Phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of selected Nigerian long pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruits
September 2015
Five varieties of Nigerian long pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruits (var. baccatum, chacoense, fingerh, maxima and minima) were studied for their antibacterial activities. Methods described by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) were employed to determine the phytochemicals in the pepper fruits. The Capsicum frutescens fruits showed antibacterial activity (10.33 - 32.66 mm zones of inhibition)...
Expression and characterization of recombinant cellulases from an isolated Klebsiella
September 2015
Seven bacteria strains that have a comparable or higher cellulose degrading capability than Cellulomonas fimi were screened out and phylogenetically analyzed. Genes encoding 1,4-endoglucosidase (celJV) and glucoside hydrolase family 8 (celG) were cloned from Klebsiella sp. strain IV-3, and then inserted separately or simultaneously into pET-22b(+), pETDuet-1 (pDin) or pDout that combined pETDuet-1 with the pelB leader....
Investigation of specific microorganisms in the salt lakes of Southern Russia
September 2015
Specific microorganisms in extreme reservoirs with total dissolved solids of 195.7 to 585.8 g/l in Southern Russia were studied. Halophilic community of phototrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms was found. In the laboratory, an experiment was carried out to study the degradation ability of microorganisms in relation to organic content of waste water fishing enterprises - brines and bitterns (salt solutions). After...
Rhizobium tropici exopolysaccharides as carriers improve the symbiosis of cowpea-Bradyrhizobium-Paenibacillus
September 2015
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) may represent a viable inoculant carrier to replace peat and reduce production costs. In addition, the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), as Paenibacillus, in association with rhizobia represents a new technology that can improve the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and crop productivity. Thus, the present research aimed to characterize the EPS that are produced by R. tropici and...
Drug resistance pattern of Salmonella and Shigella species isolated from selected hospitals in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
September 2015
This work was designed to assess the status of Salmonella and Shigella infections in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria with a view to making informed statements that may guide policy makers and public health experts in the containment efforts against these infections. Salmonella and Shigella species isolated from human faecal samples were examined for resistance to some antibiotic agents using disc diffusion methods. Drug...
Immunity towards tuberculosis infection: A review
September 2015
Immune response represents the initial arm of host defense against Koch’s bacillus. This review describes and discusses current knowledge of the host’s immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. To improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis, more rapid diagnostic techniques have been investigated in recent years, such as mediators, receptors and activators of immunity, gamma-interferon, tumor...
Nosocomial infections in post-operative wounds due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Benue State Nigeria
September 2015
Three hundred (300) post-operative wound swab specimens were aseptically collected from four hospitals and investigated. The four hospitals were Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi (FMCM), General Hospital, Gboko (GHG), General Hospital, Otukpo (GHO) and General Hospital North Bank, Makurdi (GHNBM). The swabs were cultured and organisms identified according to standard procedures. A prevalence rate of bacterial isolates...
Isolation and identification of lactic acid and non-acid lactic bacteria from “dèguè†of Western Africa traditional fermented millet-based food
September 2015
Déguè is a traditional fermented millet-based food which is consumed in Burkina Faso and other countries of West Africa. A total of 125 strains of bacteria were selected from 16 samples of déguè. Isolates were studied by determination of morphological and biochemical characteristics. Among the 125 strains of lactic acid bacteria selected, 68 strains were identified as Lactobacillus and 57...
In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity and interactive effect of Anadenanthera colubrina (Benth)
September 2015
Anadenanthera colubrina (Benth) Brenan, a plant known in the Northeastern Region of Brazil as angico, is widely used in traditional folk medicine to treat respiratory and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity, determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum fungicidal concentration and the fungal kinetics (death curve) in addition to the interactive effect of the...
Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis in dogs from Monterrey, Mexico
September 2015
Infection by Ehrlichia canis in dogs causes the worldwide tick-borne disease called canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), and the presence of E. canis has been serologically demonstrated in all continents, with prevalence ranging from 0.2 to 80%. In southern Mexico, a prevalence of 44% was found, whereas in the northwest part of the country it varies from 21 to 49%. In the present study, a commercial kit for the...
Fermented milk enriched with passion fruit peel flour (passiflora edulis): Physicochemical and sensory aspects and lactic acid bacteria viability
September 2015
This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical parameters, total and thermotolerant coliforms, lactic acid bacteria viability, instrumental color, and sensory analysis of fermented milks added to passion fruit peel flour (PFPF), throughout 29 days of storage, except composition. Four fermented milk treatments were prepared as follows: 1, fermented milk without addition of PFPF; 2, fermented milk added with 1%...
Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in bovine carcasses by multiplex-PCR
September 2015
The causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is Mycobacterium bovis, a bacterium belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC). The definitive diagnosis is achieved through isolation and identification of M. bovis from clinical samples, using a combination of traditional culture and biochemical methods, which is considered the “gold standard”. This procedure is cumbersome and time-consuming. We...
Antioxidant and in-vitro anthelminthic potentials of methanol extracts of barks and leaves of Voacanga africana and Rauwolfia vomitoria
September 2015
Voacanga africana (Stapf) and Rauwolfia vomitoria (Afzel) (Apocynaceae) are traditional plants widely used in folkloric medicine. Methanol extracts of V. africana bark (VAB) and leaves (VAL), and R. vomitoria bark (RVB) and leaves (RVL) were evaluated for antioxidant and anthelmintic potentials. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging method using ascorbic acid as...
Microbiological load of yoghurt sold in Omoku schools, Rivers State, Nigeria
August 2015
Sachets of various brands of yoghurt were randomly purchased from different retail outlets within Omoku schools and its pH and microbiological quality were determined using standard method. Total bacterial count (TBC) and Coliform count were done using standard plate count method after making serial dilutions of yoghurt samples. Nutrient agar (NA) was used for enumeration of TBC. NA plates were incubated at 37°C for...
Effects of lithium compounds on the growth of white-rot fungi
August 2015
Identifying the most suitable lithium compounds for fungal growth is important for the lithium (Li) enrichment of mushrooms. However, enrichment thus far has been carried out using LiCl. In an effort to identify an alternative source of lithium, we investigated the effect of five lithium compounds on lag phase, growth rate and biomass of ten species of white-rot fungi. The objective of this work was to make a screening...
Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae using the ESBL NDP test and flow cytometric assay in comparison to the standard disc diffusion
August 2015
This study was undertaken to evaluate the comparison among three different assays: extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) Nordmann/ Dortet/ Poirel (NDP) test, flow cytometric assay and disc diffusion method for the detection of ESBL production. Sixty clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from patients’ clinical samples admitted to Suez-Canal University Hospital, Ismailia Governorate. The...
Plasmid profile of Staphylococcus aureus from orthopaedic patients in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria
August 2015
The aim of this work was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates from orthopaedic patients and their plasmid carriage. A total number of 39 S. aureus were isolated from wound, skin and bed of orthopaedic patients in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria with the use of API STAPH identification kit. Antibiotics susceptibility test was done using disc...
Carbon dioxide mitigation by microalga in a vertical tubular reactor with recycling of the culture medium
August 2015
Microalgae use photosynthesis as their principal metabolic mechanism to obtain organic carbon from the inorganic carbon contained in CO2 using solar energy. This process releases oxygen into the atmosphere. The aim of this study was to determine the most appropriate biomass concentration for growing Spirulina sp. LEB 18 (Cyanobacteria) in a vertical tubular photobioreactor with biomass removal and recycling of the...
Congruence between the drug resistance pattern of Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. isolated from humans and those from wild animals
August 2015
As human populations grow and transform landscapes, contact with wildlife concomitantly increases. Disease emergence has been an important consequence of these contacts, with many of emerging infectious diseases in humans arising from wildlife reservoirs. Drug resistance is a very important dimension of disease emergence and tracing the source is a veritable containment strategy. Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. have...
Physiological and sanitary potential of peanut seed treated with cinnamon powder
August 2015
This study aimed to assess the physiological and sanitary potential of peanut seeds cv. BR1, treated with powdered cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). The experiment was conducted in the laboratories of the Seed and Plant Pathology and Microbiology at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco / Academic Unit of Garanhuns (UFRPE / UAG). The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications of 50 seeds....
Isolation and identification of Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) in the Mediterranean Sea, Greece
August 2015
The gilthead sea bream is one of the main aquacultured fish species in the Mediterranean Sea. Sparicotyle chrysophrii is an ectoparasite specific for sea bream and able to cause mortality in the Mediterranean aquaculture system. In this study, a total of 20 gilthead sea bream were sampled for parasitological research at Heraklion Bay, Crete, Greece. Gills of the fish were dissected and examined for parasites using a...
Isolation and genetic characterization of endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms from Butia purpurascens Glassman
August 2015
Interactions between plants and microorganism are complex and can affect the establishment of plant communities and change ecosystem properties. These interactions are of interest for researchers and have many ecological and biotechnological applications. The present study is the first report on the microbial diversity associated with Butia purpurascens Glassman, and the goal was to isolate and identify the genetic...
Response of single and co-inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on growth, flowering and nutrient content of chrysanthemum
August 2015
A pot experiment was conducted in the screen-house of Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the two successive seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13 to investigate the potential effect of different strains of Bacillus (BS1- SYB101, BS2- SB155 and BS3- SB127), Pseudomonas (PS1- WPS73, PS2- CPA152 and PS3-P20) and their combination on growth, flowering and nutrient...
Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum BLS29 as a potential probiotic starter culture for pork sausage production
August 2015
The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from naturally fermented pork sausages and test them for use as a probiotic starter culture in the production of fermented sausages. LAB (n=26) were isolated from natural fermented pork sausages. Isolates were identified using 16S rDNA or Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region sequencing. After that, strains were characterized based on...
Action of proteases of the nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia on Ascaris suum eggs of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)
August 2015
Among the parasites of domestic and wild swine, Ascaris suum stands out; a nematode that can lead to growth retardation and reduction in weight gain due to its action, especially in young animals. The objective of this study was to test the ovicidal action of proteases from Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) on A. suum eggs in an assay with Petri dishes. The fungus P. chlamydosporia (VC4) was grown in Erlenmeyers flasks with...
Isolation and optimization of amylase producing bacteria and actinomycetes from soil samples of Maraki and Tewedros campus, University of Gondar, North West Ethiopia
August 2015
The objective of the present study was to isolate, identify and optimize potential amylase producing bacteria and actinomycetes from soil samples. The soil samples were collected from Maraki and Tewedros campus, University of Gondar. Isolation was done by serial dilution and spread plate method. Primary screening of amylolytic activity of the isolates was performed by starch agar plate method. The submerged state...
Lactic acid bacteria associated with the digestive tract and skin of Sea bream (Sparus aurata) cultured in Tunisia
August 2015
Thirty-seven (37) enterococcal isolates were recovered from the skin and intestines of the sea bream (Sparus aurata), the most economically important fish species of the Mediterranean sea from Tunisian fish farming sites, to investigate their antimicrobial potential. All isolates were identified to the species level using genotypic tools. An investigation employing 16S rDNA sequencing in combination with randomly...
Culturable bacterial diversity and hydrolytic enzymes from drass, a cold desert in India
August 2015
Bacterial diversity of composite soil sample of drass was explored and screened for various hydrolytic enzymes. About 600 bacterial strains were isolated using six different growth media, that is, R2A, nutrient agar, King’s B media, tryptic soy agar, Luria-Bertani agar and minimal media (100 isolates picked randomly from each media). These bacterial isolates were further differentiated on the basis of...
Occurrence of begomoviruses in cotton-vegetable agro ecosystem in India
July 2015
Begomoviruses are the important pathogens of variety of crop plants and are responsible for causing huge economic losses. It is assumed that cotton vegetable agro eco system plays a vital role in the complex etiology of the diseases caused by begomoviruses. Therefore, the present work was planned to study the relationship among begomoviruses infecting cotton, chilli, radish, tomato and papaya. For this purpose, the...
Evaluation of hygienic-sanitary quality of honey from Apis mellifera L. obtained in semi-arid region of PiauÃ, Brazil
July 2015
This study aimed to evaluate the quality of honey from Apis mellifera L. obtained in Piauí, Brazil. The completely randomized design (CRD) was used in the experiments. Two treatments of honey were prepared: one from beekeepers that use Extraction Units for Bee Products (EUBP) with Best practices for beekeeping (T1), and another one from those which use EUBP without the best practices (T2). Parameters analyzed...
Cultivation and nutritional studies of an edible mushroom from North Brazil
July 2015
The vertical mycelial growth to investigate the feasibility of Pleurotus ostreatoroseus DPUA 1720 production in lignocellulosic Amazonic residues was evaluated. Mycelial development was carried out in cupuaçu exocarp (Theobroma grandiflorum Willd Former Spreng Schum), açai seed (Euterpe oleracea) and sawdust as substrates. Each residue was supplemented with rice bran, crown and pineapple peel. The average...
Effect of processing steps and storage on microbiota and volatile amines content of salted semi preserved cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)
July 2015
Microbial and volatile amines changes during processing steps and storage in optimal and abuse temperatures of semipreserved cuttlefish and their efficiency for quality was investigated. After osmotic treatment the initial microbial contamination and the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) decreased sharply. The microbiota changed to Gram positive bacteria in which species of Bacillus and Staphylococcus were dominant....
Bacteriophage based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold surface used for detection of Escherichia coli by electrochemical analysis
July 2015
Bacteriophages (or phages) are parasites that infect specific bacteria. This host-selectivity can be useful to identify bacterial contaminants in food, water, environment etc. In the present study, phage was isolated from stagnant water and cultivated by overlay method against host bacteria that is E. coli. Phage titer was calculated to be 107 pfu/ml using 10-fold dilutions. Plaque reaction activity was observed...
Evaluation of antibacterial activities of Barleria Prionitis Linn
July 2015
In the present study, 1 g/ml each of Barleria prionitis leaves (BPL) and B. prionitis stem (BPS) were extracted from different solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform ethyl acetate and methanol. Ethyl acetate extract of BPL showed maximum inhibition zone on Gram positive Bacillus pumilus (9.83 mm) and methanol extract of BPS showed minimum inhibition zone on Gram negative Escherichia coli (0.16 mm). Petroleum ether...
Comparison of two storage conditions of Candida albicans for DNA extraction and analysis
July 2015
The major human fungal pathogens are species from the genus Candida, especially Candida albicans. C. albicans sample preservation from human source is essential for clinical purposes and epidemiologic studies; however, little is known about its conservation for DNA extraction and analysis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare two storage conditions of C. albicans for performing DNA extraction and...
Diversity and distribution of endophytic bacterial community in the Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) plant
July 2015
Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is a plant used by traditional cultures and also in modern health care products. Various chemical substances are derived from the plant and include, but are not limited to anthraquinone flavonol glycosides, iridoid glycosides, lipids glycosides and triterpenoids. Also commonly found on the plant are endophytic bacteria however, there are no reports on endophytic bacterial community of Noni....
In vitro antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas spp. against Rhizoctonia soloni
July 2015
The present research work deals with the in-vitro study of antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas spp. against plantpathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia soloni. The bacterial strains were isolated from rhizospheric soil of Korea district of Chhattisgarh. A total of 28 bacterial cultures were isolated from 25 representative soil samples collected from five blocks of Korea district of Chhattisgarh, out of which four were identified...
Effects of practices of maize farmers and traders in Ghana on contamination of maize by aflatoxins: Case study of Ejura-Sekyeredumase Municipality
July 2015
Contamination of maize by aflatoxins is of major concern to governments and the international community because high degrees of aflatoxin in food render the food unsafe for human consumption. The disposal of such foods also constitutes an economic loss in food production. This paper reports the findings of a study conducted during the 2013 minor maize farming season in Ejura-Sekyeredumase Municipality in the Ashanti...
Characterization of phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria isolated from lentil growing areas of Ethiopia
July 2015
Lentil (Lens culnaris Medik.) is an invaluable source of dietary protein for the majority of Ethiopian population. The low availability of phosphorus is one of the major soil related stresses that limit the production of this crop. This study was aimed at isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from lentil growing areas of Ethiopia and evaluating their effects on growth of this crop under...
Phosphate solubilizing rhizospheric bacterial communities of different crops of Korea District of Chhattisgarh, India
July 2015
Occurrence of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) in the rhizospheric soil of different crops of Korea District of Chhattisgarh, India was studied. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria colonize the plant roots, affect plant growth positively and add nutrients to the soil. A good number of PSB were isolated, purified and identified from twenty-five different representative soil samples collected from five blocks of Korea...
Antifungal and enzyme activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Ocimum sanctum and Aloe vera
July 2015
The present study was carried out to isolate endophytic fungi from Ocimum sanctum and Aloe vera and to assess their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum falcatum and Helminthosporium maydis. The isolated fungi were further evaluated for production of extracellular enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, chitinase, pectinase, laccase, lipase and urease. During the study 18...
Occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in free-living and captive wild birds from 2010-2013 in Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
July 2015
Birds are increasingly close to men, and many times are raised as pets. However, many times, these animals may carry and spread enterobacteria that are deleterious to human health. Salmonella sp. is considered one of the most common zoonoses in the world, causing important losses to public health. Although, Escherichia coli is an important commensal in the gastrointestinal tract of most animals, it may cause disease...
Efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila S-layer bacterins with different protein profiles as a vaccine in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
July 2015
Farming of Nile tilapia is in full development throughout the world. However, an increase is still seen in the prevalence and severity of bacterial diseases. The aim of this study was to develop a vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) based on protein patterns of S-layer proteins. The proteins were extracted using glycine and NaOH with subsequent visualization through SDS-PAGE....
Antifungal activity of Citharexylum quadrangulare Jacq. extracts against phytopathogenic fungi
July 2015
Antifungal activity of Citharexylum quadrangulare Jacq., an exotic tree introduced in Tunisia many years ago, was evaluated. Organic extracts using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents together with aqueous extracts tested at different concentrations were prepared from different organs (roots, stems, leaves and flowers). The fungitoxic activity for all extracts was evaluated against five phypathogenic fungi...
Assessment of fungal pathogens associated with orange spoilage
July 2015
Citrus sinensis also known as sweet orange is the most popular of the citrus fruits. It is widely cultivated in most regions of the world possessing a rich source of vitamin C, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and pectin. This research was conducted to investigate the assessments of fungal pathogens associated with orange fruit spoilage sold in five markets in Benin metropolis and the possible public health implications....
Evaluation of the antagonistic effect of six mixed cultures of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from the Ethiopian fermented milk ergo, against some foodborne pathogens inoculated into the Ethiopian cottage cheese ayib
July 2015
The antagonistic effect of mixed lactic acid bacterial cultures against foodborne pathogens (Staphylocuccus aureus ATCC 25923, Shigella boydii clinical isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25853) was evaluated in pasteurized ayib stored at room temperature. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were tested for acid tolerance at pH 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 for three and six h and for bile tolerance for 24 and 48 h at 0.3% (w/v)...
Virulence factors expressed by Mycobacterium ulcerans strains: Results of a descriptive study
July 2015
Mycobacterium ulcerans is a slow-growing mycobacterium responsible for Buruli ulcer. The pathogenic virulence of MU is being linked to the expression of toxin called Mycolactone, whose form varies according to the origin of the productive strains. Forms A and B are secreted by African and Malaysian strains, C by Australian strains and D by Asian strains. Forms E and F of mycolactone are secreted by animal mycolactone...
Evaluation of bacteriological quality and essential elements in commercially bottled/packaged water produced and marketed in Southeastern Nigeria
July 2015
The bacteriological quality and levels of essential mineral elements and organic acids were evaluated in 33 randomly selected bottled/packaged water samples produced and marketed in Southeastern Nigeria. The microbiological assay, essential mineral elements and organic acids were determined using American Public Health Association (APHA) standard methods. The distinguishing characteristics of the microorganisms...
Prevalence of Brucella antibodies in marketed cow milk in Benue State, Nigeria
July 2015
Brucellosis is an endemic disease in the animal population in Nigeria and of great public health importance, particularly among livestock owners and workers who are ignorant of the risk of Brucella infection. A total of 102 milk samples comprising 62 from cattle herds and 40 from milk vendors in Benue State, Nigeria were screened for Brucella antibodies by the milk ring test (MRT). The herds for the study were randomly...
Optimization of bioprocess for enhanced production of alkaline protease by a Bacillus subtilis SHmIIIa through Plackett-Burman design
July 2015
Optimal conditions for the maximum production of alkaline protease by Bacillus subtilis SHmIIIa were evaluated by Plackett-Burman design. Nine process parameters namely, pH, temperature, agitation, inoculum, glucose, peptone, KH2PO4, FeSO4 and tween 20 at two levels were selected for the design. Out of nine selected parameters, six parameters (pH 9.75, agitation 225 rpm, inoculum 3.5%, glucose 5.5 g/L, peptone 3.5 g/L...
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