Efficacy of biocontrol agents in the management of head rot of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
October 2016
Head rot of cabbage caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum leads to rotting of fully matured cabbage heads in the field. In the present study the antagonistic effects of twenty Bacillus isolates was tested against S. sclerotiorum in vitro. Eight effective Bacillus isolates obtained from studies in vitro, commercial formulations of Trichoderma viride isolate TV-1 and Pseudomonas fluoroscens isolate Pf-1along with a fungicide...
Effect of gamma irradiation (Co60) in the control of Campylobacter sp. in chilled chicken (Gallus gallus) heart
October 2016
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the irradiation process in the control of Campylobacter spp. in chilled chicken heart samples, since this microorganism is related to the contamination of meat and chicken giblets and is responsible for enteritis in humans. The methodology and standards recommended by RDC no. 12 (Brazil, 2001) were applied for the bacteriological analyses. The chilled chicken heart...
Soil enzyme activities and soil microbe population as influenced by long-term fertilizer management during the barley growth in Hunan Province, China
October 2016
The effects of long-term fertilizer management on soil enzyme activities and soil microbe population under double-cropping paddy fields in southern China was studied. The purpose of this study was to explore the changes of soil enzyme activities and soil microbe population as related to mineral fertilizer and manure and rice residue based on a long-term field experiment. The experiment was initiated in 1986 and...
Effectiveness of augmented consortia of Bacillus coagulans, Citrobacter koseri and Serratia ficaria in the degradation of diesel polluted soil supplemented with pig dung
October 2016
Laboratory studies were developed to compare the effectiveness of inoculated bacteria consortia and indigenous microorganisms on diesel-polluted soil for 18 days. Bacteria isolated from the unpolluted soil sample were: Pseudomonas spp. (LBI), Pseudomonas cepacia (LB5), Micrococcus luetus (LB2), Bacillus subtilis (LB3) and Bacillus cereus (LB4). Their ability to degrade different substrates were first studied by the...
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Egyptian hospitals
October 2016
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen and a leading cause of hospital- acquired infections. Characterization of the isolates from different infection sites might help to control infections caused by the pathogen. The aim of the present work is to characterize P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from different clinical specimens at two hospitals in Cairo with regard to their antibiogram,...
Bacterial association and oral biofilm formation: A bibliometric analysis
October 2016
Biofilms are complex aggregations of microorganisms formed in any situation where there is contact with superfaces solids, liquids or gases. This study aims to map the international scientific literature on the formation, bacterial adhesion, prevention and treatment of oral biofilms. There were 921 published articles in 274 different journals indexed in the Web of Science, in the 1991-2015 year period. These articles...
Campylobacter in sheep, calves and broiler chickens in the central region of Algeria: Phenotypic and antimicrobial resistance profiles
October 2016
The study was conducted in four slaughterhouses in Bouira Province, central region of Algeria. Campylobacter in the main food animals (sheep, calves and broilers) were studied to evaluate the prevalence, phenotypic characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated strains. Out of 200 sheep, 200 calves and 100 broilers swab samples collected. 150 strains were isolated and identified. A study of sensitivity to 14...
Effects of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) serum against plaque bacteria
October 2016
Dental caries is an infectious disease caused by plaque bacteria, especially Streptoccus mutans. Many studies were conducted to develop methods or material for dental caries prevention. It was using passive immunization that will produce specific antibodies. Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is antibody in the serum and egg yolk. This study aimed to determine the effect of IgY serum against the growth of dental plaque bacterial...
Impact of land use and soil types on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in tropical soil of India
October 2016
A study was undertaken along land use gradients with different soil types in subtropical ecosystem of Northern India to evaluate the accurance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The gradients was from natural land with forest tree, farmer’s field under chemically managed, farmer’s field under organically managed and Industrial wasteland with five different plant species. We investigate the total AMF...
Development and evaluation of sundae-type “Coalhada†containing Lactobacillus paracasei and blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) preparation
October 2016
“Coalhada” is a type of fermented milk (made with Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis spp. cremoris) very popular in Brazil, which is widely consumed due to its pleasant texture and mild taste and aroma. Its acceptance is possible to increase by adding a fruit preparation. Fermented milk is the most common food matrix used for delivery probiotic bacteria, which are able to survive to the...
Modification of pathogenic microbiota and histology of gastrointestinal tract of Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821) by Carica papaya seed meal
October 2016
This study investigated the bactericidal efficacy of the ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seed on snail gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota and associated histological changes. The bacterial isolates were characterized based on colony morphology, culture characteristics and biochemical tests. Each portion of the gut was further subjected to histological examination to ascertain the effect of this extract on the...
Assessment of the microbial quality of some oral liquid herbal medicines marketed in Ile-Ife, South-western Nigeria
October 2016
The extensive use of herbal medicinal products in the treatment and management of disease states within communities in Ile-Ife, south western Nigeria has made it imperative to investigate the microbial quality of a sample of these products in the light of the standards prescribed by regulatory bodies. This study was therefore carried out to assess the microbial quality of locally prepared and unregistered herbal oral...
Soil bacteriological pollution in pig farm vicinity: Assessment of bacterial dynamics and detection of antimicrobial resistance gene
October 2016
Emissions of biological contaminants (microbes) from intensive pig farming may cause environmental problems due to lack of proper waste management. This work was conducted to assess bacteriological pollution of soil in pig farm and to detect the presence of antibiotic resistance gene of the prevailing bacteria. Soil samples were collected from March to August 2013. The method included bacterial enumeration (10 -1 to 10...
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella species from ready-to-eat foods from catering establishments in Jigjiga City, Ethiopia
October 2016
Food-borne pathogens are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Changes in eating habits, mass catering, unsafe food storage conditions and poor hygiene practices are major contributing factors to food associated illnesses. In Ethiopia, the widespread habit of ready-to-eat food consumption is potential cause of food borne illnesses. The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence...
Production and characteristics of bioflocculant TPT-1 from a consortium of Bacillus pumilus JX860616 and Alcaligenes faecalis HCB2
October 2016
The combination of microorganisms in consortia enhances high bioflocculant yields. The study aimed at producing and characterising bioflocculant from Bacillus pumilus JX860616 and Alcaligenes faecalis HCB2. Bioflocculant TPT-1 was obtained through ethanol extraction after optimum conditions were established. The characteristics of the bioflocculant TPT-1 were obtained by scanning electron microscope equipped with...
Occurrence and susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter isolated from environmental water sources
October 2016
Environmental waters are established sources of Campylobacter infections in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution and susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter species isolated from irrigation and domestic water sources in Ghana. Samples were pre-enriched with CCDA broth and isolated on mCCDA agar. Isolates were confirmed on API CAMPY kit and with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method to determine...
Fungi toxic efficiency of some plant volatile essential oils against plant pathogenic fungi
October 2016
Plant essential oils have the potential to replace the synthetic fungicides in the management of different fungal diseases. Four different essential oils of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), citronella (Cymbopogon citrate), karanj (Pongamia pinnata) and neem (Azadirachta indica) were selected because of their high inhibitory activities against ten phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal screening for all the four Eos...
Bacteria associated with sugarcane in Northeastern Brazil
October 2016
Sugarcane has a high demand in nitrogen, increasing costs and causing damages to the environment. It is necessary to find alternatives to reduce nitrogen fertilizers use. Diazotrophic bacteria have capacity to promote growth in grass with potential to fix N2 and solubilize inorganic phosphate. This study aimed to evaluate bacterial community associated with different sugarcane varieties in Northeastern Brazil, select...
Isolation, screening and statistical optimizing of L-methioninase production by Chaetomium globosum
September 2016
Egyptian soil sample was screened for isolation methioninlytic fungi by a rapid plate assay procedure. Eighteen strains of different isolated fungi were screened quantitavely for their L-methioninase activity. Chaetomium globosum was the most efficacious isolate and a dematiaceous filamentous fungi, it was identified at the molecular level by ribotyping 18S rRNA along with the biochemical characterization, and...
Screening endophytic actinobacteria with potential antifungal activity against Bipolaris sorokiniana and growth promotion of wheat seedlings
September 2016
Actinobacteria secrete substances that limit or inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi and may be used in the biocontrol of these microorganisms. The aim of this study was to characterize physiological and enzymatic activity of endophytic actinobacteria, evaluate their antifungal activity against Bipolaris sorokiniana root colonization, and evaluate their efficiency in promoting the growth of wheat seedlings....
Halophile isolation to produce halophilic protease, protease production and testing crude protease as a detergent ingredient
September 2016
Halophilic enzymes are potentially useful in many industries, particularly in food fermentation, pharmaceutical, textile, and leather for the treatment of saline and hypersaline wastewaters. In this study, a halophilic bacterium was isolated from saltpan environment, and was identified as Bacillus sp. Mk22 through biochemical test and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. During protease screening, the isolates produced 24 mm clear...
Rapid microbiological tests for prospecting new fungal strains with high potentiality for the pectinolytic enzymes production
September 2016
Prospecting of new isolates producers of pectinolitic enzymes were performed with cultivation of substrates of rice, soybean and corn bran. Pectinolitic enzymes were observed in cultures of the isolates NFC 1, NFC 2, NFC 4, NFC 5 and NFC 6 identified as belonging to the genus Aspergillus sp. Isolates NFR 1, NFR 2 and NFS1 were identified as belonging to the genus Rhizopus and NFC 3 belonging to the genus Cladosporium;...
Microbial community structure and chemical composition from dark earth in a native archaeological site of the lower Amazon
September 2016
The microbial community structure from dark earth in a native archaeological site of the Lower Amazon was analyzed by PCR-DGGE, using 16S rRNA gene for prokaryote population and 18S rDNA and ITS regions (using clamp GC) for the eukaryote population. The bands were excised from gel and re-amplified for sequencing. The diversity found according to the region of amplification showed same profiles for the two primers pairs....
Isolation and identification of potential probiotic bacteria on surfaces of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus from around Kampala, Uganda
September 2016
Increased fish mortality due to infections has forced most farmers to resort the use of chemotherapeutic agents especially antibiotics. The continued use of these drugs in aquaculture is becoming limited as pathogens develop resistance and infer unpredicted long term public health effects. More research efforts are building to identify alternative disease prevention methods, among which the use of probiotics has been...
Effect of temperature, pH and substrate composition on production of lipopeptides by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 629
September 2016
The lipopeptides surfactin, fengycin and iturin produced by Bacillus species have diverse ecological roles, including antimicrobial activity, induced systemic resistance in plants against pathogens and plant colonization by the producing strain. The conditions that govern both lipopeptide production and plant colonization are not fully understood. The present study investigated the role of growth media, temperature and...
An in vitro evaluation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) and Siwak (Salvadora persica) extracts for controlling the foulbrood pathogens of honeybee
September 2016
Instead of the synthetic antibiotics, the antibacterial activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) and Siwak (Salvadora persica) plants was evaluated against the foulbrood bacteria under the laboratory conditions. To the study knowledge, it is the first time to evaluate Siwak plant against the foulbrood diseases. The major antimicrobial constituents (total phenolics, flavonoids and...
Clinico-mycological profiles of dermatophytosis in Jaipur, India
September 2016
Dermatophytosis poses a serious crisis to the socio-economically backward population. The infections are caused by three anamorphic genera; Epidermophyton, Trichophyton and Microsporum which are distributed around the world. The objective of this study was to find out the occurrence, distribution and prevalence of dermatophytes causing human dermatomycosis in various categories of patients in Jaipur (Rajasthan), India....
Some parasitic copepods of selected Teleost and Chondrichthyan fishes from the Tunisian gulfs
September 2016
The examination of 415 specimen belonging to twelve species of Teleostean fish and 339 specimen belonging to seven species of Chondrichthyan fish collected from the Tunisian coasts, it enabled us to identify 10 species of parasitic copepods: Lernaeopoda galei, Lernaeocera lusci, Neobrachiella merluccii, Hatschekia mulli, Caligus elongatus, Caligus pageti, Neobrachiella mugilis, Clavellotis fallax, Clavelissa pagri and...
Molecular genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in Dakar, Senegal
September 2016
Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease, in which epidemiologic monitoring by molecular approaches is a critical element of prevention and control. The population structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBc) in Senegal was last described in the 1970’s using biochemical methods. In this present study, we applied molecular approaches to genotype M. tuberculosis isolates from active pulmonary...
Histamine and microbiological changes during storage of semi-preserved anchovies
September 2016
During the various stages of manufacture of semi-preserved anchovies, histamine shows a significant increase favored by the fragility of anchovies and wealth histidine, an amino acid precursor of histamine. The decarboxylation of histidine is present as a major problem in the industry of semi-preserved anchovies, especially during the ripening step. The objective of this work is to monitor the levels of alteration in a...
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from lactating cow’s milk in Bahir Dar dairy farms
September 2016
Staphylococcus aureus is competitive in milk and dairy environments; pathogenic strains have been found to cause disease in their host throughout the world. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and determine their antibiotic susceptibility from lactating cow milk. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar dairy farms from October 2012 to March 2013. A total of 218...
Performance of dried blood spot (DBS) PUNCHER and dried blood spots to measure HIV-1 viral load
September 2016
The use of plasma is an obstacle to realize HIV-1 viral load in sub-Saharan Africa. In this context, the dried blood spot (DBS) is an interesting tool for sample collections. This approach was tested using a DBS hole-punch device (PUNCHER). Plasma and DBS samples were obtained from 102 patients, comprising 17 HIV-1 negative patients and 85 HIV-1 infected patients. The PUNCHER’s performance used to cut DBS was...
Prevalence and molecular typing of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii isolates from Laghouat Hospital, Algeria
September 2016
The antibiotic resistance of enterobacteriacae knows a worldwide worrying evolution with an increase of the extended-spectrum β-lactamases. The present study was to determine the prevalence and molecular typing of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter freundii, isolated between January 2010 and December 2012, at the Laghouat...
Comparison of the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from commercial-layer and free-range chickens in Arusha district, Tanzania
September 2016
The antibiotic susceptibility of fecal Escherichia coli isolates from commercial-layer and free-range chickens in Arusha district, Tanzania were compared. All the chickens were raised by individual households, but commercial-layer chickens were purchased from commercial vendors, whereas no systematic breeding system was used to produce free-range chickens. A total of 1,800 E. coli isolates (1,200 from commercial-layer...
Increasing trend of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
September 2016
Multidrug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have become a serious threat to hospitalized patients and health workers. Recently, this bacterium has emerged as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and this bacterial strain has turned into a superbug in the health domain. The main objective of the present study was to find out the prevalence of MRSA in different clinical samples. A total number of 155 clinical...
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection
September 2016
Extensive use of antibiotics for urinary tract infections has led to the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms and one solution to this problem is to search for non-antibiotic compounds that exert anti-bacterial activity through different mechanisms such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this study, out of 100 urine samples; 48 Escherichia coli strains were detected, 47.9% were multi-drug...
Evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase gene (blaKPC) in enterobacteriaceae isolates from clinical samples in Menoufia University hospitals, Egypt
September 2016
The aim of our work is to study and evaluate a rapid method for detection of Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemases genes (blaKPC) in enterobacteriaceae isolates from clinical samples by using real time PCR and comparison of this method with ordinary phenotypic methods. Outbreaks of carbapenemâ€resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE), primarily K. pneumoniae, have been reported recently in several regions worldwide. The...
Genetic diversity analysis of rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting of Lysobacter spp.
September 2016
Lysobacter. spp. are considered as important biocontrol bacteria, due to their antagonistic activity against many pathogenic fungi, bacteria and nematodes. Rep-PCR was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 12 Lysobacter strains. These strains included Lysobacter antibioticus (HY, 13-1, 13-6, 6-B-1, 13-B-1, 6-T'-4, LJ6-3, LJ6-4 and LR9-3), Lysobacter enzymogenes (DH3, 1-T-1-4) and Lysobacter capsici (LG18) isolate...
Characterization of antifungal Paenibacillus illinoisensis strain UKCH21 and its chitinolytic properties
September 2016
Paenibacillus strain, UKCH21, isolated from Uttarakhand State, north western Indian Himalayas was found to produce high levels of extracellular chitinases. The 16s rRNA gene sequence showed 100% homology with P. illinoisensis (Accession No. KR856190) available in the public domain and further phylogenetic study also verified the species identity. The culture supernatants have a maximum chitinase activity of 110.8...
Importance of biofilm in medical sciences: With special reference to uropathogens
September 2016
Biofilm formation is a well organised, genetically-driven process, well characterized for numerous bacterial species which plays important role in urinary tract infections (UTIs). Adherence is a key event initiating each step in UTI pathogenesis. Such UTIs are difficult to treat owing to increased drug resistance within the biofilm cells. The review is mainly focused on biofilm-growing microorganisms because this form...
Resistance genes to sulphonamide in commensal Escherichia coli isolated from stool of patients in Mansoura University Children Hospital
September 2016
Commensal bacteria have a great impact on the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. This emphasizes a great need to underscore the magnitude of this problem in our locality, and children are taken as a sector in this research because they are usually subjected to heavy load of antibiotic usage. This study aimed at determining sulphonamide resistance genes presence among fecal isolates of commensal Escherichia...
Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and mussels (Perna perna) of the seacoast of Santa Catarina, Brazil
September 2016
This research aimed to identify and quantify Vibrio parahaemolyticus in fresh oysters (Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Perna perna) and seawater from different regions of cultivation of bivalve shellfishes in the seacoast of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Samples were collected between October 2012 and December 2013 and 130 oysters samples (Crassostrea gigas), 215 mussels samples (Perna perna) and 222 seawater were collected. The...
Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit in University Hospital of Constantine, Algeria (2011 - 2015)
September 2016
The incidence of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria is increasing worldwide. The frequent misuse of antibiotic drug has greatly contributed to worldwide dissemination of antibiotics resistance. Multi-drug resistance in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria causes a wide range of infections, particularly in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) settings leading to an increased impact on morbidity, mortality and...
Removal of Escherichia coli in treated wastewater used for food production in Morogoro, Tanzania
September 2016
The aim of this study was to assess the removal efficiency of Escherichia coli at Mafisa and Mzumbe domestic wastewater treatment ponds in Morogoro, Tanzania. The study was done from October, 2013 to April, 2014. A total of 125 water samples from inlets and subsequent anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds as well as treated wastewater were collected and analysed for E. coli. The estimated retention times of the...
Antimicrobial activities of a multi-species probiotic ingredient derived from opaque sorghum beer during its propagation in a starchy career model
September 2016
This study evaluates the antimicrobial activities of a multi-species probiotic ingredient derived from the African opaque sorghum beer during its propagation in a starchy career model. The aim was to establish the optimum growth conditions that warrant the optimum antimicrobial activities in the product. The antimicrobial activities were tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 27844, S. aureus...
Drug-resistant bacteria in frozen and fresh marine shrimp
September 2016
This study aimed to evaluate the bacteriological quality of frozen and fresh shrimp samples by Salmonella detection and the quantification of staphylococci and coliforms. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of staphylococci isolates was also determined. A total of 30 shrimp samples commercialized in Sobral-CE - 15 fresh and 15 frozen, each one weighing 500 g - was analyzed. There was no contamination by Salmonella...
Gut bacterial microbiota in psoriasis: A case control study
September 2016
Gut microbiota is mainly composed of four phyla; however, the human gut microbiota is dominated by only 2 of them and most of them are uncultivable. Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder with associated inflammation of internal organs and musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to, identify numerically abundant bacteria phyla in fecal samples of patients with psoriasis, evaluate whether differences in fecal...
Fusarium spp. and fumonisin in feed for equine and its importance for occurrence of leukoencephalomalacia
August 2016
In the animal feed industry, an ever growing increase in quality has been observed, but the main feature of a food is related to its security because the contamination poses a risk to animal health. The problems caused by fungal colonization is the significant loss of food quality, because even those who do not produce mycotoxins cause losses in the nutritional quality. Researches show that the most important Fumonisins...
Microbial species of safety concern in milk from informal processors in Harare, Zimbabwe
August 2016
In this study, the bacteriological quality and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella species, and Pseudomonas species were studied in raw milk, cultured milk, milk handlers and packaging containers. A total of 36 samples were collected over 3 months from three different farmers. Samples were analyzed for means of counts per milliliter of milk for total bacterial...
Cytokinins production by fluorescent Pseudomonas isolated from rhizospheric soils of Malus and Pyrus
August 2016
Information on microbial production of cytokinins and their effect on plant growth are limited. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate cytokinins production by Pseudomonas sp., a major component of rhizobacteria with multiform and diverse activities, which enhance plant growth by synthesizing various secondary metabolites. In the present investigations, thirty Pseudomonas isolates were isolated...
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