In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of alcoholic extract from the leaves of Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don
October 2016
In the present investigation, the methanol leaves extract of Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don was assessed for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The antibacterial action was evaluated through agar disc diffusion method against seven pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains at various concentrations and compared against the standard (kanamycin 30 µg/disc). The antioxidant activity of the extract was...
Phytochemical and efficacy study on four herbs used in erectile dysfunction: Mondia whiteii, Cola acuminata, Urtica massaica, and Tarenna graveolens
October 2016
There is a resurgence in the use of herbal medicine in the developed countries, with even much more in low developed Countries and especially for conditions such as erectile dysfunction. Studies thus need to be conducted to scientifically validate claims on certain medicinal plants reported to be efficacious in traditional medicine. This current study was conducted to determine the phytochemical composition and efficacy...
Analysis on effects of diets on antiretroviral therapy (ART) immune response among HIV/AIDS Patients in Eastern Ethiopia: Particular emphasis to camel dairy consumption
September 2016
Diets and nutrition have critical effect on immune status of human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients and on recovery of immune competence after antiretroviral therapy (ART). A pilot study was conducted to explore associations between the dietary pattern of HIV/AIDS patients and their immune (CD4+ cell recovery) response following ART. A recall interview survey...
In vitro acaricidal activity of crude extracts of Schinus molle (L.) leaves against field population of Bophilus decoloratus and Rhipicephalus pulchellus ticks
September 2016
Plant products are a rich source of bioactive organic chemicals and offer an advantage over synthetic pesticides as these are less toxic, less prone to development of resistance and easily biodegradable. The present study aimed at screening the acaricidal potential of crude methanolic and aqueous extracts of Schinus molle (L.) leaves on the adult Bophilus decoloratus and Rhipicephalus pulchellus cattle ticks, using in...
Activity of red wine polyphenols on endothelial no-synthase (eNOS)
September 2016
Polyphenols (PPH) represent a group of chemical substances found in plants, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol unit. The largest and best studied polyphenols are the flavonoids. Polyphenols contained in red wine have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. The aim of our research was a comparative and interactive study of four red wine polyphenols - resveratrol (R), quercetin (Q), kaempferol (K)...
Involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nociceptive pathways on the pharmacological activity of hydantoin derivative 5-(4-isopropylphenyl)-3-phenyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione
September 2016
Hydantoins are often reported as potent anticonvulsant drugs; however, recent studies have highlighted their antinociceptive potential. Based on these reports, this study investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the hydantoin derivative 5-(4-isopropylphenyl)-3-phenyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (IM-7) using animal models. Treated mice submitted to the acetic acid-induced writhing test showed...
Synthesis and characterization of Cu(II) and Fe(II) metal complexes of oxazepine derivative via Schiff base [Fe(HPOHBOT)Cl2] and [Cu(HPOHBOT)Cl2]
September 2016
A Schiff base and its derivative (oxazepine) have been synthesized by the reaction between thio-semicarbazide and aromatic aldehyde 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in ethanol in the presence of acetic acids to yield the Schiff base. This Schiff base on treatment with phthalic anhydride to give seven-member heterocyclic ring called oxazepine. Oxazepineas di-dentate ligand treated with hydrated metal chlorides CuCl2 and FeCl2 in...
Long term treatment of fluexotine and buspirone on gastric mucosal integrity in rats
September 2016
The highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are successful in the treatment of depression mood and anxiety disorders. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of fluexotine and buspirone when given orally in three dose levels (5, 10 and 15 mg/ kg) not only for eight weeks on gastric lesions and oxidative markers in normal rats' mucosal integrity, but also for four weeks on gastric mucosal...
Ocular effects of oral acetazolamide on visual functions of normotensive individuals
September 2016
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor which is on World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines, a list of most important medications needed in a basic health system. The ocular effects of acetazolamide was studied in 30 normotensive volunteers. Each volunteer received a loading dose of 500 mg at 0700 h followed by a maintenance dose of 250 mg at 1300 and 1800 h, respectively on day one. From...
Ameliorative effect of grape seed extract on metabolic disorders caused by high fat diet induced obesity in rats by reversing the increase in hepatic miR-33a and miR-122
September 2016
MiR-33a and miR-122 are major regulators of lipid metabolism in the liver and their deregulation has been linked to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the level of miR-33a and miR-122 in rat liver correlate with obesity and potential anti-obesity effect of grape seed extract (GSE) and calorie restricted diet with special emphasis on...
Toxicological assessment of the aqueous dried leaf extracts of Senna alata L. in wistar rats
September 2016
Senna alata is a medicinal plant that belongs to Leguminosae family. Different parts of the plant are used in folklore medicine for curing skin infections, abdominal pain, and gonorrhoea. Despite the use of S. alata in the treatment of various ailments, there is limited or no comprehensive scientific information on the toxicological evaluation of the dried leaf extract in the folklore medicine in Africa. This study...
In vitro and in vivo assessment of genotoxic activity of Petiveria alliacea
September 2016
Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae) is an Amazonian shrub used in traditional medicine for many purposes. This study investigated the genotoxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract of P. alliacea (EHPa). In addition, we conducted pharmacognostic characterization and phytochemical investigation. Phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were used to determine the chemical composition of the extract....
Synthesis of 2-(benzylthio)benzimidazole, 2-[(benzimidazol-2-yl)methylthio]benzimidazole and structural analogues against Haemoncus contortus
September 2016
The coupling of the derivatives of the 2-mercaptobenzimidazole 1 with the derivatives of the (chloromethyl)benzene 2 gives 2-(benzylthio)benzimidazole 4a-k on the one hand, and with the 2-(chlorométhyl)benzimidazole 3 on the other the 2-(benzimidazolyl methylthio) benzimidazole and analogues 5a-k. We determined the structures of all synthesized compounds by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry...
The effectiveness of dear healthcare professional letters as a risk minimization tool in Ghana
September 2016
Dear Healthcare Professional (DHP) letter is a risk minimization tool used to inform health workers about new and emerging safety information during the marketing period of medicinal products. DHP letters in some cases may not be effective because targeted audience may not be aware of these letters or even understand them. The objectives of this study were to assess the effectiveness and relevance of DHP letters as...
Acute toxicity and hypoglycaemic activity of the leaf extracts of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Wistar rats
September 2016
Persea americana Mill. or avocado plant tree is well-known to people from the sub-Saharan part of Africa. Studies carried out earlier reported on the use of leaf extracts of the named plant to cure diabetes and other diseases in the south of Côte d’Ivoire. This study aimed to assess both acute toxicity and hypoglyceamic activity together with performing a comparative study. The acute toxicity was determined...
Study of antidiarrheal and anthelmintic activity methanol extract of Commelina benghalensis leaves
August 2016
The objective of this study was to examine the restorative effects of methanol extract of Commelina benghalensis leaves in antidiarrheal activity in Swiss albino mice model and anthelmintic activity in Tubifex tubifex. Antidiarrheal activity study in Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups. Group I was treated as the control group and received 10 ml/kg of 2% Tween-80 orally; Group II served as a positive control...
Potential impact of urocortin I on sperm count, motility and sex hormone profiles in normal adult rats
August 2016
Urocortin I (Ucn I), Ucn II and Ucn III are corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) - like peptides. Ucn I has a high affinity for CRF1 and CRF2 receptors. The function of Ucn in male reproduction has not yet been elucidated. Ucn I is present in rat testis with lower levels of Ucn II and III mRNA gene expressions. Therefore, it is suggested that Ucn I may play a role in the regulation of male reproductive action. This...
Assessment of the anti-allergenic effects of Scoparia dulcis in asthma management
August 2016
Anti-allergics, including mast cell stabilizers, are used together with other anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of asthma, so as to prevent the release of pre-formed inflammatory mediators upon allergen exposure. This study was aimed at investigating the mast cell stabilizing and anti-anaphylactic effects of a 70% hydro-ethanolic extract of Scoparia dulcis (SDE) in murine models upon exposure to a known...
Toxicogenetic and antioxidant activities of isopentyl ferulate
August 2016
This study aims to determine the toxicity, genotoxicity and antioxidative defense capacities of isopentanyl ferulate (IF), an ester derivative of ferulic acid (FA). Therefore, albino mice (25-30 g) were treated with 1000 to 3000 mg/kg orally (p.o.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) to determine median lethal dose (LD50), biochemical and hematological parameters, motor coordination and genotoxic activity by comet assay. In...
Peptide hydroxamate derivatives as regulators for insulin receptor signaling and its degradation by zinc metalloprotease in diabetic rats
August 2016
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is the major zinc-metalloprotease involved in the cleavage of insulin, β-amyloid protein and mainly contributes to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, this enzyme is expressed as candidate target for drugs used in the management of diabetes and peptide hydroxamates have been reported recently as inhibitors for IDE. Novel synthesized peptide...
GC-MS analysis of esterified fatty acids obtained from leaves and seeds of Triplaris gardneriana Wedd.
August 2016
Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. belongs to the family Polygonaceae. In Brazil, the plant is known as "Pajéu". The plant has a traditional use in folk medicine for the treatment of some human diseases. In this study, it was realized for first time, the extraction and characterization by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the fixed oils from the leaves and seeds of T. gardneriana collected...
Phytochemical and pharmacological screenings of organic crude fractions of Maesa acuminata
August 2016
The present study is aimed to investigate phytochemical and pharmacological activities of crude organic fractional extracts of Maesa acuminata (MA). Preliminary test for phytoconstituents shows the presence of alkaloid, glycoside, steroids, tannins, saponins and reducing sugars. Fractionation was done by ethanol (leaf: ELMA), chloroform (bark: CBMA) and n-hexane (leaf: HLMA). The crude fractions were then subjected for...
Eye drops prescription pattern in patients with glaucoma
August 2016
Glaucoma is a major public health problem, being the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment worldwide. In most cases, glaucoma is associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) levels that are above those considered normal (IOP ≥ 21 mmHg). The aim of the present work is to describe the pattern of eye drops prescription in patients with glaucoma in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. A descriptive cross-sectional study...
Preclinical evaluation of repeated dose toxicity and anxiolytic activity of monoterpene R - (+) – limonene via inhalation
August 2016
R - (+) - limonene is a monoterpene found in several plant species. Studies have shown that plants that have this compound has anxiolytic activity. This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic and toxicological activity in rats after inhalation of R - (+) - limonene for 30 min. For the anxiety tests using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), concentrations of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0% were determined. From the results, it was observed...
Toxicogenetic biomonitoring of workers to the ionizing radiation
August 2016
Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause systemic acute and chronic effects on human health, including genetic instability that may be etiology of various diseases, including cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxicogenetic changes in haematological and biochemical parameters, and cytogenetic biomarkers (micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities) indicators of mutagenicity and...
A simple and sensitive method for the detection of “Oxytetracycine†levels in ready-to-eat beef by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
July 2016
Antimicrobial drug residues have emerged as one of the public health problems worldwide. In this study, a modified sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method to detect the “Oxytetracycine” (OTC) levels in ready-to-eat beef meat in Tanzania was evaluated. Beef samples were extracted in acetonitrile in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) buffer (pH 4), followed by cleaning up with...
Antimicrobial potential evaluation of hydroethanolic extracts of the species Anacardium occidentale Linn.
July 2016
The species Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli have shown increased antimicrobial resistance, which can be overcome with plant extracts, in view of their molecular complexity, for example extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn (cashew). The objective was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of cashew stem bark extract. Samples were collected in Santa Cruz / RN / Brazil, and after dried and crushed,...
Evaluation of antidiabetic effect and hematotological profile of methanol extract of Ceiba pentandra G (Malvaceae) stem bark on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
July 2016
The anti-diabetic effect of methanol extract of stem bark of Ceiba pentandra and its beneficial/ toxicological effect on hematological parameters in normal and alloxan-induced-diabetic rats were studied. The acute toxicity (LD50) test and phytochemical analysis were also carried studied. The diabetic rats were divided into five groups of 5 animals each given oral administration of the extract daily for 14 days. The...
A review of twenty ethnobotanicals used in the management of breast cancer in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
July 2016
Ethnobotanical investigation revealed the use of Alafia barteri Oliv., Allium ascalonicum L., Alstonia congensis Engl., Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev., Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth., Capsicum frutescens L., Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook f. ex Benth., Erythophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan, Grewia flavescens Juss., Khaya ivorensis A. Chev., Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth., Lophira alata Banks ex...
Antinociceptive and healing activity of the methanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of Caulerpa taxifolia
July 2016
This study aimed to evaluate the healing and analgesic action of methanolic extract and hydroalcoholic of C. taxifolia, and check the percentage of soluble proteins available in the extract of this vegetable. The collection of C. taxifolia occurred on the beach of Barra do Sirinhaém - PE, processed for testing. The animals used in the test were Swiss mice, and Mus musculus of species. For healing activity and...
Fixed and volatile constituents of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth from Bahia-Brazil
July 2016
Essential oils from Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth roots and stems, popularly known in Bahia (Brazil) as velame or cassutinga, were obtained by hydro distillation. Fixed oil from the roots of this species was obtained by maceration in hexane. The oils were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GCMS). 46 compounds were identified in the stems and 35 substances...
Centratherum anthelminticum seeds reverse the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
July 2016
The present study is the first attempt to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic seeds extract (ESEt) of Centratherum anthelminticum (black cumin) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. The test doses (600 and 800 mg/kg) of same extract were found effective in their respective test groups by improving the body and liver weights, serum alanine and aspartate transaminases,...
Cubebin and semisynthetic dibenzyl butyrolactone derivatives: Biological activities
July 2016
Lignans are a group of secondary metabolites with a wide variety of chemical structures, formed by coupling two phenylpropanoid units. Currently, there is great interest in lignan due to the wide range of biological activities this class of compounds has demonstrated. This review describes the biological activities of cubebin and semi-synthetic derivatives, focusing primarily on Piper cubeba and Zantoxyllum...
Pattern of drugs prescribed for treatment of hypertensive patients: Bangladesh
July 2016
The exponential increase in patients with hypertension puts an enormous burden on healthcare providers. To describe the trends in the prescription of antihypertensive medication in a tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh is the objective of the study. This is a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study conducted at the Medicine outpatient Department in Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Patients more than 20 years of...
Medication use history in patients admitted to a teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study
June 2016
Although the literature shows several studies on medication safety, there are few Latin American studies describing aspects in the practice of medication reconciliation carried out by pharmacists in the admission process. This study aimed to describe the acquisition of medication use history of patients during admission, and to characterize the unintentional discrepancies in their pharmacotherapy in a Brazilian teaching...
Difficulties in antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and the continuous search for new formulations: A literature review
June 2016
Despite advances in the research on new antifungal agents, Amphotericin B (AmB) is still considered as the antifungal of choice for treating most systemic mycoses due to its potency and broad-spectrum action. However, this drug has limited use because of its toxic effects on kidneys, liver and blood. The search for new and safe formulations of AmB is essential because of the emergence of antifungal resistance to other...
In vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic contents of different fractions of ethanolic extract from Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. (Meliaceae) stem barks
June 2016
Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine of Burkina Faso. Its stem barks are used to treat several diseases such as inflammation, arthritis, infections, ulcer, malaria, fever and dermatosis. The antioxidant activity of aqueous ethanol extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis stem bark was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2'-azino-bis...
GC-MS analysis and in vitro bioactivity of fixed oil and fatty acid fraction obtained from seeds of Simira gardneriana, a Rubiaceae from Brazilian Caatinga Biome
June 2016
Rubiaceae family includes many species with biological activity, highlighting the genus Simira. In the Caatinga, this genus is represented by six species, and among them, Simira gardneriana is the only endemic species. Previous studies with this plant have shown that extracts from the aerial parts have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition,...
Neuropharmacological profile of ethanolic dried seed extract of Persea americana in mice
June 2016
Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Nigeria to treat several diseases including malaria, hypertension and febrile convulsions among others. Some of these indications are related to central activity but have not been systematically evaluated. This study investigated the neuropharmacological effects and the acute toxicity profile of the ethanolic dried seed extract of P. americana...
Omega 3-fatty acids, atorvastatin as modulators for inflammatory pattern versus diclofenac in osteoarthritis induced in experimental rats
June 2016
Antiinflammatory properties of statins and omega-3 fatty acids are well known and documented before. Present work aimed mainly to demonstrate their effects on inflammatory pattern of osteoarthritis (OA) induced in rats. Osteoarthritis was induced by single intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the right knee joints in a dose level of 24.6 mg/kg body weight. Omega 3 fatty acids and atorvastatin were...
In vitro anthelmintic activity of Allium sativum, Allium cepa and Jatropha curcas against Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum
June 2016
Prevalence of animal diseases is one of the major livestock production constraints in Kenya with high impacts on livelihoods due to related economic losses affecting food security in the country. The use of synthetic drugs for disease management has challenges. This makes the use of medicinal plants for treatment a rational alternative. Ascarids, Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum are among the most frequently...
Serum levels of oxytocin in pregnancy, parturition and postpartum for Nigerian females in Zaria, Nigeria
June 2016
Oxytocin is a hormone involved with adjustment of pregnancy, the process of delivery, breastfeeding, social recognition and bonding. This study aimed at determining the serum levels of oxytocin in pregnancy, during labour, and in the puerperium for Nigerian females in Zaria. It was a cross-sectional study of one hundred and twenty women aged 18 to 45 years from four hospitals in Zaria. The women were grouped into four...
In vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant properties of Hilleria latifolia and Laportea ovalifolia
May 2016
Inflammation which is a normal phenomenon involved in healing of injurious tissue can be complicated with reactive oxygen resulting in chronic inflammatory state and subsequent tissue damage. Since there are reports on severe side effects associated with the use of synthetic anti-inflammatory medications, there is the need to search for new medications with milder side effects. The study, therefore, investigated the...
Studies on gastrointestinal properties of ethanolic leaf extract of Salacia lehmbachii in Wistar rats
May 2016
Salacia lehmbachii Loes, is used traditionally in Nigeria for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-ulcer and anti-diarrhoeal activities of the ethanolic leaf extract of S. lehmbachii. The ethanolic leaf extract was evaluated for castor oil-induced diarrhoeal, intestinal transit as well as intestinal fluid accumulation in rats, while indomethacin, water immersion...
Development of a strategic model of customer relationship management for the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh
May 2016
Recent academic and practitioner studies have implied that customer relationship management (CRM) provided improved business opportunity yet it has received sundry performance reviews in the present literature. The pharmaceutical industry, in Bangladesh, is in the midst of fundamental changes. Situational regulations have been placed for decades that minimize pressure from competitor companies, and application of modern...
Evaluation of Hepatic activity of various morphological parts of Musa paradisiaca L.
May 2016
The objective of present study was to investigate the hepatic activity of methanolic extract of various morphological parts (bract, flower, trachea and tracheal fluid) of Musa paradisiaca L. for their effect on liver of experimental mice. The methanolic extract of morphological parts of Musa paradisiaca (bract, flower, trachea and tracheal fluid) at the dose of (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w) and silymarin (25 mg/kg) was...
Thirst perception in mild to moderate hypertensive Nigerians treated with aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
May 2016
Aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is widely consumed in Nigeria as a local beverage used to quench thirst and also because of its antihypertensive action. The present study investigated the effect of consumption of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa on thirst perception (TP) in mild to moderate hypertensive Nigerians. Fifty mild to moderate hypertensive patients attending medical out-patients clinic of Enugu State...
Development of Pharmacy Education in Kenya Universities to date
May 2016
The purpose of this paper was to examine the development of pharmacy education in Kenya since independence. Websites of the Pharmacy and Poison Board of Kenya and the Commission for University Education as well as those of the universities offering pharmacy education were used to obtain information such as the framework for establishment of programmes in higher institutions, curriculum, regulation of pharmacy practice...
Biotransformation of coumarins by Cunninghamella elegans
May 2016
Microbial biotransformation of coumarin (I) was undertaken using a battery of twenty five microorganisms. Among them, the fungus Cunninghamella elegans NRRL 1392 was the sole microbe that efficiently metabolized coumarin (I) into umbelliferone (II), 3, 4-dihydrocoumarin (V) and transcinnamic acid (VI). Umbelliferone was also biotransformed into 6, 7-dihydroxycoumarin (aesculetin, VII) and p-coumaric acid (VIII). On the...
Study of the self-association of amoxicillin, thiamine and the hetero-association with biologically active compound chlorgenic acid
May 2016
The self-association of amoxicillin (AMX) and its hetero-association with biologically active compound, chlorogenic acid (CGA) were investigated at room temperature (295°K). The dimerization constant of amoxicillin and thiamine (THIA) analyzed using the dimer model at the wavelength of 278 and 256 nm were found to be and , respectively. The hetero-association constant of amoxicillin and chlorogenic acid...
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