Patterns of prescription and inappropriate medications use in elderly patients of Makkah community in Saudi Arabia
December 2020
Polypharmacy and the prescription of inappropriate medications are common in elderly patients due to the high rate of morbidity in this population. However, this information is scarce about patients in this age group in Saudi Arabia. In general, this study was conducted to investigate the drug prescriptions in elderly patients in Makkah city of Saudi Arabia. This topic threw light mainly on the pattern of drug...
Notice of Retraction: Preparation and characterization of crosslinked and non-crosslinked polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF) NPs as carriers for doxorubicin HCl
November 2020
The editors of the African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (AJPP) are retracting the article, “Preparation and characterization of crosslinked and non-crosslinked polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF) NPs as carriers for doxorubicin HCl” published in 2011 (Vol. 5(7), pp. 797-805, July 2011). This is based on evidences of text overlap (in figures and tables) between the article and those published in two...
Wrong time medication administration errors: Frequency and their causes at Adult University Teaching Hospitals in Zambia
November 2020
Wrong-time medication administration errors (WTMAEs) can have serious consequences for medication safety. The study was a cross-sectional study that employed a prospective observation technique and was conducted from 4th June to 20th July 2018 at Adult University Teaching Hospital (AUTH) in the Internal Medicine and Surgery departments. A total of 1749 doses were observed being administered to 325 inpatients and the...
Evaluation of the elemental, nutritional and antioxidant properties of Cov-Pla herbal preparations
November 2020
The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has had a dramatic effect on human existence and still shows no sign of abating. Scientists worldwide are therefore working assiduously to get new drug treatments to help mitigate the crisis. Some of those efforts involve research to obtain Covid-19 treatments from natural sources. The present study is aimed at evaluating the elemental, nutritional and antioxidant properties of...
Determinants of asthma disease control in Ambo University Referral Hospital: Observational cross-sectional study
November 2020
Over a decade, different stakeholders have engaged concerted efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality related to asthma. Despite all these efforts, substantial proportions of asthmatic patients do not achieve proper asthma control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of asthma control and to assess the factors that might influence control of the disease. The study was conducted at the Ambo University...
Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities of the aqueous ethanolic extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (RETZ) R. Br. Ex SCHULT and Sclerocarya birrea (A RICH) HOCHST
October 2020
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult (Asclepiadaceae) and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) are two plants used in Burkina Faso in traditional medicine and in the form of phytomedicine in the treatment of diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous ethanolic extracts of leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and Sclerocarya birrea on glycemia. A phytochemical screening of the extracts obtained by...
A review for selecting medicinal plants commonly used for malaria in Uganda
October 2020
The menace of current cases of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs, non- availability and accessibility, and the high costs of pharmaceutical products contribute to the high rate of medicinal plants consumption in the treatment of malaria in Uganda. Different ethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants with antimalarial properties have been conducted across different geographical regions in Uganda in order to...
Development and validation of UV- Spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC method for the analysis of raw material and formulations of Aceclofenac
September 2020
The purpose of the study is to develop and validate method for assay of Aceclofenac in tablet dosage forms using ultra violet spectrophotometry (UV) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. A method was developed and validated for analysis of Aceclofenac using UV technique with methanol and phosphate buffer 7.4 as solvent. The HPLC analysis was conducted using two mobile phases, that is,...
Cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and phytochemical analysis of Artemisia judaica and A. sieberi in Saudi Arabia
September 2020
Cancer and microbial infectious diseases are considered a global threat. Plants have been investigated across the world to exploit their potential anticancer and antimicrobial effective agents. In this study, two medicinal plant species native to Saudi Arabia, namely; Artemisia judaica and Artemisia sieberi were screened to assess their antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial potential activities as well as...
Cardioprotective effects of animal grade piperazine citrate on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in wistar rats: Biochemical and histopathological evaluation
September 2020
The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of animal grade piperazine citrate on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats by studying cardiac marker enzymes and histopathological changes of the cardiac muscle. Isoproterenol administration showed significant (P<0.001) increase in the serum levels of cardiac injury markers (creatine kinase-MB and troponin-I), 358.98 ±...
Assessment of anti-hepatitis B virus activity of endemic medicinal plants from Socotra Island
September 2020
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver disease and a possible worldwide source of severe morbidity and mortality. The current standard therapy using interferons or antiviral agents is not successful in all cases and is associated with severe side effects. Consequently, the development of new medicines for the treatment of HBV is still relevant. This experimental study was therefore performed to assess the...
Neuroprotective effects of methanol extract of Terminalia macroptera leaf in mice
September 2020
The plant Terminalia macroptera has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities. The aim of the present study was to screen the effect of the methanol extract of T. macroptera against ketamine-induced mice model of psychosis and the apomorphine climbing test. The behavioural studies entailed an evaluation of locomotor activity, stereotypic behaviours in the open field and stereotypic climbing behaviour,...
Investigation of hemotoxicologic potential of an ayurvedic preparation “Kutajarista” used in Sprue syndrome after chronic administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats
September 2020
The ayurvedic medicinal system is the world’s most primitive medical systems which were originated in India. For the treatment of Sprue syndrome, a very well-known ayurvedic preparation named Kutajarista (KTJ) is used in the south Asian region. This study aimed to detect the impact of chronic administration of KTJ on hematological parameters. The experimental animals were subdivided into two groups. A high dose...
Hepatoprotective and free radical scavenging activities of methanol extract fractions of Capparis decidua Edgew (Forssk.) (Capparidaceae)
September 2020
The main objective of the study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of different extracts and fractions of a Sudanese traditionally used plant, Capparis decidua Edgwe (Forssk.) (Capparidaceae). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats, and DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA) were the methods used to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of this plant...
Assessment of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Caralluma deflersiana growing in the South of Saudi Arabia
September 2020
Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are related to a large number of human degenerative diseases. Consequently, plants have been investigated across the world to exploit their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In the current study, Caralluma deflersiana is native to Saudi Arabia and was screened to assess its antioxidant and antimicrobial potential activities as well as the phenolic...
Prevalence and gene sequencing of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing Salmonella enterica serovar. Typhi from South-East Nigeria
August 2020
Enteric fever is a systemic disease classified into typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins are usually the drugs of choice in the management of Salmonella infections. Previous reports have indicated common occurrence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) including resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. However, there is paucity of information on the genetic determinants...
Assessment of acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Camellia hakodae Ninh leaves aqueous extracts in experimental animals
August 2020
Camellia hakodae Ninh (CHN) is an ornamental plant of Vietnam, whose extracts is used as a potential phytotherapeutic beverage due to its good improvement in the immune system, reduction of inflammation and assisting the treatment of some chronic diseases. CHN production may be useful for health during this coronavirus epidemic period. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, acute and sub-chronic toxicity of aqueous...
Comparative analysis of biopharmaceutic classification system (BCS) based biowaiver protocols to validate equivalence of a multisource product
August 2020
Biopharmaceutic classification system (BCS) is a substantial part of drug designing and generic product development and has been accepted as a technique to renounce in-vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation (biowaiver). It appeared to be worthwhile and time-saving by means of in-vitro studies in the presence of biorelevant physiological mediums that mimic not only the predictable solubility but also permeability of the...
Assessment of household knowledge, attitude and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among residents of Lusaka City, Zambia
August 2020
Medicines play an important role in treating different diseases and conditions, but when left unused or to expire at home and improperly disposed, they may cause environmental pollution and can be hazardous to health. In this study, assessment of household knowledge attitude and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among residents was done in selected areas of Lusaka City, Zambia. This was...
Pharmacognostic and toxicological evaluation of the leaves of Piper guineense Schum. and Thonn (Piperaceae)
August 2020
The leaves of Piper guineense Schum. and Thonn (Piperaceae) are used in ethnomedicine for the management/treatment of various diseases. The objective of this study was to establish the pharmacognostic and toxicological profiles of P. guineense to help practitioners in making choices, and to assist scientists involved in the research of the Piper genus. The fresh leaves were examined for their macroscopic and microscopic...
Toxicological potential of ethanol extract of stem bark and Croton heliotropiifolius (Euphorbiaceae)
August 2020
Croton heliotropiifolius is an endemic specie in northeast of Brazil. It is renowned for its medicinal properties, larvicidal, insecticidal and cytotoxic activity. This study evaluated the phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract stem bark of C. heliotropiifolius (EECroton) and the toxicological potential in Swiss albino mice. Phytochemical analysis were performed by thin-layer chromatography. The EECroton at 2000...
Prescribing pattern of medications prescribed to outpatients based on WHO prescribing indicators in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
August 2020
Poor prescribing pattern is observed and become a serious problem in the world including developing countries. In Ethiopia, several studies showed that health care institutions did not meet WHO prescribing indicators and the prescribing pattern is not satisfactory in the health care institutions. This study aimsto review the prescribing pattern of medications prescribed to outpatients based on WHO prescribing indicators...
Antibacterial activities of Camellia sinensis plant extracts against uropathogenic E. coli in vitro and in vivo
July 2020
This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Camellia sinensis (Green tea) against Escherichia coli implicated in urinary tract infections. Antibacterial activities of these plant extracts were tested against 10 multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates obtained from clinical specimens of UTI patients. Forty-five (45) Wister albino rats were used for this...
Morbidity rate of drug-susceptible tuberculosis and its medico-economic impact
July 2020
This assessment aims to identify the increasing number of morbidity of drug susceptible tuberculosis (TB) and its treatment outcomes, government cost of medicines as well as the economic impact on society. A retrospective observational study had been conducted in a government hospital using a patient’s record from 2013 to 2017, treated under the Direct Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) program in Karachi,...
Prescribing errors among family and community medicine center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
July 2020
Prescribing errors are common. Available data on these errors, particularly in family community centers in Saudi Arabia, presents a problem that must be addressed. The aim of this study is to investigate the rate and types of prescribing errors at an ambulatory care setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected to cover a 12-month period. A prospective review of hand-written prescriptions was made by a trained...
Jatropha dioica, an Aztec plant with promising pharmacological properties: A systematic review
July 2020
Few pharmacological and toxicological studies have been conducted to demonstrate the usefulness and safety of using the Jatropha dioica extract. The aim of this study was to update the state of the art on the chemical composition, pharmacology, and toxicology of the species J. dioica, to find new possible applications. A search of different databases was carried out on the internet, specifically in Science Direct,...
Bioactivities of stem bark of Albizia chinensis Osbeck. Merr., Chakua Koroi of Bangladesh
July 2020
Albizia chinensis Osbeck. Merr. (Family: Fabaceae) is quite abundant in Bangladesh. The plant has a history of its traditional use in scorpion and snake bite. This investigation was designed to analyze the analgesic, anti-diarrheal and anti-inflammatory potentials along with sleep inducing property of the crude methanol extract of stem bark of Albizia chinensis Osbeck. Merr. Peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated...
Levels of red blood cells derived microparticles in stored erythrocyte concentrate
July 2020
There is increasing evidence of the clinical importance of microparticles (MPs) and their role in blood transfusion-related side effects and the transmission of pathogens. The study aims to examine the red blood cell-derived MPs in blood bags during storage under standardized blood bank conditions. The samples were tested at various times to demonstrate the presence of RBC-derived MPs by flow cytometry. The quantitative...
Phytochemical screening and toxicological effects of Amblygonocarpus andongensis aqueous stem bark extract in wistar albino rat
June 2020
Amblygonocarpus andongenesis is being used as antipsychotic. Hence, it may portend high risk of toxicosis. In view of this, phytochemical screening and toxicological effects of aqueous stem bark extract of the plant was studied in wistar albino rats. Qualitative screening of the stem bark extract revealed the presence of alkaloid, hydrolysable tannin, saponin, glycoside, cardiac glycoside, saponin glycoside and...
Nutritional characterization pulp of Chrysobalanus icaco L.
June 2020
After Southeast Asia, Brazil is the second largest producer of tropical fruits having more than 500 species, and many of these have high potential regarding nutritional content that can be marketed. Among them, Chrysobalanus icaco L., which can be found in abundance in several countries of South America stands out. Among its nutritional profile, it had low value of titratable acidity (0.41 ± 0.02%) and lipid...
Nutrients in Amazonian fruit pulps with functional and pharmacological interest
June 2020
In this research, nine fruits cultivated in Northern Amazon were studied: Abiu, acerola, araçá, bacupari, biribá, camu-camu, fruta-do-conde, graviola and taperebá, with the objective of carrying out a proximate and nutritional study of the pulps of the Northern Amazon fruits. They were graviola (76.83 ± 0.02 Kcal 100 g-1), bacupari (53.15 ± 0.02 Kcal 100 g-1) and fruta-do-conde...
Prevalence and the level of evidences supporting off-label prescribing of antidepressant, antipsychotic and antiepileptic drugs in Makkah Almukarramah: A case sectional study
June 2020
Off-label prescribing is very common among physicians, particularly among psychiatrists and there is limited information regarding the extent of the unapproved drug use in Makkah city. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of off-label indications for antidepressant, antipsychotic and antiepileptic and the strength of evidence supporting use of the prescribed drug for the respective indication. A case...
Haematology, serum biochemistry and histopathological findings associated with sub-chronic administration of methanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides DC in albino rats
June 2020
The effects of sub-chronic administration of Pterocarpus santalinoides methanol leaf extract (PSME) on haematology, serum biochemistry and histology of albino rats were evaluated. Twenty female albino rats, randomly assigned into four groups (A-D) of five rats each, were used for the study. Groups A-C were treated orally with 500, 250 and 50 mg/kg PSME, respectively, while Group D was given distilled water as placebo at...
Chemical characterization of seeds of Amazon fruits as nutritional contribution with functional medicinal potential
May 2020
The fruit seeds of the Northern Amazon Region were evaluated bromatologically and nutritionally in terms of the level of macro- and micro-elements and fatty acids present in them. Bromatologically, the seeds of camu-camu (369.08 kcal 100 g-1) and biribá (364.78 kcal 100 g-1) have the highest energy value. In terms of the macroelements, the highest concentration was potassium (554.23 mg 100 g-1) seen in graviola,...
Comparative effect on liver fibrosis of bicyclol and silymarin
May 2020
Bicyclol and silymarin are widely used in the treatment of various liver diseases; however, there is no report on comparative effect of them on liver fibrosis. To compare their liver protective effect, liver fibrosis rats induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) were orally treated with 100 mg/kg bicyclol and 100 mg/kg silymarin respectively for 4 weeks. Liver index, liver function activities, inflammatory biomarkers,...
Designing polyethylene oxide and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrix tablets with comparable dissolution properties
May 2020
PolyoxTM coagulant (molecular weight 5 × 106 Da) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M (USP substitution type 2208) were used to identify the composition variables that ensure the production of polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix tablets with the same dissolution characteristics as those containing HPMC. Based on the dissolution results obtained using Apparatus 3, a 53% concentration of PEO polymer in the...
The potential cardioprotective effects of Febuxostat versus Cilostazol on Isoproterenol induced cardiac dysfunction in rats
May 2020
Myocardial infarction causes an acute condition of necrosis of the myocardium resulting in increased production of free radicals and decreased levels of antioxidants. It was proposed that Febuxostat reduced myocardial oxidative stress and suppressed apoptosis. Cilostazol used to treat claudication has a growing evidence, suggesting that Cilostazol could be cardioprotective. This work aims to highlight the potential...
Chemical composition of essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. and antioxidant activity from Boa Vista-RR, Brazil
April 2020
In this work, the chemical composition of the essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) was determined by CG-FID.In the essential oil of M. officinalis,there area total of 22 chemical constituents, among them are geranial (34.6%), neral (26.0%), γ-caryophyllene (7.5%), caryophyllene oxide (5.3%), -pinene (5.3%) and sabinene (3.6%); it also has antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compounds in vitro....
Biological activities of Bonsupari (Caryota urens L.) fruits
April 2020
In Asian subcontinent, Caryota urens L. plant is well known. Its leaf has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The work aims to analyze the composition of the plant’s fruit extract and its aqueous and organic soluble fractions for its cytotoxic, thrombolytic, antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial properties. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay,...
A preliminary study to assess knowledge, preferences, and perception of adult population of Karachi about scored and colored oral solid dosage form
April 2020
Beyond the pharmacological activity, the differences have been observed in the preferences of solid dosage form on the basis of color and swallowing difficulty in the studies conducted by a different researcher. The aim of the study is to insight the perception of the general population of Karachi about the color, scoring and splitting of tablets. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data. Knowledge,...
Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activities of Sansevierialiberica as justification for its antidiabetic claims
April 2020
Diabetes has become a global emergency because of its high prevalence, morbidity and mortality while the available hypoglycaemic drugs possess various adverse effects and are expensive. This has necessitated a continuous search for cheaper antidiabetic agents of plant origin with fewer or no side effects. The study evaluated the antihyperglycaemic activities of the methanol extract of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and...
Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles from Butea monosperma on MCF-7 Cells
February 2020
Silver nanoparticles (Hematite (α-Fe2O3) have been used as an antimicrobial and as disinfectant. Nevertheless, there is limited data about its antitumor potential. This study focused on investigating the cytotoxic effects of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) from Butea monosperma flower extract on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and its mechanism of action. Green method was created for the synthesis of Hematite...
Formulation and enhancement of dissolution rate of poorly aqueous soluble drug Aceclofenac by solid dispersion method: In vitro study
January 2020
Solid dispersion technique was successfully used to enhance the dissolution of poorly aqueous soluble drugs aceclofenac. Four carriers Hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Mannitol and Dextrose in two ratios (1:2, 1:3 w/w) were used to prepare solid dispersion. Eight different formulations were designed by the varying carrier and the drug: Carrier ratio and solvent wetting method was used for...
Histopathological and genetic study on the protective role of β-Carotene on testicular tissue of adult male albino rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles
January 2020
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are one of the famous widely produced nanoparticles in the world that are widely used in paints, cosmetics, plastics, pharmaceutical preparations, water treatment and purification and filtration of air. Beta carotene is provitamin A carotenoid with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the histopathological changes that occur in the testicular...
Evaluation of pharmaceuticals in household waste in Senador Canedo, State of Goiás, Brazil
January 2020
The disposal of pharmaceuticals has become a problem for society and public health and causes risks to the environment. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the number of pharmaceuticals and the classes of the most discarded pharmaceuticals in household waste in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil. The study was conducted in Senador Canedo, GO, Brazil (16° 42' 28'' S, 49° 5'...
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of extracts from Balanites aegyptiaca L. Delile (Balanitaceae) root bark: Plant used against liver diseases in Bukina Faso
December 2019
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del has been used in various traditional medicines against inflammation and pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic, anti-oedmeatous and analgesic activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del root bark in mice. The extracts were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit the enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) and...
Non-adherence to statins therapy and its impact on cardiac morbidity and mortality: A metanalysis
December 2019
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Statins have been shown to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and in patients with hyperlipidemia. However, there is a significant gap between expected and actual benefits; this may be attributed to poor adherence to statin therapy. Literature search was conducted by...
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Pterocarpus santalinoides methanol leaf extract
December 2019
This study evaluated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities (AA) of Pterocarpus santalinoides methanol leaf extract (PSMLE) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Thirty male albino rats randomly assigned into 6 groups (A – F) of 5 rats each were used for the in vivo study. Hepatotoxicity was induced in groups A – E using CCl4. Group A served as negative control....
Therapeutic effectiveness assessment of antiviral drugs used in chronic hepatitis treatment in three Ivorian university hospitals
December 2019
This work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs used for the management of chronic viral hepatitis in the three major university hospitals in Abidjan. This is a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study of 203 patients investigated for treatment protocols, patient parameters before and after treatment. It emerged that treatment with pegylated Interferon alpha 2a resulted in a significant decrease in viremia...
Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial evaluation of leaf and bark extracts of Alstonia boonei
November 2019
The antibacterial effect of the leaf, bark and leaf and bark combined of Alstonia boonei on bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium was determined using agar diffusion technique to investigate their efficacy as anti-bacterial agent. The phytochemical components...
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