Evaluation of the colo-protective effects of tadalafil in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis in rats
August 2017
Ulcerative colitis is a serious premalignant condition with a confusing multifactorial pathogenesis. It should warrant all attention by researchers, for exploration of new prophylactic or therapeutic drugs targeting its pathophysiology. The current study was conducted to study the possible role of tadalafil and its potential actions in ulcerative colitis rat model, induced by acetic acid. Forty eight male Wistar albino...
Ozonation process for hazardous drugs molecules in aqueous media
August 2017
This study presents results of ozonation of some different aromatic rings of medicines in aqueous solution. The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of ozone on ring cleavage of drug molecules with an aromatic structure. In this regard, phenobarbital, naphazoline, doxycycline, isoniazid and salbutamol were chosen for exposure to ozone gas overnight. It is proved that ozone can attack the OH groups,...
Chemotherapeutic efficacy of secnidazole-diminazene aceturate combination therapy in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in rats
August 2017
The chemotherapeutic efficacy of secnidazole-diminazene aceturate (SEC-DA) combination therapy was studied in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei with a view of eliminating relapse of infection. Twenty rats grouped into 4 groups (n = 5) were used for the study as follows: uninfected untreated (A), infected untreated (B), infected and treated with diminazene (DA) (3.5 mg/kg) alone intraperitoneum...
In-vivo evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activity of aqueous methanolic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia
August 2017
Many pathological conditions are associated with pain, fever and inflammation. Synthetic drugs available for the treatment of these ailments accompany many unwanted side effect; most prominent of which is the gastric ulcer. Present study was thus aimed at evaluating the analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous methanolic extract of leaves of plant Jatropha gossypifolia. Anti-inflammatory...
Microspheres of insulin-Eudragit complex: Formulation, characterization and in vivo studies
August 2017
Insulin, a hormonal drug for the management of diabetes mellitus has continued to attract attention of many researchers and pharmaceutical formulators for more than a decade. However, its low oral bioavailability due to the activities of intestinal enzymes restricts its route of administration to only the parenteral route. This study was designed to evaluate the capacity of mucoadhesive microspheres formulated with...
Level and determinants of pharmacovigilance programme awareness in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis
August 2017
Previous studies have reported poor awareness of the Pharmacovigilance Programme (PP) among health professionals in Nigeria but similar information on the general population is unavailable. This study was designed to investigate the individual and contextual factors associated with awareness of the PP among the general population. The study utilised data collected in the 2012 National HIV and AIDS and Reproductive...
Physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxic effect of the methanolic extract of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth (Euphorbiaceae)
July 2017
Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth is an endemic specie in northeast of Brazil. It is renowned for its medicinal properties, larvicidal and insecticidal actions. This work investigated the chemical compounds present in the methanolic extract of Croton heliotropiifolius and the cytotoxic activity. Physical-chemical analyses were performed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),...
Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of microbial isolates from fish ponds: A study in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana
July 2017
Intensive use of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture provides a selective pressure creating reservoirs of drug-resistant bacteria and transferable resistance genes in fish pathogens and other bacteria in the aquatic environment. From these reservoirs, resistance genes may disseminate by horizontal gene transfer and reach human pathogens, or drug-resistant pathogens from the aquatic environment may reach humans directly....
Medication incidents related to feeding tube: A cross-sectional study
July 2017
The aim is to evaluate the medication incidents relating to incorrect oral medication preparation and administration through enteral feeding tubes in hospitalized patients. A cross-sectional design was used to observe 374 doses of medications at three Brazilian hospitals. The patients consisted mostly of females (48.6%), elderly (65.71%), using polyurethane tubes (82.9%), with jejunal access (82.9%), and circulatory...
Nutritional pharmacological and toxicological characteristics of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus): A review of the literature
July 2017
Studies on the cacti of the genera, Hylocereus Tropical and Subtropical America are scarce. Cultivation and consumption of different species and varieties of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) may represent a source of diversified agricultural activity since these species contain rich bioactive compounds that add a rustic beauty to the cultivation of the fruit in addition to the benefits they bring to the health of the...
Role of Meloxicam as a selective inhibitor of COX-2 in the inhibition of Ehrlich solid tumor growth
July 2017
High levels of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and its metabolites, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are generated in inflammatory conditions and, eventually, can contribute to neoplasms growth, justifying, in certain malignancies. COX occurs in two major isoforms, physiologically as isoform COX-1 and during inflammation as COX-2. In certain neoplasms, benefits are reported with the use of the selective COX-2 inhibitor...
“Environmental ritalinizationâ€: Brain structural changes after exposition to methylphenidate residues
July 2017
Methylphenidate, marketed as Ritalin, is an emerged pollutant found in wastewater. Methylphenidate exposure at pharmacological doses can modify brain metabolism, however, the consequences of environmental residues remains to be elucidated. This work presents the results of a chronic exposure to methylphenidate residual levels (0.1875 and 1.875 µg/L) consistent with the amount found in the environment. Animals were...
Formulation of a herbal extract for anemia treatment and its effect on physical work and intelligence capacity in adolescent girls with iron deficiency in India
June 2017
Iron deficiency anemia poses a burden on the limited health care delivery system in India. Current pharmacological anti anemic agents cause undesirable side effect such as nausea, vomiting and dark stool. Herbal extract as a nutritional support therapy offer the potential for alternative treatment strategies. In this context, the goal of this study was to provide plant extract formulation for anemia treatment in...
In vitro activity of selected Ghanaian medicinal plants against parasites: Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and Naegleria fowleri
June 2017
Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are parasitic protozoa that cause gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea and dysentery. Naegleria fowleri is a free living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. However, there are limited treatments for these parasitic diseases. Extracts, fractions from extracts and some isolated compounds from selected Ghanaian medicinal plants were screened against...
Pharmaceutical care supported by the evidencing of “in vitro†interactions with the use of aminoglycosides and penicillins in patients affected by Enterococcus sp
June 2017
Since antimicrobials are used to fight infectious diseases, their proper use is a major world concern. The use of more than one medicine in the treatment of infectious disease is controversial hence the association therapy is used empirically to treat severe infections when one antimicrobial alone is not sufficient to account for all possible pathogens involved in the infection. The importance of understanding the...
A qualitative evaluation of new emerging role and challenges for community pharmacist in Pakistan: A case study report
June 2017
To evaluate the new emerging role of community pharmacist and the challenges they are facing among the profession and public. A qualitative study approach was adopted in three different cities of Pakistan for a period of four months; a questionnaire based interview guide was developed after extensively reviewing the literature and utilized to collect the data. The respondents were community pharmacists and all the...
Hepatocurative effect of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on some antioxidants and haematological indices of acetaminophen-challenged Wistar albino rats
May 2017
Hibiscus sabdariffa is among the medicinal plants which have been shown to possess several medicinal properties. The present study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and haematological properties of the aqueous leaf extract of H. sabdariffa on acetaminophen-challenged liver using rat model. Twenty (20) Wistar albino rats were used for this study and were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 rats were...
Perception, knowledge and use of antibiotic among communities in Chad
May 2017
Chad is a country where self-medication and use of antibiotic without medical prescriptions are still observed. These practices lead to the apparent emergence of resistance to antibiotics for bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the abusive and inappropriate use of antibiotics among the communities. The surveys were conducted in N'Djamena and Moundou, two major cities of Chad. All the respondents were aged...
In vitro antioxidant activity of diazenyl schiff base molecules
May 2017
A series of several diazenyl schiff base molecules were designed and synthesized through azo coupling of diazotised primary amines with the novel synthesized schiff base ligand (E)-N-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-4-phenylthiazol-2-amine. All the synthesized molecules have been characterized by different spectral techniques for their structural confirmation. The results of in vitro antioxidant activity of the...
Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of the essential oil of Eugenia dysenterica DC.
May 2017
This paper describes the anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of Eugenia dysenterica DC. (O. Berg. (Myrtaceae) essential oils from leaves (EOED). EOED were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The main constituents of EOED were caryophyllene oxide...
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract from atemoya (Annona cherimola Mill x Annona squamosa L.)
May 2017
Atemoya, from family Annonaceae, is an interspecific hybrid between Annona cherimola Mill and Annona squamosa L. It is a tree from a region in diversity of plants, the Caatinga, one of the main Brazilian biomes. In this research, the effects of ethanolic extract of atemoya (Acs-EtOH) were investigated in relief of pain and inflammation in experimental models in rodents. The evaluation of antinociceptive activity was...
Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigations of different fractions of the methanolic extract of Corchorus capsularis leaves
May 2017
The purpose of this study was to understand and investigate the phytochemical and antimicrobial effects of different fractions of the methanolic extract of Corchorus capsularis leaf. For the extraction of lipophilic compounds with the help of methanol solvent system, cold extraction process was used, where the grinded coarse powder of the leaf was soaked in methanol and kept for four days for proper extraction. After...
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of leaves of Chromolaena odorata L. (King and Robinson)
May 2017
This study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the aqueous extract of leaves of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) collected in Brazzaville-Congo. Acute inflammation was induced by using the carrageenan and formaldehyde models, and chronic inflammation by the cotton pellet induced granuloma model. Analgesic effect was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing, the pressure induced by the...
A quality control study of ibuprofen tablets available in the formal and informal market in Harare, Zimbabwe
April 2017
This research provided quantitative data for the quality of randomly selected ibuprofen tablets that are sold in both formal and informal market in Harare, Zimbabwe. Fourteen batches of ibuprofen tablets comprising of sixty tablets per batch were randomly selected from retail pharmacies and informal traders over a period of six months. Quality control tests which included physical appearance, uniformity of mass,...
Antibacterial potential of the 80% methanol and chloroform extracts of Clematis hirsuta
April 2017
The leaves and roots of Clematis hirsuta Perr and Guill is traditionally applied to heal respiratory tract and for the treatment of various animal diseases in different regions of Ethiopia. The objective of this work is to evaluate the antibacterial activities of C. hirsuta. The leaves were collected and air dried in shade at room temperature, made into powder and was soaked in 80% methanol and chloroforms (1 g: 10 ml)....
Irrational use of medications among elderly patients in an Ethiopian referral hospital
April 2017
Geriatric is potentially vulnerable to drug related problems. Inappropriate prescribing to these patient groups causes substantial morbidity and has become an important public health issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prescription practice in geriatrics patients attending medical ward of Dessie Referral Hospital (DRH). A cross sectional study design was used to collect data from patient cards aged...
Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effects of the EtOAc extract from Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.
April 2017
The aerial parts of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic are used to treat nephritis, edema and enteritis. Every barber knows that C. bursa-pastoris had a good anti-inflammatory effect. This suggests that the extracted components from C. bursa-pastoris could potentially treat inflammatory disease. For discovering of the anti-inflammatory effects and chemical composition of C. bursa-pastoris, EtOAc extract was extracted...
Appraisal of antioxidant capacity and phytochemical screening in aqueous and acetone extracts of vegetables grown in Bhimber AJK, Pakistan
April 2017
The study was carried out to assess the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical constituents of acetone and water extracts of the vegetables irrigated with fresh and waste water such as Raphanus sativus (Radish), Brassica oleracea capitata (Cabbage), Brassica rapa (Turnip), Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) and Spinacia oleracea (Spinach). A concurrent quantitative investigation of total phenolics, flavonols and flavonoids...
Riparin III effect on the development of neural tube embryos of Gallus gallus
April 2017
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the teratogenicity of Riparin III in embryos of Gallus gallus (domestic) at an early stage of development. This study is unprecedented in the literature. Chicken eggs were used to investigate the morphometry. All the groups were incubated at 37.2 ± 0.1°C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity for 24 h. The embryonic disc was identified and the eggs of the control group...
Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaves extract on liver and kidney damage in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
April 2017
Hibiscus is commonly used traditionally for the treatment of some diseases such as hypertension and as antidiabetic herbal medicine. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of the oral administration of aqueous methanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves (400 mg/Kg) on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats and alteration in liver and kidney functions. The treatment of diabetic rats...
Actual practice of healthcare providers towards prevention and control of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at Borumeda Hospital, Ethiopia
March 2017
Tuberculosis (TB) is the world’s leading curable cause of infectious diseases mortality, with a disproportionate burden of the disease falling on low and middle income countries. In 2013, there was an estimated 9 million incident cases of TB globally and 1.5 million people died from the disease. The estimated number of cases occurred in Asia (56%) and Africa (25%), the incidence rates are highest, driven by high...
Drug-nutrient interaction in prescriptions for enteral feeding at the intensive care unit of a general hospital
March 2017
Patients undergo nutritional therapy so as to prevent malnutrition or worsening of the condition. When they are unable to receive oral nutrition, the most common form of physiological and nutritional therapy is through enteral nutrition (EN). The drug-nutrient interaction is described as occurring changes in the kinetics or dynamics of the drug or nutrient administered. The purpose of this study is to describe...
Nigella sativa L. oil ameliorates insulin resistance caused by dexamethasone treatment in male Wistar rats
March 2017
Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid that may alter glucose and lipid homeostasis depending on the dose and/or duration of administration. Nigella sativa oil (NSO) can be used as potential modulator of intermediary glucose and lipid metabolism. Herein, the authors evaluated the dose-dependent effects of NSO (0.2 and 0.4 ml/kg body weight) supplementation on plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride...
Pharmacological profile of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants
March 2017
The non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants have been approved since 2008 for the prevention of systemic embolism and stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation with prior stroke, transient ischemic attack, or CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2. According to the latest guidelines of 2016, if CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 for all male patients or if CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3 for all female patients, oral...
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic fraction of total ethereal leaf extract of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae)
February 2017
Annona senegalensis leaves are used in African Traditional Medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. This study aimed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of total ethereal leaf extract (TEE) of A. senegalensis and its methanolic fraction (MF). Experiments were performed in acetic acid induced contortions in mice and carrageenan rat paw edema. The preventive effect of TEE (100 mg/kg,...
Essential oil compositions of leaf, stem-bark, stem, root, flower, and fruit with seed of Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae)
February 2017
Essential oils from six different parts of Blighia unijugata Bak., were obtained using Clevenger-type apparatus; they gave yields between 0.061 and 0.824%. Chemical constituents of the oils were determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis show forty-seven compounds are present in the leaf oil, twenty-one compounds are in stem-bark, twenty-four in stem oil, sixteen in...
Identification and quantification of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in Cynara scolymus L. tablets and capsules
February 2017
Cynara scolymus L. leaves, popularly known as globe artichoke, have cholagogue and choleretic properties which are attributed to caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Although, there are already pharmacopoeial methods for quality control of artichoke dry leaf extract, it only shows the assessment of chlorogenic acid determination. This study aimed to adapt and validate a method for simultaneous determination of...
Study of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of four common Nepalese kitchen spices
February 2017
Given the alarming incidence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria of medical importance and multiple side effects associated with the modern day chemotherapeutics, there is a constant need for new and effective therapeutic agents that could be easily extracted from our daily used Nepalese culinary. To study the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of common spices, locally available Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus),...
Pharmacological, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and diagnostic applications of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae and bacteria
February 2017
Marine environment with rich biodiversity offer unlimited choice for novel biopolymers. Sulfated polysaccharides isolated from marine algae and bacteria constitute an important group in the marine-derived biomolecules and biopolymers. They possess unique structural features which can be exploited to their fullest potential in the development of new therapeutic molecules, design of nanocarriers and stimuli-responsive...
Antipseudomonal potential of Colophospermum mopane and Acrotome inflata, medicinal plants indigenous to Namibia
February 2017
Plants with diverse therapeutic properties are indigenous to Namibia. Concoctions of Colophospermum mopane and Acrotome inflata are widely used traditionally in the management of respiratory, gastrointestinal and wound infections. Limited studies have validated these traditional uses particularly against resistant bacteria strains such as Pseudomonas spp. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity and...
Antiplasmodial activity of Vernonia cinerea Less (Asteraceae), a plant used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso to treat malaria
February 2017
Research and development of new antiplasmodial molecules in plant is a very important way for the development of new anti-malarial drugs. In this study, Vernonia cinerea Less (Asteraceae) was selected for its promising antiplasmodial activity because it is traditionally used in Burkina Faso to treat malaria. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiplasmodial activity of this whole plant. Five crude extracts of...
Impact of liraglutide versus atorvastatin on cardiovascular changes in rat model of adenine induced chronic renal failure
January 2017
The prevalence of cardiovascular changes markedly increases with deterioration of patient's renal function and can stack up 65 to 70% in end-stage renal disease. A rapid fall in renal function is often associated with uncontrolled congestive heart failure. Beyond their lipid-lowering effect, statins have been shown to protect the heart in different diseases. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue,...
Use of phytoterapics and medicines without professional prescription in a municipality Potiguar, Brazil
January 2017
The use of herbal medicines or drugs without professional prescription is a recurrent practice in several regions of Brazil. This action generates risks to the user, such as intoxication, masking of disease symptoms and important pharmacological interactions. The objective of this study was to analyze the profile of phytotherapeutic and drug use, without professional prescription, among residents of the municipality of...
Investigation of biological activities of Jasminum matthewii
January 2017
The crude methanol extract of leaves of Jasminum matthewii as well as its hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates were subjected to screening for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-diarrheal and central nervous system depressant activity assays. The antioxidant potential was evaluated in terms of total phenolic content and free...
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and phytochemical investigation of Borassus flabellifer Linn.
January 2017
The determination of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and isolation of active compounds from Borassus flabellifer Linn. are the main objectives of this study. The colorimetric method and chromatographic technique were done for bioassay and phytochemistry. The results showed that, at concentration of 2 mg/ml, ethyl acetate extract inhibited α-glucosidase equally as positive standard, acarbose as 80% while...
Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of ethanol extract of Ajuga remota Benth (Harmegusa) leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
January 2017
The leaves of Ajuga remota benth have been utilized traditionally for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. However, its use has not been scientifically validated. The present study was therefore, aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of ethanol extract of A. remota leaves in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of...
Determination of bioactive constituents of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel (Asofeyeje) roots using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR)
January 2017
Rauwolfia vomitoria Aftzel belong to the family of Apocynacea with a common name serpent wood and Igbo name as akanta. It is used traditionally to treat hypertension and rheumatoid arthritis. The present study deals with GC-MS determination and FT-IR analysis of methanolic root extract of the named plant. Exactly thirty phytochemical constituents have been identified by comparing the chromatogram peek values of unknown...
Screening of some pyrazole derivatives as promising antileishmanial agent
January 2017
Pyrazole derivatives (I-VII) were prepared in good yields using aldol condensation followed by cyclization and were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In vitro antileishmanial activity test was conducted using Alamar blue reduction method. The test revealed that the synthesized compounds (except compound IIb) exhibit better antileishmanial activity than the standard drug miltefosine and...
Acute oral toxicity of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. ethanolic extract in albino mice
January 2017
This study was carried out to determine acute oral toxicity and histopathological effects associated with consumption of Euphorbia heterophylla ethanolic extract using 9 to 10 weeks old Albino mice randomized in six groups. The five groups were orally administered with single graded doses of plant extract at 1500, 2000, 2500, 3500 and 4000 mg/kg body weight while the sixth group was administered 1 ml of physiological...
Anti-ulcerogenic evaluation of the fractions of the ethanol layer of the chloroform-ethanol extract of the leaves of Dacryodes edulis
January 2017
In traditional medicine, the leaves of Dacryodes edulis are utilised in the treatment of gastric ulcer and hence, the chloroform and ethanol layers of the chloroform-ethanol extract of the leaves of D. edulis were evaluated for their anti-oxidant vitamin contents and proximate compositions. Based on preliminary investigations, the more promising layer (ethanol layer) was further fractionated and the effects of the...
Page 6 of 46, showing 50 records out of 2285 total, starting on record 251, ending on 300
Advertisement
Advertisement
