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An experiment was conducted at Yabello Pastoral and Dryland Agricultural Research Center in Oromia National Regional State to evaluate the effects of local and conventional feed supplementation on milk yield and milk composition of Borana cows. Twelve lactating Borana cows of first parity and second parity with similar stage of lactation were used. The experiment had four treatments with three replications using randomized...
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Introduction of Koekoek chicken was carried out at Adwa and MedabayZana districts in Tigray to evaluate its performance and promote the breed with full-fledged poultry packages. The areas were selected purposely to centre the two potential zones of the region. Each participant was given about 50 day old chicks along with starter feed, drinkers and feeders. Data on survival, productivity, costs and farmers’ perception were...
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The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha and Bora districts from east Shoa zone as well as Kofele and Asasa from west Arsi zone of Oromia regional state. The objective of this study was to describe the breeding objectives of the farmers who keep indigenous sheep found in the study areas. The study was conducted using semi–structured questionnaire, followed by focus group discussions. A questionnaire was used to...
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Assessment of Dairy Cattle Breeding Practices in West Shoa Zone
This study was conducted to assess the breeding practices of dairy cattle in Adea Berga, Ejerie and Metarobi districts. The study was undertaken using questionnaire-based survey and a participatory group discussion method. A total of 180 households were participated in the interview. A Structured questionnaire was used to describe qualitative and quantitative traits. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and...
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Phenotypic response to mass selection for weaning weight and 18-month weight in Tswana cattle
The objectives of this study were to identify the significant environmental factors that influenced growth traits and to evaluate phenotypic response of growth traits to selection at weaning (S1) and 18-months of age (S2) and the unselected control line (S3) in Tswana cattle. Phenotypic analysis for average daily gains (ADGs) and growth traits were conducted using 7223 records of animals which were born between 1996 and...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate fattening performance of Menz ram lambs fed grass hay basal diet and supplemented different combination of wheat bran and lentil broken screening. The treatments were T1 (30g wheat bran 133g lentil broken screening), T2 (235g lentil broken screening only), T3 (285g wheat bran only), and T4 (227g wheat bran and 120 lentil broken screening). Twenty four Menz ram lambs of 8 to 10 months...
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The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of rice bran and sesame seedcake mixtures on feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and carcass characteristics of Begait sheep fed grass hay as basal diet. Twenty five yearling Begait sheep rams with the initial body weight of 26.9 ± 0.75 kg (Mean ± SE) were used in a randomized complete block design. Animals were randomly blocked into five feeding regimes i.e. hay...
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Productive Performances of Crossbred Dairy Cattle at Holetta Agricultural Research Center
This study was conducted to evaluate the productive performances of crossbred dairy cattle at Holetta research center dairy farm. A total of 8123 performance records were used and analyzed to determine the effect of period of calving, season of calving, parity and genetic group. The parameters used us indicator of productive performances were Lactation milk yield (LMY), daily milk yield (DMY) and lactation length (LL). The...
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Enset (Ensete ventricosum) as a livestock feed in Ethiopia – review
Feed shortage in terms of quantity and quality is a major problem affecting livestock production and productivity in Ethiopia. Although there is livestock feed shortage in the country however, the available conventional and non-conventional feed resources are not properly utilized by farmers. Enset is a monocarpic short-lived perennial plant which is widely cultivated in the central, southern and south-western parts of...
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Phenotypic characterization of local chicken ecotypes of Benishangul-gumuz region, western Ethiopia
This study was conducted in four districts (Bambassi, Kamashi, Mao-komo and Homosha) of Benishangul-Gumuz regional state to describe physical and morphological characteristics of local chicken population in the study area. A total of 847 matured local chickens (619 females and 228 males) were randomly sampled from the study area. Mean live body weight and other linear body measurements of males was significantly (p
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The objective of this study was to estimate variance-covariance components and genetic parameters for growth traits in Tswana cattle. Genetic analyses for ADGs and growth traits were conducted using 7223 records of animals which were born between 1996 and 2013 from 1662 dams and 188 sires in 54 contemporary groups, using both univariate and bivariate animal models. Heritability estimates for growth traits ranged from...
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The objective of this study was to determine the environmental and genetic factors influencing mature cow weight (MCW) trait in Tswana cattle breed. Analyses of environmental and genetic effects for mature cow weight trait were performed using 19301 records of Tswana cows born between 1996 and 2010 from 610 dams and 137 sires in 54 contemporaries. Mature cow weight trait was analysed using repeatability model. The...
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The objective of this study was to determine the environmental and genetic factors affecting reproductive traits and calf survival from birth to weaning in Tswana breed of cattle. Analyses of environmental and genetic effects for calf survival traits were done using 7223 records of animals which were born between 1996 and 2013 from 1659 dams and 188 sires in 54 contemporaries. Analyses of environmental and genetic effects...
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To improve the competitiveness of live animals and meat export from Ethiopia tremendous interventions in the coordination of livestock marketing activities and biosecurity for provision of market support services are needed. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare and identify the management and biosecurity and major constraints of feedlot industries in Adama quarantine area. Three feedlot farms were used to collect...
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The study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and comprehensive strength of urea molasses blocks using different binding agents, fibre source and drying methods. Different blocks were produced and dried for seven days under shade and sun. Dry matter content was higher 92.7% in sun dried rice bran with cement (SRWC) and 92.6% in sun dried wheat offal with cement (SWWC) with the least 88.0% in shade dried wheat...
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The study was conducted to evaluate growth performance, carcass characteristics and economic benefit of koekoek chickens fed different levels of fish meal as replacement to soybean in Bora district of East shoa zone, Ethiopia. Fish offal was collected from Koka reservoir and Ellen Lake and then cooked and sun dried. The treatments contained control (T1), 5% fish meal and 15% soybean meal; T2,10% soybean meal and 10% fish...
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In Zimbabwe, at least 97 percent of the national goat herd is owned by smallholder indigenous farmers. The farmers rarely breed the goats for commercial purposes despite the fact that the country has potential to export goat products. Common breeds in Zimbabwe include the Matabele goats, Mashona goats, Boer goats and the Kalahari goats. With this diversity of the goats’ population, there is need to move from subsistence to...
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Review on Opportunities and Challenges of Dairy cattle production in Ethiopia
This review is conducted to assess the Opportunities and Challenges of Dairy cattle production in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia the dairy industry plays an enormous role in ensuring food security and creating rural employment in the highland and lowland areas. In Ethiopia, dairying is experienced throughout the country by a large number of rural and urban producers. Indigenous breeds of cows are generally considered as low milk...
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Survey was aiming to characterize indigenous chicken production in eastern and south eastern zone of Tigray region. Two peasant associations were selected from each district and 178 households were interviewed. The flock sizes was 6.22 chicks, 3.37 pullets, 2.58 cockerels, 3.88 hens and 1.61 cocks per household and 98.9% and 99.4% of farmers supplement feed and water to chickens respectively. About 79% of farmers had...
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Selected vegetable and fruit wastes for poultry feed: Review
This review was done to assess some selected vegetable and fruit wastes used as poultry feed and indicate the inclusion rate of them in poultry ration. Among vegetable wastes, culled carrots at 4% and carrot tops up to 15% inclusion level improved yolk colour. Dried tomato pomace and tomato seed could be incorporated in poultry rations at the level of 20% and 15% respectively, without any adverse effect. Cooked potatoes...
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The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soybean or groundnut straw replacement for hay on feed intake and nutrient utilization of Gumuz sheep at Pawe Agricultural Research Centre. Thirty yearling male intact Gumuz sheep with initial body weight of 18.91 ± 2.6 kg (mean ± SD) were used in the experiment. The study consists of 90 days feeding trial and 7 days of digestibility trial after acclimatization of 15 and 3...
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The study was conducted to evaluate production and reproduction performance of village chicken and egg quality traits and marketing system in Dedo district, Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Three different agro- ecologies (high, mid and lowlands) of the district were purposively selected based on poultry population and accessibility. Stratified probability random sampling method was followed to select two peasant...
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The study was done with objective of assessing production, reproduction performance and marketing system of village chickens in eastern and south eastern zone of Tigray region. Three districts covering two peasant associations (PA) were selected purposely based on chicken potential. About 178 households having experience on chicken production were interviewed. Therefore, the breed compositions were 8.60 locals, 5.46 exotic...
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Live pigs sale in the south-eastern zone of the maritime region of Togo : Who and how ?
In Togo, the growth of pork consumption has led to the increase of pig farming. However, there is a lake of information according to it trading. In order to identify who are involved in the live pig trade and their means, a survey was carried out in the Prefectures of the Lacs, Vo, Bas-Mono, and Yoto. About 60 traders are interviewed on how they operate and the contribution of this activity to their daily lives. Analysis...
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This study is conducted in Dedo Woreda of Jimma Zone with the objective of characterizing village chicken production and marketing systems.Three different agro-ecologies (high, mid and lowlands) of the Woreda were purposively selected based on poultry population and accessibility of infrastructure. Stratified probability random sampling method was followed to select two peasant associations (PA) from each of the three...
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A 115-day feeding trial involving 225, day-old koekoek dual purpose chicken was carried out at Dubbo Mante Experimental site of AARC in a completely randomized design to evaluate feed intake, growth performance and carcass yield of koekoek chicken fed cassava leaf meal at dietary levels of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% respectively. The experiment lasted for 13 weeks after two weeks of brooding period. Feed intake and body weight...
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The objective of this study was to characterize the indigenous chicken ecotypes of eastern and southeastern zones of Tigray. It was conducted in Hawzien, Degua-tembien and Hintalo-wejirat districts of Tigray. Two villages which are found at midland and highland agro-ecologies were selected in each district. Villages far from cities and towns, and potential areas in indigenous chicken population were also considered in the...
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The study was conducted with the objective of measuring feed intake, digestibility, and growth performance of Begait sheep fed hay basal diet and supplemented with different levels of Tsara (Pterocarpus lucens) leaves, Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) leaves and concentrate mixture on iso-nitrogenous basis to supply 66.60 g/day crude protein (CP) on dry matter (DM) basis. Twenty five yearling male Begait sheep with initial body...
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Pastoralists in Hawd have been cited by many people in Somaliland as the most desperate people. Denied the right to primary education, these pastoralists feel very frustrated. Their children are destined of dropping out before completing the education cycle. They have always been blamed for their backwardness which is one of the reasons policy directed interventions are blind about extension of educational services as well...
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The study aimed at characterizing of scavenging and intensive chicken production system in Lume district, East Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Random samplings were employed to select sample kebeles based on chicken population and purposively select respondents. Administrations of questionnaire were employed on three kebeles and 90 respondents’ from scavenging chicken keepers and, 10 intensive farms were interviewed....
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The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic performances, yield and nutritional quality of lablab cultivars grown under irrigation condition in lowland altitude of Humbo district, Wolaita Zone. The experiment was conducted from December 2016 to April 2017. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The cultivars tested were Rongai, Highworth and Red...
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Prevalence of S. aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Farms in Meki Town
The current study was conducted with the objectives of identifying Staphylococcus aureus from mastitis positive quarters and further screening of MRSA from positive cases for the bacteria. Identification of MRSA in dairy herd helps in determining its prevalence and provide information for further study. This study revealed insignificant (p≥0.05) prevalence of S. aureus in clinical (47.4%) and in subclinical (57.8%)...
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A study was conducted at Wombera and Pawe districts of Benishangul-gumuz regional state, western Ethiopia, aiming to determine the bee spacing and cell dimensions of honeybee race and recommended an appropriate bee spacing and cell dimension for Apis mellifera scutellata. Wombera and Pawe districts were purposively selected to represent highland and lowland agro-ecologies respectively. The measurement of bee space, cell...
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Poor animal health is reported as one of the major constraints of goat production leading to mortality in pastoral areas like Karamoja Sub-Region in Eastern Uganda. Based in Napak District, this study was aimed at gaining improved understanding of how to reduce goat mortality through improved health management practices (HMP) in kraals. Through convenience sampling, 312 pastoralists out of 388 who own animals in community...
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The feeding experiment was conducted at Key Afer goat research station with objective of evaluating the effect of urea molasses block supplementation on weight gain performance of the grazing 50 % Female Boer x Woyto-Guji crossbred goats. Total of 16 female goats with average initial body weight of 16.75±0.5 kg were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Goats were grouped into four blocks based on their initial body...
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Status of livestock resources of Kedarnath Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India
The Kedarnath Valley of Garhwal Himalaya is very rich in livestock resources. Livestock in the Kedarnath Valley has been reared basically for the production of milk and their related products that can supplement the family income and sustain agriculture. A total of 17 villages were surveyed during the study period to assess the potential use of livestock resources in the Kedarnath Valley. The information was collected...
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Feeding livestock in the tropical environment is faced with serious shortage of proteinous feedstuffs hence; there is the urgent need to search for cheap, readily available, and non-competitive with human need for food. This study therefore was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Ackee Apple Arils meal (AAAM) in the diet of West African dwarf goats. Twelve (n=12) West African dwarf goats were randomised against four...
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A cross sectional study was conducted at Bahir Dar town, northwestern Ethiopia, to quantify the major hoof and musculoskeletal disorders of cart mules and to identify their predisposing factors. Both physical examination of 250 cart mules and questionnaire survey on 174 volunteer cart owners or drivers were used. The overall prevalence of gait problem was 18.8%, of which 83 % was lameness, 6.3% staggering gait and 10.6%...
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Feeds with anti-nutritional factors and productivity of non-ruminant animals
Recently animal-products are mainly coming from the non-ruminant animals, but commercial protein source feeds are becoming costly and inaccessible that affects from further productivity enhancements. Commercial soybean meal (SBM) can partially be replaced by raw full-fat soybean (RFSB), but concentration of anti-nutritional factors (ANF) might be more than the threshold levels for these animals, particularly for poultry....
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The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of noug seed cake, linseed cake and cottonseed cakemixed with wheat bran as a concentrate supplement to oat-vetch mixture hay on feed intake and nutrient utilization in lactating crossbred dairy cows. Four crossbred dairy cows with similar lactation stage (mid lactation) were used. Four feed types were considered for the study; namely, oat-vetch hay, noug cake, cotton seed...
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Assessment of Veterinary Services in Selected Areas of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
This study was conducted from November, 2015 to April, 2016 for the aim of to identify the major veterinary service constraints, to assess livestock disease outbreak reporting system and livestock disease control and prevention strategies in the study area. The study was carried out in selected area of Wolaita zone namely: Sodo zuria, Boloso Sore and Damot Gale districts. For this purpose a semi-questionnaire survey was...
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This study was conducted to assess milk production and reproductive performances of crossbred dairy cows in purposively selected urban and peri-urban dairy farms of Assela, Bishoftu, Holetta and Sululta areas of central highlands of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey using semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 160 randomly selected dairy farmers. The average daily milk yield was 11.7 litres in...
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Review of Common Causes of abortion in sheep and goat in Ethiopia
The economic and public health impact of cause of abortion remains of concern in developing countries. Abortion can generally cause significant loss of productivity through death and expulsion of foetus by the ewe/doe before the end of a normal term of pregnancy, affect the future fertility, lactation and flock is culled annually. Common infectious causes of abortion in small ruminant include Brucellosis, Leptospirosis,...
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Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Four Breeds of Rams in Nigeria under Fattening Condition
The constraints to large scale production in the developing countries are non-identification of fast growing breeds and unavailability of adequate feed. It is therefore necessary to explore all possible avenues to adequately increase small ruminants’ meat production for human consumption through assessing the performance of the local breeds of rams. Four breeds of rams: Balami (BM), Uda (UD), Yankasa (YKS) and West African...
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High feed costs arising from the use of expensive imported protein sources limits intensive broiler production by smallholder farmers in developing countries. This necessitates the search for cheaper locally available alternative protein-rich feedstuffs. However, these are invariably laden with anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), investigation of strategies to counter the deleterious effects of which is of necessity. The aim...
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The acquisition of skills in grasscutter farming will give rise to graduates who are self-reliant as unemployment will be reduced and there will be increase in the production of bush meat to meet the consumption demand in Kaduna state, hence this identified skills required by agricultural education graduates in grasscutter farming for self employment in Kaduna State. The study was guided by three objectives. Three research...
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The study was conducted at Sirinka Agriculture Research Center to phenotypically characterize local, pure Dorper and their F1 crossbred sheep populations. The animals were grouped into three age groups based on 0 pair of permanent incisor (0PPI), 1 pair of permanent incisors (1PPI) and 2 and above pairs of permanent incisors (≥2PPI). A total of 17 linear measurements, body weight and scrotal circumference for males were...
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This study investigated effects of dietary supplementation with graded levels of DL-methionine and phytase enzyme on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed diets containing high levels of marula (Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich.) seed cake (MSC), an alternative locally available feedstuff. Two hundred and seventy 28-day-old broilers were ad libitum fed treatment diets in a 3 x 3 factorial design involving 2...
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The study was carried out in Maale Woreda aimed to assess feed resource, feed resource availability and feed production constraints. Six kebeles from Woreda were selected and focus group discussions and key informants had employed to enrich the primary data on feed resources, feed resource availability, feed conservation practices and feed resources utilization and major livestock feed production constraints. The study...
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Analysis of Factors influencing Profitability of Rabbit Farming in Kenya
The study aimed at assessing factors influencing the profitability of rabbit farming in Nakuru, Kiambu and Nyeri Counties of Kenya. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from 459 farmers from the three counties. Two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression model and descriptives were used to analyze data. Comparison of means showed that the mean difference between rabbit and non-rabbit keepers for age,...
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