Evaluation of a non-submerged cultivation assay combined to ESEM imaging for analysis of biofilms formed by dairy-associated sporeforming bacteria
August 2016
In the dairy industry, the biofilms formed by spore forming bacteria are not well characterized. Microscopic methods are crucial for the study of biofilm structural and architectural features. Here, a simple surface-associated non-submerged model combined to environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) imaging was used for the study of Bacillus cereus and Geobacillus spp. dairy biofilms. To evaluate the utility of...
Antibacterial susceptibility spectrum of some gram negative bacteria from suspected Otitis media patients
August 2016
Otitis media (OM) is a multifactorial disease characterized by high rate of recurrence in young children and considered to cause hearing impairment in children. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria of OM to some antibiotics. A total of Fifty four (54) samples were obtained from patients with suspected cases of otitis media coming into the National Ear Care Centre...
Nosocomial infection caused by multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae and their spread in inanimate surfaces in East-Algerian hospitals
August 2016
The inanimate hospital environment may serve as a reservoir for resistant bacteria that pose nosocomial infection risks often originating from cross contamination and the most common means of pathogens transference occurs between hands of health professionals, hospital equipment and patients. The aim of this study was to investigate various nosocomial infections with multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E) and...
Cloning and characterization of an endo-β-1,4-xylanase gene from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and phylogenetic analysis of similar genes from phytopathogenic fungus
August 2016
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the etiological agent of anthracnose, one of the main diseases of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). In this study, the complete cDNAs of two endo-β-1,4-xylanase genes (xyl1) from non-pathogenic (0) and pathogenic (1472) races of C. lindemuthianum were isolated and characterized. To get an insight into the role of endo-β-1,4-xylanases in their different lifestyles, xyl1 gene expression...
Effects of temperature and incubation time on growth and ochratoxin A biosynthesis by Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ochraceus in grain-based media
August 2016
Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been frequently found as a food contaminant, and it is considered one of the mycotoxins most harmful to human health. In this context, this study was performed aiming to evaluate mycelial growth and ochratoxin A production from three isolates of Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ochraceus. The isolates were inoculated on culture media coffee, wheat and maize as well as YES medium and...
Recovery and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella from fresh goat meat in Arusha, Tanzania
August 2016
Meat products are clearly associated with foodborne pathogens including, antibiotic-resistant strains. Population growth and growing consumer demand facilitate the transmission of foodborne pathogens, particularly in developing countries. To determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in goat meat, a study was done in Tanzania (June to July, 2015). Overall 120 goat meat samples were collected from...
Relationship between the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecalis during the biofilm formation
August 2016
One of the factors that make the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infections difficult is their ability to form biofilm, as well as their natural and acquired resistance to antibiotics which does not have specific drugs for their inhibition. This fact makes essential the search for alternative treatments, as the use of probiotics strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus has been effective in the treatment of some diseases....
Relative efficiency and response of promiscuous soybean to rhizobia inoculant in Savanna region of Nigeria
August 2016
Inoculation of promiscuous soybean with rhizobia has been proven to improve yield. Screenhouse pot experiments were conducted to assess the response of promiscuous soybean, TGx1448-2E to rhizobia inoculation and to determine the relative efficiency of indigenous rhizobia from soils collected from the Northern and Southern Guinea and Sudan Savanna agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Soils were collected at 0 to 20 cm depth...
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and their mothers using some non-invasive techniques
August 2016
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important global public health concern. It infects approximately one half of the world’s population. Considering the broad spectrum of available H. pylori diagnostic methods and since a reliable diagnosis is mandatory both before and after eradication therapy; thus it is crucial to study the different methods to be able to select the highly accurate laboratory tests that could...
Bioprospecting and plant growth-promoting bacteria tolerant to salinity associated with Atriplex nummularia L. in saline soils
August 2016
This study aimed to bioprospect and select halotolerantes bacteria and promoting plant growth associated with the plant Atriplex nummularia L. in saline soils. For bioprospecting of bacteria, samples were collected in five niches and two field experiments located in Serra Talhada and Ibimirim, Pernambuco, Brazil. After collecting the material it was performed the isolation and selection of bacteria based on plant growth...
Morphogenesis of edible gall in Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf due to Ustilago esculenta Henn. infection in India
August 2016
The Zizania latifolia Griseb. Turcz. ex Stapf., a perennial wetland wild rice species get infected by a basidiomycetous fungus Ustilago esculenta Henn that produces gall. Here we report the morphogenesis behaviour of this plant during gall transformation. The identity of Z. latifolia and U. esculenta were confirmed by comparing microsatellite and Internal Transcribed Spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence with...
In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) on Streptococcus mutans biofilm
August 2016
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of essential oil of lemon grass (LGO) on Streptococcus mutans biofilm developed in hydroxyapatite discs surface. Initially, the susceptibility of S. mutans to the LGO through the inhibition zone test in planktonic suspension and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was investigated. To evaluate the effect of the essential oil in biofilms, hydroxyapatite discs were used...
Antimicrobial activity of extracts from Crotalaria bernieri Baill. (Fabaceae)
August 2016
This work was designed to study the antimicrobial activity of Crotalaria bernieri Baill. (Fabaceae). Extracts from leaf, root, pod and seed using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested in vitro for their activity against 17 bacteria, 5 fungi (3 yeasts and 2 molds) using disc diffusion and micro dilution methods. At the concentration of 1 mg/disc, all the extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity depending on the...
Role of probiotics in prevention of hospital acquired pneumonia in Egyptian children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Mansoura University Children’s Hospital
August 2016
The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of probiotics to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The study is a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled study. Patients were evenly and randomly assigned in two groups. The first group was 50 randomly selected patients who formed the placebo group, while the second group was 70 patients selected randomly to form...
Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum isolates from tomato plants in Algeria
August 2016
Fusarium oxysporum is an ubiquitous soil-borne fungus, having a high genetic and ecological diversity with the potential to cause diseases of many crop species of economic interest. Indeed, some strains of F. oxysporum known as pathogens generate common diseases such as wilting, root and crown rot on host plants. Two formae speciales are confined to the tomato: F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) causing Fusarium wilt,...
Growth inhibition of the stored fish (Ethmalosa fimbriata) fungus Aspergillus flavus, exposed to extracted essential oils from Callistemon citrinus and Ocimum canum
August 2016
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effects of essential oils from Callistemon citrinus and Ocimum canum against Aspergillus flavus. Major components in the oil of C. citrinus were 1,8-cineole (60.6%), α-pinene (18.5%), limonene (5.0%) and α-terpineol (5.0%). The oil of O. canum was mainly composed of 1.8-cineole (20.8%), linalol (14.3%), eugenol (11.9%), terpinen-4-ol (7.4%) and germacrene...
Characterization of Bacillus cereus spores isolated from Algerian processed cheese
August 2016
The main purpose of this study is to characterize the isolated Bacillus cereus spores from processed cheese manufactured and marketed in Algeria. Sixty samples of four brands of processed cheese were analyzed. The panC gene sequencing identified four B. cereus spores belonging to Group III, according to the classification of Guinebretiere et al. (2010). In nutrient broth, values ​​of D for B. cereus spores...
Detection of microbial surface contamination and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli on beef carcasses in Arusha, Tanzania
August 2016
Food serves as an important fomite for transmission of disease-causing and antibiotic resistant bacteria to humans. Because this may be an especially challenging problem in low-income countries, the level of microbial surface contamination and abundance of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli on beef carcasses were estimated. Out of 125 surface swab samples (plated on MacConkey agar), 70 to 100% were positive to...
Lactic acid bacteria from traditionally processed corn beer and palm wine against selected food-borne pathogens isolated in south west region of Cameroon
August 2016
The present study was undertaken to assess the inhibitory potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditionally processed corn-beer and palm-wine on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated on MRS agar using pour plate method. The catalase negative and Gram positive isolates were selected as presumptive lactic acid bacteria and were biochemically...
Discrimination of Ralstonia solanacearum isolates by genetic signatures produced by single-strand conformation polymorphism and low-stringency single specific primer PCR analysis
August 2016
Development of molecular biology based techniques have led to reliable characterization and determination of the genetic diversity among phytopathogens. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and Low-stringency single specific primer (LSSP)-PCR were assessed for genetic typing of Ralstonia solanacearum isolates from suspicious bacterial wilt fields. R. solanacearum isolates obtained were amplified by colony PCR...
Inhibitory activity of Trichoderma viride against Phytophthora infestans that affects the Spunta potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) variety
August 2016
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a tuberous herbaceous plant that belongs to the Solanaceae family. Several biotic and abiotic factors affecting its production include fungi such as mildew. In this present work, we proposed to evaluate the antagonistic power of Trichoderma viride against parasite Phytophthora infestans of potato tubers. We conducted two tests; for the first, in confrontation in-vitro, the direct...
Mycorrhiazal association in relation to soil properties and plant species density in Sidama of Southern Ethiopia
August 2016
In Sidama, agroforestry represents land-use systems with deliberate management of multipurpose trees and shrubs that grow in intimate association with annual and perennial agricultural crops and/or livestock. The interaction of microbiota with the trees, shrubs and crops make the system fertile, productive and sustainable. One of the beneficial microbiota which has symbiotic association with most of the plants in...
Isolation of Salmonella species and some other gram negative bacteria from rats cohabitating with poultry in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
August 2016
The aim of this study was to isolate Salmonella species and other enteric bacteria in rats cohabiting with poultry; in order to consider the potential role of rats in their transmissions to poultry and humans. Four hundred samples comprising 200 oral swabs and 200 anal swabs were collected from rats cohabiting with poultry from 5 local government areas in Ibadan. The samples were subjected to standard bacteriological...
Morphological, physiological and biochemical characterizations of some soil isolates of Bacillus cereus group from Algeria
August 2016
Bacillus cereus is a group of bacteria frequently found in soil, widely distributed in the environment. They are a group of ubiquitously facultative anaerobic spore-forming Gram-positive rods and are of health and economic benefits. The present study was conducted to identify, characterize about 36 B. cereus and examined for their potential plant growth promoting (PGP), which was tested in vitro. Parameters assessed...
Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Gambella region, Southwest Ethiopia
August 2016
The information on the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in certain geographic region is needed for a better understanding of epidemiology of TB and could have implications for development of new diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines. The aim of this study was to provide information on the strains of M. tuberculosis circulating in Gambella region. Cross-sectional study was conducted for six months (November...
Profile of bacterial and parasitic urinary infections in Saint Louis Senegal between 2000 and 2010
July 2016
Infections of the urinary tract are important part of infectious diseases that mainly involve bacteria. In parasite endemic areas, bacterial and parasitic co-infections may occur, however in Saint-Louis region which is a Schistosoma-endemic area, little is known about this association. Here this study aim to investigate the spectrum of bacterial and parasitic urinary infections as well as co-infections with both...
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from raw camel and goat milk from somali region of Ethiopia
July 2016
The study was carried out with the aim to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from camel and goat raw milk and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. 204 raw milk samples were collected from randomly selected lactating camels (n=62) and lactating goats (n=142) in live-stock producing pastoralists’ areas of Somali region for isolation and identification of S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were...
Role of bacteriological investigation of endotracheal aspirate in diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
July 2016
Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication of ventilatory support for patients with acute respiratory failure, currently related to high mortality rate. Therefore, this complication of mechanical ventilation requires a prompt diagnosis and adequate antibiotic treatment. The study aimed to investigate the role of endotracheal aspirate (ETA) surveillance cultures in identifying the aetiology of VAP...
Isolation of heavy metal-resistant fungi from contaminated soil and co-culturing with rice seedlings
July 2016
Environmental pollution from toxic heavy metals is a growing problem throughout the world due to the expansion of industrialisation. The use of microbes and biotechnological processes can provide alternative or complementary methods for the removal or recovery of heavy metals through bioremediation. The present study isolated, identified and characterised heavy metal-resistant fungi from cadmium- and...
Comparative antimicrobial potentials of omidun obtained from yellow and white maize varieties on some diarrhoea causing microorganisms
July 2016
This study determines the comparative antimicrobial potentials of omidun “supernatant solution of fermented maize mash” from yellow and white maize varieties on some diarrhoea causing microorganisms. The pH of the two omidun varieties were determined, their antimicrobial activities was also determined using agar well diffusion. Disc diffusion assay was also done using commercially produced antibiotics....
Bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of traditionally dry-salted Pebbly fish (Alestes baremoze) sold in different markets of West Nile Region, Uganda
July 2016
The present study aimed at estimating the microbiological and chemical characteristics of traditionally dry-salted fish product, Alestes baremoze. A total of 40 random dry fish samples were collected from Arua, Nebbi, Packwach and Panyimur markets. Moisture content, pH, crude protein, crude fat and sodium chloride were analysed to determine chemical quality while Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci,...
In vitro antagonistic activity of native bacteria isolated from soils of the argentine Pampas against Fusarium tucumaniae and Fusarium virguliforme
July 2016
The aim of the present study was to evaluate indigenous PGPR (Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) previously isolated from Argentina's soybean fields for their in vitro antagonistic effects on the control of Fusarium tucumaniae and F. virguliforme, in two separated in vitro assays. In assay 1, the bacteria that showed the highest significant (P < 0.05) F. tucumaniae mycelial growth inhibition were strains...
In vitro antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy)
July 2016
The excessive usage of conventional antibiotics leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains which threaten public health and stimulates searching for new sources of bio-therapeutic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions from larvae of Sarcophaga argyrostoma, a common species of the family Sarcophagidae in Egypt. The...
Fungi extract in the inhibition of the egg hatching and larval development of the Haemonchus contortus
July 2016
In vitro efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum was assessed in the egg hatching inhibition (EHI) and larval development inhibition (LDI) of Haemonchus contortus. For the EHI assessment, after 48 h of incubation with different concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts, it was quantified blastomeres, embryonated eggs, and larvae of first stage. For the...
Microbial contamination of orthodontic appliances made of acrylic resin
July 2016
Patients and professionals involved in dentistry are constantly exposed to potentially pathogenic microorganisms, which may be present in agents such as instruments and equipment, among others. The production of orthodontic appliances, as well as other dentistry work, is carried out in a dental laboratory where there is potential for cross-infection. Nevertheless, studies which evaluate the presence of bacterial...
Antibiofilm effect of Tucumã (Astrocaryum sp.) endosperm against Candida albicans
July 2016
Candida albicans is one of the most relevant human opportunistic pathogens and highly competent to build biofilms on vital and non-vital surfaces. Facing the escalating resistance of microorganisms to current antimicrobials and fungicides, the Amazonian biodiversity may bring raw material to the development of new antimicrobial drugs. Astrocaryum sp. is a regional fruit, consumed in natura or as ice creams and other...
Efficacy of Rhodopseudomonas containing multi-microbe probiotic on growth performance, mortality and cecal microflora in broilers
July 2016
Combinations of probiotic microorganisms are the study of interest due to beneficial impact through synergistic actions. Several researchers including our previous result found positive effects of various combinations of probiotic inclusion in broiler diet. In the current study, the efficacy of combinations of probiotic organisms by adding Rhodopseudomonas spp. was the primary interest on growth performance, mortality,...
Production of food colourants by filamentous fungi
July 2016
Food colourants are pigments or dyes added to food to maintain, intensify or add colour to foods. Although, the initial natural sources of food colourants were plants and animals, these sources have become inadequate due to increase in demand. This led to the use of synthetic colourants, some of which have harmful effects on human. Filamentous fungi are good sources of colourants since they are capable of synthesizing...
An evaluation of the use of probiotics and manure composting as strategies to reduce levels of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in sheep
July 2016
Healthy ruminants appear to be the main reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Importantly, this pathogen is shed in faeces of sheep and can cause outbreaks of human illness ranging from diarrhea to hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) have been reported worldwide. The manure of ruminants when used as agricultural fertilizer can...
Antibacterial properties of wild edible and non-edible mushrooms found in Zimbabwe
July 2016
Mushrooms have been used extensively in traditional medicine as antimicrobial, antiviral and antitumor agents. Infectious diseases remain a major threat to human health, due to global antimicrobial resistance. This has led to an increase in the search for new and potent antimicrobial substances. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous (cold and hot) and organic solvents...
Isolation and characterization of some gut microbial symbionts from fungus-cultivating termites (Macrotermes and Odontotermes spp.)
July 2016
Microbiota of termites is crucial for nitrogen cycle activities and degradation of recalcitrant components of plant biomass that influence soil structure and carbon mineralization in tropical and subtropical regions. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize gut bacteria that may be potentially associated with nitrogen metabolism from two fungus-feeding termites (Macrotermes and Odontotermes spp.). Twenty...
Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in bivalve mollusks harvesting area in Bahia, Brazil
July 2016
The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity potential of Vibrio cholerae isolates originated from water samples and bivalve mollusks. The strains were subjected to phenotypic identification and molecular confirmation using the species-specific initiator (OmpW); minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined; and the production of metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs)...
Molecular characterization of midgut bacteria of Aedes albopictus exhibiting swarming motility property
July 2016
Aedes mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever throughout the world. Mosquito gut harbors a variety of microbes, known to play a potential role in various physiological processes such as food digestion and pathogen development. Many bacterial species exert various movements like swarming, gliding and twitching which vary with individual...
In vitro antagonistic activity evaluation of some selected fungi isolated from burned soils in Mila region (East of Algeria)
July 2016
The present study was initiated to (i) determine burned forest-inhabiting fungi in Zouagha, TerriBeinène, Mila and (ii) study the antagonistic activities of Trichoderma sp against Fusarium sp, Penicillium sp, Rhizoctonia sp, and Alternaria sp. Eighteen fungal strains representing six genera were isolated from soil samples obtained from the burned forest of Zouagha in the Mila region: Trichoderma sp, Fusarium sp,...
Inhibition of biofilms on urinary catheters using immobilized Lactobacillus cells
July 2016
Bacterial biofilms forming on indwelling urinary catheters continue to represent a public health problem because they are associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study was undertaken to evaluate the ability of immobilized Lactobacillus acidophilus cells to inhibit biofilm formation on catheter surfaces. Urine bacteria and Lactobacillus species were isolated from urine and vaginal swabs (HVS), respectively....
β-Fructofuranosidase production by Aspergillus versicolor isolated from Atlantic forest and grown on apple pomace
July 2016
This study explores the production and characterization of an extracellular β-fructofuranosidase (FFase-I) by Aspergillus versicolor newly isolated from Atlantic Forest-Brazil. The β-fructofuranosidase production by fungus, after the optimization process using central composite design and response surface methodology, showed that 3% (w/v) apple pomace, an initial pH 7.5, and 12 days of cultivation provided the...
Characterization and purification of bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus sp. GHB26 isolated from Algerian paste of dates "Ghars"
July 2016
Strain Enterococcus sp. GHB26, isolated from the Algerian paste of dates "Ghars", produced a bacteriocin. This bacteriocin was inactivated by proteolytic enzymes. Antibacterial activity of the bacteriocin was heat stable at 120°C for 20 min (533 AU/ml), stable at pH range of 2 to 12 and resistant to chemicals (SDS, EDTA, NaCl, Tween 80, Urea). The active bacteriocin from the cell-free supernatant of...
Serotyping and molecular typing of Salmonella species isolated from wastewater in Nsukka, Nigeria
June 2016
The objective of this investigation was to isolate and identify Salmonella serovars present in wastewater from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) wastewater treatment plant and to evaluate the sensitivity and precision of different microbial typing methods (conventional and molecular), in identifying and characterizing Salmonella species. A total of 100 suspected Salmonella colonies on selective media...
Screening and evaluation of herbicidal metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp.
June 2016
Laboratory bioassays were conducted to screen and evaluate the potential herbicidal metabolites produced by Trichoderma.longibrachiatum (Tr673), T. harzianum (Tr319), T. viride (Tr347) T. koningii (Tr324) and T. asperellum (Tr85) on inhibiting seed germination (SGe) and shoot/root growth (SGr/RGr) of seedlings of Porslane (Portulaca oleracea), Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and Amaranthus retroflexus L. The...
Nutritional characteristics of marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu) subjected to inoculation with associative diazotrophic bacteria
June 2016
Due to the search for viable and cost-effective ways to provide nitrogen for forage grasses, inoculation with diazotrophs presents high potential as an alternative to plant nutrition by reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutrition of marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu) subjected to inoculation with associative diazotrophic bacteria grown in Cerrado soil...
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