Prevalence of Brucella antibodies in marketed cow milk in Benue State, Nigeria
July 2015
Brucellosis is an endemic disease in the animal population in Nigeria and of great public health importance, particularly among livestock owners and workers who are ignorant of the risk of Brucella infection. A total of 102 milk samples comprising 62 from cattle herds and 40 from milk vendors in Benue State, Nigeria were screened for Brucella antibodies by the milk ring test (MRT). The herds for the study were randomly...
Quality of honey sold in the state of Alagoas, Brasil
July 2015
The present study aimed to determine the quality of honey marketed in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. Fifteen samples of Apis mellifera L. honey sold in supermarkets, free trade, and cooperative located in the State of Alagoas were acquired. Microbiological and physical-chemical analyzes were carried out to establish a standard microbiology condition and check for possible tampering. The physico-chemical analyzes showed...
Response surface optimization of xylanase production by indigenous thermoalkalophillic Bacillus sp.
July 2015
Xylanases are an important class of hydrolytic enzymes with a wide range of industrially important applications especially in paper and pulp industry. The present study aimed to take the advantage of statistical approach of optimization to investigate the interactive effects of prominent process factors involved in xylanase production. A novel bacterial isolate Bacillus sp. MCC 2727 was isolated from soil possessing...
Resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics of Pseudomonas spp. and Listeria spp. biofilms on polystyrene and stainless steel
July 2015
The capacity of Pseudomonas spp. and Listeria spp. isolates in forming polystyrene and stainless steel biofilms was assessed and their resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics agents was verified. Isolates originated from chicken and buffalo meat cuts in abattoirs and retail outlets in the southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Isolates which formed stainless steel biofilm were tested with regard...
Control of Sclerotium rolfsii in peanut by using Cymbopogon martinii essential oil
July 2015
Essential oils of seven species were investigated in order to control peanut plants against white mold (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.). The assays were carried out by in vitro and in vivo assays. At first, fungitoxicity and suppression of oxalic acid diffusion (SOAD) bioassays were performed in order to evaluate the mycelial growth of fungus. Then, validation assays were carried out in greenhouse, involving inoculation of...
Prevalence of triple viral infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C among tuberculosis patients and associated risk factors: The case of West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
July 2015
Tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C infections are serious public health problems in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of triple viral infections and associated factors among tuberculosis patients who were on anti-tuberculosis treatment in the year 2011/12 in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. A cross sectional study design was conducted among 374 TB patients who were on...
Use of thermal imaging for the early detection of signs of disease in pigs challenged orally with Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli
July 2015
A total of 27 piglets were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (control, infection with Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium KCTC 2515 (ST) and infection with Escherichia coli KCTC 2571 (EC)) in a completely randomized design to early detection of signs of disease based on body temperature. Totally three inoculations were done consisting of 14 days each and then thermal images were captured to calculate body...
Inoculation of Bradyrhizobium with cellular additives and micronutrients in soybean seeds cultivated in Oxisol under no-tillage system
June 2015
In the bid to get increased yield of soybean, several studies on biological fixation of nitrogen have been done in order to enhance the results of this technology with cellular additives and micronutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of inoculant (Bradyrhizobium japonicum SEMIA and 5019) associated with cellular additives, cobalt and molybdenum (Fertiactyl® leg) in soybeans seeds in Oxisol...
Isolation and identification of tick borne bacterial pathogens in Turkey and Iraq
June 2015
The aim of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from hard ticks collected from animals and soil in Turkey and Iraq. For this, 195 adult hard ticks were identified according to the taxonomic keys. A total of 195 hard ticks were identified by as 149 Hyalomma spp. and 46 Rhipicephalus spp. The diagnosis of tick borne pathogens was made by microbiological techniques. One hundred sixty four (164) bacteria were...
Expression of peptide nanoparticles containing a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus epitope in plants
June 2015
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the pig industry. The licensed vaccines available present several shortcomings and consequently many groups around the world are actively working towards developing an efficacious vaccine. In this work, we have fused the epitope B of the GP5 protein from the PRRRS virus to peptide nanoparticles and expressed the construct in...
A simple nested polymerase chain reaction for differential identification of uspI and uspII genes encoding uropathogenic specific protein of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
June 2015
The gene encoding a protein which was designated as uropathogenic specific protein was identified on pathogenicity island of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The usp gene is mainly classified into two types (uspI and uspII) depending on the difference in DNA sequence at the 3’ region. A simple nested polymerase chain reaction assay was applied to differentiate uspI and uspII. The results indicate the...
Polyhydroxybutyrate production by Spirulina sp. LEB 18 grown under different nutrient concentrations
June 2015
In response to the environmental problems caused by plastics of petrochemical origin, a reduction in the use of these materials and their replacement by biodegradable polymers have been sought. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biopolymer of biological origin that belongs to the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), is similar to polypropylene in terms of its mechanical properties, thermodegradability and melting temperature....
Optimization of conditions for generation of antimicrobial peptides from milk proteins by Lactobacillus spp.
June 2015
The batch growth conditions for the generation of antimicrobial peptides from skim milk were optimized by using Lactobacillus spp. Proteolysis being important factor for peptide production, 4 Lactobacillus strains were screened for proteolytic activity, two strains each from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii. L. acidophilus NCDC 14 and L. delbrueckii NCDC 09 with higher activity were selected to...
Comparative biodegradation studies of cow dung modified epoxy with epoxy using an indigenously developed bacterial consortium
June 2015
Thermoplastic-based polymers and their blends are recalcitrant in nature. Based on their extensive use, huge amount of polymeric waste is being produced annually, which impart serious threat on the natural ecosystem. Considering this scenario, it is needed to take some immediate actions to keep the ecosystem dynamic and secure. Therefore, this study was carried out in order to evaluate an indigenously developed...
Oral microflora of supragingival and subgingival biofilms in Algerian healthy adults
June 2015
The purpose of this investigation was to define the cultivable oral microflora in supragingival and subgingival plaques of Algerian healthy adults. Supragingival and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 65 Algerian caries-free, periodontally healthy subjects. Samples were taken from approximal surfaces and analysed for bacterial content after being inoculated on non-selective and selective media and incubated...
Genetic studies on common rust (Puccinia sorghii) of maize under Kashmir conditions
June 2015
Common rust caused by fungus Puccinia sorghii is among one of the worldwide spread foliar corn diseases. The disease has persisted with varying degrees of susceptibility on higher altitudes in Kashmir valley. Disease reaction studies against common rust were carried out in two crosses involving indigenously identified cytosterile source viz.,15C (A) x I-318 (R) and I-401(A) x I-318(R) for all the six basic generations...
Identification of a chitinase from Apocheima cinerarius nucleopolyhedrovirus
June 2015
Baculoviruses are important biological control agents against insect pests. In this work, a chitinase from Apocheima cinerarius nucleopolyhedrovirus (ApciNPV) as a fusion protein was highly over-expressed in Escherichia coli M 15 strain and affinity purified on Ni Sepharose 6 Fast Flow column. The modeling structure of ApciNPV chitinase indicated the protein contains a polycystic kidney 1(PKD1) domain on N-terminal and...
Antimicrobial activity of volatile organic compounds and their effect on lipid peroxidation and electrolyte loss in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum mycelia
June 2015
Anthracnose is an important plant disease and is the main disease affecting guava (Psidium guajava) post-harvest, leading to economic losses and limiting fruit export. Because of the indiscriminate use of fungicides, along with environmental and food safety concerns, alternative methods of disease control are warranted. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that show...
Effect of rock phosphate enriched compost and chemical fertilizers on microbial biomass phosphorus and phosphorus fractions
June 2015
The aim of this research work was to prepare rock phosphate enriched compost using low-grade mineral such as rock phosphate (RP) mixed with rice straw and Aspergillus awamori and to study their effect on microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), phosphatase activity and phosphorus (P) fractions in a wheat-soybean cropping system. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four treatments namely, control,...
Additive antibacterial activity of naringenin and antibiotic combinations against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus
June 2015
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been causing numerous problems in the health care sector. This is mainly due to its ability to develop resistance to a number of antibiotics used to treat staphylococcal infections. Medicinal plants have been used to treat various ailments over the years and are generating a lot of interest as alternative treatment options. Naringenin is a plant derived flavonoid that...
Does SEN virus (SENV) infection affect the progression of chronic hepatitis C or B among Egyptian patients?
June 2015
The effect of SENV infection on chronic viral hepatitis is not very clear till now. Information regarding SENV infections in the Egyptian population where hepatitis viruses are prevalent is limited to a certain extent. We aimed to determine the frequency of SENV and its genotypes H and D in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or C (CHC) and to study its possible role in the progression of liver...
Bioactivity of Zingiber officinale and Piper nigrum plant extracts in controlling post-harvest white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) tuber rot fungi
June 2015
Rotten white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) tuber samples were collected from farms in three communities. Nine fungal organisms were isolated by direct tissue plating on potato dextrose agar medium. These were: Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Trichoderma viride, Rhizopus spp., Pestalotia guepini and Alternaria solani. Each of these isolates caused rot...
Prevalence of some food poisoning bacteria in local and imported retail pork by-products in Egyptian markets
June 2015
A very limited research work concerning foods of porcine origin in Egypt were obtained in spite of presence of a considerable swine population and consumers. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of food poisoning bacteria isolated from local and imported retail pork by-products in Egyptian markets. A total of 80 pork samples, including 60 local pork by-products and 20 imported ones were used....
Microbiological and mycotoxicological evaluation of rice products used in human food in northeastern Brazil
June 2015
Rice consumption is part of Brazilian food culture, the per capita consumption, considering different forms is approximately of 14.9 kg of rice. The storage of rice grains in inappropriate conditions favor fungal growth and mycotoxin production. A survey was carried out to determine presence of coliforms, Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, fungal and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone) in 40...
Effect of temperature of storage on the composition and microbiological quality of raw milk
June 2015
The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of refrigerated raw milk from dairy farms located in Southwestern state of Goiás during the rainy and dry seasons. Fresh milk samples were collected from bulk tank and stored for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h for the evaluation of psychrotrophic microorganisms counts, titratable acidity, chemical composition, somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC). In the...
Occurrence of Campylobacter species in beef cattle and local chickens and their antibiotic profiling in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
June 2015
Food animals like cattle and poultry are often regarded as reservoirs for Campylobacter infections in human. This study investigated the occurrence of Campylobacter coli in cattle and local chickens and their antibiotic susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 250 samples comprising 100 rectal swabs, 100 gall bladder contents from cattle and 50 cloacal swabs from local...
Chiropteran and Filoviruses in Africa: Unveiling an ancient history
June 2015
Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus belong to the Filovirus family and are responsible for hemorrhagic fevers in Africa. The first documented Filovirus outbreak in Africa occurred in Central Africa and was attributed to Ebolavirus species. In the last four decades, Filoviral hemorrhagic fevers (FHFs) outbreaks caused by Ebola and Marburg viruses have been on the increase in Africa. The 2013-2015 outbreak has been the largest...
Soil microbial, chemical properties and crop productivity as affected by organic manure application in popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta)
May 2015
Soil microbial population, dehydrogenase activity and chemical properties of soil under different doses of farmyard manure (FYM), leaf compost and vericopmpost were examined at the research farm of the Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India during 2008-09 and 2009-10. Results indicated the higher value of microbial population, dehydrogenase activity, organic carbon, available nitrogen (N),...
Logistic regression applied to the incidence of Aspergillus producer of mycotoxin in cocoa beans cultivated in the state of Rondônia, Brazil
May 2015
The presence of fungi of the genus Aspergillus must be investigated because it is related to the diminishment of quality and consequently to the risk to health of consumers due to the possible production of mycotoxins. In this context, this study was performed with the aim to evaluate the presence of Aspergillus species in cocoa beans produced in the state of Rondônia, Brazil, as well as verify the toxigenic...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities associated with cowpea in two ecological site conditions in Senegal
May 2015
The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities colonizing the roots of Vigna unguiculata (L.) plants cultivated in two different sites in Senegal. Roots of cowpea plants and soil samples were collected from two fields (Ngothie and Diokoul) in the rural community of Dya (Senegal). Microscopic observations of the stained roots indicated a high colonization...
Natural circulation of human enterovirus in Maputo city, Mozambique
May 2015
The human enteroviruses (HEV) are responsible for a large diversity of infections affecting humans. Most infections are asymptomatic, but these viruses can cause a wide spectrum of diseases, including severe cases involving the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify human enteroviruses in natural circulation in children less than 15 years of age admitted at the Mavalane General...
The cultivation of microalgae Cyanobium sp. and Chlorella sp. in different culture media and stirring setting
May 2015
Microalgae can serve as a source of biocompound with high nutritional and commercial potential, such as fatty acids, vitamins and pigments. The microalgae composition is influenced by the physical and chemical conditions of the culture medium and environment in which they are grown, and the composition can be manipulated to produce specific biomolecules. The lack of stirring or the employment of stirring inefficient in...
The effect of nano-TiO2 and plant extracts on microbial strains isolated from Theban ancient Egyptian royal tomb painting
May 2015
Mural paintings in ancient Egyptian tombs in West Thebes have been suffering from several deterioration factors and symptoms such as variations of temperatures and relative humidity, salts efflorescence and crypto-florescence, crackling and bio-deterioration effects, which assimilate in insects, algae, actinomycetes, etc. Other causing factors are bacteria and fungi, which accelerate mechanical weathering, chemical...
Presence of pathogenic E. coli in ready-to-be-eaten salad food from vendors in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana
May 2015
This study was carried out to assess the distribution of E. coli O157:H7 in salad foods from restaurants and street food vendors within the Kumasi Metropolis from January to April, 2013. A detailed and well-structured questionnaire was first administered to 500 vendors with emphasis on knowledge of personal hygiene and salad food preparation. A total of 270 salad foods were aseptically sampled from vendors and...
Hepatitis C virus pathogenesis: Serum IL-33 level indicates liver damage
May 2015
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease in the world. Majority of infected individuals are unable to clear the virus and as consequence of infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma can be developed in later stages. Immune system cells secrete cytokines which play a crucial role in intercellular communication system responsible for immune response. Interleukine-33 (IL-33) is a...
Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial efficacy of Amaranthus tricolor (L) methanolic leaf extract against clinical isolates of urinary tract pathogens
May 2015
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common form of bacterial infections, affecting people throughout their lifespan. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Amaranthus tricolor leaf extract and its phytoconstituents against clinical isolates of urinary tract infections. In the present study, the leaf extract of A. tricolor was prepared by cold maceration using methanol. The...
Effects of initial inoculums levels of Meloidogyne incognita J2 on development and growth of Tomato cv. PT-3 under control conditions
May 2015
Lycopersicon esculentum is a widely grown vegetable crops throughout the world and it is highly affected by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.); globally more than 27% yield losses in tomato is due to their infections. As the inoculums level increases, the absorption, translocation and photosynthesis rate decreases in the host plants; it means damage caused by nematodes is directly proportional to the number of...
Comparative plant growth promoting potential of psychrotolerant diazotrophs, Pseudomonas sp. JJS2 and Enterobacter sp. AAB8 against native Cajanus cajan (L.) and Eleusine coracana (L.)
May 2015
Two Himalayan diazotrophs, Pseudomonas sp. JJS2 and Enterobacter sp. AAB8 were examined for their plant growth promoting properties against the native crops, Cajanus cajan and Eleusine coracana. Pseudomonas sp. JJS2 was found to be more effective for C. cajan, whereas Enterobacter sp. AAB8 showed better plant growth promotion in E. coracana. The inoculation of JJS2 significantly (p<0.05) increased the fresh weight...
Retrospective studies on the prevalence of uropathogens in Sokoto metropolis
May 2015
This retrospective study was conducted at Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Sokoto State to outline the causative agents associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and to compare the prevalence of UTI among sexes and age groups. The cases seen between November, 2013 and October, 2014 were included in the study. Total number of patients in the study was 1,120 (589 male and 631 female). Total number of patients with...
Physicochemical, microbiological and heavy metal studies on water samples and bacteria obtained from Dandaru River in Ibadan, South-western Nigeri
May 2015
The physicochemical, microbiological and heavy metal studies of water samples and bacteria obtained from the Dandaru River were investigated. Water samples were collected from six different sampling points along the course of the river and analysed using standard procedures. The physicochemical parameters showed that the water samples at point 5 had the highest value for all the parameters except Total Dissolved Solids....
Host and tissue preferences of Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for endophytic colonization
May 2015
Enterobacter and Bacillus are common endophytes in many plants. Endophytic Enterobacter cloacae 344 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 629 from cacao had their colonization patterns assessed in different plants and organs. The 344’s colonization in all plants was ~12x higher than those observed for 629. CFU countings were 16 and 3 times lower for 344 and 629, respectively, in non-sterile than in sterile conditions....
Integrated disease management strategy of common rust of maize incited by Puccinia sorghi Schw.
May 2015
Common rust incited by Puccinia sorghi Schw. is the most destructive fungal foliar disease of maize worldwide. It is reported that common rust diseases can greatly reduce grain yield of maize in susceptible genotypes by 40% on an average. Foliar disease management in maize often involves indiscriminate use of chemicals or total reliance on host plant resistance (HPR). Integrated disease management (IDM) have clearly...
Dermatophytes: Diagnosis of dermatophytosis and its treatment
May 2015
The enzymatic ability of fungi to decompose keratin has long been interpreted as a key innovation in the evolution of animal dermatology. Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi which were originally saprophytic, but have adapted themselves to animal and human parasitism during the course of evolution. Dermatophytes are pathogens, which cause superficial mycosis. The dermatophytes have the capacity to invade keratinized...
Alternative technique for culturing sputum for mycobacteria isolation: Feasibility, performance and effect on laboratory quality assessment - A technical note
May 2015
Mycobacteria culture remains the cornerstone of tuberculosis diagnosis. Naturally contaminated samples need pre-inoculation processing but some economically challenged medical facilities may benefit from a simpler and cheaper sputum decontamination procedure. The aim of this study was to test a simple decontamination method lacking a centrifugation step to be used in conjunction with the culture on...
Effect of different temperature levels and time intervals on germination of uredospores of Puccinia sorghi
May 2015
In plant disease development, temperature is a critical factor. To determine how specific environmental variables affect corn rust, we determined temperature effects on urediniospore germination. Spore germination was maximum within 24 h of incubation, in the temperature range of 20-30°C. The mean maximum spore germination was recorded at 25°C (66.16% germination) which is statistically on par at 30°C...
Occurrence and antibiogram profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from some hospital environment in Zaria, Nigeria
May 2015
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and is the most frequent cause of hospital acquired infection. A total sample of 310 was collected for this work; the pathogen was isolated from hands of some healthcare workers/nurses, operation tables, door knobs/door handles, nurses’ table tops, bedrails, stretchers, floors, toilets seats, cupboards, and sinks. The total percentage prevalence of the pathogen in...
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides lipase: Characterization and use in hydrolysis and esterifications
May 2015
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was evaluated for its capacity to produce extracellular lipase. A crude enzyme preparation obtained after 48 h of fermentation reached 742 U/L of lipolytic activity. Estimated molecular weight of proteins responsible for this activity was about 18 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis. Enzyme preparation showed optimum pH at 10 and stability at optimum temperature (37°C)...
Identification, antibiotic resistance and distribution of different classes of integrons among proteus species isolated from different sources in Dakahleia and Damietta Egyptian Governorates
May 2015
The aim of the present investigation is to trace the epidemiological relatedness between different isolates of proteus sp. obtained from Dakahleia governorate as compared with similar sources from the adjacent Damietta governorate in Egypt. A total of 500 bacterial isolates were collected from human and animal sources including urine samples, sputum, wound, throat and ear swabs, endotracheal aspirate, breast swab, bile...
Seroprevalence and risk factors of small ruminant brucellosis in selected districts of Arsi and East Shoa zones, Oromia region, Ethiopia
May 2015
A cross-sectional study was conducted in two districts in Arsi zone and one district in East Shoa zone, Ethiopia, to determine seroprevalence and assess the possible risk factors associated with small ruminant brucellosis. A total of 840 blood samples (409 sheep and 431goats) were collected. All sera samples were screened by modified Rose Bengal Test (mRBT) and all positive reactors were further tested by indirect...
Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf1) mediated chitinolytic activity in tomato plants against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
May 2015
Liquid formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf1 was found to protect tomato plants from wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). The lytic enzyme and chitinase activity were assayed in the tomato plants treated with liquid as well as talc based formulations of Pf1 and challenged with the FOL. The chitinase activity was significantly increased in tomato plants treated with sequential...
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