Demographic and clinical determinants of multi drug resistant tuberculosis among HIV infected patients in Tanzania
September 2020
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a public health challenge, which itself remains a global public health problem. Its impact is worsened by co-infection with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In order to institute successful TB control strategies, factors for development of MDR-TB must be understood. This study aimed to identify and describe clinical and demographic determinants for development of MDR-TB...
The value of exercise therapy to asthmatic patients as an adjunct treatment
June 2020
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that adversely influences the quality of life of many South Africans. The medical management of asthma includes identification, education, medical and pharmaceutical treatment. Literature has inequitably demonstrated that habitual structured exercise therapy can be a beneficial adjunct to general medical and pharmaceutical management strategies. This clinical commentary aims to...
Information and communication technologies and patient empowerment: A complex skein
April 2020
This article aims to explore the relationship between patient empowerment and information and communication technologies (ICTs). Indeed, ICTs are considered important for increasing access to medical information and for patients’ other experiences, thereby nourishing the empowering rhetoric. The paper presents a research study conducted in Italy that focuses on the self-assessments made by online health...
Cause specific and trends of mortality in Nigeria: A six-year study of a tertiary hospital
January 2020
Mortality data necessary for proper healthcare planning, policy formulation, and implementation is hampered by a decline in hospital autopsy practice. Therefore, non-autopsy based death profile reviews provide a framework for the presentation and discussion of reliable mortality data. This study aims to present the general mortality profile of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria....
Arousal perception/misperception and total sleep time misperception in subjects with sleep disorders
May 2019
Limited studies have examined arousal perception in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or other sleep disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors that affect patients’ arousal and total sleep time perception. This is a retrospective study of 210 subjects divided into 5 groups: Primary insomnia; upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS)/primary snoring; mild, moderate and severe OSA. Perceived arousals...
Common ultramarathon trail running injuries and illnesses: A review (2007-2016)
April 2019
Regardless of the significant growth of ultra-marathon trail-running races over the last 40 years, epidemiological research is lacking. Presently, no review paper exists that integrates the empirical surveillances of ultra-marathon trail runners’ injuries and illnesses. The purpose of this work is to integrate the empirical findings of injuries and illness among trail runners during the period 2007-2016. An...
Correlates and self-management strategies of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among nursing students in a Nigerian teaching hospital
March 2019
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe premenstrual disorder characterized by distressing symptoms and significant impairments in personal, social and professional functioning. The study aimed to determine the magnitude of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and PMDD among nursing students of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 135 consenting...
Assessment of the trend and risk factors of under-five diarrhea morbidity and mortality in two selected communities in the West-Mamprusi District
March 2019
Diarrhea episodes among children under five years with its devastating consequences have been a concern to stakeholders in child survival strategy programs. Mothers are key in the prevention of diarrhea among children since they are the care givers. The main aim of this paper is to assess the trend and risk factors of under-five diarrheal disease in the study areas. Descriptive research design was employed for the...
Prevalence of preoperative hypertension and its intraoperative anesthetic management among patients undergoing elective surgery at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia
February 2019
Overall, twenty of the world’s adult populations live with hypertension. Blood pressure determination forms an integral part of anesthesiologist’s evaluation of the patient prior to and during surgery. 25% of surgical patients have hypertension preoperatively. There are several risks related to untreated preoperative hypertension in perioperative and postoperative phase. The objective of this study was to...
Prevalence and risk factors of acute backache after spinal anesthesia in surgical procedures at Asella Teaching and Referal Hospital, Asella, Ethiopia
January 2019
Spinal anesthesia is one of the routinely anesthetic procedures done in practice. Post spinal backache is one of the complications causing discomfort in patients, leading to rejection of its use for next operations. The aim of this work is to assess the prevalence and factors associated with backache after spinal anesthesia from October to January at Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Asella, Ethiopia, 2016....
Cystatin C protection of human umbilical vein endothelial cell against oxidative stress injury through activating autophagy
December 2018
Cystatin C (CysC)-induced autophagy may play a beneficial role in preventing subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm. The role of CysC in endothelial cells (ECs) autophagy is unknown. This study explores the role of CysC during the process of oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) was used to stimulate HUVECs in vitro study. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)...
Updating traumatic optic neuropathy
November 2018
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is the affectation of the visual function, secondary to a damage caused by a direct or indirect traumatic mechanism over the optic nerve. It occurs in approximately 0.5 to 5% of closed head injuries, and in 2.5% of patients with maxillofacial trauma and mid-face fractures. The types of TON are direct, anterior indirect, posterior indirect, and chiasmal. This work aims to offer an...
Collodiaphyseal angle in the diagnosis of coxa vara and coxa valga in adult Nigerans
September 2018
Collodiaphyseal angle (CDA) is the angle formed between the femoral neck axis and the diaphysis axis. The aims of this study were to determine the normal range of collodiaphyseal angle in adults and to determine any difference in the collodiaphyseal angle between right and left femur and also between sexes. 340 subjects consisting of 170 (50%) males and 170 (50%) females were included in this study. Plain radiographs...
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound scans for the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease keeping laboratory high vaginal swab/urine microscopy culture as gold standard in Anambra State, Nigeria
August 2018
Ultrasound scanning (USS) and high vaginal swab culture and urine microscopy culture and sensitivity (m/c/s) tests are the most common investigations used for the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in our locality. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of PID keeping laboratory high vaginal swab/urine microscopy, culture as gold standard. The USS, high...
Polycystic ovary syndrome: Impact of obesity and aging on the profile of gonadotrophin and adrenal hormones
July 2018
Many studies have been conducted to understand thoroughly the mechanism of polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS), but very few of them came from Africa. The aim of this study, was firstly to make a diagnostic of this syndrome, according to Rotterdam criteria, and secondly to assess the correlation of obesity and age on this pathology. The study was conducted at Bouaké, within the medical School and Hospital, during...
Factors associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia among hypertensive patients at southern Ethiopia
July 2018
Atherogenic dyslipidemia worsens cardiovascular functions and supporting data concerning dyslipidemia among hypertensive patients in Ethiopian situation is very limited. The objective of this study was to assess factors associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia among hypertensive patients at Southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 238 hypertensive participants at Hawassa University comprehensive...
Knowledge, attitude and practice of medical students towards complementary and alternate medicine
June 2018
Complementary and alternative medicine has been an important part of Pakistani culture for a long time. Whilst it is widely practiced amongst the general population, this study aims to determine attitude and practices of medical students towards complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and their willingness to learn about them and give advice to their patients about it in future. Cross sectional study was conducted...
Emerging trends in the profession of Biokinetics: A 10 year perspective (2007-2017)
June 2018
The consistent review of developing patterns in any healthcare profession is important, as this allows the determination of whether the current practitioner registry meets the healthcare demands, or whether the patient market has become oversaturated with practitioners. The South African Biokinetics profession has been established for 35 years, but as never undergone an examination of its developing trends. The aim was...
Prevalence of thyroid cancer among thyroid swelling in Jimma University Medical Center, South West Ethiopia: A five-year retrospective study
May 2018
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancies. It is postulated that goiter is a precursor lesion to the development of thyroid cancer. The worldwide prevalence of goiter in the general population is estimated at 4 to 7%. The objective of the study was to assess the burden of thyroid cancer among patients who visited Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) with thyroid swelling over the past 5 years. The...
Antibiotics prescribing patterns and incidence of respiratory tract infection in children under five years: A study in two hospitals in Accra, Ghana
April 2018
Respiratory tract infections are known to have the highest incidence and mortality rates especially among children in developing countries. Antibiotic use is common in respiratory tract infections (RTI); however, increased rates of antibiotic resistance development have prompted studies on prescribing patterns and recommendations for appropriate antibiotic use. This study aims at monitoring prescription patterns of...
Assessment of influence of student perception, knowledge, and area of specilization on ICT utilization for academic purposes in College of Health Technology, Calabar
March 2018
Information Communication Technology (ICT) application in academics and research has come to stay. While the developed world has not only embraced ICT in academics, they have gone ahead to make teaching and learning far more simpler, on the other hand most of the developed world is still grappling with the provision of basic amenities to its citizens that the idea of ICT appears farfetched and elitist. This study was...
People healed of Ebola and their psychosocial life: About 55 cases at the Donka treatment center (Conakry)
March 2018
Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is often a severe and fatal disease. The objective of this study is to identify the psychological and social problems as well as the needs of people cured of Ebola. This work is a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study done within a period of three months, from 16 November 2014 to 15 February 2015. The population of this research...
Determination, knowledge and prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension/eclampsia among women of childbearing age at Same District Hospital in Tanzania
February 2018
Several risk factors including hypertension are common complications of pregnancy with preeclampsia particularly associated with substantial risk to both the mother and fetus. This cross-sectional study involving quantitative approach was conducted in Same District Hospital in Tanzania. Data were collected from all pregnant women in the hospital using questionnaires. Respondents’ knowledge on maternal mortality...
Auditory effects of noise and its prevalence among sawmill workers
February 2018
Noise at work could be hazardous, particularly after prolonged period of exposure. Sources of noise include generators, grinding machines, loud music at home, religious houses and clubs. The objective of this study was to find the auditory effects of noise and its effects on sawmill workers. This is a prospective, community based study involving sawmill workers in Ile-Ife. The prevalence of hearing loss was...
Profile and management of community acquired pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi
February 2018
The objective of this study was to assess the demographic profile, severity of patient, co morbidity, length of stay (LOS) and management of community acquired pneumonia. The study was a prospective study and consist of 212 patients (>20 years of age) with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) hospitalized to the tertiary care hospital, situated in Karachi between 1st January, 2010 and 31st March, 2012. Information...
Health service delivery in selected municipalities in Leyte: Inputs for improved health service delivery
January 2018
Utilizing descriptive research design, this study investigated the nature and implementation extent of service delivery related to reproductive health (RH) and tuberculosis (TB) control. Data were gathered using existing data files, survey checklist questionnaires and interview schedule. The questionnaires were pilot-tested then implemented on actual respondents. Findings showed there was adequate number of needed...
The value of C–reactive protein in the diagnosis of septicaemia in children with malaria
January 2018
Malaria and septicaemia, both major causes of infant and early childhood morbidity and mortality in Nigeria, often co-exist and are difficult to differentiate. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that C-reactive protein (CRP) levels could differentiate between malaria and malaria coexisting with septicaemia. One hundred and fifty-one children aged 6 to 60 months with fever without localising signs and 141...
Descriptive analysis of neoplasias diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma (PA) that presented at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu
January 2018
Pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland is described as a slow growing painless benign tumor characterized histologically by its mixed appearance with epithelial and myoepithelial components. It occurs in both the major and minor salivary glands with the parotid gland as the commonest site for the major gland while the palate is the commonest site for the minor glands. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical...
Assessment of breast self-examination practice and associated factors among female health professionals in Western Ethiopia: A cross sectional study
December 2017
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Breast cancer incidence is increasing both in developed and developing regions. Regular breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the most cost effective methods for early detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. The aim of this study is to assess the magnitude of BSE practice and its associated factors among female health professionals working in...
External application of moisture exposed burn ointment for phlebitis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
December 2017
To evaluate the therapeutic effects of moisture exposed burn ointment (MEBO) on phlebitis, seven electronic databases where checked until September, 2016 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of MEBO on phlebitis. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane handbook guidelines. Thirty eight randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria in which the aggregated results indicated that comparison revealed...
Is moist exposed burn ointment effective for diabetic foot ulcers? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
December 2017
This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) for diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Two researchers independently assessed the quality and validity of included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in 7 electronic databases. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane handbook guidelines. Twenty seven trials which include 1,979 patients were involved for analysis. Comparison of the same...
Assessment of respiratory status among workers exposed to cotton dust at Arba Minch Textile Factory, Southern Ethiopia, 2017
November 2017
In many of the textile industries, workers are largely exposed to cotton dust, which can leave workers with respiratory disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate respiratory status of workers exposed to cotton dust in Arba Minch textile factory, Southern Ethiopia, 2017. A comparative cross sectional study was done and 51 workers exposed to cotton dust in the factory and 51 age and sex matched controls were...
Assessments of health professionals’ knowledge towards post-operative pain management in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, South East Ethiopia
November 2017
Pain is defined as any an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Adequate postoperative pain management can reduce the patients‟ length of hospitalization and decrease postoperative complications. However, post-operative pain has not been satisfactorily relieved. Thus, the aim of this work is to assess professionals’ knowledge on post-operative pain...
Correlates of abnormal hysteroscopy findings among infertile women in Nigeria
November 2017
This study aimed to evaluate the correlates of abnormal hysteroscopy among infertile women seen in 2 new Fertility/ Gynaecological Endoscopy units in Nigeria. Data was collected on biosocial and clinical characteristics of the patients as well as the findings at hysteroscopy and was analyzed with STATA software, version 12.0 SE (Stata Corporation, TX, USA) for the correlates of abnormal hysteroscopy using the...
Sociodemographic determinants of abnormal cervical cytology among HIV positive women in Nnewi, Nigeria
October 2017
Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have a higher burden of premalignant lesion of the cervix. This may be influenced by their sociodemographic profile. To study the sociodemographic determinants of abnormal cervical cytology among HIV-positive women attending the adult HIV clinic in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi (NAUTH), Nnewi, Nigeria, the Pap smears of 110 HIV-positive...
Factors affecting prolonged intensive care unit stay in Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital, Hosanna, Southern Ethiopia
September 2017
The reason for a long stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is unknown in most cases, but there are some risk factors that can prolong the patients’ stay in the ICU. However, the threshold of prolonged length of stay is useful in analyzing the quality of health care and hospital costs. The main objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting prolonged intensive care unit stay in Nigist Eleni Mohammed...
Abnormal laparoscopy findings among infertile women attending a mission hospital in Nigeria
September 2017
This research aims to study the findings from diagnostic laparoscopy among infertile women managed in a secondary healthcare center in Nigeria. This is a prospective study of eighty infertile women who had diagnostic laparoscopy in a secondary healthcare facility in Nigeria. The age range of the women was 24 to 45 years with most of them belonging to the parity group of 0 to 1 (90.0%; n=0.72). Primary infertility...
Is there a relationship between occult celiac disease and functional dyspepsia?
August 2017
This is a study to answer the question: Is there a relationship between occult celiac disease and functional dyspepsia? The study was carried out on 400 dyspeptic patients. Upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) endoscopy was done for all patients and those with non-functional dyspepsia were excluded from the study. Duodenal biopsies with histopathological examination according to the Marsh-Oberhuber criteria were done....
Malignant otitis externa: An assessment of emerging pathogens and the prognostic factors
July 2017
Although the mortalities from malignant otitis externa (MOE) have greatly reduced, it is still a potentially fatal clinical condition. This study was undertaken to review the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in MOE and to compare the behavioral pattern of cases caused by pseudomonas and non-pseudomonas organisms. A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with MOE in a tertiary institution over a 13...
Neutrophil vacuolization in peripheral blood smear assessed with May Grünwald-Giemsa stain has direct correlation with the severity of hemorrhagic shock and serum lactate in trauma patients
July 2017
Tissue trauma induces migration and activation of neutrophils through specific mediators. Vacuolated neutrophils in peripheral blood smear of septic patients correlated with mortality. However, scarce data exist with respect to findings in hemorrhagic shock (HS) trauma patients. The aim of this work was to evaluate the number and size of cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuoles in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) obtained...
Prevalence and associated factors of female genital mutilation among high school students in Dale Wabera Woreda, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
June 2017
Female genital mutilation is still a serious health problem in Ethiopia. Female genital mutilation conceptualizes harmful traditional practice and is among existing traditional attitudes and practices on practice in different corners of the world. Other than demographic and health survey data, studies showing the prevalence of female genital mutilation is scarce and in some areas nonexistent. Its existence is only, time...
Clinical outcomes of patients admitted in intensive care units of Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital of Hosanna, Southern Ethiopia
June 2017
An intensive care unit is a special department of hospital or health care facility that provides intensive treatment medicine. Critically ill patients are admitted to the intensive care unit to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with acute illness, trauma or surgical procedures. This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes of patients admitted in intensive care units of Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital of...
Correlation of lymphocyte count with serum calcium level and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis in Adamawa State, Nigeria
May 2017
Low lymphocyte count in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis was documented. This study aims to correlate the levels of lymphocyte count with serum calcium level, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in ESRD patient receiving hemodialysis in Northeast Nigeria. Seventy eight (78) patients receiving hemodialysis and 75 clinically healthy subjects (control) participated in the...
Categorization of relative risk of diseases with relation to stress, body mass index and anthropometric markers: A cross-sectional study in general population of Karachi, Pakistan
May 2017
This study aimed to evaluate stress among general population of Karachi, Pakistan and to categorize the relative risk of diseases through body mass index (BMI), as well as to categorize the relative risk of diabetes through questionnaire based scoring pattern. Study consisted of two phase study duration. Total 377 individuals were approached; only 269 individuals completed the study procedures. In phase-I, data was...
Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards rabies in Dedo district of Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study
May 2017
Rabies is a fatal neglected viral zoonosis which causes encephalitis in many warm-blooded animals and humans. It is an incurable disease once the clinical signs appear. However, it can be prevented via vaccination and community awareness. This study was therefore designed to determine the level of community knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding rabies. Cross sectional study was conducted from December...
Supply chain management of anti-malarials in the district hospitals in Kumasi Metropolitan Area, Ashanti region of Ghana
April 2017
The aim of the study was to assess the supply chain management of anti-malarials in the five district hospitals in the Kumasi Metropolitan Area (KMA) including the Regional Medical Store (RMS) and also to assess the level of knowledge of respondents on malaria in these facilities. Cross sectional study was conducted at the facilities and purposeful sampling technique was applied to select the clients and interviewed....
The assessment of fever in under-five children in the Ekounou Health Area of Yaounde, Cameroon: Usefulness of rapid diagnostic tests
April 2017
Improper diagnosis and management of febrile patients results in the persistence of malaria and other conditions with similar symptoms. The algorithm established here with Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) will help in the follow-up and treatment of fever patients according to the guidelines on Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). This study aimed at determining the causes of fever in children and at...
Death certificates errors in academic hospital; Review of 617 cases at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi
April 2017
The importance of death certification goes beyond the benefits to the health facility as they also provide invaluable legal and epidemiological benefits. Errors in filling Medical Certificates of Cause of Death (MCCD) greatly affect global mortality statistics and hence create challenges for public health programs to be executed effectively. The present study used both retrospective and prospective study design to...
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and associated factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among anesthetists working in governmental and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institutional based cross-sectional study
March 2017
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important medical procedure which is needed for individuals who face sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition and a leading cause of death among adults over the age of 40 years in the United States and other countries. Reports showed that about 1,000,000 people die of cardiac arrest every year in the United States and Europe. To assess...
Review of cardiac protein quality control and major degradation pathways
February 2017
Protein quality control (PQC) senses and repairs misfolded and or unfolded proteins. However, if the repair fails, it degrades the terminally misfolded polypeptides through an intricate collaboration between molecular chaperones and targeted proteolysis. Proteolysis of damaged proteins is performed primarily by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Macroautophagy (commonly known as autophagy) may also play a role in...
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