A cross-sectional survey on COVID-19 knowledge and precautionary measures of the pharmacists and patients in community pharmacies
January 2022
In the global pandemic of COVID-19, community pharmacists play key roles in implementing personal protective measures to control their own risk as well as the patient’s risk of being infected with COVID-19. This study was designed to explore the COVID-19 knowledge and precautionary measures of the pharmacists and patients in community pharmacies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the pharmacists and...
Evaluation of the adverse effects of Dracaena steudneri Engl. stem bark aqueous extract in Wistar rats
December 2021
Safety of medicinal plants/products is one of the major areas that require more attention because of the high rate at which consumers use medicinal plants/products due to their availability and accessibility. Dracaena steudneri Engl. is among the plants being used and recommended for the treatment of several diseases for decades among the traditional health practitioners. Despite its frequent use, there is little...
Anticancer activity of terpenoid saponin extract of Psidium guajava on MCF-7 cancer cell line using DAPI and MTT assays
December 2021
Psidium guajava (Guava) could be an ancient remedy used for a variety of health conditions. Research suggests that guava fruits and leaves might have a variety of advantages. Guava is the tropical tree with yellowish-green skin fruits, and widely grown in Central America and Asia. Individuals use guava leaf tea as a treatment for gastric symptoms in many countries, together with India and China. In different countries,...
Antiplasmodial activities of leaves and trunk bark of Sclerocaria Birea (A. Ric H.) Hochst (Anacardiaceae), a plant used in traditional medicine of Niger
December 2021
In the crude extracts of the bark and leaves of Sclerocarya birrea, have been characterized sterols, triterpenes, saponosides, tannins, anthocyanosides, coumarins, reducing compounds, alkaloids and carotenoids. Tests were carried out in vitro with extracts from each part of the plant to assess their efficacy against strains of Plasmodium falciparum sensitive to chloroquine K1 and that resistant to chloroquine 3D7. The...
Antimalarial drug utilization pattern amongst staff of three health facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria
December 2021
The study assessed the level of antimalarial drug utilization amongst Staffers of three Health facilities in Rivers State. It was a cross sectional questionnaire based study. The study assessed the knowledge, attitude and malaria treatment and preventive practices of one hundred and five respondents gotten from amongst health workers at Terabor and Ahoada General Hospitals as well as College of Health Science and...
Investigation on the possibilities for ex vivo- and in vitro-derivation of initial myeloid and lymphoid precursors from hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
November 2021
Initial myeloid and lymphoid differentiation of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by appropriate ex vivo- and in vitro-incubation was evaluated. So, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from mouse spleen were ex vivo-incubated in the presence of different interleukins, as well as of various combinations of them. Non-hematopoietic mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were in vitro-incubated in the...
Clinical pharmacists education and counselling in patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes in a Municipal hospital in Ghana
October 2021
Hypertension and diabetes co-morbidity are very common chronic diseases in today’s world. Patients with such conditions may have medication related problems. Assessment was made on the impact of clinical pharmacists’ led education and counselling in patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes in a hospital setting. This study was done at the medical outpatient department (OPD) of a Municipal Hospital...
Medication administration omission errors: Frequency and their causes during medication administration process at Ndola Teaching Hospital in Zambia
September 2021
Medication administration omission errors (MAOE) are very common and often affect patient outcomes and length of stay in the hospitals. This study was a cross-sectional study in which the frequency and causes of MAOE over four weeks at Ndola University Teaching Hospital (NUTH) was assessed. It involved reviewing patients’ drug charts and observation of nurses during the administration of medications to inpatients...
Pharmacokinetics of gallic acid following oral administration of Triphala formulation in rats
August 2021
Triphala formulation is one of the most common traditional medicines used for several health conditions. The study investigated the pharmacokinetics of gallic acid following an oral dose administration in rats. The pharmacokinetics of gallic acid was investigated in rats following a daily oral dose of 1,000 and 5,000 mg/kg body weight (28 days). Plasma concentrations of gallic acid were measured using liquid...
Bioactive pyrrole-pyrazine derivative from a novel Bacillus species and review of the literature
August 2021
The rising antibiotic resistance is urging researchers to explore for new forms of antibiotics, notably from soil microorganisms such as Bacillus species. This study aimed to screen Bacillus strains from soil samples in Sudan for antifungal activity and to review relevant compounds from members of the genus in the literature. Out of 10 isolates from soil in Sudan, the strain JS6 (DSM 28831) was found active against...
Sclerocarya birrea: Review of the pharmacology of its antidiabetic effects and toxicity
August 2021
Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, an African widespread plant is known to be used for type 2 diabetes management in sub-Saharan Africa. This review aims to summarize the findings for the pharmacology of S. birrea antidiabetic effects and its in vivo and in vitro toxicity. To collate data on S. birrea, various scientific search engines like PubMed, Scopus, Scifinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Wiley Online,...
Examining characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance by health care professionals in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of the literature
August 2021
The pharmacovigilance practices aim to improve the safety and care of patient in relation to the utilization of medications, as well as other medical and paramedical interventions. Due to emergence of outbreaks of infections, the sub-Saharan African countries have been widely utilizing the trial drugs, which have been increasing the events of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in the region. This systematic literature review...
The "Date Rape" drug abuse: Implications on the female reproductive system
July 2021
Rohypnol is hypnotics that are commonly used to treat insomnia, anxiety and seizure disorders. It has been abused by both sexes and club men often drop the tablets into women's drinks to create a potential rape situation. Thirty-six animals (Wistar rats) were used for this study. They were grouped into three (N=12); Group 1 (Control) received 0.04 ml/kg body weight (bwt) of distilled water, Group 2 (Normal dose)...
A prospective study on assessment of clinically potential drug-drug interactions in hospital and community pharmacy prescriptions
June 2021
Drug-drug interaction or simply term drug interactions may be defined as the combining of two or more drugs such that the potency or efficiency of one drug is significantly modified by the presence of another. Potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are concern for patients and providers, as multiple medication use is becoming more common to manage complex diseases. The consequences of DDIs can range from no untoward...
Prescription of antimalarials at Kisangani University Clinics, Democratic Republic of Congo
June 2021
The objective of this study was to contribute to the improvement of medical prescription of antimalarials at Kisangani University Clinics. This a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection, based on 200 medical prescriptions from patients aged 3 days to 80 years, treated for malaria from March to December 2019. The study took place between March and May, 2020. Sixty one percent of patients suffered from...
Antidiabetic effect of grape seed (OPC 95%) powder on nSTZ-induced type 2 diabetic model rats
June 2021
Grape seeds (GSs) have been claimed for antidiabetic effects since long. Due to its rich phytochemical potential, current study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of GSs powder (GSP) (OPC 95%) on neonatal streptozotocin (nSTZ) induced T2DM rats. STZ (90 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in 48 h old rat pups. After 3 months, 24 T2DM rats were selected by OGTT for 28-days experiment and divided into...
A cross-sectional pilot study on COVID-19 disease pattern, recovery status and effect of co-morbidities in Bangladesh
May 2021
The COVID-19 disease has triggered the death of millions of people worldwide and has been the cause of 4,281 deaths in Bangladesh since 8th March 2020 till 31st August 2020. This cross-sectional study was aimed at discerning the pattern of COVID-19 among the people of this country the testing response, the recovery pattern of the patients and the effect of co-existing conditions on their recovery. An online...
Characteristics and pharmacological management of COVID-19 patients admitted at a hospital in Nairobi, Kenya
May 2021
COVID-19 is a novel viral disease with little known about its management. The Nairobi Hospital (TNH) has been involved in managing these patients. This study sought to describe the patients admitted in the hospital due to COVID-19, their management and outcomes. This was a retrospective review of COVID-19 patients admitted at TNH between March and October 2020. Demographic and clinical data, pharmacological management...
Knowledge of hypertension and diabetes comorbid patients about their medication in a municipal hospital in Ghana
April 2021
Patients with hypertension and diabetes co-morbidity may have medication knowledge and therapy challenges that could impact on patients’ outcomes. The study examines knowledge of medication and therapy among hypertension and Type-2- diabetes mellitus co-morbid patients at a Municipal hospital in Ghana. This study was conducted at the medical outpatient department (OPD) of the Municipal Hospital in Tema (a Harbour...
NONMEM population pharmacokinetic and Monte Carlo dosing simulation of ertapenem in patients with sepsis
April 2021
An alteration of pharmacokinetics (PK) due to pathophysiological changes in patients with critical illnesses have the impact on the drug levels in plasma, consequently affecting the achievement of pharmacodynamics (PD) targets of antibiotics. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the population PK, and (ii) to assess the probability of target attainment (PTA) of ertapenem in patients with critical...
Quality assessment of frequently available mother tinctures in the market by employing standard values
April 2021
As general awareness for using herbal drugs in today’s health practice is increasing, the world is endorsing extraordinary increase in the consumption of herbal products. This increase in the demand has led to consumers’ dissatisfaction due to substandard products, making the herbal market risky. There is need to set standard that will help to evaluate herbal drugs to ensure formulation of high quality...
Evaluation of hematological and biochemical activity of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib leaves ethanol extracts in normal albino rats
March 2021
The aim of this research is to evaluate the hematological and biochemical activity of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib leaf ethanol extracts in normal albino rats. Thirty-two male and female rats were divided into four groups, each with equal numbers of male (n=4), female (n=4). The control group was administered 1 ml of 10% tween 80. The experimental groups were administered ethanol with concentrations of 125, 250 and 500...
Effect of Cov-Pla1 and Cov-Pla3 extract on some pulmonary function parameters in rabbits
March 2021
Transmission of COVID-19 is facilitated by uptake of droplets containing coronavirus from the breath, sneeze or cough of infected persons. This represents the commonest mode of coronavirus infection and spread to mucous membranes of the respiratory system. The virus rapidly replicates in alveolar cells, triggering a strong immune response, resulting in cytokine storm syndromes and pulmonary tissue damage. These...
Novelty-induced behavior and memory enhancing activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Solanum incanum Linn. fruits in mice
February 2021
The present study investigated novelty-induced behavior, learning and memory enhancing activities of aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts of Solanum incanum Linn. using mice models. The mice were divided into sixteen (16) groups of five (5) mice each and treated with distilled water (10 ml/kg, i.p); 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg (i.p) of both aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts; scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg) and scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p)...
Reflection on medicinal plants, especially antivirals and how to reconsider ethnobotany as an interesting way for health preservation
January 2021
The medicinal plants, which are at the origin of the medical sciences, are gradually passing from the apothecary vials, from the handmade bags of the tradipraticians to the laboratories to provide countless new medicines synthesis models. Today, chemical drugs have replaced most herbal drugs in pharmacies. Empirical knowledge has been neglected as chemistry progressed. Yet 80% of the world’s population is still...
Therapeutic potential of Annona senegalensis Pers (Annonaceae), a plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of epilepsy in Burkina Faso
January 2021
Annona senegalensis Pers. is a plant used in Burkina folkloric medicine for the treatment of epilepsy. The stem-bark, roots and leaves of A. senegalensis are used for an array of human disorders, including epilepsy. Previous studies have demonstrated some genuine effects of A. senegalensis fractions in vivo models of temporal lobe epilepsy. In the present work, we have compared the pharmacological profile of the most...
Patterns of prescription and inappropriate medications use in elderly patients of Makkah community in Saudi Arabia
December 2020
Polypharmacy and the prescription of inappropriate medications are common in elderly patients due to the high rate of morbidity in this population. However, this information is scarce about patients in this age group in Saudi Arabia. In general, this study was conducted to investigate the drug prescriptions in elderly patients in Makkah city of Saudi Arabia. This topic threw light mainly on the pattern of drug...
Determinants of asthma disease control in Ambo University Referral Hospital: Observational cross-sectional study
November 2020
Over a decade, different stakeholders have engaged concerted efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality related to asthma. Despite all these efforts, substantial proportions of asthmatic patients do not achieve proper asthma control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of asthma control and to assess the factors that might influence control of the disease. The study was conducted at the Ambo University...
Wrong time medication administration errors: Frequency and their causes at Adult University Teaching Hospitals in Zambia
November 2020
Wrong-time medication administration errors (WTMAEs) can have serious consequences for medication safety. The study was a cross-sectional study that employed a prospective observation technique and was conducted from 4th June to 20th July 2018 at Adult University Teaching Hospital (AUTH) in the Internal Medicine and Surgery departments. A total of 1749 doses were observed being administered to 325 inpatients and the...
Evaluation of the elemental, nutritional and antioxidant properties of Cov-Pla herbal preparations
November 2020
The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has had a dramatic effect on human existence and still shows no sign of abating. Scientists worldwide are therefore working assiduously to get new drug treatments to help mitigate the crisis. Some of those efforts involve research to obtain Covid-19 treatments from natural sources. The present study is aimed at evaluating the elemental, nutritional and antioxidant properties of...
Notice of Retraction: Preparation and characterization of crosslinked and non-crosslinked polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF) NPs as carriers for doxorubicin HCl
November 2020
The editors of the African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (AJPP) are retracting the article, “Preparation and characterization of crosslinked and non-crosslinked polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF) NPs as carriers for doxorubicin HCl” published in 2011 (Vol. 5(7), pp. 797-805, July 2011). This is based on evidences of text overlap (in figures and tables) between the article and those published in two...
A review for selecting medicinal plants commonly used for malaria in Uganda
October 2020
The menace of current cases of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs, non- availability and accessibility, and the high costs of pharmaceutical products contribute to the high rate of medicinal plants consumption in the treatment of malaria in Uganda. Different ethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants with antimalarial properties have been conducted across different geographical regions in Uganda in order to...
Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities of the aqueous ethanolic extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (RETZ) R. Br. Ex SCHULT and Sclerocarya birrea (A RICH) HOCHST
October 2020
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult (Asclepiadaceae) and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) are two plants used in Burkina Faso in traditional medicine and in the form of phytomedicine in the treatment of diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous ethanolic extracts of leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and Sclerocarya birrea on glycemia. A phytochemical screening of the extracts obtained by...
Assessment of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Caralluma deflersiana growing in the South of Saudi Arabia
September 2020
Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are related to a large number of human degenerative diseases. Consequently, plants have been investigated across the world to exploit their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In the current study, Caralluma deflersiana is native to Saudi Arabia and was screened to assess its antioxidant and antimicrobial potential activities as well as the phenolic...
Hepatoprotective and free radical scavenging activities of methanol extract fractions of Capparis decidua Edgew (Forssk.) (Capparidaceae)
September 2020
The main objective of the study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of different extracts and fractions of a Sudanese traditionally used plant, Capparis decidua Edgwe (Forssk.) (Capparidaceae). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats, and DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA) were the methods used to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of this plant...
Assessment of anti-hepatitis B virus activity of endemic medicinal plants from Socotra Island
September 2020
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver disease and a possible worldwide source of severe morbidity and mortality. The current standard therapy using interferons or antiviral agents is not successful in all cases and is associated with severe side effects. Consequently, the development of new medicines for the treatment of HBV is still relevant. This experimental study was therefore performed to assess the...
Investigation of hemotoxicologic potential of an ayurvedic preparation “Kutajarista†used in Sprue syndrome after chronic administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats
September 2020
The ayurvedic medicinal system is the world’s most primitive medical systems which were originated in India. For the treatment of Sprue syndrome, a very well-known ayurvedic preparation named Kutajarista (KTJ) is used in the south Asian region. This study aimed to detect the impact of chronic administration of KTJ on hematological parameters. The experimental animals were subdivided into two groups. A high dose...
Neuroprotective effects of methanol extract of Terminalia macroptera leaf in mice
September 2020
The plant Terminalia macroptera has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities. The aim of the present study was to screen the effect of the methanol extract of T. macroptera against ketamine-induced mice model of psychosis and the apomorphine climbing test. The behavioural studies entailed an evaluation of locomotor activity, stereotypic behaviours in the open field and stereotypic climbing behaviour,...
Development and validation of UV- Spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC method for the analysis of raw material and formulations of Aceclofenac
September 2020
The purpose of the study is to develop and validate method for assay of Aceclofenac in tablet dosage forms using ultra violet spectrophotometry (UV) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. A method was developed and validated for analysis of Aceclofenac using UV technique with methanol and phosphate buffer 7.4 as solvent. The HPLC analysis was conducted using two mobile phases, that is,...
Cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and phytochemical analysis of Artemisia judaica and A. sieberi in Saudi Arabia
September 2020
Cancer and microbial infectious diseases are considered a global threat. Plants have been investigated across the world to exploit their potential anticancer and antimicrobial effective agents. In this study, two medicinal plant species native to Saudi Arabia, namely; Artemisia judaica and Artemisia sieberi were screened to assess their antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial potential activities as well as...
Cardioprotective effects of animal grade piperazine citrate on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in wistar rats: Biochemical and histopathological evaluation
September 2020
The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of animal grade piperazine citrate on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats by studying cardiac marker enzymes and histopathological changes of the cardiac muscle. Isoproterenol administration showed significant (P<0.001) increase in the serum levels of cardiac injury markers (creatine kinase-MB and troponin-I), 358.98 ±...
Toxicological potential of ethanol extract of stem bark and Croton heliotropiifolius (Euphorbiaceae)
August 2020
Croton heliotropiifolius is an endemic specie in northeast of Brazil. It is renowned for its medicinal properties, larvicidal, insecticidal and cytotoxic activity. This study evaluated the phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract stem bark of C. heliotropiifolius (EECroton) and the toxicological potential in Swiss albino mice. Phytochemical analysis were performed by thin-layer chromatography. The EECroton at 2000...
Assessment of household knowledge, attitude and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among residents of Lusaka City, Zambia
August 2020
Medicines play an important role in treating different diseases and conditions, but when left unused or to expire at home and improperly disposed, they may cause environmental pollution and can be hazardous to health. In this study, assessment of household knowledge attitude and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among residents was done in selected areas of Lusaka City, Zambia. This was...
Prevalence and gene sequencing of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing Salmonella enterica serovar. Typhi from South-East Nigeria
August 2020
Enteric fever is a systemic disease classified into typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins are usually the drugs of choice in the management of Salmonella infections. Previous reports have indicated common occurrence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) including resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. However, there is paucity of information on the genetic determinants...
Comparative analysis of biopharmaceutic classification system (BCS) based biowaiver protocols to validate equivalence of a multisource product
August 2020
Biopharmaceutic classification system (BCS) is a substantial part of drug designing and generic product development and has been accepted as a technique to renounce in-vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation (biowaiver). It appeared to be worthwhile and time-saving by means of in-vitro studies in the presence of biorelevant physiological mediums that mimic not only the predictable solubility but also permeability of the...
Pharmacognostic and toxicological evaluation of the leaves of Piper guineense Schum. and Thonn (Piperaceae)
August 2020
The leaves of Piper guineense Schum. and Thonn (Piperaceae) are used in ethnomedicine for the management/treatment of various diseases. The objective of this study was to establish the pharmacognostic and toxicological profiles of P. guineense to help practitioners in making choices, and to assist scientists involved in the research of the Piper genus. The fresh leaves were examined for their macroscopic and microscopic...
Assessment of acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Camellia hakodae Ninh leaves aqueous extracts in experimental animals
August 2020
Camellia hakodae Ninh (CHN) is an ornamental plant of Vietnam, whose extracts is used as a potential phytotherapeutic beverage due to its good improvement in the immune system, reduction of inflammation and assisting the treatment of some chronic diseases. CHN production may be useful for health during this coronavirus epidemic period. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, acute and sub-chronic toxicity of aqueous...
Prescribing pattern of medications prescribed to outpatients based on WHO prescribing indicators in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
August 2020
Poor prescribing pattern is observed and become a serious problem in the world including developing countries. In Ethiopia, several studies showed that health care institutions did not meet WHO prescribing indicators and the prescribing pattern is not satisfactory in the health care institutions. This study aimsto review the prescribing pattern of medications prescribed to outpatients based on WHO prescribing indicators...
Morbidity rate of drug-susceptible tuberculosis and its medico-economic impact
July 2020
This assessment aims to identify the increasing number of morbidity of drug susceptible tuberculosis (TB) and its treatment outcomes, government cost of medicines as well as the economic impact on society. A retrospective observational study had been conducted in a government hospital using a patient’s record from 2013 to 2017, treated under the Direct Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) program in Karachi,...
Antibacterial activities of Camellia sinensis plant extracts against uropathogenic E. coli in vitro and in vivo
July 2020
This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Camellia sinensis (Green tea) against Escherichia coli implicated in urinary tract infections. Antibacterial activities of these plant extracts were tested against 10 multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates obtained from clinical specimens of UTI patients. Forty-five (45) Wister albino rats were used for this...
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