Effect of saline water, bovine biofertilizer and potassium on yellow passion fruit growth after planting and on soil salinity
August 2016
The monitoring of plants growth constitutes an important activity during the crops formation, including the yellow passion fruit. In this direction, an experiment was carried out in Remigio, Paraiba State, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of saline water irrigation, bovine biofertilizer and potassium on yellow passion fruit growth plants and soil salinity. Treatments were arranged in randomized block with three...
Profit loss per hectare according to profit efficiency level among smallholder rice farmers in Central Liberia
August 2016
Self-sufficiency in rice production has been an essential issue in the Liberian agriculture sector. With the increasing demand and low national productivity of rice (1.2 t/ha), Liberia remains a net importer of rice unless domestic production improves significantly. This study was conducted to analyze smallholder rice farmers’ level of efficiency and profit-loss due to allocative and technical inefficiencies. A...
Evaluation of morphological aspects of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for post-flowering drought resistance in Rift Valley of Ethiopia
August 2016
The development of bean varieties adapted to drought situations is a key strategy to minimize crop failure and improve food security. In this study, 25 genotypes of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown under post flowering drought stress and non-stress conditions to evaluate their performance at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center during the off-season months (from December to May) in 2011/2012. The...
Agronomic performance and industrial yield of sugarcane under water-saving irrigation in cerrado soil
August 2016
The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and gross yield of sugar and ethanol of first-year sugarcane with water-saving irrigation via hose-drawn traveller using a line of sprinklers. The experimental design was randomized blocks, analyzed in a split plot scheme with four replications. The factors evaluated in the plots consisted of five levels water-saving irrigation applied after planting (0, 30, 45, 60...
Effect of hydro and osmo priming on yield and yield components of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
August 2016
A field study was conducted at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research center station under rain fed condition with the objectives to determine the effect of seed priming for improving chickpea variety productivity and to determine the effectiveness of seed priming treatment and variety on stand establishment. The experimental factors were laid out in RCBD with three replications. The study indicated that all the phenological...
Assessing the financial viability for small scale fish farmers in Namibia
August 2016
The aim of this study is to assess the financial viability of small-scale fish farmers in central northern Namibia, namely Oshikoto Region, Oshana Region, Omusati Region and Ohangwena region; who receive fingerlings on a continuously basis from the Ministry of Fishery and Marine Resources Ongwediva extension office. Out of the 76 active farmers, two-third (37) farmers were randomly selected and interviewed for this...
Rainfall trend and variability analysis in Setema-Gatira area of Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia
August 2016
In this study, the trend and variability of rainfall were analyzed for Setema and Gatira meteorological stations. Daily rainfall data for two stations was obtained from National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia. Mann-Kendall’s test was employed for a rainfall trend analysis. Standardized rainfall anomaly index, rainfall concentration index and coefficient of variation were used as descriptors of rainfall...
Nematicidal effect of Crambe abyssinica leaf extracts to Meloidogyne javanica on tomato
August 2016
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) interferes with the production of tomato. The indiscriminate use of chemical nematicides brings negative consequences to society. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crambe extract on the control of M. javanica, with different modes and application times, in tomato. Studies were conducted during the 2014 cropping season at the climatized greenhouse located at...
Morphological analysis of fruits, seeds, and seedling germination Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd
August 2016
The understanding of the morphology of fruits, seeds and seedlings is very important on the identification and the preservation of species. The work describes and illustrates morphological characteristics of fruits, seeds, germination, and seedlings of Acasia farnesiana. The fruits were collected manually from parent trees selected at random, in the municipality of Sousa State of Paraíba. After collection, they...
Special liming materials for acidity control of soils with variable charge
August 2016
Soil acidity has been the major limiting factor to farming activities in the tropics and subtropics. The objective of this study was to verify the efficacy of special liming materials, when compared with the dolomitic limestone, regarding the correction of soil acidity with variable charge in controlled conditions. Samples of a Typic Dystrudept and Rhodic Hapludox were collected from a of layer 0-20 cm, and used to...
Drying of hulled naturally processed coffee with high moisture content and its impacts on quality
August 2016
This study aimed to propose a new method to reduce the time needed for coffee processing and drying and to verify this method’s possible impact on both the sensorial and physiological qualities of coffee. The method, which entails hulling coffee with different moisture contents by removing the entire pericarp before completing the drying, reduced the operating time by more than 50% as compared to the normal drying...
Effect of seed component ratios and cutting regime on the performances of annual ryegrass and burr medic mixtures
August 2016
A research was carried out in Sardinia (Italy) to identify the best combination and management in binary mixtures of Lolium rigidum Gaudin Nurra (L) and Medicago polymorpha L. Anglona (P) new released varieties of both species. Two pure stands (L100P0 and L0P100) and three mixtures (L75P25, L50P50 and L25P75) were compared under two cutting regimes; a commercial mixture was also included in the experiment as test....
Study of the variability, correlation and importance of chemical and nutritional characteristics in cactus pear (Opuntia and Nopalea)
August 2016
Cactus pear is a widely cultivated plant in the Brazilian semiarid region that contributes significantly to the feeding of livestock, especially in times of drought. Because it has a great phenotypic variability among the varieties cultivated in Brazil, there is need to characterize the diversity of chemical and nutritional characteristics. The objectives of this study were to characterize the diversity in seven...
Nitrate leaching in irrigated inorganic agriculture: A case study of Mashare commercial farm in Namibia, Okavango River Basin
August 2016
Irrigation schemes in old flood plains of the Okavango River were identified as major non-point sources of sediment nutrients and leachates despite lack of supporting evidence from studies that measured nutrient levels in the river’s mainstream using grab samples. Hence this study sought to check for evidence of loss and transport of nitrates from an irrigated field into the uncultivated riparian zones of the...
Challenges facing agricultural cooperative system: Analysing participation using a discrete choice model for the southern communal area of Namibia
August 2016
The problem of trust, non-transparency, and dysfunctionality has been ascribed to the character and the nature of the agricultural cooperative system in Namibia. Perhaps the true characterisation of the problem is not known with certainty albeit, the concern about the role of the institution, government intervention and member laxity. Further insight from the institutional economics suggests that organisational...
Study of the genetic variability, correlation and importance of phenotypic characteristics in cactus pear (Opuntia and Nopalea)
August 2016
The cactus pear is a widely cultivated plant in the Northeast of Brazil, contributing significantly to the feeding of livestock, especially in times of drought. Because of the high variation between phenotypic varieties grown in this region, it is essential to study the genetic diversity. The objectives of this study were to characterize the genetic diversity in seven varieties of cactus pear, genera Opuntia and...
Growth and production of common bean in direct seeding under irrigated deficit condition
August 2016
Plant growth is one of the most sensitive physiological processes to water deficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate different levels of water replacement combined in two periods of the bean cycle, cv. IAC Alvorada, with respect to the biometric parameters. The study was carried out for two years (2010 and 2011) in a Red Latosol, distroferric, of clay texture, in Botucatu, SP. The experimental design was a...
Efficiency of commercial products for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary in soybean cultivar NS 5909 RG
August 2016
The constant assessment of methods of disease control is essential in achieving production regularity and for ongoing increments in soybean productivity. Among the various diseases, the intensity of the white mold has been increasing, caused especially by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. The present work has the objective to assess different seed treatments in association with fungicide application to...
Physical and physicochemical attributes of noni fruits fertilized with cattle manure and potassium
July 2016
Noni has been introduced in Brazil just over a decade ago. Therefore, the information regarding crop fertilization and its influence on fruit quality is rare in the literature. Among macronutrients, potassium is highly concentrated in noni plants, and fertilization with cattle manure contributes to plant nutrition and fruit quality. This study sought to evaluate the effect of potassium fertilizer and cattle manure on...
Diversity of soil macrofauna under sugarcane monoculture and two different natural vegetation types
July 2016
Soil macrofauna organisms are recognized as ecological indicators of soil management practices. Sugarcane monoculture can have negative impacts on soil, including biodiversity loss, which should be evaluated. In that sense, the aim of this was to determine the diversity macrofauna under sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) annual growth cycle (2012-2013) comparing two different natural vegetation areas (Sandbank and Atlantic...
Gelatin extraction from Kumakuma (Brachyplathystoma filamentosum) skin using the liming method
July 2016
Gelatin extraction process from Kumakuma (Brachyplathystoma filamentosum) skin was optimized using a calcium hydroxide solution. The gelatin obtained was characterized through scanning electron microscopy and analyses of yield, gel strength, color, viscosity, amino acid profile, melting point, foaming capacity, and emulsifying capacity. The optimized conditions were defined over ten days of pre-treatment at 50°C....
Soil porosity and density in sugarcane cultivation under different tillage systems
July 2016
Monitoring the physical quality of soils under intensive sugarcane production requires sustainable forms of use and soil management. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of soil tillage systems on soil porosity and density in ratoon-cane cultivation, in addition to possible changes which may occur during the season. The experiment was carried out in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The...
Phosphorus and silicon fertilizer rates effects on dynamics of soil phosphorus fractions in oxisol under common bean cultivation
July 2016
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of P and Si fertilizer rates in dynamic of P fractions in clay soil under greenhouse. The research was carried out in a Dystroferric Red Latosol of a very loamy texture from Lavras city, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experimental design was entirely randomized, arranged in 4 × 3 factorial design, with four repetitions. The treatments included four...
Improvement of maize yield and soil fertility by 2-years compost application in Malawi’s northern districts
July 2016
Fertilizer use in Malawi is limited due to the relatively high fertilizer price, improvement of fertilizer efficiency is therefore necessary to enhance both maize yield and soil fertility. 2-years compost application was conducted to evaluate its effectiveness in improving soil fertility and enhancing maize yields. Compost application was shown to be effective even at the early stage of application in improving soil...
Yield and quality of dual-purpose barley and triticale in a semi-arid environment in Tunisia
July 2016
The semi-arid region of Tunisia is characterized by a low and erratic rainfall. This makes year-round maintenance of pasture and forage production under non-irrigated conditions both costly and difficult. In order to fill the winter feed gap in the livestock cycle; some cereals can be used as dual-purpose. This study aimed at evaluating agronomic performances and grain quality of two dual-purposes cereal crops, Barley...
Statistical process control in self compensating emitters using water at different saline concentrations
July 2016
The statistical process control applied in the irrigation systems allows the visualization of process to reduce wastage of inputs, such as water and energy quality, which contributes to assessing its proper functioning, and feasibility of implementation and operation. That is why it is necessary to evaluate the self-compensating emitters using saline water at different concentrations. This experiment was applied in the...
Exchangeable cations and available phosphorus in soils with variable charge after application of special liming materials
July 2016
Special liming materials have the potential to control soil acidity and constitute a source of nutrients for plant development. In this study, the efficiency of special liming materials was evaluated. Their effects in soil exchangeable cations and available P concentrations were compared with the ones of dolomitic limestone (DL). Samples of Typic Distrudept and Rhodic Hapludox were collected from 0 to 20 cm layer. Two...
Characterization of goat production systems and trait preferences of goat keepers in Bench Maji zone, south western Ethiopia
July 2016
Studies to characterize goat production system and identify breeding practices and trait preferences of goat keepers were conducted in three districts (Sheko, Shey Bench and Meanit Shasha) of Bench Maji zone, southwestern Ethiopia. Semi-structured questionnaires and own-flock ranking experiments were employed for data collection. The results of the analyses revealed that the average goat flock size was 9.8±9.3....
Potential for recovery of Campomanesia xanthocarpa Mart. ex O. berg seedlings from water deficit
July 2016
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of water deficit and the recovery potential following rehydration, on the metabolism of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seedlings. The seedlings were distributed in two groups: the first group was the control, in which, plants were hydrated periodically in order to maintain 70% water holding capacity and the second was the treatment group characterized by stress, in which...
Growth analysis of sugarcane inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria and nitrogen fertilization
July 2016
The use of inoculants containing growth-promoting diazotrophic bacteria can stimulate mass and nutrient accumulation in sugarcane. The purpose of this study was to evaluate plant growth and accumulation of macroelements in sugarcane, variety RB92579, under bacterial inoculation with or without N fertilization. The field experiment was carried out in a Red-Yellow Podzolic soil in Seropédica, RJ, in a randomized...
Saline water and organic matter in the development and quality of Licania rigida Benth. seedlings
July 2016
Licania rigida Benth. (oiticica) is a native species from the Northeastern Brazil. In this sense, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water and organic matter on the growth and quality of oiticica seedlings. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block using a 5 × 2 factorial design related to electrical conductivity of irrigation water at 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and...
Abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure and antioxidant defenses in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings submitted to moderate water deficit
July 2016
The objective of this research was to evaluate the biochemical changes in leaves from different genotypes of J. curcas in order to extend knowledge regarding the mechanisms of tolerance to water deficit and its variation in different genotypes. Potted plants of three genotypes (CNPAE 126, 137 and 139) were cultivated under water deficit conditions for 66 days. Two watering regimes, as measured by the percentage of field...
Physiological quality of sesame seed harvested at different plant positions and maturity stages
July 2016
Being peculiar for its unique chemical and nutritional characteristics, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a good option for farmers. It is used as human food, animal feed and has great potential for the production of bio diesel. Despite these potentials, studies on ideal maturity stage for harvesting and physiological quality of sesame seeds in different parts of the plant are rare and also there is insufficient...
Photosynthesis and water relations of sunflower cultivars under salinity conditions
July 2016
The study of photosynthetic responses in plants provides useful information for understanding the physiological processes involved in the salinity tolerance and susceptibility mechanisms of sunflower cultivars. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gas exchange responses, water relations (stress hydric), and growth characteristics of two sunflower cultivars, Agrobel 963 and Aguará 4, subjected to...
Physiological potential of tamarind seeds subjected to stress conditions and storage
July 2016
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a fruit species native to Equatorial Africa, India and Southeast Asia. Its seeds experience slow germination, thus, study on the influence of environmental factors, such as water and salt stresses, on seed germination, is required to assess the tolerance of these seeds to storage, and to maintain the vigor and the viability in the period between harvesting and sowing. The objective of...
Changes in soil organic carbon fractions in response to sugarcane planting in the central-south region of Brazil
July 2016
Sugarcane planting area in Brazil has considerably increased during recent years by occupying areas used for pasture and grain crops production. Land use change (LUC) processes related to sugarcane expansion can affect the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, and the quality of the soil organic matter. Preliminary studies have shown that the land-use transition into sugarcane leadto a decrease in the SOC, however no...
Growth, yield and content of trace elements in coffee fruits grown in soils under successive application of sewage sludge
July 2016
Brazil seeks to optimize the use of fertilizers by taking advantage of agricultural residues. The sewage sludge is used as organic matter in various crops such as coffee. However, an experiment in lysimeter was performed seeking to assess the growth, yield and content of zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium, lead and chromium in coffee fruits grown on Dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol (dRYL), Dystropherric Red Latosol (dRL) and...
Hydro-physical properties and organic carbon of a yellow oxysol under different uses
July 2016
Intensive soil use without a management plan based on its structures and limitations is the main cause of soil erosion and degradation. The physical properties changes of a studied agricultural area are evaluated by comparing with an area that did not suffer any modification caused by human activities, which is considered the ideal soil condition. This research evaluated the alterations in the hydro-physical properties...
Association of weather variables with yield and yield components of cotton (Gossypium hirsutun L.) at reproductive phenophase
July 2016
Growth and development of cotton is influenced by several environmental factors such as fertility and biology of soil, change in temperature, amount and distribution of rainfall and carbon dioxide concentration which are attributes of climate change. A field experiment was conducted to study the contribution of weather variables for the total variation in yield and yield components during reproductive phenophase of...
Genetic divergence of colored cotton based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers
July 2016
The management of colored cotton is an agricultural activity widely adopted by farmers located at Brazilian semiarid region. The fiber colors currently available are still limited to green and shades of brown, however, there is possibility to broaden the variability for this trait by using accessions from Gossypium Brazilian bank in breeding programs. Therefore, it is necessary to know the genetic diversity of available...
Nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and growth performance in buffalo calves fed citrus pulp as a concentrate source
July 2016
The study was planned to investigate the effects of dried citrus pulp on nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, growth performance and economics in Nilli Ravi buffalo calves. Twenty buffalo male calves of 18 to 24 months of age having 200 to 250 kg body weight were used in a randomized complete block design. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% dried...
Motivational factors involved in development of dairy-based innovations
July 2016
Agricultural innovations are crucial for attainment of food security and poverty reduction; this fact is universally accepted. Farmers are not only recipients of introduced scientific technologies. It is a well known fact that agricultural innovations can emerge from multiple sources including farmers; in fact, farmers have been innovating long before the emergence of formal research and development. These innovations...
Spatial variability of weeds in an Oxisol under no-tillage system
July 2016
In the global agribusiness, the herbicide use is a major problem for sustainable production, in this sense, it is necessary to better understand the interaction of weed species and floristic composition such as biodiversity indicators. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of weeds in an Oxisol under no-tillage system. Samples were taken in an area of 0.5 ha, in 50 sampling points with...
Effects of hormone balance on Korean Hackberry seed germination
July 2016
Korean Hackberry (Celtis koraiensis Nakai), an ornamental, deciduous tree, lacks species resources, and low germination percentage also prevent the exploitation. Thus it becomes necessary to investage the mechanism of seed dormancy. This research explored the effect of plant hormone and seed coat (endocarp and testa) on seed germination. Endogenous hormone concentration, protein content, total soluble sugars, total...
Companion plants associated with kale increase the abundance and species richness of the natural-enemies of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
July 2016
The effects of intercropping of Brassicaceae with coriander (Coriandrum sativum), dill (Anethum graveolens), African marigold (Tagetes erecta) and calendula (Calendula officinalis) on the abundance, species richness and diversity of predators and parasitoids of Lipaphis erysimi have been assessed. The numbers of aphids, parasitized aphids and natural enemies were determined during two consecutive phases. The first...
Wheat stem rust disease incidence and severity associated with farming practices in the Central Rift Valley of Kenya
July 2016
Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici) is a major disease of wheat that occurs more in the main wheat growing regions of Kenya. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and severity of wheat stem rust during the 2015 growing season. A survey was conducted in Mau-Narok, Njoro and Kabatini regions. During the survey work, 149 small scale wheat growers’ fields were assessed. The results revealed...
Chemical properties of soils in agroforestry homegardens and other land use systems in Eastern Amazon, Brazil
July 2016
Homegardens are considered as an alternative to preserve and/or restore the fertility and productivity of degraded soils. The assessment of changes in soil chemical properties resulting from land use and management is important to understand these changes and allow a rational intervention to ensure production on a sustainable basis. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the soil chemical properties of homegardens...
Screening of some rice varieties and landraces cultivated in Nigeria for drought tolerance based on phenotypic traits and their association with SSR polymorphism
July 2016
Breeding for drought tolerance based on direct selection for high grain yield under drought has been hindered by the complex nature of drought tolerance mechanisms and the approaches used. Molecular marker-based approaches are a promising alternative. In this study, 30 rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions cultivated in Nigeria were screened in a greenhouse for drought tolerance based on morpho-physiological traits and...
Evaluation of DSSAT model for sprinkler irrigated potato: A case study of Northeast Algeria
July 2016
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the performance of potato crop in two major irrigation schemes situated in the Northeast of Algeria. This area is characterized by alluvial soil texture, very fine clay, a very flat topography, and a typical Mediterranean climate. This was done to guide farmers on any changes to their crop management to improve the yields of potato crops. The model SUBSTOR-potato (Decision...
Agroindustrial yield of sugarcane grown under different levels of water replacement and nitrogen fertilization
July 2016
The sugar and alcohol sector has invested heavily in technologies to increase the productivity of sugarcane and consequently the gross income of sugar and alcohol; among these practices irrigation and fertilization stands out. The objective of this study is to evaluate the agro industrial and sugarcane yield (plant cane and first ratoon cycle) grown in the Sudoeste Goiano, Brazil, as affected by water replacement and...
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