Helicobacter pylori vacA genotyping in relation to cagA status, ultra-structure of gastric mucosa and clinical outcomes in Egyptian patients
April 2016
Helicobactor pylori (H. pylori) has been strongly associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer and is linked to an increased risk of gastric cancer. The cytotoxin-associated gene product (cagA) and the vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA) have been implicated as two major virulence factors of H. pylori. Since there is an increasing evidence that genetic variability of H. pylori may have clinical importance, we aimed to evaluate...
Virulence profiles of clinical and environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Central Morocco
April 2016
The pathogenic potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa comes from the expression of many secreted and cell surface virulence factors, and its biofilm formation. This study aimed to investigate and compare the virulence profiles of 123 clinical and environmental P. aeruginosa isolated in Meknes (Morocco). Using suitable culture media, phenotypic screening evaluated the production of β-haemolysin, caseinase, lipase,...
Determination of mecA expression and other resistance mechanisms in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)
April 2016
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infection worldwide. Production of β-lactamases and penicillin-binding protein 2a are the two main mechanisms of resistance in S. aureus. The aim of this work was to study the mechanisms of resistance produced by the S. aureus strain isolated from Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) during an outbreak. β-Lactamases production was detected by...
Optimization of cellulase production for Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. soil isolates
April 2016
This investigation deals with optimizing the cellulase producing bacterial isolates for better enzyme yield. Cellulose degrading bacteria were isolated from garden soil (Aurangabad, MS, India). Amongst 40 different bacterial isolates, two of the bacterial isolates, 2b and 38b, were processed for preliminary identification with morphological, cultural and biochemical characterization. Based on these studies, strain 2b...
Antibiotic resistance of Enterococci isolated from raw camel milk in the South West of Algeria
April 2016
Little information is available on the diversity and distribution of resistance and virulence factors in Enterococci isolated from camel milk. In this study, 33 samples of camel’s milk collected from the south west region of Algeria were analyzed for the presence of Enterococcus spp. Twenty three (23) enterococcal isolates were recovered. These strains were identified by the API 20 STREP and the sodium dodecyl...
Toxin gene profile and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical and food samples in Egypt
April 2016
The antimicrobial sensitivity, toxin profiles, and agr genotyping of 70 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were determined. The evaluation of 10 antimicrobials showed that 88.5, 52.8, 40, and 25.7% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, cefoxitin, and oxacillin, respectively. All isolates were sensitive to gentamicin. The prevalence of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg,...
Morphoagronomic and productive traits of RR® soybean due to inoculation via Azospirillum brasilense groove
April 2016
In the last decades, the Brazilian soy productive chain has passed through a transformation process in which the yield, efficiency, profitability, economic and environmental sustainability are very important issues. In this context, the introduction of microorganisms has provided an increase in grains yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense associated with...
Microbiota of freshwater catfish species, Filhote (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) and Dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) from the Amazon Region (Belém-Pará-Brazil)
April 2016
This paper identified the bacterial flora composition and its influence on the microbiological spoilage process in economically important fish species: Filhote (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) and Dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) in the Amazon region. Microbiological characterization was performed: counts of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria and coliforms at 35 and 45°C, respectively....
Bioaccumulation of cadmium and lead by Shewanella oneidensis isolated from soil in Basra governorate, Iraq
March 2016
In the present study heavy metals resistant bacteria were isolated from soil collected from Al-Zubair district in Basra governorate south of Iraq. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogeny analysis, the isolates were authentically identified as Shewanella oneidensis in addition to Bacillus thuringiensis and Deinococcus radiodurans. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of...
Prevalence of exfoliative toxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 encoding genes among coagulase positive Staphylococcus isolated from human and animal sources
March 2016
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of coagulase positive staphylococcus (CPS) in Jordan and to investigate the presence of genes encoding exfoliative toxins (eta, etb), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst). Seven hundred and fifty three samples were used including 273 obtained from human sources and 480 from animals (sheep, cows, and goats). One hundred and sixty seven isolates were identified as...
Growing varieties durum wheat (Triticum durum) in response to the effect of osmolytes and inoculation by Azotobacter chroococcum under salt stress
March 2016
This study was conducted to determine the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Azotobacter chroococcum AZ6 isolated from arid soil and osmolytes such as glycine betaine (GB) or proline (P) on the growth of durum wheat varieties under salinity stress. Inoculation by A. chroococcum AZ6 in the presence or absence of P (5 mM) or GB (5 mM) reduced substantially the effect of salt stress on plant growth parameters...
In vitro evaluation of probiotic potential of five lactic acid bacteria and their antimicrobial activity against some enteric and food-borne pathogens
March 2016
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present many important properties in food manufacturing, such as improvement of physical characteristics and the production of lactic acid that aids in the increase of the shelf life of food products. Also, LAB can suppress growth of pathogens, control of serum cholesterol level, modulate immune system, and improve lactose digestion. Five standard (Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus...
Surface waters in northern Tanzania harbor fecal coliform and antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. capable of horizontal gene transfer
March 2016
Some Salmonella spp. are important pathogenic bacteria that can be transmitted to people via food and water and that can cause disease characterized by mild to severe enteric and systemic illness. In developing countries, infections caused by pathogenic antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. are a major health challenge, particularly in children. Through the use of membrane filtration and Environmental Protection Agency...
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns in CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacteraceae isolated from healthy Afghan refugees in Iran
March 2016
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), including the most wide spread CTX-M-15 enzyme, are major antibiotic resistant mechanisms of Enterobacteriaceae. Emergence of this plasmid-mediated enzyme poses a global threat particularly in Asian countries struggling with war. In this study, we investigated CTX-M-15 in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from healthy Afghan refugees in Iran and analyzed the association...
Potential of bamboo vinegar with liquid probiotics on growth performance, fecal microbiology and fecal odorous gas emissions from finishing pigs
March 2016
In this study, the effects of dietary supplementation with bamboo vinegar liquid probiotics (BVLP) on finishing pigs were investigated. A total of 105 crossbreed (Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs were allotted to five treatments of three replicate pens (7 pigs/pen) following a completely randomized design. Results elucidated that, there were no significant differences observed in weight gain, feed intake and...
Antimicrobial activity of seaweeds of Pernambuco, northeastern coast of Brazil
March 2016
The antibacterial efficacy of various solvent extracts of marine algae Caulerpa racemosa, Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta), Jania adhaerens (Rhodophyta), Padina gymnospora and Sargassum polyceratium (Phaeophyta) against some selected gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria was screened. Crude extracts were prepared from the selected marine algae using different solvents namely, hexane, chloroform, ethyl...
Comparative evaluation of antibacterial activity of induced and non-induced Cajanus cajan seed extract against selected gastrointestinal tract bacteria
March 2016
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) infections are major causes of mortality and morbidity world-wide, especially in developing countries. Cajanus cajan extracts possess therapeutic properties. In this study, the induced and non-induced antibacterial properties of C. cajan seeds were evaluated against bacterial strains implicated in GIT infections by Disc diffusion method and Micro-well dilution assay. C. cajan produced...
In vitro antitumoral activity of soluble protein extracts of Bacillus thuringiensis
March 2016
There are many studies about the antitumour effects of Bacillus toxins from different strains or subspecies in different parts of the world. Proteins that selectively kill tumor cells in vitro have potential as anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of soluble proteins extracts (SPE) from Mexican strains of B. thuringiensis on murine lymphoma L5178YR cell line. In vitro, L5178YR...
Diversity of fungi in sediments and water sampled from the hot springs of Lake Magadi and Little Magadi in Kenya
March 2016
Lake Magadi and Little Magadi are saline, alkaline lakes lying in the southern part of Kenyan Rift Valley. Their solutes are supplied by a series of alkaline hot springs with temperatures as high as 86°C. Previous culture-dependent and independent studies have revealed diverse prokaryotic groups adapted to these conditions. However, very few studies have examined the diversity of fungi in these soda lakes. In this...
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of β-lactams resistance in Klebsiella species from Egyptian hospitals revealed carbapenem resistance by OXA and NDM genes
March 2016
The β-lactams are frequently used antibiotics and are essential in treatment of serious bacterial infections. The emergence of β-lactamases has been an ongoing serious therapeutic problem. To overcome this problem, scientists utilized several β-lactamases inhibitors such as clavulanic acid and tazobactam that are used in combination with antibiotics. However, pathogenic bacteria have acquired additional...
Insights of maize lethal necrotic disease: A major constraint to maize production in East Africa
March 2016
Maize Lethal Necrotic Disease (MLND) is a new disease in East Africa, first reported in Kenya in 2011 and then spread to Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. The disease is caused by Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV) in combination with viruses of genus Potyvirus, mostly Sugarcane Chlorotic Mottle Virus (SCMV). The co-infection is the one that results in intensive to complete yield loss. Diagnosis of MLND based on symptoms is...
Status of inducible clindamycin resistance among macrolide resistant Staphylococcus aureus
March 2016
Clindamycin has long been an option for treating both methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. So, it is utmost important to perform the susceptibility test for erythromycin and clindamycin. And, there is concern on use of this antibiotic in the presence of erythromycin resistance because of the possibility of induction of cross-resistance among members of...
Study on rapid detection of seven common foodborne pathogens by gene chip
March 2016
To develop a rapid, effective, specific, and sensitive method to detect foodborne pathogens, 13 sets of primers were designed to amplify the conservative and specific genes of rfbE, fliC, invA, hilA, ipaH, femA, nuc, hlyA, prfA, tuf, speB, tlh and tdh, respectively. Establishment of foodborne pathogens detection chips was conducted by spotting the target genes on the chips by Nano-PlotterTM NP 1.2 printing system. The...
Characteristics of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus strains isolated from acute cellulitis of dental origin in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
March 2016
Patients afflicted by acute cellulitis of dental origin are usually in need of urgent treatment. The most frequently isolated bacterial strains associated with this condition are Streptococcal and Staphylococcal species, which are also most commonly implicated with cellulitis in general. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus isolated from patients...
Effect of an autochthonous starter culture, including lactococci and Geotrichum candidum strains, on the ripening of a semi-hard goat’s milk cheese
March 2016
Four batches of Armada semi-hard goat cheese were elaborated from pasteurized milk inoculated with a natural starter culture, constituted of two lactococci strains, combined with a Geotrichum candidum strain. The four G. candidum strains tested as co-starter were selected for their proteolytic and lipolytic activities. The effects of an autochthonous starter on physico-chemical, microbiological and sensorial...
Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae using the ESBL NDP test and flow cytometric assay in comparison to the standard disc diffusion
February 2016
This study was undertaken to evaluate the comparison among three different assays: extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) Nordmann/ Dortet/ Poirel (NDP) test, flow cytometric assay and disc diffusion method for the detection of ESBL production. Sixty clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from patients’ clinical samples admitted to Suez-Canal University Hospital, Ismailia Governorate. The...
Physicochemical and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the oils and soap of the seed and peel of Citrus sinensis
February 2016
Citrus sinensis seed and peel oils were extracted by solvent extraction using n-hexane, after air drying and grinding. Soaps were formed by saponification methods. Fatty acid composition of the oil samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatograph-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Physicochemical properties of the oils and soaps were determined following standard methods. Antimicrobial activities were assessed by the agar...
The growth potential and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella species and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mobile phones of food handlers and health care workers in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia
February 2016
Mobile phones are increasingly being used by all people in day to day life. However, they are found suitable breeding grounds for various pathogenic microorganisms. This study was aimed to determine the growth potential and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella species and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mobile phones of food handlers and health care workers in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia....
Anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and cytotoxicity of aqueous and organic extracts of Ricinus communis
February 2016
The present study aimed to examine anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and cytotoxicity in leaf extract of Ricinus communis extract (in different solvent). The leaf powder of R. communis was extracted using different solvents. The anti-bacterial activity of the extracts was determined by agar well and disc diffusion method. The extracts were also subjected to phytochemical analysis. The anti-oxidant activity of the extracts...
Sociodemographic, microbial and phylogentic studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases diagnosed in El-Minia governorate, Egypt
February 2016
Egypt is considered one of the high-burden countries in WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean region. This study determined the sociodemographic, microbial and phylogentic characteristics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases diagnosed in El-Minia governorate in upper Egypt. Fifty clinical samples were collected (male-to-female sex ratio 1.5 and 50% within the 21- to 40-years old) with complete history of patients; samples...
Seropositivity and risk factors for Brucella in dairy cows in Asella and Bishoftu towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
February 2016
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Asella and Bishoftu towns of Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia to determine seropositivity and associated risk factors exposing dairy cattle to brucellosis from December, 2013 to March, 2014. A total of 570 dairy cattle from 35 herds were purposely selected for inclusion in the study based on abortion history. From 35 farms studied, 80, 55.56 and 100% of the farm owners in small,...
Correlation between biliary bacteriology and types of gallstones in uncomplicated symptomatic cholelithiasis
February 2016
The aim of this study was to identify the microflora in the gallbladder of patients undergoing cholecystectomy for different types of gallstones and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Between January 2005 and December 2008, 136 samples of bile [cholesterol stones (CS)] and 175 pigment stones (PS) were collected from 213 women and 98 men, who were between 18-95 years (median age: 52.5±12.0) by...
Anti-candida and anti-enzyme activity and cytotoxicity of 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one
February 2016
This study determined the fungicidal concentration (MFC), anti-enzymatic (production of proteinases and phospholipase), and cytotoxic activities of 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one against different strains of Candida sp. The results were: MIC> 62.5 µg\ml and MFC>250 µg\ml for C. albicans; MIC/MFC = 31.25 µg\ml for C. parapsilosis; MIC/MFC= 62.5 µg/ml for C. famata; MIC/CFM =125 µg\ml for C....
Microorganisms associated with African star apple (Chrysophylum albidum) and their hydrolases
February 2016
Microorganisms associated with African star apple (Chrysophylum albidum Linn), their quality characteristics and hydrolases were investigated. The bacteria species were Bacillus cereus, B. polymyxa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, while the fungi species were Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. repens, Fusarium sp., Mucor mucedo, Trichoderma viride and...
Antibiogram of bacterial isolates and fungi associated with some creams and lotions sold in Zaria, Nigeria
February 2016
Skin moisturizing creams and lotions are external preparations that contain special additives that could serve as nutrients for microorganisms; it is possible that such products may get contaminated and serves as vehicles for pathogen transfer. Eight cosmetic products, consisting of 4 body creams and 4 lotions were randomly purchased from the local markets within Zaria and analyzed for their microbiological quality....
Research progress in submerged mycelial culture of Grifola frondosa, a culinary-medicinal mushroom
February 2016
Grifola frondosa or maitake, a kind of edible and medical fungus, has become a hotspot. This paper advances how to increase the mycelial growth and bioactive polysaccharide production of G. frondosa by submerged fermentation at home and abroad. It focus on two ways: one is improvement and optimization of G. frondosa self-strain, culture medium and culturing methods, and the other is the effects of adding some...
Rheological characteristics of Ganoderma applanatum exoploysaccharides
February 2016
Glucose yeast extract peptone media (GYP) proved to be the most suitable medium for organism growth and exopolysaccharides (EPS) production which recorded 0.320 + 0.01 and 0.1+0.01 (mg/ml) dry weight undershaken and static conditions respectively. Rheological study of Ganoderma applanatum exopolysaccharides indicated that viscosity of each EPS concentrations increased with increased shear rate (S.R) values which confirm...
Diversity of putatively toxigenic Aspergillus species in maize and soil samples in an aflatoxicosis hotspot in Eastern Kenya
February 2016
Aflatoxin contamination impinges on grain quality worldwide. The causative agent, Aspergillus spp. colonizes grain in the field down to postharvest stages in storage where they may produce toxins. Kenya has experienced recurring cases of aflatoxicosis in Eastern region especially during periods of maize grain deficit. The risk of chronic exposure has not been widely studied. Therefore, seasonal variation in abundance...
Evaluation of antifungal activity of novel marine actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. AA13 isolated from sediments of Lake Oubeira (Algeria) against Candida albicans
February 2016
A new actinomycete strain, designated AA13 was isolated from a marine sediment sample obtained from Lake Oubeira, in the North-East of Algeria and selected for its antifungal activities against Candida albicans. Morphological, physiological and biochemical properties and 16S rRNA gene sequencing strongly suggested that this strain was a new species, which belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Study of the influence of...
Distribution of Malassezia species in Mexican seborrheic dermatitis patients
February 2016
Yeasts of the Malassezia genus are linked to seborrheic dermatitis (SD) in humans; however, etiological species causing this disease can vary according to their geographical location. M. globosa and M. restricta are the most often isolated microorganisms and can be found in the skin of patients with SD. Nevertheless, species identification by molecular methods and the relationship among etiological agents and the...
Comparative phytochemical and microbiological studies for oil extracts of Australian and Chinese garlic
February 2016
In this study the effect of distillation and solvent extraction methods were studied on many factors; oil percentage, physical and chemical properties, and percentage of decay of both Australian (white and red) and Chinese garlic. On the other hand, the antimicrobial effect of Australian and Chinese garlic plants was determined at various concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC®25923, Pseudomonas...
Characterization of heavy metal (cadmium and nickle) tolerant Gram negative enteric bacteria from polluted Yamuna River, Delhi
February 2016
The presence of heavy metals in aquatic environments poses a serious environmental risk. The usage of heavy metal-tolerant bacteria may serve as a cost-effective tool for bioremediation of polluted water bodies. Thus, the present study aims at the isolation and characterization of heavy metal tolerant gram-negative bacteria collected from the polluted water of the river Yamuna, Delhi, India. The water samples were...
Foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates: Candidate strains for trivalent vaccine development in Nigeria
January 2016
A quality foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine is a prerequisite for effective control in addition to other zoosanitary measures and effective biosecurity practices in disease endemic sub-Saharan countries like Nigeria. To ensure an effective control programme by vaccination, countries that practice mass vaccination campaigns need to conduct vaccine matching studies to establish a relationship between prevalent field...
Sensitivity and lower protease activity of Candida albicans species isolated from Egyptian cancer patients after exposure to cytotoxic and/or radiotherapy treatment
January 2016
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common disease among cancer patients receiving chemo or radiotherapy which precede systemic candidemia, a life threatening infection. This study investigated the diversity and prevalence of different Candida species among Egyptian cancer patients, evaluated the sensitivity of Candida albicans to the frequently administered antifungal therapies and the effect of different radio and...
Antifungal activity of nanofungicide Trifloxystrobin 25% + Tebuconazole 50% against Macrophomina phaseolina
January 2016
This study was aimed to develop the nanoform of a commercial fungicide Trifloxystrobin 25% + Tebuconazole 50% (75 WG) with broad spectrum of action for improving its antifungal activity against Macrophomina phaseolina. The fungicide commercially available as Trifloxystrobin 25% + Tebuconazole 50% (75 WG) was converted into its nanoform using ball milling method and assessed for its efficacy against the soil borne fungal...
Presence of Helicobacter DNA in hepatic tissues in dogs with nonspecific hepatic lesions
January 2016
Infection of the gastric mucosa by Helicobacter spp. is an important cause of gastric diseases and neoplasms in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of Helicobacter spp. in the livers of dogs with nonspecific histological changes. The association between Helicobacter spp. infection, hepatocyte proliferation and E-cadherin expression was also evaluated. Liver samples from 39 dogs...
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Citrus sinensis var. late Valencia fruits at various stages of development
January 2016
Fruit juice extracts of Citrus sinensis var. late Valencia at different stages of development (3, 6, 10 and 12 months and fallen senescent fruits) were investigated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Antimicrobial activity was determined using a modified Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by the micro broth dilution method against strains of Bacillus...
Biopeptides with antioxidant activity extracted from the biomass of Spirulina sp. LEB 18
January 2016
The microalga Spirulina has been marketed in many countries due to its application in foods, especially for its high protein content, which can be used to obtain protein hydrolysates. Protein hydrolysates are easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and have significant physiological properties, because during the hydrolysis process, peptides with antioxidant activity can be obtained. The objective of this study...
Serological survey of foot and mouth disease virus antibodies in apparently healthy domestic pigs in Nigeria
January 2016
Despite the endemic nature of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Nigeria, little is known about the epidemiology of the disease in pigs. FMD could pose a negative economic and social impact in the life of small-holder and commercial pig farmers in the advent of an outbreak. In this report, out of 822 pig sera collected from two states (Plateau and Enugu) in Nigeria, 12 (1.5%) tested positive for antibodies to the highly...
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique compared to conventional bacteriological and serological techniques in diagnosis of human brucellosis in Egypt
January 2016
Direct diagnosis of human brucellosis is performed by cultivation with the disadvantage of being time consuming and the increase risk of laboratory acquired infection to laboratory personnel handling and performing culture procedures. Serological techniques as serum agglutination test (SAT) can also be used for diagnosis with the disadvantage of false negative and positive results that may occur. This study aims to...
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