Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus in HIV seropositive children in Lagos, Nigeria
January 2016
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may influence hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease through immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to determine the sero-prevalence of HCV in HIV sero-positive children in Lagos, Nigeria. 132 blood samples of children aged 1-15 years were collected at the HIV clinics of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). Confirmatory...
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique compared to conventional bacteriological and serological techniques in diagnosis of human brucellosis in Egypt
January 2016
Direct diagnosis of human brucellosis is performed by cultivation with the disadvantage of being time consuming and the increase risk of laboratory acquired infection to laboratory personnel handling and performing culture procedures. Serological techniques as serum agglutination test (SAT) can also be used for diagnosis with the disadvantage of false negative and positive results that may occur. This study aims to...
Carbapenem resistance mechanisms among blood isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli
January 2016
The purpose of this study was to characterize the different mechanisms of carbapenem resistance among blood isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Meropenem resistant isolates were included. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phenotypic and genotypic detection of carbapenemase production were performed. Genetic relatedness of blaNDM-1 producers was determined by pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis...
Molecular detection of resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid in tuberculosis patients in Senegal
January 2016
The aim of this study was to use molecular methods to determine the profile of resistance to rifampicin (RMP or RIF) and isoniazid (INH) in mycobacteria from tuberculosis patients in Senegal. Sputum samples (48) received by the mycobacterial laboratory of the National Antituberculosis Program (NATP) in Senegal between 2012 and 2014 were studied. Most of these samples came from patients in treatment failure or relapse...
Phenotypic and genotypic methods for detection of metallo beta lactamases among carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates in Alexandria Main University Hospital
January 2016
Dissemination of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) poses a considerable threat to public health. The aim of the present work was to estimate the prevalence of metallo beta lactamases (MBL) among CRE isolated from Alexandria Main University Hospital, Egypt, to evaluate the performance of different phenotypic methods for the detection of MBL, and to investigate the local antimicrobial sensitivity profile of...
Isolation, characterization, and properties study of probiotic lactic acid bacteria of selected yoghurt from Bangladesh
January 2016
Probiotics, as functional food components, are recognized as safe microorganisms of viable single or mixed cultures with claimed health promoting effects on their host by improving the properties of the indigenous intestinal microflora. In the present study, a total of ten probiotic lactic acid bacteria were isolated comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Bifidobacterium sp. and Streptococcus...
Safety characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from raw milk in Western Algeria
January 2016
Yersinia enterocolitica, an important food-borne enteric pathogen is associated with various clinical manifestations ranging from self-limited gastroenteritis to more invasive syndrome such as terminal ileitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis. The main aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of Y. enterocolitica in milk samples. For this purpose, one hundred (100) samples of raw cow’s milk were collected...
Listeria monocytogenes in food: Control by monitoring the food processing environment
January 2016
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that is widely dispersed in the environment; it is found in soil, water and plant material, and can grow at refrigeration temperature and at unfavourable conditions of pH (up to pH 4.7) and salt (up to 10%). It can persist in the harsh conditions of the food processing environment from which it can contaminate food. Listeriosis, infection with L. monocytogenes, can be mild...
Assessment of the antibacterial effects of Moringa peregrina extracts
December 2015
The antibacterial effect of Moringa peregrina (leaves, roots and seeds) ethanolic extracts were investigated. The effect of plant extracts were tested against three bacterial species: Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 43300)Image and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883). M. peregrina ethanolic extracts showed significant antibacterial effect on the three tested...
Production of aquatic feed grade algal powder from turtle breeding wastewater using a locally isolated Spirulina sp. JXSC-S1
December 2015
Spirulina sp. JXSC-S1 was isolated from a local turtle breeding wastewater storage pool in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China. Morphological studies revealed that the color, shape, spiral pitch, spiral wide and cell size of the strain fits the typical morphological characteristics of Spirulina platensis. Growth dynamics of the strain were studied in both Zarrouk medium and turtle breeding wastewater (TBW), and were...
Multidrug drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Clinical Specimens in Northern India
December 2015
Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known human pathogen that is primarily associated with nosocomial infections causing variety of diseases with increasing resistance to antibiotics. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and multi drug resistance patterns of both methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in the studied population. Out of 60 S. aureus isolated, 27...
Trichoderma: A scientific approach against soil borne pathogens
December 2015
The members of the genus Trichoderma are widely used as bioagent for the control of phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture sectors. The members of this genus are reproducing asexually by the formation of cyanide and chlamydospore, in wild habitats they reproduce by formation of ascospores. Trichoderma species are well known for the production of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs). These CWDEs, play a major role in...
Aflatoxin B1 in commercial granolas
December 2015
The aim of this study was to measure aflatoxin B1 in granola sold in stores in the city of Teresina, Piauí. Sixty samples of granola sold in four supermarkets were used. The mycological evaluation was carried out immediately, and then the samples were stored at -4°C, for later analysis of aflatoxin B1. Thirty-one strains of Aspergillus flavus were isolated. Two strains demonstrated capacity for...
Antimicrobial activity of Taverniera Abyssinica A. Rich against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi
December 2015
Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Even though hundreds of plant species have been tested for antimicrobial activities, the enormous mass of them have not been adequately evaluated. Taverniera abyssinica A. Rich is a widely used Ethiopian endemic medicinal plant commonly known under the local name of “Dingetegna”. Medicinal plant preparations are generally very popular in...
Salmonella Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Infantis and Derby in pasty dulce de leche
December 2015
In order to evaluate the fate of Salmonella Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Infantis and Derby in pasty dulce de leche, aliquots of this sweet were experimentally contaminated with these pathogenic microorganisms at 102 bacterial cells per gram, and later analysed to evaluate microorganism count after storage for 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 20 days. Salmonella Enteritidis was able to survive for up to 20 days in dulce de leche,...
Developmental biology and infection cycle of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing stem rot of carnation in India
December 2015
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a cut flower with greater stipulation in the world cut flower market. In India, carnations are cultivated under polyhouses in Nilgiris and Kodaikanal districts in the state of Tamil Nadu. Carnations cultivation is impeded by various diseases, among them stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary was found to be predominant in all varieties. Survey among...
Enhanced plant growth and/or nitrogen fixation by leguminous and non-leguminous crops after single or dual inoculation of Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 with Bradyhizobium strains
December 2015
Plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria have been widely used during crop production for either single inoculation or co-inoculation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The effect of Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 on growth of various crops was studied and the effects of co-inoculation on plant growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation by soybean was investigated. Pot experiments were conducted in an environmentally...
Symbiotic effectiveness of different indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains on selected Rj-genes harboring Myanmar soybean cultivars
December 2015
Many scientists are working to identify effective strains of rhizobia to increase nitrogen fixation and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation of leguminous crops has become an alternative to nitrogenous fertilizer, due to its higher efficiency for nitrogen fixation. This experiment was conducted to select strains for improved nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.). Bradyrhizobium...
Chromogenic agar media for rapid detection of Enterobacteriaceae in food samples
December 2015
Recently, chromogenic media were used for rapid detection of pathogenic agents isolated from different materials (food, water and stool). Results of the present study indicated that specific and rapid identification of Enterobactiriaceae isolates from 46 food samples (egg, dairy products, meat, salads and cooked rice) as compared to conventional methods of biochemical test and plating selective media consume times, are...
Serogroups and antibiotics susceptibility pattern of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains responsible for colibacillosis in broiler breeding farms in the east of Algeria
December 2015
In East Algeria, 100 Escherichia coli strains were isolated from livers and spleens of 120 broiler carcasses that presented colibacillosis lesions at autopsy. Serogrouping of these strains demonstrated that 83% of their serogroups belong to the most pathogenic serogroups of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): O1 (14%), O2 (53%) and O78 (16%). In vitro susceptibility to antimicrobials of veterinary significance was...
Study of resistance mechanism in Enterobacter spp. with special reference to antimicrobials ceftazidime, moxifloxacin and nalidixic acid
December 2015
Microbial resistance to antimicrobials is spreading all over the world making it difficult to treat diseases effectively. This study aims to understand the mechanism of resistance towards the antimicrobials Ceftazidime, Moxifloxacin and Nalidixic acid, by using resistant Enterobacter spp. and sensitive Enterobacter spp. While there was complete inhibition of growth of sensitive Enterobacter spp. at 8 µg/ml...
Arsenite-oxidizing bacteria isolated from arsenic contaminated surface and ground water of Uttar Pradesh, India
December 2015
Arsenic (As) contamination of surface and ground waters in Uttar Pradesh (UP) is geological in nature, even though some degree of As contamination may be due to anthropogenic activities. Little is known about the arsenite oxidizing bacteria in aquatic environments of UP. In this study we isolated the As resistant bacteria from both surface and ground waters of UP. Seven potential strains were isolated by culture method...
Effects of plasmid acquisition by Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation
December 2015
This work aimed to study the influence of plasmid acquisition on the mutual interaction of certain Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates. In this study, two mixed cultures were used: i) P. aeruginosa clinical isolate P14 which co-existed with MRSA isolate S14; and ii) P. aeruginosa clinical isolate P12 which co-existed with MRSAisolate S12. The...
Etiology and microbiology of periodontal diseases: A review
December 2015
Nowadays, there is a high prevalence of periodontal disease worldwide, and knowing the etiology is basic for its control. Biofilms that colonize the oral cavity are among the most complex of nature. Besides pathogenic microorganisms, genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of this disease. Periodontal disease can be increased by several risk factors such as smoking, systemic diseases, medications...
Carbon and nitrogen sources differently influence Penicillium sp. HC1 conidiation in solid and liquid culture
November 2015
This work evaluates the effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on conidiophore and conidia formation in Penicillium sp. HC1, a cellulolytic and xylanolytic fungi arousing industrial interest. A factorial design was used having two variables: A carbon source (glucose, sucrose, cassava starch, wheat bran, and rice flour) and a nitrogen source (tryptose, yeast extract, (NH4)2HPO4, and KNO3). The resulting 20...
Microalgae cultivation for biosurfactant production
November 2015
Microalgae can be used as both food and a source of bioactive compounds, such as oils, vitamins and biosurfactants. An important factor contributing to the production costs of bioactive compounds, such as biosurfactants, is the carbon source. One way to decrease production costs is by reducing carbon without a concomitant reduction in productivity. Biosurfactants have a wide range of industrial applications,...
Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella in Ethiopia: A review
November 2015
Foods of animal origin have been consistently implicated in sporadic cases and outbreaks of salmonellosis, and are widely acknowledged to be a significant reservoir for Salmonella. The usage of growth promoting agents (GPAs) in food animal production is a major public health threat that can contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance bacteria. Extensive and improper use of antimicrobial drugs in food animal...
Fungi and aflatoxins associated with wheat grains in Gaza governorates
November 2015
Cereal and its products are susceptible to mold damage during pre-and post-harvesting stages of the production. This study was carried out to determine the extent of fungal contamination and the aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 levels of fifty wheat grain samples were collected randomly from different markets in the five Gaza governorates. The obtained results indicated that the most common molds isolated from...
Serological evidence and public health implication of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs found in Zaria, Kaduna State
November 2015
The presence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has recently been demonstrated in humans, in Nigeria. Considering the zoonotic nature of the virus and its serious public health implication, it becomes imperative to determine its presence in animal reservoirs in the study area where pig’s husbandry is largely practiced. The level of awareness of the disease among pig farmers in the study area was also assessed...
Natural occurrence of Fusarium species and fumonisins in stored cassava chips
November 2015
Cassava chips are transformed products obtained following the fermentation and drying of cassava fresh roots. Once produced, chips can be stored for more than 180 days in conditions conducive for the development of toxigenic moulds. In this study, the incidence of Fusarium spp. is assessed from a set of 72 home-stored samples of cassava chips collected from farmers, during a 2-month monitoring survey period. Results...
Molecular detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in captured Culicoides spp. in the northeastern regions of Mexico
November 2015
Midges of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) captured in 2013 (February to November) in four micro-regions located in the northeast of Mexico were analyzed to determine the presence of genetic sequences of the viruses of Bluetongue (BT) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In all the micro-regions sampled, it was possible to detect the...
Use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in experimentally and naturally infected birds
November 2015
The objective of the present study was to standardize an immunohistochemical reaction (IHC) for the diagnosis of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in tissue samples. In order to achieve this aim, pigeons (Columba livia) and chicken (Gallus gallus) were experimentally infected with a pathogenic sample of NDV (São Joao do Meriti strain). The IHC reaction was standardized and tested in samples of lung, liver, spleen and...
Is the recently described Macrophomina pseudophaseolina pathogenically different from Macrophomina phaseolina?
November 2015
Charcoal rot disease causes heavy yield losses to many hosts including cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) in Senegal. The causal agent of the disease was a longtime considered to be Macrophomina phaseolina. However, a new Macrophomina species, Macrophomina pseudophaseolina was reported recently to also cause charcoal rot disease alone or in association with M. phaseolina on several hosts in...
Diversity and antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial species from surfaces of publicly used equipment in a medical education setting
November 2015
Medical and health science colleges have firm links to hospitals and health services centres through clinical training activities. Such colleges are expected to house microorganisms of nosocomial-infection significance that can be transmitted to and from students’ hands and bodies through publicly used equipment, including food and drink vending machines, elevators and computer keyboards. This study aimed to...
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from bovine milk in central highlands of Ethiopia
November 2015
Antimicrobial resistance is becoming an extremely serious global problem. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and milk product samples in Ethiopia and also to determine the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A total of 577 milk and milk product samples were collected from central...
Biofixation of carbon dioxide from coal station flue gas using Spirulina sp. LEB 18 and Scenedesmus obliquus LEB 22
November 2015
The atmospheric concentration of CO2, the main greenhouse gas (GHG), has increased rapidly since the beginning of the industrial age. Anthropogenic emissions from coal-fired power plants are responsible for approximately 7% (w/w) of global CO2 emissions. Microalgae CO2biofixation is a technology that reduces GHGs based on the use of solar energy through photosynthesis to capture and use the CO2 that is produced by...
Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from chickens in a diagnostic laboratory
October 2015
The aim of this study was to determine the resistance profile of 24 Campylobacter jejuni and 16 Campylobacter coli isolates from chickens in a diagnostic laboratory in Nigeria. Susceptibility testing was done by a broth microdilution MIC method with MICRONAUT – S anaerob test plates (Merlin Diagnostika, GmbH, Germany). MIC assay was performed according to CLSI (formally NCCLS) methods. Resistance to ciprofloxacin...
Diversity and distribution of soybean-nodulating bradyrhizobia isolated from major soybean-growing regions in Myanmar
October 2015
Rhizobia play an important role in plant nutrition by fixing nitrogen that is subsequently available for uptake by plants. In Myanmar, it has been difficult to characterize the nitrogen-fixing indigenous bradyrhizobia strains. In this study, 120 strains were isolated from five major soybean-growing regions of Myanmar. The strains were characterized based on sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed...
Efficacy of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteriophage cocktail on Acinetobacter baumannii growth
October 2015
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen which is a major cause of nosocomial infection. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that are used as alternative agents in the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. In this research, our purpose was to investigate the efficacy of a cocktail of five bacteriophages. Ten (10) bacteriophage isolates were determined for the host range analysis and five...
Antibacterial and hemolytic activities of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poir. (Mimosoidea)
October 2015
Mimosa tenuiflora is a shrub-sized plant native of the Northeast region of Brazil where it is popularly known as “jurema preta” and is widely used in folk medicine, especially the stem bark extract mixtures. Due to its high content of tannins and flavonoids, it is considered to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extracts of M. tenuiflora (EEMt) was...
Efficacy of oregano oil as a biocide agent against pathogens in vitro, using lux reporter gene technology
October 2015
This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity and strength of kill of Himalayan oregano oil (HOO) across a range of dilutions typically formulated for potential topical use in healthcare settings, using bioluminescent constructs of bacterial pathogens as real time biosensors for rapid bactericidal monitoring. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, previously...
Shigellosis associated with appendicitis and peritonitis
October 2015
Appendix perforation is one of the many causes of secondary peritonitis. In this report, a case of peritonitis caused by Shigella sonnei in a 7-year-old child was presented. A 7-year-old male patient was presented with tenderness in the right lower quadrant and positive rebound tenderness test on physical examination. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed appendicular colitis and intraabdominal free...
Potential pathogenic bacterial contaminants of shared utility devices in a university setting at Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
October 2015
The microbial contamination of shared devices in work places could serve as potential sources for community acquired infections. This study investigated the potential bacterial pathogens in a university work place. Swab samples collected from office and toilet doors handles/knobs, washroom tap heads, elevator buttons and computer keyboards were plated out and isolates were identified using the Vitek 2 compact automated...
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from a Teaching Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
October 2015
Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are commonly implicated in clinical diseases. However, with their increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents, treatment becomes a challenge. This study has been conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia over a period of one month from July to August 2011. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests of GNB were performed using standard microbiological...
Prevalence of Mycobacterium leprae in the environment: A review
October 2015
The purpose of this review was to study the presence of Mycobacterium leprae in the environment and its relation with meteorological variables such as temperature and humidity. There are reports, which provide evidence that meteorological factors such as temperature and soil humidity can influence the dynamics of M. leprae. However, leprosy cases are registered both in the rainy and dry seasons, indicating that M....
Antibacterial in vitro assays of new ï§-aminoethers and derivatives against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria
October 2015
A growth inhibition effect against four Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) and three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis) pathogenic bacteria was observed for 19 of 20 tested synthetic compounds (that is seven ï§-aminoethers, nine ï§-aminoalcohols and four allylamines). According to the results, the...
Effects of vegetation and seasonality on bacterial communities in Amazonian dark earth and adjacent soils
October 2015
Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE) in the Brazilian Amazon is the main evidence left by pre-Columbian indigenous populations indicating that infertile soils can be transformed into highly fertile ground. Changes in vegetation cover and seasonality are likely to influence microbial communities; however, little is known about these effects on ADE. Therefore, this study compared the effects of two land use systems in ADE and...
In vitro antibacterial activity of Baillonella toxisperma (Pierre) extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus cereus F3748
September 2015
This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and hydro-ethanol mixture (2: 8) extracts of the leaves and stem-barks of Baillonella toxisperma (Pierre), harvested in the East and center regions of Cameroon, on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus cereus F3748. These bacteria are usually responsible for diarrheal...
Growth and anti-listerial activity of a nisin Z producer in a pork lean meat broth fermentation system
September 2015
Listeria monocytogenes is widely distributed in nature and has been isolated from numerous sources such as meat and fermented meat products. This pathogenic microorganism can resist conditions of low pH, low water activity (Aw), high salt (NaCl) concentrations and the presence of sodium nitrite, being able to survive the commercial sausage manufacturing process. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antilisterial...
Investigation of specific microorganisms in the salt lakes of Southern Russia
September 2015
Specific microorganisms in extreme reservoirs with total dissolved solids of 195.7 to 585.8 g/l in Southern Russia were studied. Halophilic community of phototrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms was found. In the laboratory, an experiment was carried out to study the degradation ability of microorganisms in relation to organic content of waste water fishing enterprises - brines and bitterns (salt solutions). After...
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