Characterization of antifungal Paenibacillus illinoisensis strain UKCH21 and its chitinolytic properties
September 2016
Paenibacillus strain, UKCH21, isolated from Uttarakhand State, north western Indian Himalayas was found to produce high levels of extracellular chitinases. The 16s rRNA gene sequence showed 100% homology with P. illinoisensis (Accession No. KR856190) available in the public domain and further phylogenetic study also verified the species identity. The culture supernatants have a maximum chitinase activity of 110.8...
Genetic diversity analysis of rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting of Lysobacter spp.
September 2016
Lysobacter. spp. are considered as important biocontrol bacteria, due to their antagonistic activity against many pathogenic fungi, bacteria and nematodes. Rep-PCR was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 12 Lysobacter strains. These strains included Lysobacter antibioticus (HY, 13-1, 13-6, 6-B-1, 13-B-1, 6-T'-4, LJ6-3, LJ6-4 and LR9-3), Lysobacter enzymogenes (DH3, 1-T-1-4) and Lysobacter capsici (LG18) isolate...
Evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase gene (blaKPC) in enterobacteriaceae isolates from clinical samples in Menoufia University hospitals, Egypt
September 2016
The aim of our work is to study and evaluate a rapid method for detection of Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemases genes (blaKPC) in enterobacteriaceae isolates from clinical samples by using real time PCR and comparison of this method with ordinary phenotypic methods. Outbreaks of carbapenemâ€resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE), primarily K. pneumoniae, have been reported recently in several regions worldwide. The...
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection
September 2016
Extensive use of antibiotics for urinary tract infections has led to the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms and one solution to this problem is to search for non-antibiotic compounds that exert anti-bacterial activity through different mechanisms such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this study, out of 100 urine samples; 48 Escherichia coli strains were detected, 47.9% were multi-drug...
Increasing trend of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
September 2016
Multidrug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have become a serious threat to hospitalized patients and health workers. Recently, this bacterium has emerged as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and this bacterial strain has turned into a superbug in the health domain. The main objective of the present study was to find out the prevalence of MRSA in different clinical samples. A total number of 155 clinical...
Comparison of the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from commercial-layer and free-range chickens in Arusha district, Tanzania
September 2016
The antibiotic susceptibility of fecal Escherichia coli isolates from commercial-layer and free-range chickens in Arusha district, Tanzania were compared. All the chickens were raised by individual households, but commercial-layer chickens were purchased from commercial vendors, whereas no systematic breeding system was used to produce free-range chickens. A total of 1,800 E. coli isolates (1,200 from commercial-layer...
Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and mussels (Perna perna) of the seacoast of Santa Catarina, Brazil
September 2016
This research aimed to identify and quantify Vibrio parahaemolyticus in fresh oysters (Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Perna perna) and seawater from different regions of cultivation of bivalve shellfishes in the seacoast of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Samples were collected between October 2012 and December 2013 and 130 oysters samples (Crassostrea gigas), 215 mussels samples (Perna perna) and 222 seawater were collected. The...
Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit in University Hospital of Constantine, Algeria (2011 - 2015)
September 2016
The incidence of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria is increasing worldwide. The frequent misuse of antibiotic drug has greatly contributed to worldwide dissemination of antibiotics resistance. Multi-drug resistance in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria causes a wide range of infections, particularly in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) settings leading to an increased impact on morbidity, mortality and...
Gut bacterial microbiota in psoriasis: A case control study
September 2016
Gut microbiota is mainly composed of four phyla; however, the human gut microbiota is dominated by only 2 of them and most of them are uncultivable. Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder with associated inflammation of internal organs and musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to, identify numerically abundant bacteria phyla in fecal samples of patients with psoriasis, evaluate whether differences in fecal...
Removal of Escherichia coli in treated wastewater used for food production in Morogoro, Tanzania
September 2016
The aim of this study was to assess the removal efficiency of Escherichia coli at Mafisa and Mzumbe domestic wastewater treatment ponds in Morogoro, Tanzania. The study was done from October, 2013 to April, 2014. A total of 125 water samples from inlets and subsequent anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds as well as treated wastewater were collected and analysed for E. coli. The estimated retention times of the...
Antimicrobial activities of a multi-species probiotic ingredient derived from opaque sorghum beer during its propagation in a starchy career model
September 2016
This study evaluates the antimicrobial activities of a multi-species probiotic ingredient derived from the African opaque sorghum beer during its propagation in a starchy career model. The aim was to establish the optimum growth conditions that warrant the optimum antimicrobial activities in the product. The antimicrobial activities were tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 27844, S. aureus...
Drug-resistant bacteria in frozen and fresh marine shrimp
September 2016
This study aimed to evaluate the bacteriological quality of frozen and fresh shrimp samples by Salmonella detection and the quantification of staphylococci and coliforms. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of staphylococci isolates was also determined. A total of 30 shrimp samples commercialized in Sobral-CE - 15 fresh and 15 frozen, each one weighing 500 g - was analyzed. There was no contamination by Salmonella...
Resistance genes to sulphonamide in commensal Escherichia coli isolated from stool of patients in Mansoura University Children Hospital
September 2016
Commensal bacteria have a great impact on the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. This emphasizes a great need to underscore the magnitude of this problem in our locality, and children are taken as a sector in this research because they are usually subjected to heavy load of antibiotic usage. This study aimed at determining sulphonamide resistance genes presence among fecal isolates of commensal Escherichia...
Fusarium spp. and fumonisin in feed for equine and its importance for occurrence of leukoencephalomalacia
August 2016
In the animal feed industry, an ever growing increase in quality has been observed, but the main feature of a food is related to its security because the contamination poses a risk to animal health. The problems caused by fungal colonization is the significant loss of food quality, because even those who do not produce mycotoxins cause losses in the nutritional quality. Researches show that the most important Fumonisins...
Microbial species of safety concern in milk from informal processors in Harare, Zimbabwe
August 2016
In this study, the bacteriological quality and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella species, and Pseudomonas species were studied in raw milk, cultured milk, milk handlers and packaging containers. A total of 36 samples were collected over 3 months from three different farmers. Samples were analyzed for means of counts per milliliter of milk for total bacterial...
Evaluation of a non-submerged cultivation assay combined to ESEM imaging for analysis of biofilms formed by dairy-associated sporeforming bacteria
August 2016
In the dairy industry, the biofilms formed by spore forming bacteria are not well characterized. Microscopic methods are crucial for the study of biofilm structural and architectural features. Here, a simple surface-associated non-submerged model combined to environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) imaging was used for the study of Bacillus cereus and Geobacillus spp. dairy biofilms. To evaluate the utility of...
Cytokinins production by fluorescent Pseudomonas isolated from rhizospheric soils of Malus and Pyrus
August 2016
Information on microbial production of cytokinins and their effect on plant growth are limited. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate cytokinins production by Pseudomonas sp., a major component of rhizobacteria with multiform and diverse activities, which enhance plant growth by synthesizing various secondary metabolites. In the present investigations, thirty Pseudomonas isolates were isolated...
Antibacterial susceptibility spectrum of some gram negative bacteria from suspected Otitis media patients
August 2016
Otitis media (OM) is a multifactorial disease characterized by high rate of recurrence in young children and considered to cause hearing impairment in children. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria of OM to some antibiotics. A total of Fifty four (54) samples were obtained from patients with suspected cases of otitis media coming into the National Ear Care Centre...
Nosocomial infection caused by multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae and their spread in inanimate surfaces in East-Algerian hospitals
August 2016
The inanimate hospital environment may serve as a reservoir for resistant bacteria that pose nosocomial infection risks often originating from cross contamination and the most common means of pathogens transference occurs between hands of health professionals, hospital equipment and patients. The aim of this study was to investigate various nosocomial infections with multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E) and...
Cloning and characterization of an endo-β-1,4-xylanase gene from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and phylogenetic analysis of similar genes from phytopathogenic fungus
August 2016
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the etiological agent of anthracnose, one of the main diseases of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). In this study, the complete cDNAs of two endo-β-1,4-xylanase genes (xyl1) from non-pathogenic (0) and pathogenic (1472) races of C. lindemuthianum were isolated and characterized. To get an insight into the role of endo-β-1,4-xylanases in their different lifestyles, xyl1 gene expression...
Effects of temperature and incubation time on growth and ochratoxin A biosynthesis by Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ochraceus in grain-based media
August 2016
Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been frequently found as a food contaminant, and it is considered one of the mycotoxins most harmful to human health. In this context, this study was performed aiming to evaluate mycelial growth and ochratoxin A production from three isolates of Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ochraceus. The isolates were inoculated on culture media coffee, wheat and maize as well as YES medium and...
Recovery and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella from fresh goat meat in Arusha, Tanzania
August 2016
Meat products are clearly associated with foodborne pathogens including, antibiotic-resistant strains. Population growth and growing consumer demand facilitate the transmission of foodborne pathogens, particularly in developing countries. To determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in goat meat, a study was done in Tanzania (June to July, 2015). Overall 120 goat meat samples were collected from...
Relationship between the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecalis during the biofilm formation
August 2016
One of the factors that make the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infections difficult is their ability to form biofilm, as well as their natural and acquired resistance to antibiotics which does not have specific drugs for their inhibition. This fact makes essential the search for alternative treatments, as the use of probiotics strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus has been effective in the treatment of some diseases....
Relative efficiency and response of promiscuous soybean to rhizobia inoculant in Savanna region of Nigeria
August 2016
Inoculation of promiscuous soybean with rhizobia has been proven to improve yield. Screenhouse pot experiments were conducted to assess the response of promiscuous soybean, TGx1448-2E to rhizobia inoculation and to determine the relative efficiency of indigenous rhizobia from soils collected from the Northern and Southern Guinea and Sudan Savanna agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Soils were collected at 0 to 20 cm depth...
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and their mothers using some non-invasive techniques
August 2016
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important global public health concern. It infects approximately one half of the world’s population. Considering the broad spectrum of available H. pylori diagnostic methods and since a reliable diagnosis is mandatory both before and after eradication therapy; thus it is crucial to study the different methods to be able to select the highly accurate laboratory tests that could...
Bioprospecting and plant growth-promoting bacteria tolerant to salinity associated with Atriplex nummularia L. in saline soils
August 2016
This study aimed to bioprospect and select halotolerantes bacteria and promoting plant growth associated with the plant Atriplex nummularia L. in saline soils. For bioprospecting of bacteria, samples were collected in five niches and two field experiments located in Serra Talhada and Ibimirim, Pernambuco, Brazil. After collecting the material it was performed the isolation and selection of bacteria based on plant growth...
Morphogenesis of edible gall in Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf due to Ustilago esculenta Henn. infection in India
August 2016
The Zizania latifolia Griseb. Turcz. ex Stapf., a perennial wetland wild rice species get infected by a basidiomycetous fungus Ustilago esculenta Henn that produces gall. Here we report the morphogenesis behaviour of this plant during gall transformation. The identity of Z. latifolia and U. esculenta were confirmed by comparing microsatellite and Internal Transcribed Spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence with...
In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) on Streptococcus mutans biofilm
August 2016
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of essential oil of lemon grass (LGO) on Streptococcus mutans biofilm developed in hydroxyapatite discs surface. Initially, the susceptibility of S. mutans to the LGO through the inhibition zone test in planktonic suspension and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was investigated. To evaluate the effect of the essential oil in biofilms, hydroxyapatite discs were used...
Antimicrobial activity of extracts from Crotalaria bernieri Baill. (Fabaceae)
August 2016
This work was designed to study the antimicrobial activity of Crotalaria bernieri Baill. (Fabaceae). Extracts from leaf, root, pod and seed using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested in vitro for their activity against 17 bacteria, 5 fungi (3 yeasts and 2 molds) using disc diffusion and micro dilution methods. At the concentration of 1 mg/disc, all the extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity depending on the...
Role of probiotics in prevention of hospital acquired pneumonia in Egyptian children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Mansoura University Children’s Hospital
August 2016
The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of probiotics to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The study is a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled study. Patients were evenly and randomly assigned in two groups. The first group was 50 randomly selected patients who formed the placebo group, while the second group was 70 patients selected randomly to form...
Discrimination of Ralstonia solanacearum isolates by genetic signatures produced by single-strand conformation polymorphism and low-stringency single specific primer PCR analysis
August 2016
Development of molecular biology based techniques have led to reliable characterization and determination of the genetic diversity among phytopathogens. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and Low-stringency single specific primer (LSSP)-PCR were assessed for genetic typing of Ralstonia solanacearum isolates from suspicious bacterial wilt fields. R. solanacearum isolates obtained were amplified by colony PCR...
Lactic acid bacteria from traditionally processed corn beer and palm wine against selected food-borne pathogens isolated in south west region of Cameroon
August 2016
The present study was undertaken to assess the inhibitory potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditionally processed corn-beer and palm-wine on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated on MRS agar using pour plate method. The catalase negative and Gram positive isolates were selected as presumptive lactic acid bacteria and were biochemically...
Detection of microbial surface contamination and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli on beef carcasses in Arusha, Tanzania
August 2016
Food serves as an important fomite for transmission of disease-causing and antibiotic resistant bacteria to humans. Because this may be an especially challenging problem in low-income countries, the level of microbial surface contamination and abundance of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli on beef carcasses were estimated. Out of 125 surface swab samples (plated on MacConkey agar), 70 to 100% were positive to...
Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum isolates from tomato plants in Algeria
August 2016
Fusarium oxysporum is an ubiquitous soil-borne fungus, having a high genetic and ecological diversity with the potential to cause diseases of many crop species of economic interest. Indeed, some strains of F. oxysporum known as pathogens generate common diseases such as wilting, root and crown rot on host plants. Two formae speciales are confined to the tomato: F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) causing Fusarium wilt,...
Growth inhibition of the stored fish (Ethmalosa fimbriata) fungus Aspergillus flavus, exposed to extracted essential oils from Callistemon citrinus and Ocimum canum
August 2016
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effects of essential oils from Callistemon citrinus and Ocimum canum against Aspergillus flavus. Major components in the oil of C. citrinus were 1,8-cineole (60.6%), α-pinene (18.5%), limonene (5.0%) and α-terpineol (5.0%). The oil of O. canum was mainly composed of 1.8-cineole (20.8%), linalol (14.3%), eugenol (11.9%), terpinen-4-ol (7.4%) and germacrene...
Characterization of Bacillus cereus spores isolated from Algerian processed cheese
August 2016
The main purpose of this study is to characterize the isolated Bacillus cereus spores from processed cheese manufactured and marketed in Algeria. Sixty samples of four brands of processed cheese were analyzed. The panC gene sequencing identified four B. cereus spores belonging to Group III, according to the classification of Guinebretiere et al. (2010). In nutrient broth, values ​​of D for B. cereus spores...
Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Gambella region, Southwest Ethiopia
August 2016
The information on the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in certain geographic region is needed for a better understanding of epidemiology of TB and could have implications for development of new diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines. The aim of this study was to provide information on the strains of M. tuberculosis circulating in Gambella region. Cross-sectional study was conducted for six months (November...
Morphological, physiological and biochemical characterizations of some soil isolates of Bacillus cereus group from Algeria
August 2016
Bacillus cereus is a group of bacteria frequently found in soil, widely distributed in the environment. They are a group of ubiquitously facultative anaerobic spore-forming Gram-positive rods and are of health and economic benefits. The present study was conducted to identify, characterize about 36 B. cereus and examined for their potential plant growth promoting (PGP), which was tested in vitro. Parameters assessed...
Isolation of Salmonella species and some other gram negative bacteria from rats cohabitating with poultry in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
August 2016
The aim of this study was to isolate Salmonella species and other enteric bacteria in rats cohabiting with poultry; in order to consider the potential role of rats in their transmissions to poultry and humans. Four hundred samples comprising 200 oral swabs and 200 anal swabs were collected from rats cohabiting with poultry from 5 local government areas in Ibadan. The samples were subjected to standard bacteriological...
Mycorrhiazal association in relation to soil properties and plant species density in Sidama of Southern Ethiopia
August 2016
In Sidama, agroforestry represents land-use systems with deliberate management of multipurpose trees and shrubs that grow in intimate association with annual and perennial agricultural crops and/or livestock. The interaction of microbiota with the trees, shrubs and crops make the system fertile, productive and sustainable. One of the beneficial microbiota which has symbiotic association with most of the plants in...
Inhibitory activity of Trichoderma viride against Phytophthora infestans that affects the Spunta potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) variety
August 2016
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a tuberous herbaceous plant that belongs to the Solanaceae family. Several biotic and abiotic factors affecting its production include fungi such as mildew. In this present work, we proposed to evaluate the antagonistic power of Trichoderma viride against parasite Phytophthora infestans of potato tubers. We conducted two tests; for the first, in confrontation in-vitro, the direct...
Isolation of heavy metal-resistant fungi from contaminated soil and co-culturing with rice seedlings
July 2016
Environmental pollution from toxic heavy metals is a growing problem throughout the world due to the expansion of industrialisation. The use of microbes and biotechnological processes can provide alternative or complementary methods for the removal or recovery of heavy metals through bioremediation. The present study isolated, identified and characterised heavy metal-resistant fungi from cadmium- and...
Role of bacteriological investigation of endotracheal aspirate in diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
July 2016
Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication of ventilatory support for patients with acute respiratory failure, currently related to high mortality rate. Therefore, this complication of mechanical ventilation requires a prompt diagnosis and adequate antibiotic treatment. The study aimed to investigate the role of endotracheal aspirate (ETA) surveillance cultures in identifying the aetiology of VAP...
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from raw camel and goat milk from somali region of Ethiopia
July 2016
The study was carried out with the aim to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from camel and goat raw milk and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. 204 raw milk samples were collected from randomly selected lactating camels (n=62) and lactating goats (n=142) in live-stock producing pastoralists’ areas of Somali region for isolation and identification of S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were...
Profile of bacterial and parasitic urinary infections in Saint Louis Senegal between 2000 and 2010
July 2016
Infections of the urinary tract are important part of infectious diseases that mainly involve bacteria. In parasite endemic areas, bacterial and parasitic co-infections may occur, however in Saint-Louis region which is a Schistosoma-endemic area, little is known about this association. Here this study aim to investigate the spectrum of bacterial and parasitic urinary infections as well as co-infections with both...
In vitro antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy)
July 2016
The excessive usage of conventional antibiotics leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains which threaten public health and stimulates searching for new sources of bio-therapeutic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions from larvae of Sarcophaga argyrostoma, a common species of the family Sarcophagidae in Egypt. The...
Comparative antimicrobial potentials of omidun obtained from yellow and white maize varieties on some diarrhoea causing microorganisms
July 2016
This study determines the comparative antimicrobial potentials of omidun “supernatant solution of fermented maize mash” from yellow and white maize varieties on some diarrhoea causing microorganisms. The pH of the two omidun varieties were determined, their antimicrobial activities was also determined using agar well diffusion. Disc diffusion assay was also done using commercially produced antibiotics....
Bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of traditionally dry-salted Pebbly fish (Alestes baremoze) sold in different markets of West Nile Region, Uganda
July 2016
The present study aimed at estimating the microbiological and chemical characteristics of traditionally dry-salted fish product, Alestes baremoze. A total of 40 random dry fish samples were collected from Arua, Nebbi, Packwach and Panyimur markets. Moisture content, pH, crude protein, crude fat and sodium chloride were analysed to determine chemical quality while Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci,...
In vitro antagonistic activity of native bacteria isolated from soils of the argentine Pampas against Fusarium tucumaniae and Fusarium virguliforme
July 2016
The aim of the present study was to evaluate indigenous PGPR (Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) previously isolated from Argentina's soybean fields for their in vitro antagonistic effects on the control of Fusarium tucumaniae and F. virguliforme, in two separated in vitro assays. In assay 1, the bacteria that showed the highest significant (P < 0.05) F. tucumaniae mycelial growth inhibition were strains...
Fungi extract in the inhibition of the egg hatching and larval development of the Haemonchus contortus
July 2016
In vitro efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum was assessed in the egg hatching inhibition (EHI) and larval development inhibition (LDI) of Haemonchus contortus. For the EHI assessment, after 48 h of incubation with different concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts, it was quantified blastomeres, embryonated eggs, and larvae of first stage. For the...
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