Screening endophytic actinobacteria with potential antifungal activity against Bipolaris sorokiniana and growth promotion of wheat seedlings
September 2016
Actinobacteria secrete substances that limit or inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi and may be used in the biocontrol of these microorganisms. The aim of this study was to characterize physiological and enzymatic activity of endophytic actinobacteria, evaluate their antifungal activity against Bipolaris sorokiniana root colonization, and evaluate their efficiency in promoting the growth of wheat seedlings....
Effect of temperature, pH and substrate composition on production of lipopeptides by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 629
September 2016
The lipopeptides surfactin, fengycin and iturin produced by Bacillus species have diverse ecological roles, including antimicrobial activity, induced systemic resistance in plants against pathogens and plant colonization by the producing strain. The conditions that govern both lipopeptide production and plant colonization are not fully understood. The present study investigated the role of growth media, temperature and...
Isolation, screening and statistical optimizing of L-methioninase production by Chaetomium globosum
September 2016
Egyptian soil sample was screened for isolation methioninlytic fungi by a rapid plate assay procedure. Eighteen strains of different isolated fungi were screened quantitavely for their L-methioninase activity. Chaetomium globosum was the most efficacious isolate and a dematiaceous filamentous fungi, it was identified at the molecular level by ribotyping 18S rRNA along with the biochemical characterization, and...
Isolation and identification of potential probiotic bacteria on surfaces of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus from around Kampala, Uganda
September 2016
Increased fish mortality due to infections has forced most farmers to resort the use of chemotherapeutic agents especially antibiotics. The continued use of these drugs in aquaculture is becoming limited as pathogens develop resistance and infer unpredicted long term public health effects. More research efforts are building to identify alternative disease prevention methods, among which the use of probiotics has been...
Rapid microbiological tests for prospecting new fungal strains with high potentiality for the pectinolytic enzymes production
September 2016
Prospecting of new isolates producers of pectinolitic enzymes were performed with cultivation of substrates of rice, soybean and corn bran. Pectinolitic enzymes were observed in cultures of the isolates NFC 1, NFC 2, NFC 4, NFC 5 and NFC 6 identified as belonging to the genus Aspergillus sp. Isolates NFR 1, NFR 2 and NFS1 were identified as belonging to the genus Rhizopus and NFC 3 belonging to the genus Cladosporium;...
Halophile isolation to produce halophilic protease, protease production and testing crude protease as a detergent ingredient
September 2016
Halophilic enzymes are potentially useful in many industries, particularly in food fermentation, pharmaceutical, textile, and leather for the treatment of saline and hypersaline wastewaters. In this study, a halophilic bacterium was isolated from saltpan environment, and was identified as Bacillus sp. Mk22 through biochemical test and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. During protease screening, the isolates produced 24 mm clear...
Microbial community structure and chemical composition from dark earth in a native archaeological site of the lower Amazon
September 2016
The microbial community structure from dark earth in a native archaeological site of the Lower Amazon was analyzed by PCR-DGGE, using 16S rRNA gene for prokaryote population and 18S rDNA and ITS regions (using clamp GC) for the eukaryote population. The bands were excised from gel and re-amplified for sequencing. The diversity found according to the region of amplification showed same profiles for the two primers pairs....
Prevalence and molecular typing of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii isolates from Laghouat Hospital, Algeria
September 2016
The antibiotic resistance of enterobacteriacae knows a worldwide worrying evolution with an increase of the extended-spectrum β-lactamases. The present study was to determine the prevalence and molecular typing of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter freundii, isolated between January 2010 and December 2012, at the Laghouat...
Performance of dried blood spot (DBS) PUNCHER and dried blood spots to measure HIV-1 viral load
September 2016
The use of plasma is an obstacle to realize HIV-1 viral load in sub-Saharan Africa. In this context, the dried blood spot (DBS) is an interesting tool for sample collections. This approach was tested using a DBS hole-punch device (PUNCHER). Plasma and DBS samples were obtained from 102 patients, comprising 17 HIV-1 negative patients and 85 HIV-1 infected patients. The PUNCHER’s performance used to cut DBS was...
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from lactating cow’s milk in Bahir Dar dairy farms
September 2016
Staphylococcus aureus is competitive in milk and dairy environments; pathogenic strains have been found to cause disease in their host throughout the world. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and determine their antibiotic susceptibility from lactating cow milk. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar dairy farms from October 2012 to March 2013. A total of 218...
Histamine and microbiological changes during storage of semi-preserved anchovies
September 2016
During the various stages of manufacture of semi-preserved anchovies, histamine shows a significant increase favored by the fragility of anchovies and wealth histidine, an amino acid precursor of histamine. The decarboxylation of histidine is present as a major problem in the industry of semi-preserved anchovies, especially during the ripening step. The objective of this work is to monitor the levels of alteration in a...
Molecular genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in Dakar, Senegal
September 2016
Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease, in which epidemiologic monitoring by molecular approaches is a critical element of prevention and control. The population structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBc) in Senegal was last described in the 1970’s using biochemical methods. In this present study, we applied molecular approaches to genotype M. tuberculosis isolates from active pulmonary...
Some parasitic copepods of selected Teleost and Chondrichthyan fishes from the Tunisian gulfs
September 2016
The examination of 415 specimen belonging to twelve species of Teleostean fish and 339 specimen belonging to seven species of Chondrichthyan fish collected from the Tunisian coasts, it enabled us to identify 10 species of parasitic copepods: Lernaeopoda galei, Lernaeocera lusci, Neobrachiella merluccii, Hatschekia mulli, Caligus elongatus, Caligus pageti, Neobrachiella mugilis, Clavellotis fallax, Clavelissa pagri and...
Clinico-mycological profiles of dermatophytosis in Jaipur, India
September 2016
Dermatophytosis poses a serious crisis to the socio-economically backward population. The infections are caused by three anamorphic genera; Epidermophyton, Trichophyton and Microsporum which are distributed around the world. The objective of this study was to find out the occurrence, distribution and prevalence of dermatophytes causing human dermatomycosis in various categories of patients in Jaipur (Rajasthan), India....
An in vitro evaluation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) and Siwak (Salvadora persica) extracts for controlling the foulbrood pathogens of honeybee
September 2016
Instead of the synthetic antibiotics, the antibacterial activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) and Siwak (Salvadora persica) plants was evaluated against the foulbrood bacteria under the laboratory conditions. To the study knowledge, it is the first time to evaluate Siwak plant against the foulbrood diseases. The major antimicrobial constituents (total phenolics, flavonoids and...
Evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase gene (blaKPC) in enterobacteriaceae isolates from clinical samples in Menoufia University hospitals, Egypt
September 2016
The aim of our work is to study and evaluate a rapid method for detection of Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemases genes (blaKPC) in enterobacteriaceae isolates from clinical samples by using real time PCR and comparison of this method with ordinary phenotypic methods. Outbreaks of carbapenemâ€resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE), primarily K. pneumoniae, have been reported recently in several regions worldwide. The...
Importance of biofilm in medical sciences: With special reference to uropathogens
September 2016
Biofilm formation is a well organised, genetically-driven process, well characterized for numerous bacterial species which plays important role in urinary tract infections (UTIs). Adherence is a key event initiating each step in UTI pathogenesis. Such UTIs are difficult to treat owing to increased drug resistance within the biofilm cells. The review is mainly focused on biofilm-growing microorganisms because this form...
Characterization of antifungal Paenibacillus illinoisensis strain UKCH21 and its chitinolytic properties
September 2016
Paenibacillus strain, UKCH21, isolated from Uttarakhand State, north western Indian Himalayas was found to produce high levels of extracellular chitinases. The 16s rRNA gene sequence showed 100% homology with P. illinoisensis (Accession No. KR856190) available in the public domain and further phylogenetic study also verified the species identity. The culture supernatants have a maximum chitinase activity of 110.8...
Increasing trend of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
September 2016
Multidrug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have become a serious threat to hospitalized patients and health workers. Recently, this bacterium has emerged as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and this bacterial strain has turned into a superbug in the health domain. The main objective of the present study was to find out the prevalence of MRSA in different clinical samples. A total number of 155 clinical...
Genetic diversity analysis of rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting of Lysobacter spp.
September 2016
Lysobacter. spp. are considered as important biocontrol bacteria, due to their antagonistic activity against many pathogenic fungi, bacteria and nematodes. Rep-PCR was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 12 Lysobacter strains. These strains included Lysobacter antibioticus (HY, 13-1, 13-6, 6-B-1, 13-B-1, 6-T'-4, LJ6-3, LJ6-4 and LR9-3), Lysobacter enzymogenes (DH3, 1-T-1-4) and Lysobacter capsici (LG18) isolate...
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection
September 2016
Extensive use of antibiotics for urinary tract infections has led to the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms and one solution to this problem is to search for non-antibiotic compounds that exert anti-bacterial activity through different mechanisms such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this study, out of 100 urine samples; 48 Escherichia coli strains were detected, 47.9% were multi-drug...
Comparison of the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from commercial-layer and free-range chickens in Arusha district, Tanzania
September 2016
The antibiotic susceptibility of fecal Escherichia coli isolates from commercial-layer and free-range chickens in Arusha district, Tanzania were compared. All the chickens were raised by individual households, but commercial-layer chickens were purchased from commercial vendors, whereas no systematic breeding system was used to produce free-range chickens. A total of 1,800 E. coli isolates (1,200 from commercial-layer...
Resistance genes to sulphonamide in commensal Escherichia coli isolated from stool of patients in Mansoura University Children Hospital
September 2016
Commensal bacteria have a great impact on the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. This emphasizes a great need to underscore the magnitude of this problem in our locality, and children are taken as a sector in this research because they are usually subjected to heavy load of antibiotic usage. This study aimed at determining sulphonamide resistance genes presence among fecal isolates of commensal Escherichia...
Drug-resistant bacteria in frozen and fresh marine shrimp
September 2016
This study aimed to evaluate the bacteriological quality of frozen and fresh shrimp samples by Salmonella detection and the quantification of staphylococci and coliforms. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of staphylococci isolates was also determined. A total of 30 shrimp samples commercialized in Sobral-CE - 15 fresh and 15 frozen, each one weighing 500 g - was analyzed. There was no contamination by Salmonella...
Antimicrobial activities of a multi-species probiotic ingredient derived from opaque sorghum beer during its propagation in a starchy career model
September 2016
This study evaluates the antimicrobial activities of a multi-species probiotic ingredient derived from the African opaque sorghum beer during its propagation in a starchy career model. The aim was to establish the optimum growth conditions that warrant the optimum antimicrobial activities in the product. The antimicrobial activities were tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 27844, S. aureus...
Removal of Escherichia coli in treated wastewater used for food production in Morogoro, Tanzania
September 2016
The aim of this study was to assess the removal efficiency of Escherichia coli at Mafisa and Mzumbe domestic wastewater treatment ponds in Morogoro, Tanzania. The study was done from October, 2013 to April, 2014. A total of 125 water samples from inlets and subsequent anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds as well as treated wastewater were collected and analysed for E. coli. The estimated retention times of the...
Gut bacterial microbiota in psoriasis: A case control study
September 2016
Gut microbiota is mainly composed of four phyla; however, the human gut microbiota is dominated by only 2 of them and most of them are uncultivable. Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder with associated inflammation of internal organs and musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to, identify numerically abundant bacteria phyla in fecal samples of patients with psoriasis, evaluate whether differences in fecal...
Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit in University Hospital of Constantine, Algeria (2011 - 2015)
September 2016
The incidence of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria is increasing worldwide. The frequent misuse of antibiotic drug has greatly contributed to worldwide dissemination of antibiotics resistance. Multi-drug resistance in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria causes a wide range of infections, particularly in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) settings leading to an increased impact on morbidity, mortality and...
Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and mussels (Perna perna) of the seacoast of Santa Catarina, Brazil
September 2016
This research aimed to identify and quantify Vibrio parahaemolyticus in fresh oysters (Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Perna perna) and seawater from different regions of cultivation of bivalve shellfishes in the seacoast of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Samples were collected between October 2012 and December 2013 and 130 oysters samples (Crassostrea gigas), 215 mussels samples (Perna perna) and 222 seawater were collected. The...
Evaluation of a non-submerged cultivation assay combined to ESEM imaging for analysis of biofilms formed by dairy-associated sporeforming bacteria
August 2016
In the dairy industry, the biofilms formed by spore forming bacteria are not well characterized. Microscopic methods are crucial for the study of biofilm structural and architectural features. Here, a simple surface-associated non-submerged model combined to environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) imaging was used for the study of Bacillus cereus and Geobacillus spp. dairy biofilms. To evaluate the utility of...
Fusarium spp. and fumonisin in feed for equine and its importance for occurrence of leukoencephalomalacia
August 2016
In the animal feed industry, an ever growing increase in quality has been observed, but the main feature of a food is related to its security because the contamination poses a risk to animal health. The problems caused by fungal colonization is the significant loss of food quality, because even those who do not produce mycotoxins cause losses in the nutritional quality. Researches show that the most important Fumonisins...
Microbial species of safety concern in milk from informal processors in Harare, Zimbabwe
August 2016
In this study, the bacteriological quality and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella species, and Pseudomonas species were studied in raw milk, cultured milk, milk handlers and packaging containers. A total of 36 samples were collected over 3 months from three different farmers. Samples were analyzed for means of counts per milliliter of milk for total bacterial...
Cytokinins production by fluorescent Pseudomonas isolated from rhizospheric soils of Malus and Pyrus
August 2016
Information on microbial production of cytokinins and their effect on plant growth are limited. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate cytokinins production by Pseudomonas sp., a major component of rhizobacteria with multiform and diverse activities, which enhance plant growth by synthesizing various secondary metabolites. In the present investigations, thirty Pseudomonas isolates were isolated...
Nosocomial infection caused by multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae and their spread in inanimate surfaces in East-Algerian hospitals
August 2016
The inanimate hospital environment may serve as a reservoir for resistant bacteria that pose nosocomial infection risks often originating from cross contamination and the most common means of pathogens transference occurs between hands of health professionals, hospital equipment and patients. The aim of this study was to investigate various nosocomial infections with multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E) and...
Cloning and characterization of an endo-β-1,4-xylanase gene from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and phylogenetic analysis of similar genes from phytopathogenic fungus
August 2016
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the etiological agent of anthracnose, one of the main diseases of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). In this study, the complete cDNAs of two endo-β-1,4-xylanase genes (xyl1) from non-pathogenic (0) and pathogenic (1472) races of C. lindemuthianum were isolated and characterized. To get an insight into the role of endo-β-1,4-xylanases in their different lifestyles, xyl1 gene expression...
Effects of temperature and incubation time on growth and ochratoxin A biosynthesis by Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ochraceus in grain-based media
August 2016
Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been frequently found as a food contaminant, and it is considered one of the mycotoxins most harmful to human health. In this context, this study was performed aiming to evaluate mycelial growth and ochratoxin A production from three isolates of Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ochraceus. The isolates were inoculated on culture media coffee, wheat and maize as well as YES medium and...
Recovery and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella from fresh goat meat in Arusha, Tanzania
August 2016
Meat products are clearly associated with foodborne pathogens including, antibiotic-resistant strains. Population growth and growing consumer demand facilitate the transmission of foodborne pathogens, particularly in developing countries. To determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in goat meat, a study was done in Tanzania (June to July, 2015). Overall 120 goat meat samples were collected from...
Antibacterial susceptibility spectrum of some gram negative bacteria from suspected Otitis media patients
August 2016
Otitis media (OM) is a multifactorial disease characterized by high rate of recurrence in young children and considered to cause hearing impairment in children. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria of OM to some antibiotics. A total of Fifty four (54) samples were obtained from patients with suspected cases of otitis media coming into the National Ear Care Centre...
Bioprospecting and plant growth-promoting bacteria tolerant to salinity associated with Atriplex nummularia L. in saline soils
August 2016
This study aimed to bioprospect and select halotolerantes bacteria and promoting plant growth associated with the plant Atriplex nummularia L. in saline soils. For bioprospecting of bacteria, samples were collected in five niches and two field experiments located in Serra Talhada and Ibimirim, Pernambuco, Brazil. After collecting the material it was performed the isolation and selection of bacteria based on plant growth...
Relationship between the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecalis during the biofilm formation
August 2016
One of the factors that make the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infections difficult is their ability to form biofilm, as well as their natural and acquired resistance to antibiotics which does not have specific drugs for their inhibition. This fact makes essential the search for alternative treatments, as the use of probiotics strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus has been effective in the treatment of some diseases....
Relative efficiency and response of promiscuous soybean to rhizobia inoculant in Savanna region of Nigeria
August 2016
Inoculation of promiscuous soybean with rhizobia has been proven to improve yield. Screenhouse pot experiments were conducted to assess the response of promiscuous soybean, TGx1448-2E to rhizobia inoculation and to determine the relative efficiency of indigenous rhizobia from soils collected from the Northern and Southern Guinea and Sudan Savanna agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Soils were collected at 0 to 20 cm depth...
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and their mothers using some non-invasive techniques
August 2016
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important global public health concern. It infects approximately one half of the world’s population. Considering the broad spectrum of available H. pylori diagnostic methods and since a reliable diagnosis is mandatory both before and after eradication therapy; thus it is crucial to study the different methods to be able to select the highly accurate laboratory tests that could...
In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) on Streptococcus mutans biofilm
August 2016
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of essential oil of lemon grass (LGO) on Streptococcus mutans biofilm developed in hydroxyapatite discs surface. Initially, the susceptibility of S. mutans to the LGO through the inhibition zone test in planktonic suspension and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was investigated. To evaluate the effect of the essential oil in biofilms, hydroxyapatite discs were used...
Antimicrobial activity of extracts from Crotalaria bernieri Baill. (Fabaceae)
August 2016
This work was designed to study the antimicrobial activity of Crotalaria bernieri Baill. (Fabaceae). Extracts from leaf, root, pod and seed using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested in vitro for their activity against 17 bacteria, 5 fungi (3 yeasts and 2 molds) using disc diffusion and micro dilution methods. At the concentration of 1 mg/disc, all the extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity depending on the...
Role of probiotics in prevention of hospital acquired pneumonia in Egyptian children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Mansoura University Children’s Hospital
August 2016
The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of probiotics to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The study is a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled study. Patients were evenly and randomly assigned in two groups. The first group was 50 randomly selected patients who formed the placebo group, while the second group was 70 patients selected randomly to form...
Morphogenesis of edible gall in Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf due to Ustilago esculenta Henn. infection in India
August 2016
The Zizania latifolia Griseb. Turcz. ex Stapf., a perennial wetland wild rice species get infected by a basidiomycetous fungus Ustilago esculenta Henn that produces gall. Here we report the morphogenesis behaviour of this plant during gall transformation. The identity of Z. latifolia and U. esculenta were confirmed by comparing microsatellite and Internal Transcribed Spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence with...
Characterization of Bacillus cereus spores isolated from Algerian processed cheese
August 2016
The main purpose of this study is to characterize the isolated Bacillus cereus spores from processed cheese manufactured and marketed in Algeria. Sixty samples of four brands of processed cheese were analyzed. The panC gene sequencing identified four B. cereus spores belonging to Group III, according to the classification of Guinebretiere et al. (2010). In nutrient broth, values ​​of D for B. cereus spores...
Discrimination of Ralstonia solanacearum isolates by genetic signatures produced by single-strand conformation polymorphism and low-stringency single specific primer PCR analysis
August 2016
Development of molecular biology based techniques have led to reliable characterization and determination of the genetic diversity among phytopathogens. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and Low-stringency single specific primer (LSSP)-PCR were assessed for genetic typing of Ralstonia solanacearum isolates from suspicious bacterial wilt fields. R. solanacearum isolates obtained were amplified by colony PCR...
Lactic acid bacteria from traditionally processed corn beer and palm wine against selected food-borne pathogens isolated in south west region of Cameroon
August 2016
The present study was undertaken to assess the inhibitory potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditionally processed corn-beer and palm-wine on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated on MRS agar using pour plate method. The catalase negative and Gram positive isolates were selected as presumptive lactic acid bacteria and were biochemically...
Detection of microbial surface contamination and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli on beef carcasses in Arusha, Tanzania
August 2016
Food serves as an important fomite for transmission of disease-causing and antibiotic resistant bacteria to humans. Because this may be an especially challenging problem in low-income countries, the level of microbial surface contamination and abundance of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli on beef carcasses were estimated. Out of 125 surface swab samples (plated on MacConkey agar), 70 to 100% were positive to...
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