Evaluation of solvent retention capacity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour depending on genotype and different timing of nitrogenous fertilizer application
October 2016
Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate the solvent retention capacity of wheat flour from three genotypes when nitrogenous fertilizer is applied at different stages of crop growth; and (ii) to evaluate the possible existence of correlations between different solvents when nitrogenous fertilizer is applied at different stages of crop growth. The...
Development and production of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in different space arrangements
October 2016
The development of management methods appropriate for the culture of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is essential to improve productivity. This research aimed to evaluate and quantify the development and productivity of chia plants in different row spacing and planting density in Western region of Paraná. As the treatments used were four row spacing (0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 m) in three plant densities (200,000,...
Agronomic performance, production components and agricultural productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars
October 2016
The rain fed crop is highly dependent on environmental conditions, and study aims to evaluate the agronomic performance, yield components and agricultural productivity of six maize cultivars in the region of the coastal tablelands of Alagoas State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete block, with five replications and six treatments. Six maize cultivars, three varieties (Jaboatão, Batité...
Seeding rate and physiological quality of dual purpose wheat seeds
October 2016
Wheat dual purpose (Triticum aestivum L.) has elevated biomass production, high tillering potential, long vegetative stage, short reproductive period. Therefore, this study aim to reveal the seeding rates effect on physiological attributes of wheat dual purpose seeds grown in three agricultural crops, and identify a population management strategy and check the response stability of the traits in southern Brazil. The...
Selection of S0:2 maize progenies using a mixed-model approach
October 2016
In breeding programs, obtaining breeding lines was important, and first selfing selection generations is common. In addition, an analytic approach through mixed models can lead to more success in genotype selection because it lends flexibility in analysis of unbalanced data and provides more precise genotypic values in regard to progenies evaluated. The goal of this study was to make early selection (in the S2...
Seeding density of Brachiaria ruziziensis intercropped with grain sorghum and effects on soybean in succession
October 2016
Sorghum is an alternative crop to produce grains in the off-season in Brazilian Cerrado and the intercropping with Brachiaria species enable to produce dry matter on the soil surface for a longer time. However, there is limited information on Brachiaria ruziziensis seed density to be applied to intercropping with sorghum without causing decreases in sorghum grain yield. The objective of the study was to evaluate the...
Germination capacity of some halophytic plants species under increasing salinity
October 2016
In Tunisia, more particularly in semiarid and arid areas, the drought accentuated by the surface evaporation of water lead to gradual increase in salinity of the soil which a major hurdal in development of vegetation. In these highly salted ecosystems, some plants are growing naturally; however, various species show different tolerance levels to salinity during their development. Seed germination is the stage which is...
Agronomic performance of local and introduced plantains, dessert, cooking and beer bananas (Musa spp.) across different altitude and soil conditions in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
October 2016
Agronomic performances of local and exotic Musa species were evaluated across seven agro-ecologies in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Generally, all the cultivars performed well. Mean bunch yields varied between 11 and 42 kg across different use groups and agro-ecologies. Introduced cultivars had higher or comparable yields to the local cultivars across agro-ecologies. The exotic beer cultivar ‘NARI...
Effect of Allium sativum (garlic) extract on the growth and nodulation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea)
October 2016
It has been demonstrated that symbiotic N2 fixation enhances soil fertility and productivity as well as increases carbon sequestration and nutrient conservation. Green house experiments were conducted to ascertain the effect of garlic extract on the nodulation of cowpea and groundnut plants. Different concentrations of the extract (20, 40, 60 and 80%), were applied to the plant at 2 weeks after planting. Both legumes...
Development of an automated system of aeration for grain storage
October 2016
Stored grain should be preserved as much as possible during storage process, because of the occurrence of chemical, biochemical, physical and microbiological changes. The grain storage process consists of storing this material for a later use after a certain period. This study aims at to develop a prototype for grain aeration; to develop a software to control aeration strategies; and to evaluate the development of...
Trichoderma-bean interaction: Defense enzymes activity and endophytism
October 2016
Biotic inducing agents such as Trichoderma spp. are an alternative for the induction of resistance by activating defense mechanisms of plants. This work aimed to study the interaction between bean and Trichoderma spp. evaluating the effects of the induction of resistance in bean through the defense enzymes activity and ability to endofitism. The experimental was design in randomized blocks, with four replications, being...
Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity in edible biomass of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus var. palmensis)
October 2016
Tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus (L. fit.) Link var. palmensis (Christ) Hansen and Sunding is a perennial fodder shrub naturalized in a range of environments for its valuable forage traits. This research was aimed at evaluating the seasonal variation in chemical composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties in edible biomass components (leaves, twigs, flowers, and pods) of tagasaste grown in a...
Yield and growth characteristics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as affected by prior heat stress and nutrient addition
October 2016
In the tropics, high temperatures and nutrient inaccessibility are often the most limiting factors affecting plant growth and final crop yield. However, it remain incomprehensible the actual impact of simultaneous interaction of prior heat stress and nutrient addition on growth and yield of cowpea plant, knowing that cowpea plant is an important grain legumes for over 200 million people in dry savanna of tropical...
Characterization of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ wine made with grapes from Campanha– RS Region
October 2016
Campanha region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) has received attention on grape production specifically ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Tannat’. Due to the edafoclimatic peculiarities such as sandy soil, good thermal amplitude and sunshine, and low rainfall during the ripening period, it is supposed that the wine of this micro-region, in especially Bagé, might have...
Growth and production of a Japanese cucumber crop under pulse irrigation
October 2016
Water is the most important production factor in agriculture, since even small restrictions to the water supply can result in decreased productivity. Due to climatic reasons, water supply is limited in many parts of the world, resulting in a need to develop techniques that increase the water use efficiency. Pulse irrigation consists of the application of an irrigation depth, relative to the actual irrigation needed,...
Bioherbicide based on Diaporthe sp. secondary metabolites in the control of three tough weeds
October 2016
Brazilian growers are facing difficulties to manage the weeds Lolium multiflorum, Conyza sp. and Echinochloa sp. using commercially available agrochemicals in most crops. This study aims to evaluate the use of a bioherbicide based on fermented broth containing secondary metabolites of Diaporthe sp. to control L. multiflorum, Conyza sp. and Echinochloa sp. The bioherbicide activity in pre-emergence and post-emergence of...
Treatment of bean seeds with plant extracts for controlling Zabrotes subfasciatus and its effects on physical and physiological quality during storage
October 2016
Bean crop occupies a prominent place in medium and large farming units in Brazil. Most of the time, the success of this crop depends, among other factors, on the use of good quality seeds at sowing; which requires strict quality control, harvesting, and storage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of leaves and shells extracts of Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart., Anadenanthera colubrina and myrtle...
Phenotypic variability in Nigerian castor (Ricinus communis L.) accessions
October 2016
Ten accessions of Ricinus communis L. were grown in derived savannah agro-ecological zone for two cropping seasons under rain fed conditions. The work aimed at phenotypic characterization of R. communis for different qualitative and quantitative traits. The field characterization of the genotypes was done using randomized complete block design with three replications at the new site of Botanical garden, University of...
Consequence of different ripeners on germination and initial growth of morning glory
October 2016
At the application time of sugarcane ripeners, most times, morning glory plants, that have escaped, survived or emerged, are entwined on sugarcane stalks and these plants are at this time in different reproductive stages (and it becomes more difficult to control) causing a mechanical and crop yield damage. The main aim of this research was to evaluate sugarcane crop ripeners effect on the seeds germination, seedling...
Exploitation of variability for salinity tolerance in maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) at early growth stage
October 2016
Salinity is extremely serious problem that has a drastic effect on maize crop, environment and causes economic losses of country. An advance technique to overcome salinity is to develop salt tolerant genotypes which require screening of huge germplasm to start a breeding program. Therefore, present study was undertaken to screen out 25 maize hybrids of different origin for salinity tolerance at seedling stage under...
Operating and energetic performance of the assembly tractor-scarifier in different liquid ballasting and working depths
October 2016
The working depth and ballasting are factors that can influence directly the operational and energy performance of a mechanized set. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operational and energetic performance of the set tractor-scarifier, working at three depths under two ballasting conditions. The study was conducted in the experimental area of ​​mechanization of the Department of Agricultural Engineering...
Multivariate analysis of the genetic divergence among populations of ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
October 2016
The genus Capsicum presents a wide genetic variability. The most common way to determine this variability has been based upon morphological descriptors. We studied the genetic divergence among populations of ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) using two different multivariate techniques: Cluster analysis and canonical discriminant variables. The analyses enabled us to determine the morphological descriptors that...
Irrigation productivity and water-use efficiency in papaya crop under semi-arid conditions
October 2016
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) has a great economic importance in tropical and subtropical countries, Brazil being one of the largest producers of papaya in the world. This crop requires a considerable amount of water during its cycle, making proper irrigation management essential for optimal water use. Improving water-use efficiency can increase levels of agricultural production as well as the efficient use of water...
A review of geographic information systems and digital imaging in plant pathology application
October 2016
The increasing rate of disease incidence resulting from devastating effects of plant pathogens, limits crop productivity globally, thus affecting food security. The current global population growth with many mouths to feed is dependent on vibrant agricultural productivity. The effects of globalization, climate change, evolution of pathogens and vectors to mention a few, have combined to increase spread of invasive plant...
Evaluation of the gross and net calorific value of residues of wood pine and araucaria from reforestation
October 2016
The objective of this study was to assess the energy value of waste timber in the form of sawdust. Two types of wood: Araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia) and Pinus were evaluated with no defined species (Pinus sp). The sawdust was collected from a timber that receives wood from reforestation of these species in Southwestern Paraná, Brazil. The material collected was evaluated with a calorimeter bomb to determine...
Rice development and water demand under drought stress imposed at distinct growth stages
October 2016
This study aimed to establish a comparison for theoretical water demand between rice plants grown under flooding and under different levels of water stress, imposed at distinct crop stages, in terms of plant morpho-physiology and phenology. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse, using complete randomized design and factorial scheme 3 × 4 + 1, with four replications. Factor...
Effects of rhizobacteria on Meloidogyne javanica infection on eggplants
October 2016
The effect of two rhizobacteria, Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus subtilis on parasitism of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica on eggplants was evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The impacts of the bacteria application as seed treatment, root dipping, and soil drench on early nematode penetration into plant roots, as well as, on eggplant growth were tested. The number of penetrated second...
Factors influencing smallholder crop commercialisation: Evidence from Côte d’Ivoire
October 2016
In this study, we analysed factors that influence crop output commercialisation among smallholder farmers in Cote d’Ivoire. Unlike previous studies, we correct for sample selection bias by using the Heckman maximum likelihood sample selection model with village fixed effects. We rely on a unique and detailed dataset that covers 3,393 smallholder farmers. The dataset was gathered from the 2014 National employment...
Multiple uses of forest resources in small and medium farms in the tropics: Economic and social contributions
October 2016
In complex systems, small anthropogenic changes of the initial conditions could lead to profound changes in the entire system. In this sense, the present literature review has surveyed several studies related to the multiple uses of forest resources and sustainability in small and medium-sized farms in the tropics. In 1985, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) published a work addressing...
Shape and size relationships of Araucaria angustifolia in South Brazil
October 2016
Studies on morphology and occupancy area of trees provide knowledge on features and functions of forest ecosystem, especially in terms of competition and growth of trees. The main purpose of this work was to develop models for shape and size relationships of Araucaria angustifolia in natural forest remains of species. Dendrometric and morphometric variables from 210 trees from three sites were used. Results showed that...
Characterizing commercial cattle farms in Namibia: Risk, management, and sustainability
October 2016
Commercial cattle farming in semi-arid regions is subject to high rainfall risk. At the same time, it is prone to rangeland degradation. Theoretical works suggest that rainfall risk management by means of financial instruments may stabilize farming-derived income over the short-term, but provides little incentives for conservative rangeland management. Thus, the use of financial strategies of income stabilization may...
Water content and soil nutrient in consortium of native fruit trees with cover crops
October 2016
The use of cover crops in intercropping is an important strategy for soil management and conservation, the improvement of edaphic conditions, and the optimization of cultivation of intercropped plants of commercial interest. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the water content and soil nutrient as well as initial growth of some fruit trees native to the Cerrado, Brazil. That is, Eugenia dysenterica Mart. ex...
Water use efficiency and growth variables of Operculina macrocarpa L. Urban grown in tropical environment
October 2016
Most of the population in developing countries still uses medicinal plants as the main source to meet their medical needs. Field experiments were carried out at tropical environment in Brazil in order to determine the main characteristics of ‘batata-de-purga’ (Operculina macrocarpa L. Urban), cultivated under 5 different levels of irrigation. The crop was cultivated with and without shading, using a plastic...
Vermicompost of tannery sludge and sewage as conditioners soil with grown tomato#
October 2016
The objective was to evaluate the effect of tannery sludge vermicompost in the chemical properties of soil cultivated with tomato and irrigated with wastewater. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 6 × 2, totaling twelve treatments with three replications. The treatments were: four tannery sludge vermicompost (25% Sludge tannery(LC) + manure - T1, 25% Sludge tannery(LC) + rice husk -...
Gas exchange in castor bean cultivars in response to foliar application of potassium silicate
October 2016
Since silicon and potassium are nutrients that influence plant physiological and biochemical aspects, the combined use of these minerals in the fertilization of cultivated plants has been increasingly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges (Net photosynthesis, Stomatal conductance, Transpiration, Water use efficiency, Carboxylation efficiency, Internal carbon concentration, Chlorophyll a, b, total,...
Effect of gypsum application on agro-energy performance of sugarcane varieties cultivated in a semi-arid environment
October 2016
Brazilian semi-arid soils can be dystrophic and often occur in areas with high agricultural potential. Gypsum application improves chemical and physical soil conditions, favoring root system development of plants and can improve sugarcane production for energy production, as a strategy for sustainable development, avoiding native vegetation destruction in semi-arid regions. This study aimed to analyze the impact of...
Systems of land use affecting nodulation and growth of tree legumes in different soils of the Brazilian semiarid area
October 2016
The growth of tree legumes in degraded areas must be preceded by assessments of nodulation ability of naturally established rhizobia populations since such information contributes to defining the species which can be planted for recovering disturbed areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and natural nodulation of “sabiá” (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) and leucaena (Leucaena...
Effects of drought on yield and yield components of two contrasting growth habits of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
October 2016
Common bean is grown by smallholder farmers in Malawi who produce low yield due to drought constrains. Two experiments comprising of two different bean growth habits (IIa and IVa) were conducted at Chitedze Research Station in Malawi, to assess eleven common bean genotypes for yield and yield components under drought conditions. Drought reduced significantly number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 and consequently...
Forage yield and nutritive value of naturally growing Brachiaria decumbens as undergrowth to an aroeira tree stand in a silvopasture system
October 2016
This study evaluated the forage yield and feed chemical composition of a Brachiaria decumbens natural pasture as undergrowth to a Myracrodruon urundeuva (aroeira) tree stand in a silvopasture system at UNESP/Ilha Solteira, Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Sampling was conducted in a completely randomized block design with a factorial scheme of two plots and two sub-plots, with plots as the light...
Physical properties of a latosol eutrophic red under management systems after different winter crops successful by the soybean crop
October 2016
The objective was to verify the influence of winter crops under management mechanical (roller knife) and chemical (glyphosate), on soil physical properties and yield of soybeans. The experiment was carried out at the field under randomized block design in tracks scheme. The treatments consisted of four different winter crops (oats IPR 126, wheat BRS Tarumãt crambe FMS Bright and forage radish cultivar common) in...
Determination of parameters for selection of Eucalyptus clones tolerant to drought
October 2016
Climatic changes have induced the spread of aridity in many parts of the globe. Eucalyptus plantations show wide variations in productivity due to several factors, including climatic changes. Therefore, Eucalyptus genotypes that can adapt to such conditions is very welcome. Thus, an evaluation was done by comparing the physiological responses of two Eucalyptus genotypes, tolerant and drought-sensitive. They were...
An optimization model for the combined planning and harvesting of sugarcane with maturity considerations
October 2016
Planting and harvesting are important stages in the sugarcane crop cycle, because well planned planting and harvesting phases promote a series of benefits throughout the cultivation cycle and in the subsequent industrial use of the products. These benefits are operational, economic and environmental such as: improved utilization of the land area and transport logistics; an increase in sugarcane output; better cane...
Effects of agricultural spray adjuvants in surface tension reduction and spray retention on Eucalyptus leaves
October 2016
Agricultural spray adjuvants (ASA) are widely used in pesticide applications to enhance the effective control of pest, weed and disease. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of ASA used in Brazil agriculture on surface tension reducing capacity and foliar spray retention on different Eucalyptus species. Static surface tension of adjuvants at concentrations of 0.001, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05,...
Simulation of oat grain (Avena sativa) using its panicle components and nitrogen fertilizer
October 2016
Nitrogen fertilizer management modifies oat (Avena sativa) panicle components and its grain yield. The work aims to study the potential of the variables of oat (A. sativa) panicle with N-fertilizer, and to simulatate its grain yield using multiple linear regression in succession systems of high and reduced N-residual release. The study was done in 2013 and 2014. The experiment was done in a complete randomized block of...
Growth and composition of sugarcane and chemical attributes of the soil by fertilizing with different levels of cow manure
October 2016
Four months after planting sugarcane variety RB867515, fertilized with 0.0, 4.5, 9.0, 13.5 and 18.0 Mg ha-1 of cow manure, there was positive linear effect of the fertilizer on plant height and stalk diameter, quadratic positive effect on width and length of the largest leaf, and no effect on number of plants m-1 linear and the number of leaves plant-1. At 10 months, there was quadratic positive effect of cow manure on...
Losses of pesticides in runoff from cotton crops under different management systems
October 2016
In this study the concentrations of the atrazine, desethylatrazine (DEA), desisopropylatrazine (DIA), azoxistrobin, carbendazim, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, diuron, endosulfan alpha and beta endosulfan sulfate, malathion, metolachlor, methomyl, monocrotofos, permethrin, profenofos, teflubenzuron, thiacloprid, tiametoxan and triflumuron were assessed in runoff water from cotton plantations under different management...
Effect of type of fuel and speed of engine on the performance of agricultural tractor
October 2016
Given the need for new alternatives to finite source of energy from fossil fuels, testing of alternative fuels has become quite important. Studies have been carried out using sets of tractor with equipment to evaluate the operational performance together with supplying diesel and biodiesel. Biodiesel is a feasible alternative as it waives adjustments in diesel cycle engines, unlike other clean fuels such as natural gas...
Residual effect of herbicides 2,4-D and Glyphosate on soybeans in a Brazilian Cerrado Ultisol
October 2016
The use of herbicides for weed desiccation is what enables the no-tillage system, which increasingly stimulates the growth of the agrochemical market, in particular the class of herbicides. This study aimed to assess 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl-glycine) herbicides mixture persistence in soybeans of Ultisol in the Brazilian Cerrado. The study was conducted in a greenhouse with a...
Agro-morphological diversity within field pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes
October 2016
The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity present in twelve Algerian pea genotypes using 24 agro-morphological traits. The experiment was carried out during three growing seasons (2013 to 2014, 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016). ANOVA analysis revealed the presence of a great genetic variability for all characters studied. This diversity might be used in breeding programs. Also, expression of...
Productivity and physical properties of corn grains treated with different gypsum doses
October 2016
The productivity of corn grains is directly associated with factors related to soil fertility, which are relevant to the application of gypsum (calcium sulphate), in addition to variables inherent to the grain. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the variability of the physical properties of grains (circularity, roundness, bulk density, real density, volume and porosity) and production components...
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