Postharvest diseases of tomato and natural products for disease management
March 2017
Gray mold and soft rot are the most important postharvest diseases of tomato worldwide. A survey of fresh-market tomato fruit was conducted in Oahu to determine which fungal and bacterial pathogens were most commonly associated with postharvest disease. Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Mucor, Stemphyllium, Rhizopus and Penicillium were the most frequently isolated fungi and Acetobacter,...
Impact of cassava starch-alginate based coatings added with ascorbic acid and elicitor on quality and sensory attributes during pineapple storage
February 2017
Pineapple is a tropical fruit of great consume demand. However, due to its high perishability at room conditions, there is noticeable loss of quality postharvest in a short period. In this context, the use of biodegradable coatings is a promising alternative for maintaining postharvest quality. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of cassava starch-alginate based biodegradable coatings added with ascorbic...
Does the quality of Luehea divaricata seedlings in the nursery correspond to their behavior in the field?
February 2017
The species, Luehea divaricata offers great ecological and timber potential in addition to a wide geographic distribution, although there are few studies comparing seedling production in the nursery with its development in the field. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the performance of L. divaricata seedlings produced in different substrates in the nursery, as well as verify if the results obtained influence...
Viability of the use of grass in the cultivation of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum
February 2017
The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of ten types of grasses as base substrate for the cultivation of strain GLM-10/02 of Ganoderma lucidum, considering the chemical characterization of the substrates, the biological efficiency (BE), the quantification of fresh and dry basidiomata and the number of basidiomata as evaluation criteria. Ten treatments were outlined, made up with napier or elephant grass...
Challenges of herdsmen-farmers’ conflict in livestock production in Nigeria: Experience of pastoralists in Kogi State, Nigeria
February 2017
Herders-farmers’ conflict is wide spread and a formidable challenge to livestock production in Nigeria. The study examined challenges faced by pastoralists in conflict with farming communities. A total of 72 Fulani pastoralists from transit camps were used. Data were collected by use of structured interview schedule, focus group discussion and personal observation and analysed using descriptive statistics and...
Assessing environmental and social impacts of the oil palm industry in Ghana: A project synthesis
February 2017
The oil palm industry has many positive benefits, particularly as a key source of livelihoods for rural dwellers, but it also has negative impacts on the society and environment. For instance, poorly planned oil palm cultivation can increase the rate of natural forest loss, and contribute to unfair labour conditions on plantations and processing mills. It is therefore important for sustainable oil palm project...
Socioeconomic determinants of hybrid maize adoption in Kenya
February 2017
Kenya has increasingly relied on modern agricultural technology to increase productivity since land extensification is no longer a feasible option to satisfy national food demands. Hybrid maize varieties have been one of the more successful technologies developed, responsible for dramatic yield increases in the developed world since World War II and more recently as an integral part of the Green Revolution. The purpose...
Soil pH, available P of an ultisol and castor performance as influenced by contrasting tillage methods and wood ash
February 2017
The effect of tillage methods and rates of wood ash on soil chemical properties and castor bean plant performance was studied in field trial at Abakaliki in three planting seasons. The experiment was a split plot in randomized complete block design with three tillage methods (mound, ridge, flat) and four rates of wood ash (0, 2t, 4 and 6 tha-1) replicated three times. Crop start version 7.2 was used to analyze data...
Aluminum buffering in acid soil under mineral gypsum application
February 2017
Many researches have performed on gypsum application to correct high exchangeable aluminum content in acidic soils, especially in subsurface. Although, they have found increases in the exchangeable calcium and sulfur contents, exchangeable aluminum has not been decreased. The exchangeable aluminum buffering by organic matter may contribute to non-significant reduction in exchangeable acidity. The objective of this study...
Adjustment of decay rates of organic matter in a Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo in the Araripe National Forest, Brazil
February 2017
The use of mathematical models is an alternative way to understand how management practices affect soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics because such models yield results on time scales that would be impossible to observe in field studies. The aim of this study was to parameterise and calibrate the application Century 4.0 in terms of the edaphoclimatic conditions of a Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo of the Araripe Plateau and...
Effect of Global-GAP policy on smallholder French beans farmers’ climate change adaptation strategies in Kenya
February 2017
This study analyzed the role of Global-GAP policy, on smallholder French beans farmers’ climate change adaptation strategies in, fruit and vegetables farming. It considered: (1) the prevailing adaptation strategies used by the farmers; (2) regional differences in the farmers’ adaptation strategies; and (3) how Global-GAP policy influence the farmers’ decisions on the use of adaptation strategies. A...
Wheat yield obtained from nitrogen dose and fractionation
February 2017
It is possible to increase nitrogen for wheat productivity by adjusting the single and fractionated dose based on the condition of the agricultural year. The objective of this work is to study the highest amount of nitrogen used for the production of wheat using single dose or fractionation under favorable and unfavorable cultivation years. The study was conducted in 2012, 2013 and 2014 in...
Effects of edible coating materials and stages of maturity at harvest on storage life and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) fruits
February 2017
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits due to their high moisture content are spoiled and deteriorate in short period of time. Once fruits are harvested, respiration and transpiration are the two major physiological processes that significantly affect storage life and quality of the fruits. However, effects of these processes can be minimized through optimizing harvesting stage of fruits and applying physical...
Treatments and utilization of swine waste in Brazil
February 2017
Swine wastes obtained from farming activities have the greatest impact on the environment by environmental agencies. Swine wastes together with poor management represent risks to the environment. In Brazil, these activities significantly increased in the last years and from 2014, the country became the fourth largest producer in the world. Swine wastes are generated in high amounts due to the confinement system used...
Artificial neural networks in whole-stand level modeling of Eucalyptus plants
February 2017
Forestry production is traditionally predicted using mathematical modelling, where whole-stand models are prominent for providing estimates of growth and production per unit area. However, there is a need to perform research that adopts innovative tools, such as artificial Intelligence techniques. The objective of this study was to train and evaluate the efficiency of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in the modeling...
Agronomical and morphological diversity of the accessions of cassava in Central African Republic
February 2017
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important subsistence food crop in Central African Republic. Data collections for the agronomical and morphological characterization provided 59 accessions of Cassava and were subjected to multivariate analysis to discriminate groups of accessions according to their morphological features. The Eigenvalues of the principal axes extracted from the multivariate analysis indicated...
Physical and physiological attributes of black oat seeds produced in southern Brazil
February 2017
Black oat crop occupies the largest area during winter. It is important for animal production, crop rotation and dry matter production of approximately 3.8 million hectares in Rio Grande do Sul State. To ensure sowing, seeds are produced which must have high quality standards and must be evaluated by seed testing laboratories. Given this, the present study evaluated the physical and physiological quality of oat seeds...
Cryopreservation and effect of lighting conditions and cytokinins on in vitro multiplication of Miconia ligustroides (DC.) Naudin
February 2017
Miconia ligustroides is a species that is native to Brazil and has medicinal and ecological importance. However, the species shows a lack of uniformity and delay in ex vitro germination. Thus, this study aimed to establish in vitro propagation for the species and to develop a protocol for the cryopreservation of seeds. For in vitro germination, activated charcoal (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g L-1) was tested in Murashige...
Long-term application of swine manure on soybean grown in no-till system in Savannah soils
February 2017
The application of liquid swine manure (LSM) in the soil as biofertilizer is one of the most recycling alternatives adopted, because the nutrients contained in this residue can override, in part or totally, commercial fertilizers, crop productivity with a reduction in production costs. The goal with this work was to evaluate the use of LSM as a substitute of mineral fertilization on soybean culture in conditions of...
Impact of climate change on cotton production in Burkina Faso
February 2017
This paper evaluated the impact of climate change on cotton production in Burkina Faso. An econometric analysis resulted in identifying the major factors influencing cotton yields and evaluating the likely effects of future climate change. The results of our study regarding the potential impact of future climate change on cotton yield indicated that further increases in global temperature would significantly reduce the...
Automation in the control of a water mixer used for sanitation of bovine milking unit
February 2017
The milking unit sanitization is necessary after use. The processes are usually divided in steps and each one needs water at different temperatures for proper cleaning. However, to get the right temperature for each step cannot be easily achieved manually in rural properties. A hot water and cold water flow are needed. The farmer will need to properly mix the two water flows in order to reach a desired...
Response of phosphorous fertilizer and its recommendation for food barley (Hordium vulgare L.) production on Nitisols of central Ethiopian highlands
February 2017
Nowadays, making available proper and balanced fertilizer recommendations is of paramount importance in order to confirm security and increase crop productivity in sustainable way for farmers and other stakeholders. Soil test based phosphorous calibration study was conducted for barley (Hordium vulgare L.) on Nitosols of farmers’ fields in West Shewa, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The experiment was...
Leaf area of sugarcane varieties and their correlation with biomass productivity in three cycles
February 2017
The objective of this work is to study the leaf area and biomass production of 4 sugarcane varieties in cane plant cycles, first and second regrowth. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Jequiá in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. A randomized block design with 5 replications was used. The treatments were 4 cultivars: RB92579, SP813250, RB867515 and VAT90212. The length and width of the sheet + 3 were determined...
Relations among phenotypic traits of soybean pods and growth habit
February 2017
This study aims to identify the phenotypic effects of traits associated with soybean pods and their growth habit. The experiments were carried out during the 2012 - 2013 agricultural year. It was done in randomized blocks arranged in a 2×20 factorial design (environments × soybean cultivars) with three replications. Data were subjected to individual analysis of variance for each environment and growth habit...
Wheat blast research: Status and imperatives
February 2017
Wheat blast is relatively a new disease of wheat that first appeared in Brazil in 1985. It did spread to some other neighbouring countries in the following years and owing to its predisposing factors, was feared to be capable of moving across continental boundaries. The disease has now been reported from Bangladesh. Wheat blast at best can be described as poorly understood as both pathogen and its pathogenicity as well...
Evaluation of nonlinear econometric models to estimate the wood volume of amazon forests
February 2017
Effective timber extraction from primary managed forests requires accurate estimates of the annual volumes of wood. Unlike other studies, this paper uses dummy variables to capture the effects of atypical observations and to estimate the volumetric equations using nonlinear least squares. The results show that the artificial variables are important for the model’s specification, and that the use of nonlinear least...
Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917), an emerging agricultural pest in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current and prospective management strategies
February 2017
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop for income and nutrition of small-holder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. However, it is attacked by many insect pests that cause high economic losses. This review focuses on one insect pest, namely Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Many studies have shown that chemical pesticides have failed to control tomato leafminer in many parts...
Performance variation among improved common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes under sole and intercropping with maize (Zea mays L.)
February 2017
Periodic assessment of released common bean cultivars is essential to screen genotypes that offer superior intercropping advantage to farmers when grown in association with maize. Thus, comparative performance of improved genotypes representing commonly used growth habit and market classes were investigated under sole and intercropping system at Halaba special district, Southern Ethiopia. Treatments consisted of a...
Validation of a phenological model for coffee tree productivity in Southern State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
February 2017
There are studies on the current state of understanding productivity models, focusing on the applicability of different estimation models for coffee tree productivity; the majority involving a considerable level of complexity. Thus, when searching for a simple and direct association between phenological characteristics and coffee productivity, doing research on this hypothesis is necessary. In this study, we aimed to...
Climatization for scheduled ripening of caja-manga
February 2017
Being a climacteric fruit, the caja harvested still green has uneven ripening. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ripening techniques aiming to promote a uniform ripening and reduction of quality loss in caja-manga fruits. The treatments resulted from the application of four ripening techniques (control, muffled, ethrel, and calcium carbide) and they were evaluated in 5 times, with 3 days...
Mathematical analysis of morphological traits and their effects on body weight in the red crab (Charybdis feriata)
February 2017
The red crab (Charybdis feriata) is one of most important fishery resource in China. In the present study, 17 morphological traits and body weight of C. feriata were first measured and 18 traits were characterized, and then, the effects of morphological traits on body weight were estimated by statistical methods including correlation coefficients, determination coefficients, path coefficients and regression equations....
Structure of soyabeans markets in Benue and Enugu States, Nigeria
February 2017
The importance of agricultural marketing in national development cannot be over-emphasized. The study examined the structure of soyabeans markets in Benue and Enugu States, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using questionnaire admininstered to 207 marketers. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, regression model, HHI, Gini coefficient and lorenz curve. The result showed that the major determinants of...
Basic experimental unit and plot sizes with the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation in sunn hemp
February 2017
The influence of the basic experimental unit size on the plot size estimation determined by the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation model is unknown in sunn hemp. This study aimed to verify the influence of the basic experimental unit (BEU) size in the estimate of the optimum plot size obtained by the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation model for the evaluation of fresh...
Productivity, nutritional quality and phenotypical stability of varieties of silage sorghum in Uberlândia, MG
February 2017
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a good alternative for silage, especially in places with water scarcity and high temperatures, due to their morphological and physiological characteristics. Proper management contributes both to productivity and to the quality of forage. The present study was conducted with the following objectives: To evaluate the agronomic and bromatological performance of varieties of sorghum...
Performance of an improved manual cassava harvesting tool as influenced by planting position and cassava variety
February 2017
Cassava has become an important food security crop in Ghana over the years and in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa; making it the single most important source of dietary energy. Harvesting, one of the serious bottlenecks in the cassava production value chain, has received little attention in terms of mechanisation. Earlier attempts at mechanising cassava harvesting have been challenged mainly by inappropriate method of...
Peat influence on Zn tolerance, bioconcentration and bioaccumulation in Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden
February 2017
Soil contamination with zinc occurs in mining and agricultural areas through successive applications of pig slurry. Essential to the selection and adaptation of plants to contaminated soil, is the study of species showing not only tolerance but also bioaccumulation or bioconcentration of zinc associated with amelioration. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of peat addition on the tolerance,...
Radiological hazard of coffee to humans: a comparative study of Arabian and Turkish coffees
February 2017
Thirty-nine Arabian and Turkish coffee powder samples purchased from various markets in Saudi Arabia were analyzed by High Pure Germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometry to determine the activity concentrations of the natural and artificial radionuclides 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs, and 40K. All samples, (except for two samples of Turkish coffee) were found to contain a high mean content of 40K, ranging from 839.83 to 1197.11...
Adaptability and stability of wheat cultivars sown on different dates in West Paraná
February 2017
This study aimed to assess adaptability and stability of different wheat cultivars on different sowing dates in western region of Paraná, Brazil. The assay was composed by following wheat cultivars: CD 154, CD 1252, CD 108, CD 151, CD 1550, CD 104, CD 1440, CD 116, CD 150, and CD 1104, which were sown on three different dates: April 29th 2014, May 20th 2014, and June 26th 2014. The methods used to determine...
Physiological and agronomic characteristics of cassava genotypes
February 2017
This experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating physiological and agronomic characteristics of cassava genotypes in the municipality of Cândido Sales, State of Bahia, Brazil, between October 2010 and August 2012. Complete randomized block design was used, with three replications and 28 treatments formed by genotypes Amansa Burro, Aramaris, Bom Jardim, Bromadeira, Caipira, Caitité, Caravela,...
Spatial patterns of soil attributes in a fluvent in the semiarid region, Brazil
February 2017
Spatial variability studies on soil attributes are fundamental for adoption of best agricultural practices concerned with irrigated agricultural sustainability. This study aims to infer the spatial variability patterns of soil moisture, soils salinity and soil texture in an irrigated area of Pernambuco State (Brazil) under cultivation of carrot (Daucus Carota L.), during the dry period of 2012. The area is a typical...
Rooting inducers and organic substrates in the propagation of 'Paluma' guava by cutting
February 2017
To produce seedlings with quality is one of the factors that mostly contribute to increase the production chain of a fruit crop. The use of organic substrates in the production of seedlings becomes a way to reduce costs by using raw material available regionally. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of rooting inducers and the contribution of organic substrates to improve the rooting of herbaceous...
Effect of seed desiccation and sucrose concentration on the in vitro establishment of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes var. gardneri) seedlings
February 2017
Mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes var. gardneri) is one of the most important fruit trees in the cerrado biome, its fruits being highly valued both for in natura consumption and for processing. Although its seeds are delicate, losing viability within a few hours after collection, seeds still represent the predominant tool of propagation multiplication of this species, since the plant encounters limitations in the...
Sanitary analysis, transmissibility and pathogenicity of fungi associated with cashew nuts
January 2017
There are few reports of transmission of fungus associated with cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Brazil and worldwide. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of anthracnose on leaves and fruits (nuts) of cashew, nuts sanitary analysis, nuts-seedling transmission and pathogenicity of fungi associated with cashew nuts. To this end, leaves and nuts of cashew collected in the cities...
Anti-atherogenic properties associated with the antioxidant activity from the hydrophilic extracts of Halimeda incrassata (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales)
January 2017
Seaweeds are a source of natural antioxidants having potential application in oxidative stress and associated diseases. In this work, anti-atherogenic properties associated with the antioxidant activity from the hydrophilic extracts of Halimeda incrassata were studied. The phenolic content assessed in the aqueous extract and fraction phenolic acids (FPA) was 0.13 ± 0.05 and 0.47 ± 0.09 mg of gallic acid...
Phytosociology and weed interference in okra under organic cropping system
January 2017
A research was carried out to study phytosociology and to determine the periods of weed interference in the okra crop in organic cropping system. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 20 treatments and four replications. The treatments were 10 periods of weed coexistence with the crop during 0-7, 0-14, 0-21, 0-28, 0-35, 0-42, 0-49, 0-56, 0-63 and 0-74 days after crop emergence (DAE) and...
Spatial variability of soil physical and chemical aspects in a Brazil nut tree stand in the Brazilian Amazon
January 2017
The Brazil nut is considered one of the noblest trees of the Amazon biome and contains social, ecologic and economic importance to this region. The study of the spatial variance of the edaphic properties in native nut trees can direct future researches about more efficient samplings. The Geostatistics is the methodology utilized for this type of study, once that it considers the structural and random characteristics of...
Determination of heavy metals in the roasted and ground coffee beans and brew
January 2017
Some compounds present in coffee beans can affect consumer health. The present study determines the content of heavy metal in coffee cultivated in the Cerrado Mineiro region (Alto Paranaíba – MG, Brazil), to compare the values found with the legal standards and check how these metals are extracted from the respective infusions. Fifty samples of coffee beans were analyzed, taken from the Alto...
Physiological aspects in cotton cultivars in response to application leaf gibberellic acid
January 2017
The cotton plant is a species of the Malvaceae family and is relevant to the Brazilian and world economy, mainly because of the textile fiber. However, there was an increase in cotton production because it is necessary for the use of inputs or stimulants, such as the use of gibberellic acid, which has contributed in improving the physiological processes of plants. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of gibberellic...
Stalk productivity and quality of three sugarcane varieties at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the harvest
January 2017
This paper evaluated the stalk productivity and quality of the RB961552 and RB98710 sugarcane varieties, compared with RB92579, during the cane-plant and regrowth cycles. The study was conducted in a random block experimental design with five repetitions. The plots composed of 7 furrows measuring 8 m in length with 1.0 m spacing. Juice quality from the lower, middle, and upper thirds of the industrialized stalks was...
Abundance and distribution of Ixodid tick species infesting cattle reared under traditional farming systems in Tanzania
January 2017
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are serious constraints to livestock production in Tanzania and other sub-Saharan African countries. Despite this, knowledge on the abundance of tick species infesting cattle in most parts of Tanzania is insufficient or lacking. This study was conducted to identify species and establish the abundance of ticks infesting cattle in Mara, Singida and Mbeya regions of Tanzania. The ticks were...
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