated rheumatoid arthritis (NORA) patients. Increases in Prevotella abundance correlated with a...
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MiR-124 Involvement of Apoptosis, Immunity and Regulator of Diseases
Most microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding, conserved RNA molecules in vertebrates, and their roles are similar and very important. MiRNAs usually have tissue-specific expression, and abnormal levels of miRNAs have been associated with diseases and have been used as disease biomarkers. MiRNAs are widely involved in biological processes by regulating target mRNAs. MiR-124 is one of the best studied miRNAs in organisms. By...
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Developing high yielding cultivars with wider adaptability is the ultimate goal of any plant breeders. However, attaining this goal is complicated by genotype environment interaction. Sixteen cowpea lines including two standard checks were arranged in 4x4 triple lattice design and evaluated at seven locations for grain yield performance in 2016 main cropping season. Combined analysis of AMMI revealed that genotype,...
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Pesticides are identified as hazardous contaminants due to high toxicity and persistence in the environment. In this context, it is necessary to monitor these pollutants in the environment in situ, with the use of low cost analytical techniques and of quick response. Biosensors are presented as a complementary analytical tool to more complex techniques, such as chromatography. The present work aims to develop, in a simple...
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Qualitative Screening of Lipolytic Bacteria from Lipid–Rich Environmental Samples of Wolkite Town
Abstract The majority of lipolytic enzymes in industrial use are currently attracting an enormous attention because of their bio-technological applications. Lipase producing bacteria were isolated from five fat containing soils of oil mills, abattoir, garage, Sewage and cafeteria and were grown on nutrient agar. In order to identify the best lipid producing bacteria, the bacterial strain were screened in tributyrin...
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In-silico and in-vitro Toxicological Activities of the Biflavonoid Agathisflavone
Agathisflavone presented antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial and neuroprotective properties in in-vitro and in-vivo assays. However, few investigations that describes the possible toxicological effects of agathisflavone. This investigation aimed to evaluate in-silico and in-vitro toxicity of this biflavonoid. In-silico biological activity spectrum, and toxic risks prediction were performed by means of computational...
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Molecular studies were carried out on two bacterial species isolated from iron ore mines of Agbaja in Kogi State, Nigeria. This is with a view to exploring their bioleaching potentials. Preliminary morphological and biochemical tests shows that the two bacteria strains belong to Acidithiobacillus and Leptospirillum species respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis conducted on the raw iron ore gave concentrations of iron to...
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Improving peanut protein quality: Expression of a synthetic storage protein
Peanut is an affordable legume used in most households. It represents one of the most important protein supplies worldwide. However, peanut proteins are deficient in several essential amino acids (EAA), as most plant proteins; whereas plants are the main source of dietary proteins consumed by humans and livestock. This could lead to protein malnutrition in areas where people diet relies on one or two staple foods. Based on...
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Elucidation of mechanisms by which plants respond to stress is crucial for developing stress tolerant crops. Unlike plants, stress response mediated by eIF2α-kinases is well described in yeast and mammalian systems. We isolated a NaCl-tolerant mutant (JP2) with 35S enhancers upstream of AtGCN2. Under NaCl-stress, JP2 had 1.4 fold AtGCN2 transcripts than control. JP2 phenotype was however inconsistent, but prompted enquiry...
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This experiment was carried out at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Teaching and Research farm during the late and early planting seasons of 2016 and 2017 to determine the efficacy of Tephrosia vogelii F. and Annona squamosal L. extracts on major insect pests of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb.) and their effects on nutritional content and fatty acid compounds of watermelon. This experiment was arranged in a...
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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF HONEY AND LIME EXTRACT ON SELECTED PATHOGENS
Purpose: This study was carried out to determine the invitro antibacterial activity of honey and lime extract on pathogens isolated from stool samples, using ciprofloxacin as positive control. Methods: Identification of the isolates was carried out using molecular characterisation, the sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA region of the isolates using GenBank Basic Local Alignment Search Tool showed that the isolates are...
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The success of any crop improvement programme largely depends on the amount of variability present in the plant materials. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability and heritability for grain yield and quality traits in soybean as selection criteria in breeding for higher grain yield. The analysis of variance revealed significant variations among the genotypes. Estimates of phenotypic (PCV) and...
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Molecular diversity assessment using sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers in maize
Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and relationship among 11 inbred lines of maize (Zea mayL.) genotypes. Thirteen SRAP marker combinations were used out of which 11were found to be polymorphic with a PIC value of 0.632 discriminated all of the 11 Z. mays L. genotypes. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficients between pairs of genotypes were found to vary from 0.69...
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Echinopske bericho is an important endangered medicinal plant that is endemic to Ethiopia. The levels of genetic diversity and patterns of population structure in E. kebericho were studied using inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR). Six selected primers were used to amplify DNA samples from 70 individuals, and a total of 79 loci were detected. Our results showed that genetic diversity was high at the species level...
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This study was designed to evaluate the potentials of selected yeast species for bioelectricity generation. Different yeast species were isolated from cassava wastewater, whey wastewater, human urine, and rabbit dung using the spread plate method. These isolates were identified using analytical profile index (API). Results obtained revealed the identity of the isolated yeast species as Candida famata, Candida hellenical....
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Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and toxicity of plant biostimulants
The great expansion that in recent years has been in the use of plant biostimulants has underestimated the possibility of producing environmental risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and toxicity of three different biostimulants (widely marketed in Brazil and exported to other countries) – A, B and C - on both plant and animal indicator organisms. In A. cepa, the concentrations...
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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), is among the most important legume crop for protein source in peoples’ diet globally and including Kenya. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) is a common disease of legumes that causes yield loss of up to 90-100%. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of SSR molecular markers to identify anthracnose resistant common bean genotypes. Forty four selected common bean...
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This study aims at characterizing new chicken feather-degrading bacteria isolated from soils of keratinic waste collected from four dumping sites of Ngaoundere. Fifteen proteolytic bacteria were isolated with three (D1, D2 and F1) showing the capacity to degrade feather in Basal Salt Media. Highest degradation rate (71.11 ± 3.05 %) of feather was obtained from isolate D2 from Municipal slaughterhouse. The partial...
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Four soil samples and water effluents each within the mining environment were tested in this study. Twenty six bacteria were isolated using nutrient agar and acidified nutrient agar. Gram staining and endospore staining were carried out to determine the Bacillus sp. used for bioremediation. Speciation of the microorganisms using 16S rRNA sequencing showed the organisms to be; Bacillus cereus NK1, Lysinibacillus sp....
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Reliable identification and classification of germplasm is necessary for peanut crop breeding and conservation. Breeding efforts in groundnut are lagging behind due to limited genomic sequences and molecular markers resources. Sequence resources from crops rich in genomic resources can be exploited for marker development in crops with scarce genomic resource such as groundnut. A set of five gene based markers (SbEST-SSRs)...
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Mung bean (Vigna radiata) – an underutilized bean was subjected to different processing methods such as; boiling, boiling with potash, roasting, and fermentation. Chemical properties such as: Proximate, mineral, anti-nutrient, amino acid analyses were done. A total of 17 amino acids were analyzed for in mung bean subjected to different processing methods. Ordinary boiling method had the most significant (P>0.05) retention...
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RAPD marker based Genetic diversity of Amaranthus population from different phytogeographic regions
Amaranths are most economically important group of plants, including leafy vegetables and ornamentals. Six different accessions of the same species of Amaranth were distributed from various places all over the India like Maharashtra, Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh. Correct genotype identification is important to evaluate the genetic diversity of local Amaranthus, and for efficient weed control and containing high nutritional...
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A diallel study was carried out over two diverse environments in rice during 2011-12 by generating 36 F1s using 9 parents. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes together with significant G x E interaction for most of the characters studied. Estimates of and revealed that, the latter component of variance was greater in magnitude for most of traits for pooled data over environments and...
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Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Silicon and Iodine in Lemon Balm Plants Subjected to Water Stress
Since exploring stress alleviant is one of the tasks of plant biologists, the aim of this study was to determine whether the application of exogenous iodine (80 µM KIO3) and silicon (Si, 0.35 g Na2SiO3 Kg-1 soil), can improve the response to severe water stress in lemon balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) plants. Water-deficit stress imposed negative effects on seedling growth by reducing shoot and root biomass, chlorophyll...
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Aspergillus terreus NCFT 4269.10 was used for extracellular protease production under liquid static surface (LSSF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) using powder of chickling vetch peels as the substrate. Maximum production of protease was noticed at 30°C incubated for 96h. The crude protease obtained was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis followed by size-exclusion chromatography using Sephadex G-100...
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Essential oils from Eupatorium sp as source of deterrent compounds against drywood termite: A review
Plant products with deterrent activities can become good, environmentally safe, alternative preservatives to protect, preserve, and treat damaged pinewood. The repellent and anti-feedant effects they have shown are specifically against pinewood borer insects. Therefore, it is advisable to use the natural resources available to adequate them into the control pest management. There is an abundant number of plant species of...
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Turmeric is an herbaceous perennial crop which is native of the genus Curcuma longa L., belonging to family Zingiberaceae. It has versatile uses in flavouring, dye making, drug preparation, cosmetics and medicine. The turmeric plant highly prone to several fungal diseases, among them leaf spot disease of turmeric resulting to huge losses of 25.83 to 62.12% fresh weight and 42.10 to 62.10% dry weight of rhizome.The five...
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In vitro studies on tolerance of selected biocontrol agents to certain agrochemicals used in tea (Camellia sinensis)
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Different fruit wastes are major environmental polluters however; they can also be exploited to produce energy. The presented study was to evaluate the alcoholic yield from locally available Avocado and banana peels. Different substrates combinations were made for Avocado and Banana peels. The fermentation was allowed for 4 consecutive days using Saccharomyces Cerevicea. The alcoholic yield was extracted by simple...
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Phenotyping identification of Candida albicans from oral cavity of immunosupperesed patients
The present study was Candida albicans identification from oral swabs of immunocompramised patients for further reference. A total of 38 oral swabs from the oral thrush patients were collected and inoculated on Sabourauds dextrose agar for primary isolation. After appearance of the colonies on SDA, individual colony is tested for identification of different species of candida albicans on the basis of biochemical and...
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Lactic acid bacteria as biological preservative for food
Fermentation of various food stuffs by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is one of the oldest forms of biopreservation practiced by mankind. This review focused on Lactic acid bacteria isolated by screening method from traditional food products of African countries and their antimicrobial metabolites as natural preservatives to control the growth of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in foods. Particularly in the use of various...
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Bacterial blight is one of the most destructive rice diseases that cause significant yield losses. The bacterial blight resistance gene Xa38 provides broad spectrum resistance against Xoo isolates in India. We validated the marker Os04g53050-1specific to Xa38 in the population derived from the cross of ‘‘CO43’’/ ‘‘PR114 (Xa38)’’. We also observed the expected marker allele pattern according to the phenotypic classification...
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The effective protection of public health against water related diseases requires prevention, integration and management approaches. The selection of parameters and the determination of maximum allowable limits was undertaken in consideration to the WHO guideline for drinking water quality. This research was aimed at investigating the microbial quality of drinking water, biochemical characterization and identification of...
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Genetic variation in different accessions of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris (L.); Poaceae) assessed RAPD analysis
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Isolation and Evaluation for its Antibacterial Activity of Seedextracts from Linum Usitatissimum
Plants are the main and important source of medicinal agents where traditional treatment plays a major role in health care, and is also a common practice serving as the first aid. Flaxseed or linseed (Linum usitatissimum) is one of the important medicinal plants which are cultivated and growing worldwide that has attracted people’s interest for its many benefits it offers in human health. The general objective of this...
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Phytic acid acts as an anti-nutritional macro-molecule (anti-nutrient) in the wheat kernel. High concentration of phytic acid is undesirable due to its inhibitory effect for other molecules. According to Hotelling’s t2 test and regression analysis, the model of additive-dominance was adequate for phytic acid, grains spike-1, biological yield, partially adequate for 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Values of D less than...
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Sweet sorghum is the most suitable crop for biofuel and grain yield production in arid and semi-arid lowland regions of Ethiopia. A study was carried out in Ethiopia during the 2015and 2016 crop seasons to determine the sweet sorghum genotypes for the potential of grain and ethanol yield, and genetic variability among the genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed that there was a highly significant difference among the 28...
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Fungal diseases are one of the major causes of losses on wheat yield in the world. Recent studies on plant defense mechanisms have highlighted the role of amino acids and total polyphenols in disease tolerance. Thus, with the objective of identifying on the basis of morphological and physiological variables the high-performance wheat accessions in high and low altitude, we characterized sixteen wheat accessions via...
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Beetal and Assam hill goats are prolific local goat breeds of India. Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is considered as one of the important candidate gene implicated in prolificacy. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of mutation in the exonic region of BMP15 gene of both Beetal and Assam hill goats. A total of 60 blood samples from Beetal and archived 100 samples of Assam hill goats...
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As part of the research on a biological method against Culicidae vectors of pathogenic diseases, sensitivity tests are carried out on mosquitoes by the use of pistachio polyphenol extract: pistacia terebinthus, pistacia lentiscus and Pistacia atlantica. In general, the polyphenol extract has a large larvicidal effect, in particular the polyphenolic extract of Pistacia lentiscus and Pistacia atlantica. Our results showed a...
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Information on genetic progress achieved over time from a breeding program is absolutely essential to develop effective and efficient breeding strategies. Thirty-seven improved lowland sorghum varieties released between 1976 and 2016 and promising advanced lines were evaluated to estimate the genetic progresses made in 40 years of sorghum breeding in Ethiopia. The study was conducted at 2 environments during 2018 cropping...
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The KiSS-1 gene encodes a protein product (kisspeptin) which is an inducer of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in various mammalian species through its receptor GPR54 (G protein-coupled receptor-54). In this study Red Sokoto (n = 72) and Sahel (n = 28) goat breeds were used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the intronic region of the KiSS-1 gene by sequencing and...
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Biochar have been recommended as amendments in agricultural practices for carbon sequestration, improvement of soil physico-chemical properties and nutrient status. Studies were carried out on the effect of biochar and poultry dung amendments on a tropical soil microflora that was treated with two commonly used herbicides (priextra -180 ml/L and glyphosate -15 ml/L in 2.0 kg of soil sample) at 1.5 doses of their...
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The phenomenon of bacterial resistance is a well-known and well-researched phenomenon and is a global issue of concern. Therefore, we studied the production and mechanism of drug resistance of Enterococcus faecalis from water sources to ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and ampicillin, following nitrogen and phosphorus eutrophication. We established microcosms to explore how nitrogen and phosphorus eutrophication affects (i)...
Article in Press
The success of any crop improvement programme largely depends on the amount of variability present in the plant materials. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability and heritability for grain yield and quality traits in soybean as selection criteria in breeding for higher grain yield. The analysis of variance revealed significant variations among the genotypes. Estimates of phenotypic (PCV) and...
Article in Press
Pesticides are identified as hazardous contaminants due to high toxicity and persistence in the environment. In this context, it is necessary to monitor these pollutants in the environment in situ, with the use of low cost analytical techniques and of quick response. Biosensors are presented as a complementary analytical tool to more complex techniques, such as chromatography. The present work aims to develop, in a simple...
Article in Press
Phase variation mediating simple sequence repeat (SSR) in slipped strand mispairing is considered the most important mechanisms of genetic variation in Neisseria meningitides and in defense against host attack strategies despite elicitation of the immune system against commensal and pathogenic bacteria. We aimed to achieve in a silico study for determining the possibility of SSR within different positions of N....
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WRKY Gene Silencing Enhances Tolerance to Salt Stress in Transgenic Tomato
WRKY proteins are superfamily of transcription factors, which are up or down-regulated in response to biotic and abiotic stress though limited study has conducted on transcriptional repression of tomato WRKY genes to salt stress. Thus, this study was conducted on three transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Moneymaker) T1 generation plants carrying RNAi constructs for WRKY5, WRKY12, and WRKY13 to identify WRKYs...
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L) is the major staple and principal food crop cultivated widely in lowland areas of Ethiopia. Drought and Striga are the major abiotic and biotic constraints to sorghum production and productivity in Ethiopia specifically in the testing sites. The adaptation of sorghum to a wide range of environmental conditions has led to the evolution and existence of extensive genetic variation for drought and...
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