Gastro-protective potential of Artemisia parvifloraon aspirin induced gastric ulcers in albino rabbits
November 2017
Artemisia parviflora Roxb.(Asteraceae) has medicinal properties. This study evaluates the gastroprotective potential of A. parviflora seeds against aspirin induced ulcers in albino rabbits.Thirty-six rabbits were randomly divided into 6 equal groups (n = 6). Group 1 was control; group 2 received aspirin for 14 days; group 3 received omeprazole + aspirin for 14 days; groups 4, 5, and 6 received A. parviflora seed powder...
Anti-diabetic activities of Fleurya aestuans (L.) Gaudich in alloxan induced rats
November 2017
Diabetes mellitus is becoming an increasing concern all over the world and such people especially in some communities have used medicinal plants to treat diabetes and its complications. This investigation aimed to examine the hypoglycemic potential of the methanol extract of Fleurya aestuans leaves in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Thirty five Wistar albino rats were grouped into seven different groups of...
Haematology and serum biochemistry of alloxan-induced diabetic rats administered with extracts of Phragmanthera incana (Schum.) Balle
November 2017
This study evaluated the toxic changes that may accompany treatment of diabetes with Phragmanthera incana, a mistletoe species growing on two plant hosts [Cola nitida (Kolanut; PICN) and Theobroma cacao (Cocoa; PITC)]. The toxic potential of this treatment regimen was evaluated using the effect of the extracts PICN and PITC on the haematology and serum chemistry of the diabetic rats. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were...
Evaluation of phytochemical components from ethyl acetate fraction of Vernonia calvoana using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and its antioxidants activities
November 2017
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and antioxidants activity of phytochemical constituents from ethyl acetate fraction of Vernonia calvoana (V.C) was evaluated. The fraction was subjected to GC–MS analysis using 5% diphenyl 95% dimethylpolysiloxane (30 m × 0.25 mm ID × 0.25 µm film thickness), the compounds were separated and identified by Turbo gold mass detector. The...
Antidiabetic potential of ethanol leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum on alloxan-induced diabetic rats and their haematological profiles
November 2017
Bryophyllum pinnatum is a known herb found in the tropical region of Africa and other parts of the world. In this study, the ethanol extract of the plant was investigated for possible anti-diabetic effect on alloxan induced hyperglycaemic wistar albino rats. Phytochemical studies revealed that Flavonoids and alkaloids were highly abundant compared to steroids and terpenoids which were slightly present while glycosides...
Assessment of Brazilian pharmacy students' perception of their level of preparedness for pharmaceutical practice
October 2017
The teaching model based on objective, measurable, and linear knowledge no longer seems to be the most appropriate, given the new responsibilities of pharmacists, who should focus their practices on patient care. The objective of the present study was to analyze students' perception about preparedness to pharmacy practice and to patient-centered care, and identify experiential training barriers Two discussion groups...
Hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves against anti-tubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity in rats
October 2017
Alchornea cordifolia has been shown to be hepatoprotective against hepatotoxicity induced by high dose paracetamol in a model animal. However, its hepatoprotective effects against the hepatotoxicity induced by anti-tubercular drugs have not yet been studied, whereas anti-tubercular drugs are known to be hepatotoxic at therapeutic dose. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of a methanol...
The effect of vanadium on rat hypercholesterolemia in the presence and absence of statins
October 2017
Vanadium may or may not be a cholesterol-lowering agent. It could potentially be used as an additional therapy or alone in therapies for treatment of dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vanadium on hypercholesterolemia in the presence and absence of statins. Sixty rats were divided into five groups. The first group was kept on a normal diet and the second group was kept on a high fat diet. The...
A review of clinical pharmacokinetics of chloroquine and primaquine and their application in malaria treatment in Thai population
October 2017
The blood schizontocidal chloroquine (CQ) and the tissue schizontocidal and gametocytocidal primaquine (PQ) remain the mainstay treatment of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections for more than six decades. The review focuses on the clinical pharmacokinetic studies of both drugs in Thai population that have provided useful information for clinical application in the treatment of malaria. There appears to...
Production of gastro-resistant coated tablets prepared from the hydroethanolic standardized roots extract of Harpagophytum procumbens DC.
October 2017
This project aimed at developing a gastro-resistant coated tablet using traditional herbal medicine dry extract from the secondary roots of the plant species Harpagophytum procumbens DC. (Pedaliaceae), standardized in harpagoside 20%, popularly known as "devil's claw". The tablets were produced by direct compression and coated with the gastro-resistant dispersion. Accelerated and long-term stability...
Preparation and evaluation of carbopol coated maize starch: A novel multifunctional excipient
October 2017
The aim of this study was to enhance the classical adjuvant functionality of maize starch (Mst) by co-processing with small quantities of carbopol 974P (CaPol). A pre-processed maize starch (MpS) was coated with different concentrations of CaPol corresponding to 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 %w/w and spray-dried at controlled conditions to produce the CaPol-coated motifs (MpS-CaPol). The relevant physicochemical and...
Evaluation of some metabolic activities and immuno-stimulatory potential of methanolic seed extract of Garcinia kola (Heckel) in female albino Wistar rats
October 2017
Evaluation of some metabolic activities and immuno-stimulatory potential of the methanolic seed extract of Garcinia kola (Heckel) in female albino Wistar rats was carried out using standard methods. Animals in treated groups were administered 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively of the extract through the oral route for 21 days. The control group received normal saline (0.5 ml/100 g body weight) for the same...
Knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacists in relation to cholesterol screening in Delta State, Nigeria
September 2017
Elevated level of cholesterol is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Community pharmacies are considered as ideal settings to provide screening services for chronic medical conditions. An adequate knowledge and a positive attitude towards cholesterol screening would increase pharmacist’s involvement in cholesterol lowering interventions and referrals. The objective of this study was to...
Health care providers’ knowledge, attitude and experience of adverse drug reaction reporting
September 2017
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a noxious and undesirable reaction to drugs at dosage normally used in humans for diagnosis, treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or ailments. Spontaneous reporting is currently the major back bone for the detection of adverse drug reactions. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health professionals towards ADR reporting in Boru Meda Hospital,...
Detoxification potentials of an alcoholic bitter on carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage in wistar albino rats
September 2017
The increased demand for herbal remedies and natural quest for alcohol consumption has positioned alcoholic herbal preparations (bitters) as ideal drink. Bitters are acclaimed to have blood detoxifying and liver cleansing potentials. This study investigated the acclaimed detoxifying potentials of an alcoholic bitter (AB) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Twenty five male Wistar albino rats were grouped...
Investigation of antihypertensive effect of Nigerian varieties of Solanum lycopersicon on rats
September 2017
Hypertension remains a global challenge even in the 21st century with attendant increase in mortality rate. The quest for alternative management medications suffixed this investigation using three varieties. Thirty male hypertension induced wistar rats divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each were used. Group A served as the normal control group and was administered 0.9% normal saline as placebo. Group B, C and D were fed...
Administration of gentamicin-induced hematobiochemical and renal morphological alterations in Swiss albino mice
September 2017
Gentamicin is widely used as an effective antibiotic. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of intramuscular administration of gentamicin on 20, 5 to 6 weeks male Swiss albino mice weighing 25 to 30 g. The mice were divided into 4 groups: Group A (kept as control); groups B, C and D (treated with gentamicin intramuscularly daily at the dose rate of 5 mg/kg for 7 days, 5 mg/kg for 30 days, and 10 mg/kg for 30...
Scrotal circumference and body measurements of Yankasa rams following exposure to Cypermethrin
September 2017
This work was designed to access reproductive status of Cypermethrin treated rams by measuring the scrotal circumference, live weight, live testicular width and length as well as some physiological parameters to determine its reproductive and general toxicity in Yankasa rams. Sixteen rams aged 18 to 30 months and weighing between 21.5 and 46.5 kg were used for this study. The 16 rams were divided equally into two...
Effect of ayurvedic preparation 'Mrityunjay' in digoxin-induced arrhythmic rats
September 2017
Mrityunjay is a plant based ayurvedic preparation which is used in the treatment of high blood pressure as well as other cardiovascular diseases. It comprises of significant cardioprotective constituents. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Mrityunjay on digoxin-induced arrhythmia and lipid profile in rats. Rats were orally pre-treated with Mrityunjay at the doses of 0.28 and 2.8 mL/kg b.w. for...
Anti-inflammatory and non ulcerogenic activities of acetylbergenin
September 2017
Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec. (Humiriaceae), the Brazilian Amazon plant, is used in folk medicine to treat arthritis and gastric ulcer. Bergenin, one of the chemical constituents of E. uchi, has anti-inflammatory properties. Its acetylation results in acetylbergenin, which is extracted to investigate its potential anti-inflammatory and antiulcer properties using an assay for croton oil-induced ear edema, rat paw...
Phytochemical screening and toxicity profiles of crude extracts of Cissus quadrangularis L. and Solunum incanum L. in mice
September 2017
Plant derived bioactive molecules are always in demand and are the main focus of research. Despite the growing market demand for herbal medicines, safety of medicinal plants is still a concern. The present work aimed at generating preliminary phytochemical and biosafety information of crude methanolic and chloroform extracts of Cissus quadrangularis L. (aerial parts) and Solunumincanum L. (fruit). Both plants are...
In vivo and in vitro evaluation of antiplasmodial activity of Amasonia campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke
August 2017
In this study, phytochemical screening and evaluation were done for the antiplasmodial activity using in vitro test in Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo test in murine model (Plasmodium berghei) of the crude ethanolic extract of roots of Amasonia campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke (CEEAc), popularly known as mendoca and according to surveys ethnobotanically performed in this study, it is used as antimalarial in the State of...
Evaluation of the colo-protective effects of tadalafil in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis in rats
August 2017
Ulcerative colitis is a serious premalignant condition with a confusing multifactorial pathogenesis. It should warrant all attention by researchers, for exploration of new prophylactic or therapeutic drugs targeting its pathophysiology. The current study was conducted to study the possible role of tadalafil and its potential actions in ulcerative colitis rat model, induced by acetic acid. Forty eight male Wistar albino...
Ozonation process for hazardous drugs molecules in aqueous media
August 2017
This study presents results of ozonation of some different aromatic rings of medicines in aqueous solution. The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of ozone on ring cleavage of drug molecules with an aromatic structure. In this regard, phenobarbital, naphazoline, doxycycline, isoniazid and salbutamol were chosen for exposure to ozone gas overnight. It is proved that ozone can attack the OH groups,...
Chemotherapeutic efficacy of secnidazole-diminazene aceturate combination therapy in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in rats
August 2017
The chemotherapeutic efficacy of secnidazole-diminazene aceturate (SEC-DA) combination therapy was studied in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei with a view of eliminating relapse of infection. Twenty rats grouped into 4 groups (n = 5) were used for the study as follows: uninfected untreated (A), infected untreated (B), infected and treated with diminazene (DA) (3.5 mg/kg) alone intraperitoneum...
In-vivo evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activity of aqueous methanolic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia
August 2017
Many pathological conditions are associated with pain, fever and inflammation. Synthetic drugs available for the treatment of these ailments accompany many unwanted side effect; most prominent of which is the gastric ulcer. Present study was thus aimed at evaluating the analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous methanolic extract of leaves of plant Jatropha gossypifolia. Anti-inflammatory...
Microspheres of insulin-Eudragit complex: Formulation, characterization and in vivo studies
August 2017
Insulin, a hormonal drug for the management of diabetes mellitus has continued to attract attention of many researchers and pharmaceutical formulators for more than a decade. However, its low oral bioavailability due to the activities of intestinal enzymes restricts its route of administration to only the parenteral route. This study was designed to evaluate the capacity of mucoadhesive microspheres formulated with...
Level and determinants of pharmacovigilance programme awareness in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis
August 2017
Previous studies have reported poor awareness of the Pharmacovigilance Programme (PP) among health professionals in Nigeria but similar information on the general population is unavailable. This study was designed to investigate the individual and contextual factors associated with awareness of the PP among the general population. The study utilised data collected in the 2012 National HIV and AIDS and Reproductive...
Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of microbial isolates from fish ponds: A study in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana
July 2017
Intensive use of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture provides a selective pressure creating reservoirs of drug-resistant bacteria and transferable resistance genes in fish pathogens and other bacteria in the aquatic environment. From these reservoirs, resistance genes may disseminate by horizontal gene transfer and reach human pathogens, or drug-resistant pathogens from the aquatic environment may reach humans directly....
Physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxic effect of the methanolic extract of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth (Euphorbiaceae)
July 2017
Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth is an endemic specie in northeast of Brazil. It is renowned for its medicinal properties, larvicidal and insecticidal actions. This work investigated the chemical compounds present in the methanolic extract of Croton heliotropiifolius and the cytotoxic activity. Physical-chemical analyses were performed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),...
Medication incidents related to feeding tube: A cross-sectional study
July 2017
The aim is to evaluate the medication incidents relating to incorrect oral medication preparation and administration through enteral feeding tubes in hospitalized patients. A cross-sectional design was used to observe 374 doses of medications at three Brazilian hospitals. The patients consisted mostly of females (48.6%), elderly (65.71%), using polyurethane tubes (82.9%), with jejunal access (82.9%), and circulatory...
Nutritional pharmacological and toxicological characteristics of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus): A review of the literature
July 2017
Studies on the cacti of the genera, Hylocereus Tropical and Subtropical America are scarce. Cultivation and consumption of different species and varieties of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) may represent a source of diversified agricultural activity since these species contain rich bioactive compounds that add a rustic beauty to the cultivation of the fruit in addition to the benefits they bring to the health of the...
Role of Meloxicam as a selective inhibitor of COX-2 in the inhibition of Ehrlich solid tumor growth
July 2017
High levels of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and its metabolites, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are generated in inflammatory conditions and, eventually, can contribute to neoplasms growth, justifying, in certain malignancies. COX occurs in two major isoforms, physiologically as isoform COX-1 and during inflammation as COX-2. In certain neoplasms, benefits are reported with the use of the selective COX-2 inhibitor...
“Environmental ritalinizationâ€: Brain structural changes after exposition to methylphenidate residues
July 2017
Methylphenidate, marketed as Ritalin, is an emerged pollutant found in wastewater. Methylphenidate exposure at pharmacological doses can modify brain metabolism, however, the consequences of environmental residues remains to be elucidated. This work presents the results of a chronic exposure to methylphenidate residual levels (0.1875 and 1.875 µg/L) consistent with the amount found in the environment. Animals were...
Formulation of a herbal extract for anemia treatment and its effect on physical work and intelligence capacity in adolescent girls with iron deficiency in India
June 2017
Iron deficiency anemia poses a burden on the limited health care delivery system in India. Current pharmacological anti anemic agents cause undesirable side effect such as nausea, vomiting and dark stool. Herbal extract as a nutritional support therapy offer the potential for alternative treatment strategies. In this context, the goal of this study was to provide plant extract formulation for anemia treatment in...
In vitro activity of selected Ghanaian medicinal plants against parasites: Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and Naegleria fowleri
June 2017
Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are parasitic protozoa that cause gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea and dysentery. Naegleria fowleri is a free living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. However, there are limited treatments for these parasitic diseases. Extracts, fractions from extracts and some isolated compounds from selected Ghanaian medicinal plants were screened against...
Pharmaceutical care supported by the evidencing of “in vitro†interactions with the use of aminoglycosides and penicillins in patients affected by Enterococcus sp
June 2017
Since antimicrobials are used to fight infectious diseases, their proper use is a major world concern. The use of more than one medicine in the treatment of infectious disease is controversial hence the association therapy is used empirically to treat severe infections when one antimicrobial alone is not sufficient to account for all possible pathogens involved in the infection. The importance of understanding the...
A qualitative evaluation of new emerging role and challenges for community pharmacist in Pakistan: A case study report
June 2017
To evaluate the new emerging role of community pharmacist and the challenges they are facing among the profession and public. A qualitative study approach was adopted in three different cities of Pakistan for a period of four months; a questionnaire based interview guide was developed after extensively reviewing the literature and utilized to collect the data. The respondents were community pharmacists and all the...
Perception, knowledge and use of antibiotic among communities in Chad
May 2017
Chad is a country where self-medication and use of antibiotic without medical prescriptions are still observed. These practices lead to the apparent emergence of resistance to antibiotics for bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the abusive and inappropriate use of antibiotics among the communities. The surveys were conducted in N'Djamena and Moundou, two major cities of Chad. All the respondents were aged...
Hepatocurative effect of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on some antioxidants and haematological indices of acetaminophen-challenged Wistar albino rats
May 2017
Hibiscus sabdariffa is among the medicinal plants which have been shown to possess several medicinal properties. The present study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and haematological properties of the aqueous leaf extract of H. sabdariffa on acetaminophen-challenged liver using rat model. Twenty (20) Wistar albino rats were used for this study and were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 rats were...
Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of the essential oil of Eugenia dysenterica DC.
May 2017
This paper describes the anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of Eugenia dysenterica DC. (O. Berg. (Myrtaceae) essential oils from leaves (EOED). EOED were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The main constituents of EOED were caryophyllene oxide...
In vitro antioxidant activity of diazenyl schiff base molecules
May 2017
A series of several diazenyl schiff base molecules were designed and synthesized through azo coupling of diazotised primary amines with the novel synthesized schiff base ligand (E)-N-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-4-phenylthiazol-2-amine. All the synthesized molecules have been characterized by different spectral techniques for their structural confirmation. The results of in vitro antioxidant activity of the...
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract from atemoya (Annona cherimola Mill x Annona squamosa L.)
May 2017
Atemoya, from family Annonaceae, is an interspecific hybrid between Annona cherimola Mill and Annona squamosa L. It is a tree from a region in diversity of plants, the Caatinga, one of the main Brazilian biomes. In this research, the effects of ethanolic extract of atemoya (Acs-EtOH) were investigated in relief of pain and inflammation in experimental models in rodents. The evaluation of antinociceptive activity was...
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of leaves of Chromolaena odorata L. (King and Robinson)
May 2017
This study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the aqueous extract of leaves of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) collected in Brazzaville-Congo. Acute inflammation was induced by using the carrageenan and formaldehyde models, and chronic inflammation by the cotton pellet induced granuloma model. Analgesic effect was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing, the pressure induced by the...
Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigations of different fractions of the methanolic extract of Corchorus capsularis leaves
May 2017
The purpose of this study was to understand and investigate the phytochemical and antimicrobial effects of different fractions of the methanolic extract of Corchorus capsularis leaf. For the extraction of lipophilic compounds with the help of methanol solvent system, cold extraction process was used, where the grinded coarse powder of the leaf was soaked in methanol and kept for four days for proper extraction. After...
Antibacterial potential of the 80% methanol and chloroform extracts of Clematis hirsuta
April 2017
The leaves and roots of Clematis hirsuta Perr and Guill is traditionally applied to heal respiratory tract and for the treatment of various animal diseases in different regions of Ethiopia. The objective of this work is to evaluate the antibacterial activities of C. hirsuta. The leaves were collected and air dried in shade at room temperature, made into powder and was soaked in 80% methanol and chloroforms (1 g: 10 ml)....
A quality control study of ibuprofen tablets available in the formal and informal market in Harare, Zimbabwe
April 2017
This research provided quantitative data for the quality of randomly selected ibuprofen tablets that are sold in both formal and informal market in Harare, Zimbabwe. Fourteen batches of ibuprofen tablets comprising of sixty tablets per batch were randomly selected from retail pharmacies and informal traders over a period of six months. Quality control tests which included physical appearance, uniformity of mass,...
Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effects of the EtOAc extract from Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.
April 2017
The aerial parts of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic are used to treat nephritis, edema and enteritis. Every barber knows that C. bursa-pastoris had a good anti-inflammatory effect. This suggests that the extracted components from C. bursa-pastoris could potentially treat inflammatory disease. For discovering of the anti-inflammatory effects and chemical composition of C. bursa-pastoris, EtOAc extract was extracted...
Irrational use of medications among elderly patients in an Ethiopian referral hospital
April 2017
Geriatric is potentially vulnerable to drug related problems. Inappropriate prescribing to these patient groups causes substantial morbidity and has become an important public health issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prescription practice in geriatrics patients attending medical ward of Dessie Referral Hospital (DRH). A cross sectional study design was used to collect data from patient cards aged...
Riparin III effect on the development of neural tube embryos of Gallus gallus
April 2017
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the teratogenicity of Riparin III in embryos of Gallus gallus (domestic) at an early stage of development. This study is unprecedented in the literature. Chicken eggs were used to investigate the morphometry. All the groups were incubated at 37.2 ± 0.1°C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity for 24 h. The embryonic disc was identified and the eggs of the control group...
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