Assessment of household knowledge, attitude and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among residents of Lusaka City, Zambia
August 2020
Medicines play an important role in treating different diseases and conditions, but when left unused or to expire at home and improperly disposed, they may cause environmental pollution and can be hazardous to health. In this study, assessment of household knowledge attitude and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among residents was done in selected areas of Lusaka City, Zambia. This was...
Jatropha dioica, an Aztec plant with promising pharmacological properties: A systematic review
July 2020
Few pharmacological and toxicological studies have been conducted to demonstrate the usefulness and safety of using the Jatropha dioica extract. The aim of this study was to update the state of the art on the chemical composition, pharmacology, and toxicology of the species J. dioica, to find new possible applications. A search of different databases was carried out on the internet, specifically in Science Direct,...
Antibacterial activities of Camellia sinensis plant extracts against uropathogenic E. coli in vitro and in vivo
July 2020
This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Camellia sinensis (Green tea) against Escherichia coli implicated in urinary tract infections. Antibacterial activities of these plant extracts were tested against 10 multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates obtained from clinical specimens of UTI patients. Forty-five (45) Wister albino rats were used for this...
Prescribing errors among family and community medicine center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
July 2020
Prescribing errors are common. Available data on these errors, particularly in family community centers in Saudi Arabia, presents a problem that must be addressed. The aim of this study is to investigate the rate and types of prescribing errors at an ambulatory care setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected to cover a 12-month period. A prospective review of hand-written prescriptions was made by a trained...
Levels of red blood cells derived microparticles in stored erythrocyte concentrate
July 2020
There is increasing evidence of the clinical importance of microparticles (MPs) and their role in blood transfusion-related side effects and the transmission of pathogens. The study aims to examine the red blood cell-derived MPs in blood bags during storage under standardized blood bank conditions. The samples were tested at various times to demonstrate the presence of RBC-derived MPs by flow cytometry. The quantitative...
Bioactivities of stem bark of Albizia chinensis Osbeck. Merr., Chakua Koroi of Bangladesh
July 2020
Albizia chinensis Osbeck. Merr. (Family: Fabaceae) is quite abundant in Bangladesh. The plant has a history of its traditional use in scorpion and snake bite. This investigation was designed to analyze the analgesic, anti-diarrheal and anti-inflammatory potentials along with sleep inducing property of the crude methanol extract of stem bark of Albizia chinensis Osbeck. Merr. Peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated...
Morbidity rate of drug-susceptible tuberculosis and its medico-economic impact
July 2020
This assessment aims to identify the increasing number of morbidity of drug susceptible tuberculosis (TB) and its treatment outcomes, government cost of medicines as well as the economic impact on society. A retrospective observational study had been conducted in a government hospital using a patient’s record from 2013 to 2017, treated under the Direct Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) program in Karachi,...
Phytochemical screening and toxicological effects of Amblygonocarpus andongensis aqueous stem bark extract in wistar albino rat
June 2020
Amblygonocarpus andongenesis is being used as antipsychotic. Hence, it may portend high risk of toxicosis. In view of this, phytochemical screening and toxicological effects of aqueous stem bark extract of the plant was studied in wistar albino rats. Qualitative screening of the stem bark extract revealed the presence of alkaloid, hydrolysable tannin, saponin, glycoside, cardiac glycoside, saponin glycoside and...
Nutrients in Amazonian fruit pulps with functional and pharmacological interest
June 2020
In this research, nine fruits cultivated in Northern Amazon were studied: Abiu, acerola, araçá, bacupari, biribá, camu-camu, fruta-do-conde, graviola and taperebá, with the objective of carrying out a proximate and nutritional study of the pulps of the Northern Amazon fruits. They were graviola (76.83 ± 0.02 Kcal 100 g-1), bacupari (53.15 ± 0.02 Kcal 100 g-1) and fruta-do-conde...
Haematology, serum biochemistry and histopathological findings associated with sub-chronic administration of methanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides DC in albino rats
June 2020
The effects of sub-chronic administration of Pterocarpus santalinoides methanol leaf extract (PSME) on haematology, serum biochemistry and histology of albino rats were evaluated. Twenty female albino rats, randomly assigned into four groups (A-D) of five rats each, were used for the study. Groups A-C were treated orally with 500, 250 and 50 mg/kg PSME, respectively, while Group D was given distilled water as placebo at...
Nutritional characterization pulp of Chrysobalanus icaco L.
June 2020
After Southeast Asia, Brazil is the second largest producer of tropical fruits having more than 500 species, and many of these have high potential regarding nutritional content that can be marketed. Among them, Chrysobalanus icaco L., which can be found in abundance in several countries of South America stands out. Among its nutritional profile, it had low value of titratable acidity (0.41 ± 0.02%) and lipid...
Prevalence and the level of evidences supporting off-label prescribing of antidepressant, antipsychotic and antiepileptic drugs in Makkah Almukarramah: A case sectional study
June 2020
Off-label prescribing is very common among physicians, particularly among psychiatrists and there is limited information regarding the extent of the unapproved drug use in Makkah city. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of off-label indications for antidepressant, antipsychotic and antiepileptic and the strength of evidence supporting use of the prescribed drug for the respective indication. A case...
The potential cardioprotective effects of Febuxostat versus Cilostazol on Isoproterenol induced cardiac dysfunction in rats
May 2020
Myocardial infarction causes an acute condition of necrosis of the myocardium resulting in increased production of free radicals and decreased levels of antioxidants. It was proposed that Febuxostat reduced myocardial oxidative stress and suppressed apoptosis. Cilostazol used to treat claudication has a growing evidence, suggesting that Cilostazol could be cardioprotective. This work aims to highlight the potential...
Comparative effect on liver fibrosis of bicyclol and silymarin
May 2020
Bicyclol and silymarin are widely used in the treatment of various liver diseases; however, there is no report on comparative effect of them on liver fibrosis. To compare their liver protective effect, liver fibrosis rats induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) were orally treated with 100 mg/kg bicyclol and 100 mg/kg silymarin respectively for 4 weeks. Liver index, liver function activities, inflammatory biomarkers,...
Designing polyethylene oxide and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrix tablets with comparable dissolution properties
May 2020
PolyoxTM coagulant (molecular weight 5 × 106 Da) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M (USP substitution type 2208) were used to identify the composition variables that ensure the production of polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix tablets with the same dissolution characteristics as those containing HPMC. Based on the dissolution results obtained using Apparatus 3, a 53% concentration of PEO polymer in the...
Chemical characterization of seeds of Amazon fruits as nutritional contribution with functional medicinal potential
May 2020
The fruit seeds of the Northern Amazon Region were evaluated bromatologically and nutritionally in terms of the level of macro- and micro-elements and fatty acids present in them. Bromatologically, the seeds of camu-camu (369.08 kcal 100 g-1) and biribá (364.78 kcal 100 g-1) have the highest energy value. In terms of the macroelements, the highest concentration was potassium (554.23 mg 100 g-1) seen in graviola,...
Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activities of Sansevierialiberica as justification for its antidiabetic claims
April 2020
Diabetes has become a global emergency because of its high prevalence, morbidity and mortality while the available hypoglycaemic drugs possess various adverse effects and are expensive. This has necessitated a continuous search for cheaper antidiabetic agents of plant origin with fewer or no side effects. The study evaluated the antihyperglycaemic activities of the methanol extract of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and...
A preliminary study to assess knowledge, preferences, and perception of adult population of Karachi about scored and colored oral solid dosage form
April 2020
Beyond the pharmacological activity, the differences have been observed in the preferences of solid dosage form on the basis of color and swallowing difficulty in the studies conducted by a different researcher. The aim of the study is to insight the perception of the general population of Karachi about the color, scoring and splitting of tablets. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data. Knowledge,...
Biological activities of Bonsupari (Caryota urens L.) fruits
April 2020
In Asian subcontinent, Caryota urens L. plant is well known. Its leaf has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The work aims to analyze the composition of the plant’s fruit extract and its aqueous and organic soluble fractions for its cytotoxic, thrombolytic, antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial properties. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay,...
Chemical composition of essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. and antioxidant activity from Boa Vista-RR, Brazil
April 2020
In this work, the chemical composition of the essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) was determined by CG-FID.In the essential oil of M. officinalis,there area total of 22 chemical constituents, among them are geranial (34.6%), neral (26.0%), γ-caryophyllene (7.5%), caryophyllene oxide (5.3%), ï-pinene (5.3%) and sabinene (3.6%); it also has antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compounds in...
Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles from Butea monosperma on MCF-7 Cells
February 2020
Silver nanoparticles (Hematite (α-Fe2O3) have been used as an antimicrobial and as disinfectant. Nevertheless, there is limited data about its antitumor potential. This study focused on investigating the cytotoxic effects of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) from Butea monosperma flower extract on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and its mechanism of action. Green method was created for the synthesis of Hematite...
Evaluation of pharmaceuticals in household waste in Senador Canedo, State of Goiás, Brazil
January 2020
The disposal of pharmaceuticals has become a problem for society and public health and causes risks to the environment. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the number of pharmaceuticals and the classes of the most discarded pharmaceuticals in household waste in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil. The study was conducted in Senador Canedo, GO, Brazil (16° 42' 28'' S, 49° 5'...
Histopathological and genetic study on the protective role of β-Carotene on testicular tissue of adult male albino rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles
January 2020
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are one of the famous widely produced nanoparticles in the world that are widely used in paints, cosmetics, plastics, pharmaceutical preparations, water treatment and purification and filtration of air. Beta carotene is provitamin A carotenoid with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the histopathological changes that occur in the testicular...
Formulation and enhancement of dissolution rate of poorly aqueous soluble drug Aceclofenac by solid dispersion method: In vitro study
January 2020
Solid dispersion technique was successfully used to enhance the dissolution of poorly aqueous soluble drugs aceclofenac. Four carriers Hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Mannitol and Dextrose in two ratios (1:2, 1:3 w/w) were used to prepare solid dispersion. Eight different formulations were designed by the varying carrier and the drug: Carrier ratio and solvent wetting method was used for...
Therapeutic effectiveness assessment of antiviral drugs used in chronic hepatitis treatment in three Ivorian university hospitals
December 2019
This work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs used for the management of chronic viral hepatitis in the three major university hospitals in Abidjan. This is a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study of 203 patients investigated for treatment protocols, patient parameters before and after treatment. It emerged that treatment with pegylated Interferon alpha 2a resulted in a significant decrease in viremia...
Non-adherence to statins therapy and its impact on cardiac morbidity and mortality: A metanalysis
December 2019
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Statins have been shown to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and in patients with hyperlipidemia. However, there is a significant gap between expected and actual benefits; this may be attributed to poor adherence to statin therapy. Literature search was conducted by...
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Pterocarpus santalinoides methanol leaf extract
December 2019
This study evaluated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities (AA) of Pterocarpus santalinoides methanol leaf extract (PSMLE) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Thirty male albino rats randomly assigned into 6 groups (A – F) of 5 rats each were used for the in vivo study. Hepatotoxicity was induced in groups A – E using CCl4. Group A served as negative control....
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of extracts from Balanites aegyptiaca L. Delile (Balanitaceae) root bark: Plant used against liver diseases in Bukina Faso
December 2019
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del has been used in various traditional medicines against inflammation and pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic, anti-oedmeatous and analgesic activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del root bark in mice. The extracts were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit the enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) and...
Cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, phenol and flavonoid contents, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and antioxidant activity of Maerua pseudopetalosa (Gilg and Bened) De Wolf fractions
November 2019
Maerua pseudopetalosa (Gilg and Bened.) De Wolf tubers which are used traditionally as antitumor agent in Sudan were subjected to separation by column chromatography technique. Eight fractions were obtained for the ethyl acetate extract and twelve for the ethanolic extract. The ethanolic fractions F8, F9, F11 and F12, with high bioactivity were subjected to further investigations....
Evaluation of the immunomodulatory properties and microbial bioburden of three commercial herbal mixtures sold in Awka, Anambra State Nigeria
November 2019
The consumption of herbal medicine and herbal medicinal products has been on the rise lately. This has led to an increase in research on herbal medicine and its different formulations to gain more knowledge in their constituents, therapeutic effects, its mechanism, and their undesired or toxic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate toxicity profile, phytochemical constituents, microbial quality and...
Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial evaluation of leaf and bark extracts of Alstonia boonei
November 2019
The antibacterial effect of the leaf, bark and leaf and bark combined of Alstonia boonei on bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium was determined using agar diffusion technique to investigate their efficacy as anti-bacterial agent. The phytochemical components...
Acquaintance of Botox: A cross-sectional survey among female students in Karachi, Pakistan
November 2019
The cosmetic treatment strategies have been considerably popular over the last few decades among the population with respect to age, gender, and ethnicity. These procedures are easily accessible safer, minimally invasive, and more precise. Botox therapy is one of the most common non-surgical cosmetic treatment. Thus, the current study was accomplished to assess the knowledge of female students towards Botox therapy for...
Effect of the anticancer drug tamoxifen on chronic toxoplasmosis in experimentally infected rats
October 2019
Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic parasite that can cause severe disorders in infants and pregnant women and can also be lethal in immunologically compromised individuals. During unfit host immune conditions, and as a consequence to latent stage opportunity, the protozoan stimulates serious infection, and signifies higher morbidity and mortality including humans with Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or...
Pharmaceutical polymorphisms and its influence on the dissolution profile of two pioglitazone brands
October 2019
1Pharmacognosy Laboratory,Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Juarez Durango State University, Mexico. 2Technology and health laboratory, Academic Coordination Altiplano Region, Autonomy University of San Luis, Potosi, Mexico.
Tremendous health benefits and clinical aspects of Smilax china
October 2019
A lot of species of Smilax known as Baqia in China are used in folk medicine for various purposes. Smilax china L., is a small vine that grows in the southern parts of China, known as Jin Gang Ten, which has a long history of indigenous use in China. S. china consists of fat, saponins, glucosides, gum, starch, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. S. china has been used in traditional Chinese medicine because it has...
Prevalence and indication of gabapentin and pregabalin prescriptions among adults in King Abdulaziz Hospital in Makkah AL-Mukarramah, KSA
October 2019
Gabapentin and pregabalin prescribing have increased substantially over the recent years. Some evidence supports that gabapentin and pregabalin use in non-neuropathic pain disorders indicates they are less effective than several other licensed non-opioid analgesics. On the other hand, other studies have shown that those drugs are to be beneficial in the treatment of non-neuropathic pain and improves the analgesic...
Evaluation of hypoglycemic activity and safety of Carica papaya seed extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic mice
October 2019
Carica papaya is used for the treatment of many diseases such as stomach upsets, diarrhoea, bilharzia, diabetes. The study aims to evaluate the safety and hypoglycemic potential effect of Carica papaya seeds on alloxan induced diabetic mice. DCM extracts were examined for the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, tannins and alkaloids. Toxicity profile was established at 5, 50, 200, 300 and 2000 mg/kg...
Tolerance and observance of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis at the university Hospital Bogodogo, Burkina Faso
September 2019
This study is aimed at assessing tolerance and observance of the patients with RA (rheumatoid arthritis) treated by methotrexate at University Hospital Bogodogo, in Burkina Faso. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2015 in outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis monitored in rheumatology service. Data were obtained from interview, by reviewing medical cards of the patients and consultation report...
Effects of methanolic tuber extract of Cyperus esculentus Linn (tiger nuts) on sub-acute liver damage in albino rats
September 2019
This study evaluated the effects of Cyperus esculentus methanolic tuber extract (CEME) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced sub-acute liver damage in albino rats. Dried tubers of C. esculentus were pulverized and extracted by cold maceration, using 80% methanol. Thirty albino rats, randomly assigned to 6 groups (A–F) of 5 each were used for the study. Sub-acute liver damage was induced in Groups A-E rats using...
Canvassing of biological attributes by In vitro screening of Canarium bengalense
September 2019
Various Hoang family remedies known as Dai-Thien-Nuong, utilize Canarium bengalense Roxb. (Family: Burseraceae) as a major component for the treatment of tumor and liver damage. This study was performed using the crude methanol extract of C. bengalense Roxb. bark and its petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane and aqueous soluble fractions for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing and...
24 h pre-incubation of EA.hy926 cells with angiotensin II regulates insulin-dependent activation of eNOS in a concentration-dependent manner
September 2019
The rennin-angiotensin II system (RAS) and the insulin-PI3kinase signalling pathways cross-interact with important physiological and pathophysiological consequences for cells and the whole organism. Here, the effect of 24 h pre-incubation of EA.hy926 with two different concentrations of angiotensin II, on insulin-mediated activation of the PI3kinase-AKT-eNOS signalling was investigated. Quiescent EA.hy926 cells were...
Use of medicinal plants for the treatment of gastric ulcer in some parts of Southwestern Nigeria
September 2019
Ulcer is erosion in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. It is caused by disruption of the gastric mucosal defense and repair systems. There has been much interest in natural medicines derived from traditional knowledge of pharmacological properties of plants recently. The major aim of this study was to conduct an ethnobotanical survey of plants used in the treatment of Gastric ulcers in some local government areas of...
Sciatica: Medical treatment or Physiotherapy?
August 2019
Low back pain is usually self-limiting. It has a sizeable impact on patients, and is associated with high healthcare and societal costs as much as $16 billion each year. Patients are commonly treated in primary care but a small proportion is referred to secondary care and may eventually have surgery. There are numerous treatment approaches for sciatica. Many people receive only medical treatment and are unaware of the...
Antibacterial activities of three medicinal plant extracts and their synergistic effect on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from burn wounds
August 2019
This study was undertaken to investigate the antibacterial activities of three medicinal plant extracts and their synergistic effect on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from burn wounds. A total of 50 swab samples of burn wounds were collected from burn wound patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki and screened for S. aureus using standard microbiological techniques. Three plant materials (Cucurbita pepo...
Efficacy of transurethral resection of prostate in patients of benign prostatic hyperplasia with lower urinary tract symptoms
August 2019
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been the prime procedure for decenniums to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but is mainly predicated on historic data that lacks utilization of validated measures. It is noteworthy that TURP done nowadays significantly differs from that performed 30 years ago. Men who had undergone TURP between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed. 50 patients presented in the...
Acute toxicity evaluation of ethanolic extract of the air parts of Sida rhombifolia L., in wistar rats
August 2019
Sida rhombifolia L., popularly known in Brazil as "SIDA" or "mata-pasto", is considered a weed; a plant of the American continent and widely distributed in North Africa, belongs to the Malvaceae family. In Brazil, S. rhombifolia L. is scattered throughout the national territory, infesting agricultural crops. Certain species of the genus Sida, including S. rhombifolia, are widely used in Indian,...
Antioxidant and cicatrizing activity of the species Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & J. W. Grimes
August 2019
In equine clinics, skin injuries are some of the most frequently treated injuries, this research evaluated the healing potential and antioxidant activity of Abarema cochliacarpos in order to develop a pharmaceutical formulation for treating skin lesions in horses. Firstly, the antioxidant activity of several fractions was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical method and the thiobarbituric acid test....
Phytochemical analysis and investigation of sedative-hypnotic activity of methanolic stem bark extract of Ficus abutilifolia in mice
July 2019
Most of the sedative drugs cause dose-dependent depression of the central nervous system (CNS) leading to hypnosis and possibly anaesthesia, however, these agents are associated with some side effects ranging from digestive, respiratory, immune system dysfunctions, cognitive function deterioration, tolerance, and physical dependence, hence investigations of newer and safer agents is therefore imperative. The current...
Aflatoxin M1 in cheese samples from the Amazon Region
July 2019
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a mycotoxin that can be found in cheeses and makes the monitoring of this food of public health interesting. In Brazil, the Amazon region has a cattle herd with dairy production of cheese, and an evaluation of the food and its risk to the population is required. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of AFM1, moisture content (mc) and water activity (aw) in different cheeses types,...
Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extracts of Carica papaya leaves using Paramphistomum cervi and Haemonchus contortus
July 2019
The aim of this present study is to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of leaves extracts of Carica papaya using Paramphistomum cervi and Haemonchus contortus as the test worms. A range of concentrations (100, 50 and 25%) of ethanolic extracts of C. papaya were tested to assay the procedure. This is mainly applied for the determination of time of death (D) and time of paralysis (P) of the tested worms. After the...
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