Rational and experiential decision-making preferences of pharmacy students in Karachi, Pakistan
July 2019
This study was conducted to examine the rational (systematic and rule-based) and experiential (fast and intuitive) thinking preferences of pharmacy students. This may assist in formulating learning and teaching tactics for decision-making leading to safe and optimized patient care services. Here, a validated psychometric tool, that is, the Rational Experiential Inventory (REI-40) survey was used. It was distributed to...
Effect of amodiaquine on the pharmacokinetics of gliclazide in diabetic subjects
June 2019
The study aims at investigating the effect of amodiaquine on the pharmacokinetic profile of gliclazide. It is a one-way single dose cross-over study in two phases. Six freshly diagnosed diabetic volunteers were used. The subjects acted as their own control, and each phase was preceded by an overnight fast. Phase 1 of the study involved the administration of a single oral dose of 80 mg of gliclazide after an overnight...
Sex differences in the neuroprotective effect of insulin against chemically-induced convulsions in mice
June 2019
Insulin, an important regulator of peripheral metabolism, has been reported to interact with many neurotransmitter systems including those associated with convulsion. The effect of insulin against pentylenetetrazole and strychnine-induced convulsions in mice, as well as possible sex differences, were evaluated in this study. Mice of both sexes weighing between 20 and 25 g were administered insulin intraperitoneally at...
Myorelaxant effect of aqueous root bark extract of Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl. is mediated through activation of nitric oxide synthase
June 2019
Many patients in Africa often utilize herbal medicine for the management of hyperactive gut disorders such as diarrhea and abdominal colic. There is therefore a need to scientifically evaluate efficacy of this herbal remedies. This study investigated the myorelaxant effect of Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl and its possible mechanism of action using isolated rabbit jejunum preparations. Pieces of jejunum were isolated...
Nanotechnology: A non-invasive diagnosis and therapeutic tool for brain disorders
June 2019
Presently, nanotechnology appears as a powerful and innovative tool in the medical field. It has various advantages over the conventional drug therapy such as therapeutic specificity, has less side effects, reduces dose of drug, has more precise treatment and can access the inaccessible areas of the body like brain, tumor cells, etc. The human brain is the most complicated part of the body which is highly protected with...
Effects of anti-hyperglicemic of yacon leaf (Smallanthus sonchifolius) ethanolic extracts using zebrafish as a model
May 2019
This study aims to investigate the anti-hyperglicemic effects of yacon leaf (Smallanthus sonchifolius) using zebrafish. In this study, zebrafish is used as a model, with alloxan compounds to induce hyperglicemic. The induction stage consists of 3 phases: in the first the zebra was induced at 0.3% for 30 min, in the second stage, it was transferred to a 3% D-glucose solution for 30 min, and in the last, immersion was...
Flavonoids in neuropathic pain management: A new player on an old target
May 2019
Neuropathic pain is the consequence of abnormal processing in the peripheral or central nervous system (CNS) elicited by neuronal injury. Due to its heterogeneous nature and important unwanted adverse effects of the commonly prescribed psychoactive drugs like benzodiazepines (BDZ), the treatment of neuropathic pain has remained a challenge for the scientific community. Flavonoids initially isolated from plants and used...
Effect of Parkia biglobosa extract on open skin wound healing in dexamethasone- induced hyperglycaemia and histological assessment in rats
May 2019
Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus (GIDM) is an abnormal increase in blood glucose associated with the use of glucocorticoids in a patient with or without a prior history of diabetes mellitus. This is a common and potentially harmful problem in clinical practice, affecting almost all medical specialties, but is often diffi¬cult to detect in clinical settings. The objective of this study was to determine...
Neferine and isoliensinine from Nelumbo nucifera induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in colorectal cancer HCT-15 cells
May 2019
Several scientific reports documented the potent anti-cancer effect of various natural products such as curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveretrol via the rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dysfunction of anti-apoptotic gene expressions. The present study evaluated the anticancer potential of lotus derived alkaloids, neferine and isoliensinine on colorectal cancer HCT-15 (CRCs) cells....
Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec, a medicinal plant with potential anti-inflammatory activity: A review of its phytochemistry and biological activities
April 2019
Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec. is a tree found in the Brazilian Amazon, whose barks are used in folk medicine as an alternative treatment for inflammatory-related diseases. This review, performed using current available international scientific literature, aimed to survey biological activities reported from E. uchi, and describes its phytochemistry. In folk medicine, the barks are used to treat a range of conditions...
Medicines prescribing pattern in northern Ghana: does it comply with WHO recommendations for prescribing indicators?
March 2019
The prescribing of medicines is critical in the treatment of diseases in general practice. Inappropriate prescribing can negatively influence the goals of treatment, which makes the assessment of the patterns of prescriptions essential. The objective of this study was to assess the medicines prescribing pattern in health facilities in the Northern Ghana, a developing economy in Africa, using the prescribing indicators...
Antibacterial resistance modulatory properties of selected medicinal plants from Ghana
March 2019
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious challenge to human and animal health and all efforts are being put together to resolve the menace. In this study the antibiotic resistance modifying activity of ten plants was established by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the plant extracts, the MICs of the antibiotics alone (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and tetracycline) and...
Effect of Maytenus senegalensis roots on OVA-induced airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model
March 2019
The present work is focused on the evaluation of the Maytenus senegalensis roots effect on bronchial hyperleukocytosis and the search of its antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo. The roots of M. senegalensis (Celastraceae) are traditionally used for the treatment of cough and asthma. This study evaluates the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the roots of M. senegalensis on the bronchial...
Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by dichloromethanolic fraction from Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill. Et Perr. (Combretaceae) bark of trunk on porcine coronary artery rings: Involvement of [Ca2+]i decreased and phosphodiesterases inhibition
February 2019
Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill. et Perr. belongs to the Combretaceae family and was previously named A. leiocarpa (DC) Guill. Et Perr. It has been widely used in Burkina Faso by traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension. Previous study showed that the dichloromethanolic fraction from the barks of trunk of A. leiocarpa (ALF) has induced an endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent vasodilation...
Rats cholestasis instigated by ð›¼-Naphthylisothiocyanate and the impacts of green tea (Camellia sinensis) antioxidant
February 2019
ð›¼-Naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) is known to provoke liver damage with intrahepatic cholestasis. This ANIT is accepted to be important for assessing the effect of medicine instigated cholestasis. This assessment investigated the effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in contrast to that of Vitamin C (VC) against the hepatotoxicity of ANIT. Rats were orally treated with green tea portion (GT50, 75, 100 mg/kg) and CV...
Good practice guidance to support safe oral medication preparation and administration through feeding tubes
February 2019
The objective of this work is to elaborate good practice guidance, aimed at preparing and administering drugs through feeding tube. This study was performed at a secondary level hospital in the interior of São Paulo state, Southeast Region of Brazil. For the first phase, a literature review was carried out in the following databases: LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and MICROMEDEX® Solutions. A manual search...
Anti-fertility activity of aqueous root bark extracts of Asparagus africanus Lam and Annona senegalensis Pers combination on female Sprague Dawley rats
February 2019
Many rural and poor women have now resorted to use of potential medicinal plants as a means of fertility control. Asparagus africanus Lam and Annona senegalensis Pers are some of the plants used for this purpose. The efficacy and safety of many of such plants, however, have not been verified. Therefore, screening for anti-fertility activity of potential medicinal plants, would thus provide alternative safe and...
Modern approach of treatment on destroyable pathogenicity of malaria parasite: A review article
January 2019
Plasmodium is the malaria parasite that completes the life cycle between two different hosts, such as human and Anopheles mosquito. These parasites go through several developmental stages like exo-erythrocytic stage that is absent in Plasmodium falciparum, so relapses do not occur. The drugs which contain three P’s like proguanil, primaquine, and pyrimethamine kill schizonts in the liver. Due to prolonged...
Improving blood pressure control in patients with pseudoresistant hypertension – A pilot randomized trial
January 2019
This study aims to evaluate the effect of an intervention focused on medication adherence to improve blood at three basic health units in Maceió, Brazil. Patients were followed-up for three months. Primary outcomes were pressure control in patients with pseudoresistant hypertension. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure...
Evaluation of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis use in Ethiopia: Prospective study
December 2018
Appropriate use of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis can prevent approximately 40 to 60% of surgical site infections. Inappropriate use is associated with emergency of antimicrobial resistance, occurrence of side effects and increased health care cost. We aimed to evaluate surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis use of Hawassa...
Preclinical 28 days sub-chronic toxicity study of novel formulation of metoprolol tartrate on albino rats using statistical tool
December 2018
The experimental study mainly focused on evaluation of sub-chronic oral toxicity of sustained formulation of metoprolol succinate. After the formulation development of multiparticulate sustained release capsules, there was an urgent need to analyze their in vivo bioavailability in healthy normal human volunteers. Prior to use in human population, a subchronic oral toxicity study was performed on Swiss Albino rats, of...
A novel green approach for the treatment of immature Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice with; Arabic gum (Acacia senegal); an antischistosomal agent
November 2018
Praziquantel (PZQ), the only common schistosocidal drug in use, is not efficacious for treatment of immature schistosomiasis infection. Arabic gum (AG) is a complex polysaccharide that acts as an anti-oxidant which modulates the inflammatory and/or immunological processes. This study explores for the first time, the antischistosomal properties of AG in mice infected with the immature stage of Schistosoma mansoni (S....
Effects of combination therapy of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark and diminazene aceturate on testicular and haematological changes in Trypanosoma brucei infected male rats
November 2018
The study was done to assess the ameliorative effects of co-administration of methanol extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark and diminazene aceturate on trypanosomosis induced testicular and haematological changes in infected male rat. Twenty five male rats were used in the study and assigned into five groups (n=5). Trypanosoma brucei was inoculated into Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 rats except Group 5. Diminazene aceturate...
The protective effects of Vitamin E and glibenclamide on spermatogenic and haematological changes in alloxan-induced diabetic male rats
November 2018
This study was designed to evaluate the preventive potentials of vitamin E and glibenclamide on spermatogenic and haematological damages in alloxan-induced diabetic male rats. Thirty mature male albino rats randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=6) were used for the study. Diabetes was experimentally induced in groups 1 to 4 while group 5 rats served as the negative control. Rats in groups 1, 2 and 3 were treated with...
Simple bioanalytical method development and validation of micronised Domperidone 20 mg tablets using LCMS-MS and its pharmacokinetic application in Healthy Indian Volunteers
October 2018
The current investigation deals with an validated Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical method for the quantification of micronised domperidone in plasma of human volunteers. The validation of LC-MS/MS method was accomplished by evaluating the inter-day and intra-day precision and accuracy in a linear concentration range of 3.33-100 ng/ml. The entire study was an attempt...
Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell-line T47D studies of metal ion Cu(II) complex with 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole ligand
October 2018
The complex of metal ion Cu(II) with the ligand 2,4,5-trifenilimidazol has been successfully synthesized with mole ratio of metal and ligand 1:2 in N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent. Complex synthesis results obtained green light crystalline solid. Complex absorbs UV-Vis light at 529 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) characterization results indicate occurrence of bonding of metals and ligand that is Cu-N in region...
Physician prescription practice of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infection at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Moshi, Tanzania
October 2018
Upper respiratory tract infection occurs commonly in both children and adults and is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Inappropriate antibiotic prescription for upper respiratory tract infections is associated with increasing antibiotic resistance, healthcare costs, adverse events, and poor patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine physician prescription practices of antibiotics for upper...
Acute skin irritation, acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils in mice and rabbit
September 2018
In Ankober, Northern Ethiopia, Rosmarinus ofï¬cinalis has been commonly used for flavoring foods as a condiment; moreover, the plant has also been widely used for different medicinal purposes. The current study was undertaken to provide data on acute and subacute toxicity in mice as well as skin irritation of R. officinalis essential oil in rabbit. Acute dermal and oral toxicity tests were conducted using limited dose...
Healing effect of the microemulsion enriched with hydroalcoholic extract of Abarema cochliacarpa (Gomes) Barneby & J. W. Grimes (Fabaceae)
September 2018
Abarema cochliocarpa is an endemic plant of Brazil and has been traditionally used as a popular medicine to treat various diseases and mostly as a healing agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing effect of the microemulsion containing hydrometanic fraction of the inner bark (HMF) of the plant, as well as its antioxidant, antitumor and cytotoxic potential. The cytotoxicity of HMF was assessed by the...
Hypoglycemic profile and ameliorative potential of aqueous garlic extract on sperm characteristics in glibenclamide treated diabetic male rats
September 2018
This study was carried out to determine the protective effect of aqueous garlic extract on testicular and spermatogenic changes in glibenclamide treated diabetic male rats. Thirty matured male rats were used in this study and were assigned into five groups of six rats each. Diabetes was induced in groups 1, 2, 3, 5 but not induced in group 4. Rats in group 1 were treated with glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg) daily for 21 days....
Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance gene status in the Horn of Africa: A systematic review
September 2018
Antimalarial drug resistance monitoring is the key factor in malaria control policy for early detection and subsequent prevention of drug resistance spread. This review was performed to collate all available data of P. falciparum resistant genes in the Horn of Africa as a baseline for future appraisal of the regional malaria control policy. The search of this review was performed in January 2018 using the scientific...
Analysis of patient information leaflets on Artemisinin-based combination therapy
September 2018
The objective of this research was to analyze the various patient information leaflets on Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs) sold in Côte-D’Ivoire. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1st to February 20th, 2016, that included all patient information leaflets relating to ACTs registered and marketed in Côte-d’Ivoire. The leaflets were compared to European...
Anti-ulcer and hematological properties of virgin coconut oil (VCO) against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats
August 2018
Previous studies have reported various health benefits of virgin coconut oil (VCO) such as weight management, treatment of burns, infections, improve phagocytic activity, etc. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-ulcer and hematological properties of VCO against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers using rat model. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were used for the study and were divided into 6 groups of...
Extrapyramidal and purgative effects of fluphenazine in turkeys
August 2018
Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic medicine with extrapyramidal effects. It was tested for purgative and neurological effects in turkeys. The results showed that the drug induced purgation at a dose range of 5 to 200 mg/kg body weight causing highest frequency of fecal droppings (7) at 10 mg/kg in 7 min and lowest frequency of dropping (1) at 50 mg/kg. However, the number of fecal droppings was not linearly...
Study on increasing the solubility and dissolution rate of sulfamethoxazole by cyclodextrins
August 2018
The aim of this study was to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) by preparing the inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD). The effect of the type of cyclodextrins used for the preparation of complexes, on the in vitro dissolution profiles and solubilities in different mediums (pH 4.5...
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation to Brazil of the “Medication Counseling Behavior Guidelinesâ€
August 2018
This work aimed to translate cross-culturally adapts, and validate the “Medication Counseling Behavior Guidelines” instrument into Brazilian Portuguese. The process of cross-cultural adaptation was carried out using international recommendations. The generated versions were evaluated for the semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalences and the pre-test was carried out with undergraduate...
Cytotoxic potential of ethanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens on MCF-7, C4-2WT, HT 29 and HTC 116 cell lines
August 2018
The cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of Parquetina nigrescen was investigated using a (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, methylene blue and Trypan Blue exclusion assay on four human cancer cell lines, MCF-7, HT 29, HTC 116 and C4-2WT. A mitochondrial enzyme in living cells, succinate-dehydrogenase cleaves the tetrazolium ring and converts the MTT to an insoluble purple...
Ethnomedicinal plants used for the treatment of gastro-intestinal parasitic diseases in human in Yeki district, Southwest Ethiopia
July 2018
The use of medicinal plants plays a major role in the primary health care of human beings in Ethiopia. A study was carried out to document ethnomedicinal plants used for the treatment of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases of human in Yeki district, southwest Ethiopia. The key informants were selected using purposive sampling method. The information was obtained from 26 informants and 8 herbalists through the use of a...
Assessment of antimalarial activity and proteomics analysis of Dioscorea membranacea Pierre.
July 2018
Multidrug resistance Plasmodium falciparum remains a significant global health problem worldwide. New alternative antimalarial drugs are urgently needed. Dioscorea membranacea Pierre. is a Thai-medicinal plant that has been shown to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. The study aimed to investigate antimalarial activity and possible protein targets of action of the crude ethanolic extract of the rhizome...
Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and kidney protective potential of combined formulation of Tribulus terrestris and Andrographis paniculata in alloxan induced mice
July 2018
The study aims to evaluate the effect of Tribulus terrestris and Andrographis paniculata on body weight, blood glucose, lipid profile and renal protective capability in alloxan induced type-1 diabetic mice. Six groups of five male Swiss Albino mice each, at four weeks of age were used in this experiment. Group-X were fed saline water and Group-Y with combined herbal formulation at a high dose (1 g/kg bwt) to asses...
Antioxidant activity of selenium on bisphenol-induced apoptosis and testicular toxicity of rats
July 2018
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical widely used to make polycarbonate plastics for packaging and epoxy resins. This study sought to examine how selenium (Se) affects BPA toxicity in terms of albino rats’ histological structure, antioxidant enzymes, sexual hormones, and reproductive organs (seminiferous tubule (coiled tubule) diameter, epithelial height and sperm count). Adult male rats were divided into...
Caffeic acid reduces lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species production in adipocytes
June 2018
Caffeic acid (CA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid, a group of natural organic phenolic compounds used in folk medicine and in foods for the prevention and treatment of obesity. CA is present in a variety of plants, as it is an intermediate in secondary metabolism. It is found in coffee, wine and olive oil. The aim of this work was to study the influence of caffeic acid (CA) on the reduction of intracellular lipid...
Utility of silver nanoparticles for the analysis of diosmin and rutin in Persicaria salicifolia extract, authentic and pharmaceutical dosage forms monitored with their haemostatic activity
June 2018
The present work was conducted to evaluate a simple effective technique for spectrophotometric determination of two flavonoids namely diosmin (1) and rutin (2) in the isolated fractions obtained from Persicaria salicifolia, authentic and pharmaceutical dosage forms, the method is based on the reduction of Ag+ cations to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by the effect of these flavonoids in the presence of...
Anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina in Wistar rats
June 2018
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterised by impaired glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia, which is caused by either lack of or resistance to insulin in tissues; this disease causes significant morbidity and mortality largely due to its end–organ complications. Traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus has involved the use of several plant extracts; in this study the efficacy of aqueous leaf...
Neurohistological and immunohistochemical effects of prophylactic ethanolic leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia and Artemether/Lumefantrine on the hippocampus of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
June 2018
The prophylactic effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia, widely used in herbal malarial treatment, was compared against standard drug Coartem® (Artemether/Lumefantrine) in Plasmodium-infected mice was investigated, and thereafter analysed for organosomatic index, parasitemia, histomorphological and immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampus. Twenty male mice about 6 to 8 weeks weighing 20 to 24 g...
Safety and toxicity of aqueous leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Parquetina nigrescens and Telfairia occidentalis in mice
May 2018
Plant extracts as potential phytotherapeutic products are supposed to be safe. However, adverse and untoward fatal effects have been reported. Study aimed to evaluate the safety and toxicity of aqueous extracts of Camellia sinensis, Parquetina nigrescens and Telfairia occidentalis leaves. The extracts were subjected to brine shrimp lethality bioassay and toxicities by Lorke’s method. Mice were given oral...
Dapsone in topical niosomes for treatment of acne vulgaris
May 2018
Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disorder. It affects the pilosebaceous units followed by an overgrowth by Propionibacterium acne bacteria. Dapsone is a sulfone antibiotic with an anti-inflammatory effect, which is considered to be accountable for its effectiveness in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The present study aims to prepare and evaluate the effectiveness of dapsone niosomes for topical application...
Gamma oryzanol loaded microspheres with improved bioavailability
May 2018
Gamma oryzanol is a phytosterol that is extracted from rice bran oil. It is an antioxidant that possesses a curative effect for many diseases. Gamma oryzanol is a water insoluble compound supporting the idea that it has a low bioavailability due to low intestinal absorption. In this study, γ-oryzanol was loaded in biodegradable microspheres. Intestinal absorption of γ-oryzanol from microspheres was compared...
Febuxostat in patients with hyperuricemia and severe chronic kidney disease
May 2018
Febuxostat is a non-purine, selective inhibitor of both isoforms of xanthine oxido-reductase (XOR). Its pharmacokinetics is not dependent on renal clearance, and it may be advantageous in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although febuxostat is effective in patients with mild-to-moderate CKD, its efficacy and safety in patients with severe CKD remain unclear. This retrospective study included patients with an...
In-vitro membrane stabilizing, thrombolytic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Bangladeshi origin Coccinia indica (Cucurbitaceae)
April 2018
This study was made to investigate in-vitro membrane stabilizing, thrombolytic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia indica. Different extractives showed significant membrane stabilizing activity. The ethanol soluble fraction showed (45.36±0.45 % and 64.05±0.22 %) of Red blood cells haemolysis inhibition under heat and hypotonic solution induced conditions,...
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