Serotyping and molecular typing of Salmonella species isolated from wastewater in Nsukka, Nigeria
June 2016
The objective of this investigation was to isolate and identify Salmonella serovars present in wastewater from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) wastewater treatment plant and to evaluate the sensitivity and precision of different microbial typing methods (conventional and molecular), in identifying and characterizing Salmonella species. A total of 100 suspected Salmonella colonies on selective media...
Nutritional characteristics of marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu) subjected to inoculation with associative diazotrophic bacteria
June 2016
Due to the search for viable and cost-effective ways to provide nitrogen for forage grasses, inoculation with diazotrophs presents high potential as an alternative to plant nutrition by reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutrition of marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu) subjected to inoculation with associative diazotrophic bacteria grown in Cerrado soil...
Screening and evaluation of herbicidal metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp.
June 2016
Laboratory bioassays were conducted to screen and evaluate the potential herbicidal metabolites produced by Trichoderma.longibrachiatum (Tr673), T. harzianum (Tr319), T. viride (Tr347) T. koningii (Tr324) and T. asperellum (Tr85) on inhibiting seed germination (SGe) and shoot/root growth (SGr/RGr) of seedlings of Porslane (Portulaca oleracea), Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and Amaranthus retroflexus L. The...
Antimicrobial activity of fixed oils found in Brazil nuts and sunflower seeds against microorganisms isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis
June 2016
Concern with traces of antibiotics found in milk and resistant bacteria has led to the search for alternatives, mainly natural products, to treat mastitis. This study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of fixed oils found in Brazil nuts and sunflower seeds against microorganisms isolated from mastitic milk and at analyzing their fatty acids. The following microorganisms were isolated from milk produced by...
Seroepidemiology, molecular and entomological studies of bluetongue in sheep in Gujarat
June 2016
Seroepidemiology, molecular and entomological studies of bluetongue in sheep was carried out in Gujarat, India. Out of 980 sera sample screened, 361 (36.84 %) were found positive by c-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Out of the 103 blood samples tested for the presence of bluetongue virus (BTV) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 3 were found positive, producing 274 bp amplicons with...
Antibacterial activity of silver-nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus
June 2016
In this study, the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) as Ag-nano disc was assessed with respect to Gram positive bacteria. Scanning electron microscope (ESM) was used for Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the diameter of inhibition zones in culture media and Ag-NPS. Eventually, gauzes containing strain were further impregnated between 2-layer nanofilms at 1, 3, 5 and 7 ppm sized 2 × 2 cm and...
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical and hospital environmental samples in Nasiriyah, Iraq
June 2016
A total of one hundred and forty two swab samples (92 clinical and 50 from hospital environment) were collected for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Out of the total samples, 29 isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated and recorded an overall prevalence rate of 20.42% (29/242) of which 18 (19.56%) were from wounds and burns swabs of patients, and 11 (22%) were from hospital environment. The highest rate of P....
Virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of multidrug resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical infections
June 2016
Many strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae can produce several virulence factors, such as siderophores, capsules, fimbrial adhesins and antibiotic resistance enzymes, which are important in the adherence, colonization, invasion and development of the infection. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate ten virulence gens in 32 K. pneumoniae isolated from different clinical infections: urine (13), burns (12), sputum...
Anti-HSV type-1 activity of olive leaves extract crude form acting as a microemulsion dosage form
June 2016
Olea europeae (L.) has been reported to have antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. The aim of the present study is to evaluate antiviral activity of olive leaves extract (OLE) against herpes simplex viruses (HSV) type-1 virus. Screening of antiviral activity was assessed by measuring inhibition of viral-induced cytopathic effect of in vero cells of different OLE fractions that have been successively...
Antibacterial activity Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from fermented vegetables and investigation of the plantaricin genes
June 2016
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are two food pathogens that cause severe food poisonings. Another problem found on a global level is the continuous increase of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum against pathogenic bacteria including E. coli and S. aureus and to study if L. plantarum with antibacterial...
Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia complex associated with contaminated liquid soap for hospital use: A case study
June 2016
Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is gram negative bacteria which causes different types of human infections including catheter-associated infections and respiratory tract infections especially in immunocompromised patients. This study was conducted to decide the source, to prevent the possible hospital outbreak of BCC and to determine the epidemiological source. Eleven cartridge of liquid soaps were purchased by...
Microbial safety criteria and quality of traditional Egyptian Karish cheese
June 2016
Some traditional fermented dairy products like Egyptian Karish cheese and traditional fermented milk (Laban Zeer) are manufactured in farmhouses following traditional techniques using raw milk without heat treatment or addition of selected starter cultures, these products are generally designed as “artisanal”. The representative Karish samples were analyzed for their content of total microbial,...
Special biochemical profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and camels by the VITEK 2 automated system in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
June 2016
The VITEK 2 automated system was used for comparing biochemical characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates from human urinary tract infections (UTIs) and camel faecal samples for the first time in the study area. Identification by the system to the species level was accurate. Recovery rate of E. coli from camel specimens was 26% and for human specimens was 33%. Based on biochemical activities, human and animal strains...
Systemic elicitation of defense related enzymes suppressing Fusarium wilt in mulberry (Morus spp.)
June 2016
Antagonist and organic amendments based bioconsortia (seri bed waste+Pf1+Bs4+Th1+neem cake) was found to lead the restriction of Fusarium solani pathogen in mulberry roots mainly by inducing inherent defense enzymes. Induction of defense enzymes such as peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, phenols, catalase and superoxide dismutase, was studied in mulberry plants pretreated with bioconsortia and...
Diversity of MRSA SCCmec elements in Pretoria region of South Africa: The problem of variation in the assigned SCCmec types by different multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and a call for an African consensus
June 2016
The SCCmec element is one of the recommended targets for MRSA characterization and several multiplex-PCR SCCmec typing methods have been developed over the past years. However, there are no data on the consistency of the SCCmec types in clinical isolates as detected by these methods. Using different previously published, commonly used M-PCR methods, this report describes the diversity of SCCmec elements in MRSA isolates...
Biofixation of CO2 on a pilot scale: Scaling of the process for industrial application
June 2016
The use of Spirulina in CO2 biofixation, aside from its contribution to reducing the greenhouse effect, enables the use of the biomass to obtain biocompounds. In this work, Spirulina platensis was used for CO2 biofixation under different conditions of inorganic carbon. S. platensis was inoculated into 200 L bioreactors containing modified Zarrouk’s medium (concentration of the carbon was from 1.0 to 2.0 g.L-1)....
Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Tobacco streak virus infecting soybean (Glycine max L.)
June 2016
Soybean (Glycine max L.), the most popular oil seed crop, grown in the experimental fields of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and adjoining areas exhibited symptoms of necrosis and stunting. The symptoms were similar to bud blight of soybean caused by the Tobacco streak virus (TSV) and the disease is most prevalent throughout the country. To study the nature of infection, sap inoculation of the soybean strain induced...
Phylogenetic analysis of Campylobacter jejuni from human and birds sources in Iraq
June 2016
The present study was designed for a phylogenetic tree analysis of Campylobacter species as molecular method for genetic identification of Campylobacter jejuni from human and birds sources and birds and amplified by polymerase chain reaction assay using specific primers for 16S rRNA gene of Campylobacter jejuni (GenBank: EF136575.1). In this study, the multiple sequence alignment analysis and neighbor joining...
Hydrophobicity and specific biofilm features of Bacillus cereus spores subjected to pH stresses
June 2016
Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen that often persists on food processing surfaces due the formation of spores and biofilms. Spores of 12 selected B. cereus strains from genotypes that recurred in a pasteurized milk processing line were investigated in this study, for their surface and biofilm characteristics. The main objective was to have an insight into their persistence strategies. Spore surface hydrophobicity...
Diclofenac inhibits virulence of Proteus mirabilis isolated from diabetic foot ulcer
June 2016
Diclofenac is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug, used to relief the secondary complications of diabetes. Wound infections are much more serious particularly in diabetic patients. Proteus mirabilis are Gram negative rods, show a wide range of pathogenesis based on arsenal of diverse virulence factors. Recently, P. mirabilis and other Gram negative rods were isolated from diabetic foot ulcers; moreover, these...
Bacteriological and molecular studies on Clostridium perfringens isolated from sheep in three Egyptian provinces
May 2016
The study was intended to determine types of Clostridium perfringens and their toxins in diseased sheep with suspected enterotoxaemia, apparently healthy in contact sheep and soil in three Egyptian provinces (one year study). A total of 800 sheep were visited regularly over a period of one year to record cases of enterotoxaemia and collection of samples for bacteriological examination and toxin genotyping using...
Association study of single nucleotide polymorphism of human Toll like receptor 9 and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in Egyptian population
May 2016
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to play important roles in human innate immune systems. Polymorphisms in and functions of TLRs have been investigated to identify associations with specific infectious diseases including tuberculosis (TB). This study was performed for 166 samples of unrelated individual's diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and 98 household healthy samples. Genomic DNA was extracted from...
Effect of cholesterol lowering multiplex lactic acid bacteria on lipid metabolism in a hamster model
May 2016
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a probiotic complex product including Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacteria on the lipid metabolism of hamsters fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Fifty male Syrian hamsters were assigned to five experimental groups: control, high-fat plus high-cholesterol diet (HFC), and HFC supplemented with low-, medium-, and high-dose of probiotic product. The hamsters...
Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and dexamethazone on the biofilm formation and expression of some adhesion-related genes of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus
May 2016
Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus can cause many diseases which are considered in many cases life threatening infections. Their biofilm formation on the surface of medical devices is difficult to be treated. Our study evaluates the effect of some anti-inflammatory drugs on the growth, biofilm formation and the expression of some adhesion-related genes. Antimicrobial activity of the tested drugs was determined...
Effect of tyrosol on Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation and virulence factors
May 2016
Staphylococcus aureus is considered the most common causative agent of community and hospital-acquired infections. The isolates with increased virulence and antimicrobial resistance, especially mecithillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), represent a challenge in hospitals and health care facilities worldwide. The effect of tyrosol, a phenolic quorum sensing compound of Candida albicans, was studied on the sensitivity of...
Antibacterial activity of extracts of three aromatic plants from Burkina Faso against rice pathogen, Xanthomanas oryzae
May 2016
Plant extracts can have powerful antibacterial activity and may be used as biological control against important plant pathogens. This study assessed effect of extracts of Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Mentha piperita against two pathovars of Xanthomonas oryzae attacking rice. Both in vitro and in vivo approaches were used for different strains of X. oryzae originating from Burkina Faso. The three...
Foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense in soybean and seed physiological quality
May 2016
Bacteria of the Azospirillum genus have considerable potential for application in agricultural systems, either in co-inoculation and foliar application to increase crop yields, due to its role in the production of phytohormones. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield and quality of soybean seeds produced under the effect of different doses of Azospirillum brasilense bacteria applied to the leaves....
Effects of growth-promoting endophytic Methylobacterium on development of Citrus rootstocks
May 2016
Endophytic Methylobacterium spp. were inoculated on citrus seed and evaluated for their ability to promote growth of Citrus limonia and Citrus sunki seedlings under commercial nursery conditions. The germination rate and seedlings growth differed according to the combination between Methylobacterium species and citrus rootstock, showing that the interaction depends on their compatibility. Methylobacterium had no effect...
Penicillium citrinum VFI-51 as biocontrol agent to control charcoal rot of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
May 2016
In our earlier investigation, a fungal isolate Penicillium citrinum VFI-51 and its secondary metabolite was reported to have antagonistic potential against Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of Botrytis gray mold disease in chickpea. In the present investigation, P. citrinum VFI-51 was further evaluated for its antagonistic potential against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative agent of charcoal rot in sorghum. P....
Molecular characterization and virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae
May 2016
Entomopathogenic fungi considerably vary in their action and virulence mode. The contamination mainly depends on the adhesion and penetration of the fungus in the host integument. Four isolates from Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were molecularly characterized by rDNA-ITS sequencing. Their virulence against last instar larvae of Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor at four conidia concentrations:...
Removal capacity of faecal pathogens from wastewater by four wetland vegetation: Typha latifolia, Cyperus papyrus, Cyperus alternifolius and Phragmites australis
May 2016
The ability of four wetland vegetation: Typha latifolia, Cyperus papyrus, Cyperus alternifolius and Phragmites mauritianus in removing pathogenic and indicator microorganisms in the wetlands were studied in bucket experiments. The findings suggested that vegetated systems can effectively reduce faecal pathogens in wastewater. Both Salmonella species and Escherichia coli removal efficiencies were above 98%. This proved...
Incidence of zoonotic Campylobacter jejuni in fast meal meat, grill chickens and symptomatic Egyptians
May 2016
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most important foodborne gastroenteric zoonosis. Most strains of C. jejuni produce a toxin (cytolethal distending toxin) that hinders the cells from dividing and produces diffuse bloody edematous exudative enteritis. The common routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person and the eating of raw or undercooked chickens or meat. This study recognizes the incidence of zoonotic...
Efficacy of plasmid curing agent on Streptomyces longsporesflavns
May 2016
Plasmid-specified traits like lactose metabolism and L-asparginase production could be eliminated from Streptomyces longsporesflavns culture during production of fermented product (Microbial succession). In this study we mainly focus on plasmid profiling and plasmid characterization from S. longsporesflavns isolated from marine soil. Then we observe the efficacy of plasmid curing agent on S. longsporesflavns....
Suppression of duck hepatitis A virus Type 1 replication by lentivirus-mediated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene-specific siRNA
May 2016
To explore the application of RNAi technology for the control of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1). The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene was amplified by PCR. pEGFP-RdRp was constructed for fusion expression of EGFP-RdRp protein. According to the sequence of RdRp, three gene-specific siRNAs were designed and the corresponding shRNA was inserted into pmiRZipΔ to construct pRdRp-shRNA. pRdRp-shRNA and...
Nodular bacterial endophyte diversity associated with native Acacia spp. in desert region of Algeria
May 2016
Five species of Acacia (Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne, A. nilotica (L.) Delile, A. seyal Delile, A. tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne and A. laeta Delile) indigenous to Tamanrasset (Algeria) were investigated for their nodulation status and nodular endophytic diversity. A. ehrenbergiana showed the highest nodulation ability across the different sites in this region, indicating the widespread occurrence of compatible rhizobia in the...
Antimicrobial activity of several Brazilian medicinal plants against phytopathogenic bacteria
May 2016
What is currently raised as a new approach in the management of plant diseases is the development and formulation of plant based biopesticides. The objective of present study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of twelve species belonging to seven families collected from the Northeast of Brazil against four economically important phytopathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activities of the aqueous...
Bacteriological quality and metal levels of boreholes and hand-dug well within the Golden Star Wassa mining areas in Ghana
May 2016
This study seeks to assess the bacteriological, physicochemical and some trace metals levels in water samples from seven boreholes and a hand-dug well within communities of Golden Star Wassa Mine Limited in Ghana. Five of the sampling sites were slightly acidic and were below the lower limit of the acceptable World Health Organization (WHO) and Ghana Standard Authority (GSA) permissible guidelines for pH. However,...
Studies on leukocidins toxins and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various clinical sources
May 2016
Staphylococcus aureus toxins represent a public health challenge all over the world. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of genes encoding the staphylococcal leukocidins and their correlation with antimicrobial susceptibility and the source of isolation. For this purpose, the susceptibility of 75 S. aureus isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents was investigated. The leukocidins genes (lukD, lukE, lukF and lukS) were...
Endophytic microorganisms from Bauhinia monandra leaves: Isolation, antimicrobial activities and interaction with galactose-specific lectin BmoLL
May 2016
Bauhinia monandra leaves are well known hypoglycemic agent in Brazilian popular medicine from which a galactose specific lectin (BmoLL) has been purified in milligram quantities. In this work, the antimicrobial activity of endophytes isolated from B. monandra leaves and the ability of BmoLL to agglutinate the microorganisms were evaluated. After disinfection, leaves of B. monandra were fragmented and distributed in...
Tannase production by Aspergillus spp. UCP1284 using cashew bagasse under solid state fermentation
April 2016
Production of tannase by Aspergillus species UCP1284 was studied using solid state fermentation and cashew bagasse as substrate. Amount of 35 strains of fungi species isolated from soil of Caatinga were used for qualitative selection of strains with potential for production of tannase. Through the selected fungi, a complex study was achieved about the influence of the variables: substrate amount, initial moisture...
Diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from "kpètè-kpètè" a ferment of traditional beer “tchoukoutou†produced in Benin
April 2016
The counts and identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the ferment “kpètè-kpètè” of the traditional beer (tchoukoutou) collected from nine large producing cities of Benin were carried out. Out of 209 strains isolated, 135 strains were purified, identified and were member of four different types based on their morphological traits, biochemical tests, API 50CH gallery...
Antimicrobial resistance of potential pathogenic strains isolated from eggs produced by informal farms and sold in Abidjan, Ivory Coast
April 2016
The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial quality of eggs produced by informal farms and sold in most Abidjan’s markets. Thus, a preliminary investigation was conducted to evaluate the frequency of eggs consumption by the population of the study area (Abidjan). After this investigation, an analysis of the eggs microbiological quality was performed both on the shell and the eatable (egg yolk) part. The...
Evaluation of microbiological quality of raw milk, sour milk and artisanal yoghurt from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
April 2016
The present study was undertaken to investigate the microbiological quality of milk and artisanal dairy products sold in Ouagadougou markets. Forty-five (45) samples of milk and dairy products including raw milk, sour milk and yoghurt were collected and analyzed for aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), total coliforms (TC), thermotolerant coliforms (TTC), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and...
A study of high level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci
April 2016
Enterococci are a common cause of nosocomial infection and prevalence of antibiotic resistance among them is increasing. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of high level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci at Alexandria Main University Hospital. A total of 133 enterococci strains isolated from clinical specimens were all subjected to Bauer Kirby disc diffusion to detect antibiotic susceptibility pattern. High...
Asymptomatic bacteriuria: Occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles among students of a tertiary institution in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
April 2016
Asymptomatic bacteriuria, a form of urinary tract infections that involves isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs referable to urinary infection is common, but the prevalence in population varies widely with age, sex and the presence of genitourinary abnormalities. This study therefore aimed at investigating...
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their potential for biocontrol of phytopathogens
April 2016
Growth promotion and disease control by rhizobacteria are complex interrelated processes that involve direct and indirect mechanisms. The mechanisms include synthesis of some metabolites (auxin, cytokinin and gibberellins), induction of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, production of siderophore, antibiotics, hydrogen cyanide hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and volatile compounds. They also include mineral...
An overview of food safety knowledge and practices in selected schools in the city of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
April 2016
Safe food handling in school canteens is an important practice to protect the students from food borne illnesses. The main purpose of this study was to present an overview of food safety knowledge and hygienic practices in selected schools in Al Ain city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The study consisted of three parts. The first part tackled students’ and teachers’ behavior during...
Biocontrol of Salmonella Typhimurium growth in tomato surface by bacteriophage P22
April 2016
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of bacteriophage P22 on Salmonella Typhimurium in artificially inoculated tomato surface, under simulating condition of storage (10°C) and marketing (20°C) during seven days. First, we demonstrated the in vitro ability of phage P22 to reduce host population density to undetectable levels two hours after inoculation; however, S. Typhimurium was able to regrow up...
In vitro activities of Trichoderma species against Phytophthora parasitica and Fusarium oxysporum
April 2016
Trichoderma species usually produce chitinases and glucanases with inhibitory effects on several phytopathogens. In this work, the effects of such enzymes activities were evaluated on Phytophthora parasitica and Fusarium oxysporum. Enriched enzyme extracts were obtained from Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma gamsii and Trichoderma logibrachiatum, which were grown on supplemented media with chitin...
Ruminal microorganism consideration and protein used in the metabolism of the ruminants: A review
April 2016
A great diversity of species of microorganisms are present in the rumen environmental with specific functions in the degradation of carbohydrates, protein and lipids. However, the knowledge of the interactions between the different species of microorganisms in the rumen ecosystem and their specific substrates were used to improve nutritional management and can increase production of meat or milk. A balanced nutritional...
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