Acute skin irritation, acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils in mice and rabbit
September 2018
In Ankober, Northern Ethiopia, Rosmarinus ofï¬cinalis has been commonly used for flavoring foods as a condiment; moreover, the plant has also been widely used for different medicinal purposes. The current study was undertaken to provide data on acute and subacute toxicity in mice as well as skin irritation of R. officinalis essential oil in rabbit. Acute dermal and oral toxicity tests were conducted using limited dose...
Healing effect of the microemulsion enriched with hydroalcoholic extract of Abarema cochliacarpa (Gomes) Barneby & J. W. Grimes (Fabaceae)
September 2018
Abarema cochliocarpa is an endemic plant of Brazil and has been traditionally used as a popular medicine to treat various diseases and mostly as a healing agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing effect of the microemulsion containing hydrometanic fraction of the inner bark (HMF) of the plant, as well as its antioxidant, antitumor and cytotoxic potential. The cytotoxicity of HMF was assessed by the...
Hypoglycemic profile and ameliorative potential of aqueous garlic extract on sperm characteristics in glibenclamide treated diabetic male rats
September 2018
This study was carried out to determine the protective effect of aqueous garlic extract on testicular and spermatogenic changes in glibenclamide treated diabetic male rats. Thirty matured male rats were used in this study and were assigned into five groups of six rats each. Diabetes was induced in groups 1, 2, 3, 5 but not induced in group 4. Rats in group 1 were treated with glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg) daily for 21 days....
Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance gene status in the Horn of Africa: A systematic review
September 2018
Antimalarial drug resistance monitoring is the key factor in malaria control policy for early detection and subsequent prevention of drug resistance spread. This review was performed to collate all available data of P. falciparum resistant genes in the Horn of Africa as a baseline for future appraisal of the regional malaria control policy. The search of this review was performed in January 2018 using the scientific...
Analysis of patient information leaflets on Artemisinin-based combination therapy
September 2018
The objective of this research was to analyze the various patient information leaflets on Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs) sold in Côte-D’Ivoire. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1st to February 20th, 2016, that included all patient information leaflets relating to ACTs registered and marketed in Côte-d’Ivoire. The leaflets were compared to European...
Study on increasing the solubility and dissolution rate of sulfamethoxazole by cyclodextrins
August 2018
The aim of this study was to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) by preparing the inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD). The effect of the type of cyclodextrins used for the preparation of complexes, on the in vitro dissolution profiles and solubilities in different mediums (pH 4.5...
Extrapyramidal and purgative effects of fluphenazine in turkeys
August 2018
Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic medicine with extrapyramidal effects. It was tested for purgative and neurological effects in turkeys. The results showed that the drug induced purgation at a dose range of 5 to 200 mg/kg body weight causing highest frequency of fecal droppings (7) at 10 mg/kg in 7 min and lowest frequency of dropping (1) at 50 mg/kg. However, the number of fecal droppings was not linearly...
Anti-ulcer and hematological properties of virgin coconut oil (VCO) against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats
August 2018
Previous studies have reported various health benefits of virgin coconut oil (VCO) such as weight management, treatment of burns, infections, improve phagocytic activity, etc. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-ulcer and hematological properties of VCO against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers using rat model. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were used for the study and were divided into 6 groups of...
Cytotoxic potential of ethanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens on MCF-7, C4-2WT, HT 29 and HTC 116 cell lines
August 2018
The cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of Parquetina nigrescen was investigated using a (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, methylene blue and Trypan Blue exclusion assay on four human cancer cell lines, MCF-7, HT 29, HTC 116 and C4-2WT. A mitochondrial enzyme in living cells, succinate-dehydrogenase cleaves the tetrazolium ring and converts the MTT to an insoluble purple...
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation to Brazil of the “Medication Counseling Behavior Guidelinesâ€
August 2018
This work aimed to translate cross-culturally adapts, and validate the “Medication Counseling Behavior Guidelines” instrument into Brazilian Portuguese. The process of cross-cultural adaptation was carried out using international recommendations. The generated versions were evaluated for the semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalences and the pre-test was carried out with undergraduate...
Assessment of antimalarial activity and proteomics analysis of Dioscorea membranacea Pierre.
July 2018
Multidrug resistance Plasmodium falciparum remains a significant global health problem worldwide. New alternative antimalarial drugs are urgently needed. Dioscorea membranacea Pierre. is a Thai-medicinal plant that has been shown to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. The study aimed to investigate antimalarial activity and possible protein targets of action of the crude ethanolic extract of the rhizome...
Ethnomedicinal plants used for the treatment of gastro-intestinal parasitic diseases in human in Yeki district, Southwest Ethiopia
July 2018
The use of medicinal plants plays a major role in the primary health care of human beings in Ethiopia. A study was carried out to document ethnomedicinal plants used for the treatment of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases of human in Yeki district, southwest Ethiopia. The key informants were selected using purposive sampling method. The information was obtained from 26 informants and 8 herbalists through the use of a...
Antioxidant activity of selenium on bisphenol-induced apoptosis and testicular toxicity of rats
July 2018
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical widely used to make polycarbonate plastics for packaging and epoxy resins. This study sought to examine how selenium (Se) affects BPA toxicity in terms of albino rats’ histological structure, antioxidant enzymes, sexual hormones, and reproductive organs (seminiferous tubule (coiled tubule) diameter, epithelial height and sperm count). Adult male rats were divided into...
Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and kidney protective potential of combined formulation of Tribulus terrestris and Andrographis paniculata in alloxan induced mice
July 2018
The study aims to evaluate the effect of Tribulus terrestris and Andrographis paniculata on body weight, blood glucose, lipid profile and renal protective capability in alloxan induced type-1 diabetic mice. Six groups of five male Swiss Albino mice each, at four weeks of age were used in this experiment. Group-X were fed saline water and Group-Y with combined herbal formulation at a high dose (1 g/kg bwt) to asses...
Caffeic acid reduces lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species production in adipocytes
June 2018
Caffeic acid (CA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid, a group of natural organic phenolic compounds used in folk medicine and in foods for the prevention and treatment of obesity. CA is present in a variety of plants, as it is an intermediate in secondary metabolism. It is found in coffee, wine and olive oil. The aim of this work was to study the influence of caffeic acid (CA) on the reduction of intracellular lipid...
Utility of silver nanoparticles for the analysis of diosmin and rutin in Persicaria salicifolia extract, authentic and pharmaceutical dosage forms monitored with their haemostatic activity
June 2018
The present work was conducted to evaluate a simple effective technique for spectrophotometric determination of two flavonoids namely diosmin (1) and rutin (2) in the isolated fractions obtained from Persicaria salicifolia, authentic and pharmaceutical dosage forms, the method is based on the reduction of Ag+ cations to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by the effect of these flavonoids in the presence of...
Neurohistological and immunohistochemical effects of prophylactic ethanolic leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia and Artemether/Lumefantrine on the hippocampus of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
June 2018
The prophylactic effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia, widely used in herbal malarial treatment, was compared against standard drug Coartem® (Artemether/Lumefantrine) in Plasmodium-infected mice was investigated, and thereafter analysed for organosomatic index, parasitemia, histomorphological and immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampus. Twenty male mice about 6 to 8 weeks weighing 20 to 24 g...
Anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina in Wistar rats
June 2018
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterised by impaired glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia, which is caused by either lack of or resistance to insulin in tissues; this disease causes significant morbidity and mortality largely due to its end–organ complications. Traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus has involved the use of several plant extracts; in this study the efficacy of aqueous leaf...
Safety and toxicity of aqueous leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Parquetina nigrescens and Telfairia occidentalis in mice
May 2018
Plant extracts as potential phytotherapeutic products are supposed to be safe. However, adverse and untoward fatal effects have been reported. Study aimed to evaluate the safety and toxicity of aqueous extracts of Camellia sinensis, Parquetina nigrescens and Telfairia occidentalis leaves. The extracts were subjected to brine shrimp lethality bioassay and toxicities by Lorke’s method. Mice were given oral...
Dapsone in topical niosomes for treatment of acne vulgaris
May 2018
Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disorder. It affects the pilosebaceous units followed by an overgrowth by Propionibacterium acne bacteria. Dapsone is a sulfone antibiotic with an anti-inflammatory effect, which is considered to be accountable for its effectiveness in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The present study aims to prepare and evaluate the effectiveness of dapsone niosomes for topical application...
Gamma oryzanol loaded microspheres with improved bioavailability
May 2018
Gamma oryzanol is a phytosterol that is extracted from rice bran oil. It is an antioxidant that possesses a curative effect for many diseases. Gamma oryzanol is a water insoluble compound supporting the idea that it has a low bioavailability due to low intestinal absorption. In this study, γ-oryzanol was loaded in biodegradable microspheres. Intestinal absorption of γ-oryzanol from microspheres was compared...
Febuxostat in patients with hyperuricemia and severe chronic kidney disease
May 2018
Febuxostat is a non-purine, selective inhibitor of both isoforms of xanthine oxido-reductase (XOR). Its pharmacokinetics is not dependent on renal clearance, and it may be advantageous in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although febuxostat is effective in patients with mild-to-moderate CKD, its efficacy and safety in patients with severe CKD remain unclear. This retrospective study included patients with an...
In-vitro membrane stabilizing, thrombolytic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Bangladeshi origin Coccinia indica (Cucurbitaceae)
April 2018
This study was made to investigate in-vitro membrane stabilizing, thrombolytic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia indica. Different extractives showed significant membrane stabilizing activity. The ethanol soluble fraction showed (45.36±0.45 % and 64.05±0.22 %) of Red blood cells haemolysis inhibition under heat and hypotonic solution induced conditions,...
Effect of erythrinaline alkaloids from Erythrina lysistemon on human recombinant caspase-3
April 2018
Prostate cancer is a leading killer disease among men all over the world. Inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a strategic chemotherapeutic approach. Caspase-3 is a key effector of apoptosis, and its activation promotes apoptosis. It was hypothesized that erythrinaline alkaloids activate caspase-3. The alkaloids were isolated from the flowers and pods of Erythrina lysistemon. Their effect on human recombinant...
In vivo assessment of the antipyretic activity of tilmicosin
April 2018
The aim of the present study was to assess the antipyretic activity of the macrolide antibiotic, tilmicosin, at dose levels of 20 and 40 mg/kg of body weight, subcutaneously, in Brewer's yeast-induced fever model in mice. Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 20 mL/kg of 20% (w/v) Brewer’s yeast suspension into the animal’s scruff region. Eighteen hours later, feverish animals were treated...
A systematic review: Application of in silico models for antimalarial drug discovery
April 2018
Malaria remains the global public health problem due to the reemergence of drug resistance. There is an urgent need for development of new antimalarial candidates which are effective against resistant malaria parasite. This systematic review evaluates the published research studies that applied in silico modeling during the discovery process of antimalarial drugs. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, EBSCO,...
In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Vangueria infausta: An edible wild fruit from Zimbabwe
April 2018
This study set out to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Vangueria infausta, an edible wild fruit from Zimbabwe. The importance lies in the fact that this plant species could be developed as a low cost and effective therapeutic agent, with little or no side effects from natural sources. The fruit pulp of V. infausta was subjected to cold ethanol extraction to get crude extract. Flavonoids were isolated by...
Extract and chloroform fraction from Syzygium cumini leaves with vasorelaxant effect mediated by inhibition of calcium channels
March 2018
Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased vasorelaxation. Our research group recently demonstrated that hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium cumini leaves (HESc) reduces the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This study evaluated the ability of HESc and chloroform fraction (CF) in promoting vasorelaxation on resistance arteries rings. Endothelium-deprived...
Characterisation of drug loaded with poly-beta-hydroxyl-butyrate (PHB) nanoparticles onto the cotton gauze for tuberculosis
March 2018
Nanoparticles are of current interest because of their emerging understanding effects on human health. Many developed nanoparticles were created based upon the current application. The application of nanoparticles in drug delivery of pharmaceuticals offers many advantages on the treatment strategies and therapy outcomes. Poly-beta-hydroxyl-butyrate (PHB) nanoparticles are very versatile and its design could be tailored...
Antibacterial activity of crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Vernonia galamensis leaves
March 2018
The aim of this study was to test the antibacterial property of the extract of the leaves and isolated compounds of Vernonia galamensis that is traditionally claimed to have diverse medicinal use. The disk diffusion method was used to test the successively extracted dried leaves of V. galamensis on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella boydii. Further fractionation of the acetone extract...
A Study on Spurious and Not of Standard Quality Drugs in the State of Andhra Pradesh
March 2018
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is the third largest in the world in terms of volume and this industry has a business of about USD 30 billion annually. Availability of quality medical products, especially drugs is important from the perspective of health of the consumers. The manufacture and sale of drugs in India is a licensed activity under Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945. The use...
In vitro antimicrobial activities of Plocamium rigidum and Plocamium cornutum from the Namibian coast line
March 2018
The aim of this study was to determine suitable extraction solvents for antimicrobial compounds and the antimicrobial activity of two algal species, Plocamium cornutum and Plocamium rigidum collected from the coastline of Namibia. Samples were collected at low tide from the intertidal area of the coastline at Lüderitz and Henties Bay. The samples were collected about 5 to 10 cm under water by hand and placed in a...
In vitro evaluation of antiasthmatic activity of ethanol leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis j. F. GMEL (Combretaceae)
March 2018
Guiera senegalensis is a medicinal plant that is widely used in West Africa against many illnesses. In this work, the antiasthmatic properties of ethanol leaf extract of the G. senegalensis were evaluated by using various in vitro animal models. In vitro models like isolated guinea pig tracheal chain preparation, isolated guinea pig ileum and rabbit jejunum preparations were studied to evaluate possible mechanism by...
Anti-hemolytic and reduction of lipid peroxidation capacities of Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. fruits
March 2018
This study was designed to investigate the ability of ethanol fruit extract from Detarium microcarpum to protect erythrocytes against hemolysis and lipid peroxidation. To achieve this objective, hemolytic, anti-hemolytic and lipid peroxidation from cell membrane assays were used. Hemolytic and anti-hemolytic activities (regarding H2O2 induced hemolysis) were assessed by determination of free haemoglobin at 540 nm....
Anti-respiratory syncytial virus activities of leaf extracts of Alchornea cordifolia and Alchornea floribunda
February 2018
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes viral infection of a global proportion. Currently, there is no approved vaccine or useful antiviral drug against it. Natural products hold potential for discovery of anti-RSV agents. The present study assessed the anti-RSV activities of Alchornea cordifolia (AC) (Shumach. and Thonn.) MÏ‹ll. Arg. and Alchornea floribunda (AF) MÏ‹ll. Arg., Antiviral activities of AC and AF leaf...
Effects of vanadium on oxidative stress and electrolytes balance of dyslipidemic male rats treated with simvastatin
February 2018
Dyslipidaemia is characterised by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and increased oxidative stress, which may affect liver, kidney and heart function. It is considered as a critical risk factor for cardiovascular and liver diseases. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of vanadium chloride on the oxidative stress state of liver, kidney and heart functions along with electrolyte balance during...
Isolation, structure elucidation, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of petroleum ether extract of Artemisia integrifolia L. against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats
February 2018
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical constituents of petroleum ether extract from Artemisia integrifolia L (AIPEE) and to evaluate its hepatoprotective potential and in vivo antioxidant effects. Six compounds, namely eugenol (1), linolenic acid (2), 6,7-epoxy-linolenic acid (3), linoleic acid (4), oleic acid (5) and hexadecanoic acid (6) were isolated from the AIPEE. Oral administration of AIPEE...
Development and validation of high sensitive UHPLC-ESI-MS assay for simultaneous determination of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, and midazolam in human plasma
February 2018
A more sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method has been developed and validated simultaneously for analysis of three analytes. The method is sensitive, enough for the study of analyte pharmacokinetics and metabolic pathways of drugs. The current method includes a simple reversed-phase Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry...
In vitro antimicrobial activity of generic and brand-name Levofloxacin against clinical and ATCC strains E. coli and S. aureus
January 2018
In vitro antimicrobial activity between generic and brand-name Levofloxacin was evaluated against isolated strains collected in 3 Colombia hospitals: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Initially, active substance was quantified using the methodologies identified by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) 38 NF 32, chromatographic conditions were validated and standardized. The minimum inhibitory...
Risk factors for, and treatment of, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: Evidence from the literature
January 2018
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are adverse drug reactions. They occur in the form of mild and sometimes severe cutaneous eruptions, with high morbidity and mortality, requiring fast and appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to describe and discuss the evidence regarding the risk factors, complications and treatment of SJS and TEN in inpatients. The present...
Evaluation of antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of Heimia salicifolia (family: Lythraceae)
January 2018
There are reports of the presence of vasodilatory alkaloids in Heimia salicifolia extracts. The action mechanisms of the potential antihypertensive effect of such alkaloids have not however, been elucidated. The objective of the present study was to corroborate the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activities of the isolated alkaloids from H. salicifolia, and to characterize their vasorelaxant actions. A chloroform...
Traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes in the Sudan: A review
January 2018
The prevalence of metabolic disorders such as diabetes among population is of increasing concern worldwide. Sudan is a developing country, where several areas frequently depend on folk medicine. Several herbal preparations have been used in folklore practice in Sudan for the management of diabetes with claims asserting their hypoglycemic effect. Basic research relating to these plants are reviewed in this paper with the...
Comparative evaluation of caffeine content in Arabian coffee with other caffeine beverages
January 2018
It is well documented that caffeine is the world's most widely consumed drug with its main source found in coffee. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), diabetes and obesity are major health problems. Caffeine is attested as a potential drug for treating obesity, hepatic fibrosis, and preventing or delaying diabetes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the caffeine content of the Arabian coffee in comparison to...
Antidiarrhoeal and antispasmodic activity of leaves of Syzygium cumini L. (Myrtaceae) mediated through calcium channel blockage
January 2018
Syzygium cumini L. Skeels (Myrtaceae) commonly known as jambolan is used as traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders in children in Brazil. This work is one of the first to evaluate the antidiarrhoeal and antispasmodic activity of the standardized extract of S. cumini leaves (HESc) in experimental models in vitro and in vivo rodents. Mice pre-treated with HESc (100, 250 and 1000 mg/kg) and atropine (1.0...
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) and toxicity profile of marine sulfated polysaccharides used in bionanotechnology
January 2018
Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from marine algae and bacteria constitute an important class of biomacromolecules as they are characterized by biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. Recent advances in bionanotechnology are attributed to identification of marine sulfated polysaccharides of unique composition and functional properties. Promising results obtained so far justify the need for...
Insight into clinically effective herbal antimalarial products: Effects on drug metabolizing enzymes and p-glycoprotein
December 2017
Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing tropical countries, particularly in children and pregnant women. With growing concerns about the development of resistance to current antimalarial drugs, herbal alternatives may provide significant and sustainable treatment options in affected regions. This review aimed at providing an updated overview of available data on Herbal Medicinal Products...
A comparative anti-inflammatory evaluation of fresh ginger extracts from China and Ghana identifies L-valine as a diagnostic biomarker
December 2017
The quality of botanicals has been reported to be influenced by their places of cultivation. Although, ginger remains a common health remedy both in Ghana and China, no comparative study exists to the best of the authors’ knowledge, on the anti-inflammatory properties of ginger from these two countries. The aim of this study was to comparatively assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the methanolic extracts of...
GC-MS analysis of leaf, stem-bark and root extracts of Alstonia boonei
December 2017
Alstonia boonei De Wild is a medicinal plant commonly found in West African and is popularly known as God's tree. The plant parts have been traditionally used as a painkiller, antimicrobial, antimalarial and antidiabetic which have also been proved scientifically. Previous studies revealed little information on phytochemcial components of A. boonei. The present work aims at investigating and comparing the chemical...
Diuretic, insecticidal and leishmanicidal profile of the whole plant of Viola betonicifolia
December 2017
In the present study, the crude methanolic and its succeeding solvent fractions of the whole plant of Viola betonicifolia were investigated for its diuretic, insecticidal and leishmanicidal profile. The methanolic and n-hexane fractions were screened (at the dose of 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.]) for diuretic effects on BALB/c mice. The methanolic extract demonstrated a weak, but not statistically...
In vivo antioxidative activity of 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-(6''-O-[E]-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside isolated from Panzeria alaschanica
December 2017
Our objective was to assess in vivo antioxidative potential of 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-(6''-O-[E]-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside (TFGN) isolated from Panzeria alaschanica in a diabetic rat model. The diabetes and the following oxidative stress were induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin. The effects of TPGN (60 mg/kg) on the plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and...
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