The effect of commercially available chicken feed and chicken meat on body weight and serum estrogen levels in female albino Wistar rats
February 2017
In Pakistan, the most favorable consumption in meat nowadays is chicken. The inclination of the dietary pattern to chicken meat more than red meat may be because of its better taste, easy availability and low cost. At the same time, there is an increase in prevalence of polycystic ovaries 5 to 10% in Pakistan. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the chicken feed and chicken meat on the growth,...
Evaluation of oestrus synchronization and mass artificial insemination service of dairy cattle in Mizan Aman area, Bench Maji zone, South West Ethiopia
January 2017
The objectives of this study were to assess the hormonal response, conception rate, calving rate and perception of farmers towards the technology. From 220 cows and heifers brought by farmers for the services, 65% (143) that fulfilled the selection criteria were selected and injected with 2 ml of Cloprostenol. Data on the history of each heifers and cows, number of heifers and cows responsive to hormonal treatment,...
Handling practices and microbial contamination sources of raw milk in rural and peri urban small holder farms in Nakuru County, Kenya
January 2017
The cow, the milking and milk handling procedures at the farm level expose the milk to potential risk of contamination with spoilage microorganisms. Milk contamination if not prevented will lead to milk losses along the dairy value chain. The objective of this study was therefore to identify the risk factors associated with contamination of milk with spoilage microorganisms at the farms in rural and peri urban in Nakuru...
Effects of tanniferous browse plant supplementation on the nutrient digestibility and growth of Djallonké rams
December 2016
Two separate experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of tanniferous (CT) browse plant supplementation on the growth, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical properties of Djallonké sheep. The browse plants were Albizia lebbeck, Gmelina arborea, Senna siamea and Ceiba pentandra and were harvested from natural grazing fields within the vicinity of Nyankpala in Ghana. In experiment I, 20...
Performance and Haematological Parameters of Rabbits fed graded levels of Bitter kola (Garcinia kola)
December 2016
The need to reduce cost of production of meat animal has necessitated the use of plant materials with medicinal properties as feed additives capable of minimizing the influence of pathogenic microbes and improving performance of the animal. This study investigated the effect of such medicinal plant materials Garcinia kola on the growth performance and the haematological parameters of 20 weeks old rabbits. Thirty six...
Effect of three different diets on sensory attributes and meat quality of feedlot finished Tswana yearling steers
December 2016
The study was conducted to assess the effect of roughage source on meat quality and sensory attributes of yearling Tswana cattle. The sensory traits and meat quality of yearling Tswana steers fed maize stover diet (treatment A), sorghum stover diet (treatment B) or commercial beef finisher diet (treatment Control) were evaluated and allotted feeding trial by adopting Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The commercial...
Fertility and Hatchability Performance of Pure and Crossbred Indigenous Chicken Strains in the High Rainforest Zone of Nigeria
December 2016
The effect of strains on fertility, hatchability, and embryo mortality of indigenous chicken reared in the high rain forest zone of Nigeria was investigated. In this investigation, indigenous chicken with normal feathered phenotype, naked neck, and frizzle feathered phenotype which consisted of 10 cocks and 35 hens as the parents were used. They were put in 7 breeding groups: (1) Normal feathered cock with normal...
Characterization of village chicken production systems and challenges across agro-climatic zones in Ethiopia
November 2016
The aims of the study were to characterize the socio-economic features of village chicken producers, types of chicken production systems, flock management practices, family task sharing and production constraints in lowland, midland and highland of Ethiopia. Data were collected at 360 rural households of which 120 were from lowland, 160 midland and 80 highlands. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect the data...
Assessment of livestock feed resources and feeding systems in Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia
November 2016
The study was conducted in east Hararghe zone of Oromia regional state, eastern Ethiopia to assess the major available livestock feed resources. A total of 150 households with experience in livestock keeping practice for at least two years were selected. All respondents indicated that shortage of feed resources, dominance of unpalatable forages and low nutritive values of usable forages were the major feed problems....
The husbandry practices of dairy cattle, feed resources, and dairy products processing and marketing in Sinana District of Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
November 2016
The study was conducted to assess the husbandry practices of dairy cattle, feed resources, and dairy products processing and marketing systems. Stratified random sampling was applied to select 213 households from urban, peri-urban and rural areas. Structured questionnaire were used to collect primary information. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the collected data. The study found that 2.5(0.11) dairy...
Comparative study of Indigenous pig production in Vietnam and Sri Lanka
October 2016
Smallholder pig farming is an important livelihood source in many rural communities of countries in Asia region such as Vietnam and Sri Lanka. The indigenous pig population is diminishing over the years and it requires a better attention for conservation and sustainable utilization. The objectives of this study were to identify the pig farming system characteristics and investigate the effect of these characteristics on...
Impact of conformation traits on genetic evaluation of length of productive life of holstein cattle
September 2016
Length of productive life is an important economic trait in dairy cattle that has shown to have a genetic component and thus, it is subject to improvement through selection. Lifetime records of 13,659 Holstein cows from 72 herds, calving for the first time between January 2000 and December 2014 and their conformation, milk yield (ME 305 d milk) and pedigree information were used to evaluate the relationship of...
Characterization of low cost village Poultry production in Rwanda
September 2016
A study was conducted on 262 indigenous poultry farmers in Rwanda to assess the current status of low cost village poultry production. Majority of the respondents were male (59%) mainly (70.2%) located in urban and Per-urban areas. The majority (56.9%) had primary education and kept the dwarf type (53.5%) followed by the long legged type (26.9%). Stocking birds were mainly sourced from Neighbors (50.8%) and markets...
Effects of pre-weaning feed supplementation and total versus fenceline weaning on the physiology and performance of beef steers
August 2016
Forty-eight Angus steers (208 ±15 days of age) housed on pasture with their dams, were divided equally based on initial body weight (BW; 312 ± 28 kg), and assigned randomly to assess whether receiving a palatable, high fiber supplement (YS; 4.5 kg/cow-calf/day) versus no supplement (NS) for 7 days prior to weaning alters the steers’ acute stress response following separation from its dam. Steers were...
Study on cattle management and marketing practices in Afar region
August 2016
This study attempted to assess cattle management and marketing practices in Afar region. 178 household heads were selected and interviewed from three major cattle producing districts, Aysaita, Chifra and Amibara. With an overall average cattle holding of 17.4 heads per household, cattle were kept by 95.5% of the herd owners mainly for milk production. Livestock sale, land rent and crop sale were the first, second and...
Inventory of pig production systems in Rwanda
July 2016
Pig production systems in Rwanda are not well understood to enable effective exploitation of their potential for rural poverty alleviation and human nutrition. A study was therefore conducted to characterize the current status of pig production systems in Rwanda. Questionnaires were administered to 179 semi-intensive and intensive pig farmers randomly selected at sector level. Data were processed in statistical package...
Effect of replacing soybean meal (Glycine max) with kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) on egg quality parameter of white Leghorn layers
June 2016
An experiment was undertaken in Haramaya University to find out the effect of replacing Soybean meal (SBM) by processed kidney bean (PKB) on egg quality parameters. To carry out the experiment, 180 white leghorn hens of similar initial body weight of 1121.17 g ± 24.92 and 6.5 months of age and 30 cocks were randomly distributed into five treatments using complete randomized design (CRD). Each treatment consisting...
Role of probiotics in rumen fermentation and animal performance: A review
May 2016
Probiotics, live cells with different beneficial characteristics have been extensively studied and explored commercially in many different products in the world. Their benefits to human and animal have been supported in hundreds of scientific papers. Ruminant animals principally depend on microbial degradation of their feed rather than on direct enzyme degradation as in most non-ruminants. Microbial feed additives used...
Anti-nutritional and phytochemical profile of some plants grazed upon by ruminants in North Central Nigeria during the dry season (January to April)
April 2016
During the dry season, most plants and grasses dry up and ruminants are left with fewer plants to graze on. The plants available during such periods have relatively lower moisture contents and higher antinutritional factors because of the dry nature of the soil and prevalent atmospheric conditions. Increased levels of antinutritional factors above acceptable values, could have a detrimental effect on the metabolic and...
Effects of initial handling practices on behavior and average daily gain of fed steers
March 2016
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between handling methods, cattle behavior during handling, and average daily gain (ADG) of feed yard cattle. Hereford steers (n = 496; initial body weight [BW] = 304 ± 35.6 kg) of similar genetic background were enrolled in this study after arrival at a commercial feed yard in Southwest Kansas. Two handling conditions prior to the working barn...
A review on cattle husbandry practices in Ethiopia
February 2016
The aim of this paper was to review cattle husbandry practices (feeding, breeding, watering and health care) and production systems in Ethiopia, identifying constraints limiting the production and quantifying cattle feed resources, specifically. Highland crop-livestock farming system in Ethiopia encompasses nearly 40% of the country’s land area, while lowlands areas cover about 60% of the country’s land...
Haemorrhagic septicaemia outbreaks in cattle with high mortality following wrong vaccinations in Adamawa and Taraba States, Nigeria
January 2016
Two outbreaks of haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) following wrong administration of contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia (CBPP) vaccine (CBPPV) combined with black quarter vaccine (BQV) and administration of CBPPV alone, respectively were investigated in cattle herds in Adamawa and Taraba States of Nigeria. Two of the nomadic Fulani cattlemen independently purchased the CBPP and BQ vaccines in October, 2006 at the Zonal...
Wool production of Romney Marsh Criollo Chiapas sheep breed and their crosses analyzed by random regression
December 2015
Wool produced (kg of fleece/shearing) by 371 sheep from the genetic groups of Romney Marsh (31) Criollo Chiapas sheep (135) and their hybrids (205) was analyzed using repeated measures models and random regression analysis. One thousand one hundred and eight production records collected over a period of 12 years, under extensive production conditions in the region of the Altos de Chiapas, Mexico, were analyzed. The...
Assessment of potential of natural pasture and other feed resources in sweet potato production system of Shebedino District, Sidama Zone, SNNPRS, Ethiopia
August 2015
Potential of natural pasture in Shebedino district, Southern Ethiopia was assessed. Based on availability and practice of supplementation of sweet potato vine (SPV) for livestock, 6 representative kebeles were selected from among 3 towns, 4 Degas, 15 sweet-potato-producing (SPP) and 13 sweet-potato-non-producing (SPNP) Kebeles. From each Kebele 30 households (HHs) were randomly selected and interviewed. Grazing land was...
Rural farm families’ probable acceptability of small ruminant’s milk for consumption in Ogun State
July 2015
The nutritional intake of the rural households, which is largely characterised by carbohydrates at the expense of protein intake, has the potentials of being improved through the consumption of sheep and goats’ milk. With the widespread of small ruminant keeping by rural households in most developing countries, the study embarked on investigation of possible acceptability of sheep and goats’ milk for...
Statistical determination of chick sex from pre-hatch egg measurements
July 2015
This study was aimed at using weight and morphometric measures of hatching eggs to predict the sex of chicks they would produce a priori, by building a statistical discriminant function. The data for the study came from three different strains (Anak, Marshall and Ross) of broiler hens that have adapted well to the hot humid environment of South Western Nigeria. A total of 1826 hatching eggs of the three...
Isolation, identification of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine milk and its antibiotics susceptibility
June 2015
The isolation, identification of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine milk and its antibiotic susceptibility was studied. One milliliter of each freshly drawn milk sample was inoculated into 9 ml of sterile peptone water and incubated overnight. A loop full of peptone water broth was streaked on blood agar base enriched with sheep blood using the quadrant streaking method for each quarter. Blood agar plates were incubated...
Effects of water exchange on water quality parameters, nutrient utilization and growth of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
May 2015
This experiment investigated the effects of water exchange on water quality parameters and growth of Clarias gariepinus. 225 C. gariepinus of mean weight 2.60 ± 0.01 g were stocked at 15 fish per treatment in three replicates. Water quality and growth parameters such as mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were calculated using standard...
Productive performance evaluation of Dorper sheep crosses (50% Dorper × pure Adilo indigenous sheep breed) under farmer conditions in different agro ecological zones
May 2015
A case history based study was conducted in Wolaita and Siltie zones, with the objectives of evaluating the productive performance of Dorper sheep crosses. The study woreda were purposively selected from two zones, on the basis of Dorper sheep breed distribution with purposive sampling techniques. Households of all farmers who received the Dorper sheep breed were monitored by establishing sample frame. Production data...
Effect of a liquid extract of Moringa oleifera on body weight gain and overall body weight of weaning pigs
May 2015
Weaning piglets were continuously delivered a fermented extract of Moringa oleifera at a dilution of 1/250 in the drinking water beginning at 21 or 28 days of age. Weekly body weight and weight gain were measured for 5 consecutive weeks in the fermented extract treated and the control group. There was no significant difference between those groups (P<0.05), except the body weight gain in the period 21-28 days...
Studies on the calf mortality pattern in Gir breed
April 2015
This study aims to investigate calf mortality pattern in Gir breed. Research data were collected from the records of Gir herd, maintained at Kasturba Gandhi National Memorial Trust, Dairy Farm Kasturbagram Khandwa Road, Indore M.P., covering a period of 16 years (from 1994 to 2009). The period-wise distribution of calf mortality showed that highest mortality rate (18.9%) was recorded in period P4 (2006 to 2009) and the...
Welfare issues of calf management practices in small scale dairy farms, Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka
April 2015
Public concern on welfare of dairy calves remains low in Sri Lanka. Therefore, a survey was conducted to assess the welfare issues of dairy calf management practices in120 small scale dairy farms (herd size 7.85 ± 3.25: Mean ± SD) in Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka. Farmers were selected by using multistage random sampling technique and data collection was performed by the interview with the farmer using a...
Application of body volume formula for predicting live weight in Ongole crossbred cows
March 2015
Study was conducted to estimate the live weight in Ongole crossbred cow using chest girth, body length and body volume model represented by chest girth and body length dimensions in North Sulawesi province. Data on animal live weight (LW), body length (BL), chest girth (CG) and body volume were collected from cows (n=363) kept by traditional household farmers. Animal body volume was calculated using cylinder volume...
Distribution and characteristics of poultry farms in Enugu State, Nigeria after the 2007 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza
March 2015
The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution and characteristics of poultry farms in Enugu State, Nigeria after the 2007 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Structured questionnaire, interview, and physical enumeration and measurements were used to collect data on number of farms, farm capacity, farm location, type of bird reared, and socio-economic attributes of farmers. Data collected were...
Milk composition of Chiapas sheep breed under grazing conditions
February 2015
The objective of this study was to estimate and model the percentage of protein, fat, lactose, non-fatty solids and protein-fat relationship variation in a 90-day milking period, from 136 test-day milk yield records of 46 Chiapas ewes. Least square means were estimated using a mixed model with repeated measures considering year (2006 to 2007), lactation (2, 3, 4, 5), variety (white, brown and black) and the interaction...
Developing a farm audit to address the problems of stock welfare on small holder dairy farms in Asia
February 2015
The welfare of an animal relates primarily to its ability to cope, firstly with its external environment, such as housing, handing by humans, weather and the presence of other animals, and secondly with its internal environment, such as specific injuries or illnesses and nutritional status. Direct animal measurements are good indicators of animals’ current well-being and help identify longer term animal welfare...
Analysis of performance, management practices and challenges to intensive pig farming in peri-urban Kampala, Uganda
January 2015
Uganda is currently among the largest per capita consumers of pork in sub Saharan Africa. Most of this pork is consumed in “pork joints” in Kampala and other major urban centers in the country. However, the current productivity is low and cannot meet the soaring demand for pork. No information was previously available on the performance productivity of intensive piggeries in Uganda. This study was aimed at...
Characterization of pastoral herding in Kanem (Chad)
January 2015
The present survey was conducted to characterize herding practices and overall production performances of pastoral systems in the Kanem region, Chad. Overall, 69 livestock keepers were interviewed, among which 12 sedentary agro-breeders, 35 mobile agro-herders, and 22 nomadic herders. Species association is a main feature of the herd structure. Agro-herders make most often an association between cattle and small...
The effect of replacement of part of dietary crude protein with urea on the performance and carcass characteristics of grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) in captivity
December 2014
A 24 week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing a portion of protein requirement of grasscutters with urea on growth performance, carcass characteristics and microbial composition of the caecum. In all, forty grassscutters of age 3- months old were used. There were four dietary treatments with ten replicates in a randomised complete block design. The treatments were; control (U0%-P) which had...
Production practices and constraints of pig farms in N’Djamena area, Chad
December 2014
Practices and constraints of pig farming in the area of N'Djamena were submitted to transversal and retrospective and longitudinal investigation. The study concerned a sample of 176 farmers, divided in 4 of the 5 districts where pigs are raised in N'Djamena and 12 surrounding villages. The survey rate was 12% in N’Djamena and 20% in the suburban area. The monitoring concerned 8 farms in the city and 7 at...
Biosecurity practices in Central Ethiopian cattle feedlots: Its implication for live cattle export
November 2014
Biosecurity is the implementation of measures that reduce the risk of the introduction and spread of disease agents. Biosecurity is a cornerstone of herd health maintenance in export-oriented feedlots. The aim of this study was to document current biosecurity practice in export-oriented cattle feedlots in Central Ethiopia and to discuss its implication for live cattle export. In this study 31 export-oriented cattle...
Creating animal welfare assessment method for backyard goat production in the Philippines using stockmanship competence as proxy indicator
October 2014
Measuring animal welfare is a newly emerging area of research and it requires multi-disciplinary approach to achieve it. Due to the diversity of what constitute the definition of animal welfare, different methods and models have been suggested, and were mostly implemented in semi-intensive and commercial farms in developed countries. There are hardly any studies on animal welfare assessment conducted in backyard...
Analysis of creditworthiness and loan repayment among bank of agriculture loan beneficiaries (Poultry farmers) in Cross River State, Nigeria
September 2014
Due to the high rate of defaults amongst loan beneficiaries in Nigeria and Cross River State in particular, this study examined creditworthiness and loan repayment of poultry farmers in Cross River State. Specifically, the study assessed credit worthiness of borrowers, identified factors that discriminate between credit worthy and non credit worthy farmers and analyzed factors that influence the farmers' ability to...
Factors influencing urban and peri-urban dairy producers’ participation in milk value addition and volume of milk value added in Welmera Woreda, West Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
September 2014
Value addition is currently becoming an important topic in agricultural sector, especially for perishable agricultural products. The aim of this paper was to assess factors influencing urban and peri-urban dairy producers’ participation in milk value addition and volume of milk value added (VMVA) in Welmera Woreda. The study employed both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected by structured...
Relative economic value estimates of grasscutter production traits
August 2014
The study was conducted to estimate relative economic values (REVs) of survival, body weight, growth rate, reproduction, docility and food intake. Data were obtained from records of grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) kept at the grasscutter section of the Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana. Average values of production inputs and outputs parameters were computed from...
Infrastructure disparities in rural India: With special reference to livestock support services and veterinary infrastructure
August 2014
The prosperity of a country depends directly upon the development of agriculture and industry, and the production of agriculture and industry requires irrigation, power, machinery, credit, energy and telecommunication facilities, marketing services, transport services which includes railway, roads, shipping and communication facilities etc. All these facilities and services which help in industrial and agricultural...
Economics of phytase enzyme supplementation in low energy-protein layer chicken diet
July 2014
A production trial was carried out utilizing 200 single comb White Leghorn hybrid Athulya layers to study the economics of phytase supplementation at three different levels in low energy-protein diet with reference to the cost of egg production and net profit per egg for a period of 20 weeks. Phytase was supplemented at 0, 500 and 1000 units/kg in low energy, protein and energy-protein layer diets containing available...
Honeybee colony marketing and its implications for queen rearing and beekeeping development in Tigray, Ethiopia
July 2014
Colony marketing is an important venture in Werieleke district of Tigray region in Ethiopia. This research was conducted in Nebelet and Maikinetal colony market centres of the district to characterize market actors, colonies, the markets and prices by interviewing 120 market actors. This was run for 6 market days at one week interval (July to September in 2010) by interviewing 5 sellers and 5 purchasers from each market...
Analysis of the determinants of the sustainability of cattle marketing systems in Zambezi Region of north-eastern communal area of Namibia
July 2014
This article aims to contribute to a better understanding of variables that influence the motivation behind the preferred choice of cattle marketing channels in north eastern communal area of Namibia. The data required for the study were collected through a small-scale survey, key informants in-depth interviews and review of secondary data were analysed using Multinomial Logistical Regression. The results showed that...
Alternative remedies and approaches used by resources-challenged farmers in the management of cattle black-leg disease in Umzingwane district, Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe
June 2014
Cattle productivity has been minimized by the occurrence of diseases such as blackleg. This study was conducted to determine and document how resource-challenged farmers of Umzingwane district of Zimbabwe use alternative remedies to manage cattle blackleg cases. Random sampling was used to select 90 beef cattle farmers who were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that cattle...
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