Nodular bacterial endophyte diversity associated with native Acacia spp. in desert region of Algeria
May 2016
Five species of Acacia (Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne, A. nilotica (L.) Delile, A. seyal Delile, A. tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne and A. laeta Delile) indigenous to Tamanrasset (Algeria) were investigated for their nodulation status and nodular endophytic diversity. A. ehrenbergiana showed the highest nodulation ability across the different sites in this region, indicating the widespread occurrence of compatible rhizobia in the...
Antimicrobial activity of several Brazilian medicinal plants against phytopathogenic bacteria
May 2016
What is currently raised as a new approach in the management of plant diseases is the development and formulation of plant based biopesticides. The objective of present study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of twelve species belonging to seven families collected from the Northeast of Brazil against four economically important phytopathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activities of the aqueous...
Bacteriological quality and metal levels of boreholes and hand-dug well within the Golden Star Wassa mining areas in Ghana
May 2016
This study seeks to assess the bacteriological, physicochemical and some trace metals levels in water samples from seven boreholes and a hand-dug well within communities of Golden Star Wassa Mine Limited in Ghana. Five of the sampling sites were slightly acidic and were below the lower limit of the acceptable World Health Organization (WHO) and Ghana Standard Authority (GSA) permissible guidelines for pH. However,...
Studies on leukocidins toxins and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various clinical sources
May 2016
Staphylococcus aureus toxins represent a public health challenge all over the world. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of genes encoding the staphylococcal leukocidins and their correlation with antimicrobial susceptibility and the source of isolation. For this purpose, the susceptibility of 75 S. aureus isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents was investigated. The leukocidins genes (lukD, lukE, lukF and lukS) were...
Endophytic microorganisms from Bauhinia monandra leaves: Isolation, antimicrobial activities and interaction with galactose-specific lectin BmoLL
May 2016
Bauhinia monandra leaves are well known hypoglycemic agent in Brazilian popular medicine from which a galactose specific lectin (BmoLL) has been purified in milligram quantities. In this work, the antimicrobial activity of endophytes isolated from B. monandra leaves and the ability of BmoLL to agglutinate the microorganisms were evaluated. After disinfection, leaves of B. monandra were fragmented and distributed in...
A study of high level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci
April 2016
Enterococci are a common cause of nosocomial infection and prevalence of antibiotic resistance among them is increasing. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of high level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci at Alexandria Main University Hospital. A total of 133 enterococci strains isolated from clinical specimens were all subjected to Bauer Kirby disc diffusion to detect antibiotic susceptibility pattern. High...
Diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from "kpètè-kpètè" a ferment of traditional beer “tchoukoutou†produced in Benin
April 2016
The counts and identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the ferment “kpètè-kpètè” of the traditional beer (tchoukoutou) collected from nine large producing cities of Benin were carried out. Out of 209 strains isolated, 135 strains were purified, identified and were member of four different types based on their morphological traits, biochemical tests, API 50CH gallery...
Antimicrobial resistance of potential pathogenic strains isolated from eggs produced by informal farms and sold in Abidjan, Ivory Coast
April 2016
The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial quality of eggs produced by informal farms and sold in most Abidjan’s markets. Thus, a preliminary investigation was conducted to evaluate the frequency of eggs consumption by the population of the study area (Abidjan). After this investigation, an analysis of the eggs microbiological quality was performed both on the shell and the eatable (egg yolk) part. The...
Evaluation of microbiological quality of raw milk, sour milk and artisanal yoghurt from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
April 2016
The present study was undertaken to investigate the microbiological quality of milk and artisanal dairy products sold in Ouagadougou markets. Forty-five (45) samples of milk and dairy products including raw milk, sour milk and yoghurt were collected and analyzed for aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), total coliforms (TC), thermotolerant coliforms (TTC), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and...
Tannase production by Aspergillus spp. UCP1284 using cashew bagasse under solid state fermentation
April 2016
Production of tannase by Aspergillus species UCP1284 was studied using solid state fermentation and cashew bagasse as substrate. Amount of 35 strains of fungi species isolated from soil of Caatinga were used for qualitative selection of strains with potential for production of tannase. Through the selected fungi, a complex study was achieved about the influence of the variables: substrate amount, initial moisture...
Biocontrol of Salmonella Typhimurium growth in tomato surface by bacteriophage P22
April 2016
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of bacteriophage P22 on Salmonella Typhimurium in artificially inoculated tomato surface, under simulating condition of storage (10°C) and marketing (20°C) during seven days. First, we demonstrated the in vitro ability of phage P22 to reduce host population density to undetectable levels two hours after inoculation; however, S. Typhimurium was able to regrow up...
In vitro activities of Trichoderma species against Phytophthora parasitica and Fusarium oxysporum
April 2016
Trichoderma species usually produce chitinases and glucanases with inhibitory effects on several phytopathogens. In this work, the effects of such enzymes activities were evaluated on Phytophthora parasitica and Fusarium oxysporum. Enriched enzyme extracts were obtained from Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma gamsii and Trichoderma logibrachiatum, which were grown on supplemented media with chitin...
An overview of food safety knowledge and practices in selected schools in the city of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
April 2016
Safe food handling in school canteens is an important practice to protect the students from food borne illnesses. The main purpose of this study was to present an overview of food safety knowledge and hygienic practices in selected schools in Al Ain city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The study consisted of three parts. The first part tackled students’ and teachers’ behavior during...
Asymptomatic bacteriuria: Occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles among students of a tertiary institution in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
April 2016
Asymptomatic bacteriuria, a form of urinary tract infections that involves isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs referable to urinary infection is common, but the prevalence in population varies widely with age, sex and the presence of genitourinary abnormalities. This study therefore aimed at investigating...
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their potential for biocontrol of phytopathogens
April 2016
Growth promotion and disease control by rhizobacteria are complex interrelated processes that involve direct and indirect mechanisms. The mechanisms include synthesis of some metabolites (auxin, cytokinin and gibberellins), induction of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, production of siderophore, antibiotics, hydrogen cyanide hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and volatile compounds. They also include mineral...
Determination of mecA expression and other resistance mechanisms in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)
April 2016
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infection worldwide. Production of β-lactamases and penicillin-binding protein 2a are the two main mechanisms of resistance in S. aureus. The aim of this work was to study the mechanisms of resistance produced by the S. aureus strain isolated from Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) during an outbreak. β-Lactamases production was detected by...
Virulence profiles of clinical and environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Central Morocco
April 2016
The pathogenic potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa comes from the expression of many secreted and cell surface virulence factors, and its biofilm formation. This study aimed to investigate and compare the virulence profiles of 123 clinical and environmental P. aeruginosa isolated in Meknes (Morocco). Using suitable culture media, phenotypic screening evaluated the production of β-haemolysin, caseinase, lipase,...
Helicobacter pylori vacA genotyping in relation to cagA status, ultra-structure of gastric mucosa and clinical outcomes in Egyptian patients
April 2016
Helicobactor pylori (H. pylori) has been strongly associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer and is linked to an increased risk of gastric cancer. The cytotoxin-associated gene product (cagA) and the vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA) have been implicated as two major virulence factors of H. pylori. Since there is an increasing evidence that genetic variability of H. pylori may have clinical importance, we aimed to evaluate...
Ruminal microorganism consideration and protein used in the metabolism of the ruminants: A review
April 2016
A great diversity of species of microorganisms are present in the rumen environmental with specific functions in the degradation of carbohydrates, protein and lipids. However, the knowledge of the interactions between the different species of microorganisms in the rumen ecosystem and their specific substrates were used to improve nutritional management and can increase production of meat or milk. A balanced nutritional...
Microbiota of freshwater catfish species, Filhote (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) and Dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) from the Amazon Region (Belém-Pará-Brazil)
April 2016
This paper identified the bacterial flora composition and its influence on the microbiological spoilage process in economically important fish species: Filhote (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) and Dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) in the Amazon region. Microbiological characterization was performed: counts of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria and coliforms at 35 and 45°C, respectively....
Morphoagronomic and productive traits of RR® soybean due to inoculation via Azospirillum brasilense groove
April 2016
In the last decades, the Brazilian soy productive chain has passed through a transformation process in which the yield, efficiency, profitability, economic and environmental sustainability are very important issues. In this context, the introduction of microorganisms has provided an increase in grains yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense associated with...
Toxin gene profile and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical and food samples in Egypt
April 2016
The antimicrobial sensitivity, toxin profiles, and agr genotyping of 70 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were determined. The evaluation of 10 antimicrobials showed that 88.5, 52.8, 40, and 25.7% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, cefoxitin, and oxacillin, respectively. All isolates were sensitive to gentamicin. The prevalence of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg,...
Antibiotic resistance of Enterococci isolated from raw camel milk in the South West of Algeria
April 2016
Little information is available on the diversity and distribution of resistance and virulence factors in Enterococci isolated from camel milk. In this study, 33 samples of camel’s milk collected from the south west region of Algeria were analyzed for the presence of Enterococcus spp. Twenty three (23) enterococcal isolates were recovered. These strains were identified by the API 20 STREP and the sodium dodecyl...
Optimization of cellulase production for Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. soil isolates
April 2016
This investigation deals with optimizing the cellulase producing bacterial isolates for better enzyme yield. Cellulose degrading bacteria were isolated from garden soil (Aurangabad, MS, India). Amongst 40 different bacterial isolates, two of the bacterial isolates, 2b and 38b, were processed for preliminary identification with morphological, cultural and biochemical characterization. Based on these studies, strain 2b...
In vitro evaluation of probiotic potential of five lactic acid bacteria and their antimicrobial activity against some enteric and food-borne pathogens
March 2016
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present many important properties in food manufacturing, such as improvement of physical characteristics and the production of lactic acid that aids in the increase of the shelf life of food products. Also, LAB can suppress growth of pathogens, control of serum cholesterol level, modulate immune system, and improve lactose digestion. Five standard (Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus...
Growing varieties durum wheat (Triticum durum) in response to the effect of osmolytes and inoculation by Azotobacter chroococcum under salt stress
March 2016
This study was conducted to determine the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Azotobacter chroococcum AZ6 isolated from arid soil and osmolytes such as glycine betaine (GB) or proline (P) on the growth of durum wheat varieties under salinity stress. Inoculation by A. chroococcum AZ6 in the presence or absence of P (5 mM) or GB (5 mM) reduced substantially the effect of salt stress on plant growth parameters...
Prevalence of exfoliative toxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 encoding genes among coagulase positive Staphylococcus isolated from human and animal sources
March 2016
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of coagulase positive staphylococcus (CPS) in Jordan and to investigate the presence of genes encoding exfoliative toxins (eta, etb), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst). Seven hundred and fifty three samples were used including 273 obtained from human sources and 480 from animals (sheep, cows, and goats). One hundred and sixty seven isolates were identified as...
Bioaccumulation of cadmium and lead by Shewanella oneidensis isolated from soil in Basra governorate, Iraq
March 2016
In the present study heavy metals resistant bacteria were isolated from soil collected from Al-Zubair district in Basra governorate south of Iraq. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogeny analysis, the isolates were authentically identified as Shewanella oneidensis in addition to Bacillus thuringiensis and Deinococcus radiodurans. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of...
Potential of bamboo vinegar with liquid probiotics on growth performance, fecal microbiology and fecal odorous gas emissions from finishing pigs
March 2016
In this study, the effects of dietary supplementation with bamboo vinegar liquid probiotics (BVLP) on finishing pigs were investigated. A total of 105 crossbreed (Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs were allotted to five treatments of three replicate pens (7 pigs/pen) following a completely randomized design. Results elucidated that, there were no significant differences observed in weight gain, feed intake and...
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns in CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacteraceae isolated from healthy Afghan refugees in Iran
March 2016
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), including the most wide spread CTX-M-15 enzyme, are major antibiotic resistant mechanisms of Enterobacteriaceae. Emergence of this plasmid-mediated enzyme poses a global threat particularly in Asian countries struggling with war. In this study, we investigated CTX-M-15 in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from healthy Afghan refugees in Iran and analyzed the association...
Surface waters in northern Tanzania harbor fecal coliform and antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. capable of horizontal gene transfer
March 2016
Some Salmonella spp. are important pathogenic bacteria that can be transmitted to people via food and water and that can cause disease characterized by mild to severe enteric and systemic illness. In developing countries, infections caused by pathogenic antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. are a major health challenge, particularly in children. Through the use of membrane filtration and Environmental Protection Agency...
In vitro antitumoral activity of soluble protein extracts of Bacillus thuringiensis
March 2016
There are many studies about the antitumour effects of Bacillus toxins from different strains or subspecies in different parts of the world. Proteins that selectively kill tumor cells in vitro have potential as anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of soluble proteins extracts (SPE) from Mexican strains of B. thuringiensis on murine lymphoma L5178YR cell line. In vitro, L5178YR...
Antimicrobial activity of seaweeds of Pernambuco, northeastern coast of Brazil
March 2016
The antibacterial efficacy of various solvent extracts of marine algae Caulerpa racemosa, Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta), Jania adhaerens (Rhodophyta), Padina gymnospora and Sargassum polyceratium (Phaeophyta) against some selected gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria was screened. Crude extracts were prepared from the selected marine algae using different solvents namely, hexane, chloroform, ethyl...
Comparative evaluation of antibacterial activity of induced and non-induced Cajanus cajan seed extract against selected gastrointestinal tract bacteria
March 2016
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) infections are major causes of mortality and morbidity world-wide, especially in developing countries. Cajanus cajan extracts possess therapeutic properties. In this study, the induced and non-induced antibacterial properties of C. cajan seeds were evaluated against bacterial strains implicated in GIT infections by Disc diffusion method and Micro-well dilution assay. C. cajan produced...
Diversity of fungi in sediments and water sampled from the hot springs of Lake Magadi and Little Magadi in Kenya
March 2016
Lake Magadi and Little Magadi are saline, alkaline lakes lying in the southern part of Kenyan Rift Valley. Their solutes are supplied by a series of alkaline hot springs with temperatures as high as 86°C. Previous culture-dependent and independent studies have revealed diverse prokaryotic groups adapted to these conditions. However, very few studies have examined the diversity of fungi in these soda lakes. In this...
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of β-lactams resistance in Klebsiella species from Egyptian hospitals revealed carbapenem resistance by OXA and NDM genes
March 2016
The β-lactams are frequently used antibiotics and are essential in treatment of serious bacterial infections. The emergence of β-lactamases has been an ongoing serious therapeutic problem. To overcome this problem, scientists utilized several β-lactamases inhibitors such as clavulanic acid and tazobactam that are used in combination with antibiotics. However, pathogenic bacteria have acquired additional...
Effect of an autochthonous starter culture, including lactococci and Geotrichum candidum strains, on the ripening of a semi-hard goat’s milk cheese
March 2016
Four batches of Armada semi-hard goat cheese were elaborated from pasteurized milk inoculated with a natural starter culture, constituted of two lactococci strains, combined with a Geotrichum candidum strain. The four G. candidum strains tested as co-starter were selected for their proteolytic and lipolytic activities. The effects of an autochthonous starter on physico-chemical, microbiological and sensorial...
Characteristics of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus strains isolated from acute cellulitis of dental origin in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
March 2016
Patients afflicted by acute cellulitis of dental origin are usually in need of urgent treatment. The most frequently isolated bacterial strains associated with this condition are Streptococcal and Staphylococcal species, which are also most commonly implicated with cellulitis in general. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus isolated from patients...
Study on rapid detection of seven common foodborne pathogens by gene chip
March 2016
To develop a rapid, effective, specific, and sensitive method to detect foodborne pathogens, 13 sets of primers were designed to amplify the conservative and specific genes of rfbE, fliC, invA, hilA, ipaH, femA, nuc, hlyA, prfA, tuf, speB, tlh and tdh, respectively. Establishment of foodborne pathogens detection chips was conducted by spotting the target genes on the chips by Nano-PlotterTM NP 1.2 printing system. The...
Status of inducible clindamycin resistance among macrolide resistant Staphylococcus aureus
March 2016
Clindamycin has long been an option for treating both methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. So, it is utmost important to perform the susceptibility test for erythromycin and clindamycin. And, there is concern on use of this antibiotic in the presence of erythromycin resistance because of the possibility of induction of cross-resistance among members of...
Insights of maize lethal necrotic disease: A major constraint to maize production in East Africa
March 2016
Maize Lethal Necrotic Disease (MLND) is a new disease in East Africa, first reported in Kenya in 2011 and then spread to Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. The disease is caused by Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV) in combination with viruses of genus Potyvirus, mostly Sugarcane Chlorotic Mottle Virus (SCMV). The co-infection is the one that results in intensive to complete yield loss. Diagnosis of MLND based on symptoms is...
Anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and cytotoxicity of aqueous and organic extracts of Ricinus communis
February 2016
The present study aimed to examine anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and cytotoxicity in leaf extract of Ricinus communis extract (in different solvent). The leaf powder of R. communis was extracted using different solvents. The anti-bacterial activity of the extracts was determined by agar well and disc diffusion method. The extracts were also subjected to phytochemical analysis. The anti-oxidant activity of the extracts...
The growth potential and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella species and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mobile phones of food handlers and health care workers in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia
February 2016
Mobile phones are increasingly being used by all people in day to day life. However, they are found suitable breeding grounds for various pathogenic microorganisms. This study was aimed to determine the growth potential and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella species and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mobile phones of food handlers and health care workers in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia....
Physicochemical and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the oils and soap of the seed and peel of Citrus sinensis
February 2016
Citrus sinensis seed and peel oils were extracted by solvent extraction using n-hexane, after air drying and grinding. Soaps were formed by saponification methods. Fatty acid composition of the oil samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatograph-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Physicochemical properties of the oils and soaps were determined following standard methods. Antimicrobial activities were assessed by the agar...
Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae using the ESBL NDP test and flow cytometric assay in comparison to the standard disc diffusion
February 2016
This study was undertaken to evaluate the comparison among three different assays: extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) Nordmann/ Dortet/ Poirel (NDP) test, flow cytometric assay and disc diffusion method for the detection of ESBL production. Sixty clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from patients’ clinical samples admitted to Suez-Canal University Hospital, Ismailia Governorate. The...
Anti-candida and anti-enzyme activity and cytotoxicity of 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one
February 2016
This study determined the fungicidal concentration (MFC), anti-enzymatic (production of proteinases and phospholipase), and cytotoxic activities of 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one against different strains of Candida sp. The results were: MIC> 62.5 µg\ml and MFC>250 µg\ml for C. albicans; MIC/MFC = 31.25 µg\ml for C. parapsilosis; MIC/MFC= 62.5 µg/ml for C. famata; MIC/CFM =125 µg\ml for C....
Sociodemographic, microbial and phylogentic studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases diagnosed in El-Minia governorate, Egypt
February 2016
Egypt is considered one of the high-burden countries in WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean region. This study determined the sociodemographic, microbial and phylogentic characteristics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases diagnosed in El-Minia governorate in upper Egypt. Fifty clinical samples were collected (male-to-female sex ratio 1.5 and 50% within the 21- to 40-years old) with complete history of patients; samples...
Seropositivity and risk factors for Brucella in dairy cows in Asella and Bishoftu towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
February 2016
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Asella and Bishoftu towns of Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia to determine seropositivity and associated risk factors exposing dairy cattle to brucellosis from December, 2013 to March, 2014. A total of 570 dairy cattle from 35 herds were purposely selected for inclusion in the study based on abortion history. From 35 farms studied, 80, 55.56 and 100% of the farm owners in small,...
Correlation between biliary bacteriology and types of gallstones in uncomplicated symptomatic cholelithiasis
February 2016
The aim of this study was to identify the microflora in the gallbladder of patients undergoing cholecystectomy for different types of gallstones and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Between January 2005 and December 2008, 136 samples of bile [cholesterol stones (CS)] and 175 pigment stones (PS) were collected from 213 women and 98 men, who were between 18-95 years (median age: 52.5±12.0) by...
Antibiogram of bacterial isolates and fungi associated with some creams and lotions sold in Zaria, Nigeria
February 2016
Skin moisturizing creams and lotions are external preparations that contain special additives that could serve as nutrients for microorganisms; it is possible that such products may get contaminated and serves as vehicles for pathogen transfer. Eight cosmetic products, consisting of 4 body creams and 4 lotions were randomly purchased from the local markets within Zaria and analyzed for their microbiological quality....
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