Neutrophil vacuolization in peripheral blood smear assessed with May Grünwald-Giemsa stain has direct correlation with the severity of hemorrhagic shock and serum lactate in trauma patients
July 2017
Tissue trauma induces migration and activation of neutrophils through specific mediators. Vacuolated neutrophils in peripheral blood smear of septic patients correlated with mortality. However, scarce data exist with respect to findings in hemorrhagic shock (HS) trauma patients. The aim of this work was to evaluate the number and size of cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuoles in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) obtained...
Malignant otitis externa: An assessment of emerging pathogens and the prognostic factors
July 2017
Although the mortalities from malignant otitis externa (MOE) have greatly reduced, it is still a potentially fatal clinical condition. This study was undertaken to review the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in MOE and to compare the behavioral pattern of cases caused by pseudomonas and non-pseudomonas organisms. A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with MOE in a tertiary institution over a 13...
Clinical outcomes of patients admitted in intensive care units of Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital of Hosanna, Southern Ethiopia
June 2017
An intensive care unit is a special department of hospital or health care facility that provides intensive treatment medicine. Critically ill patients are admitted to the intensive care unit to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with acute illness, trauma or surgical procedures. This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes of patients admitted in intensive care units of Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital of...
Prevalence and associated factors of female genital mutilation among high school students in Dale Wabera Woreda, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
June 2017
Female genital mutilation is still a serious health problem in Ethiopia. Female genital mutilation conceptualizes harmful traditional practice and is among existing traditional attitudes and practices on practice in different corners of the world. Other than demographic and health survey data, studies showing the prevalence of female genital mutilation is scarce and in some areas nonexistent. Its existence is only, time...
Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards rabies in Dedo district of Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study
May 2017
Rabies is a fatal neglected viral zoonosis which causes encephalitis in many warm-blooded animals and humans. It is an incurable disease once the clinical signs appear. However, it can be prevented via vaccination and community awareness. This study was therefore designed to determine the level of community knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding rabies. Cross sectional study was conducted from December...
Categorization of relative risk of diseases with relation to stress, body mass index and anthropometric markers: A cross-sectional study in general population of Karachi, Pakistan
May 2017
This study aimed to evaluate stress among general population of Karachi, Pakistan and to categorize the relative risk of diseases through body mass index (BMI), as well as to categorize the relative risk of diabetes through questionnaire based scoring pattern. Study consisted of two phase study duration. Total 377 individuals were approached; only 269 individuals completed the study procedures. In phase-I, data was...
Correlation of lymphocyte count with serum calcium level and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis in Adamawa State, Nigeria
May 2017
Low lymphocyte count in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis was documented. This study aims to correlate the levels of lymphocyte count with serum calcium level, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in ESRD patient receiving hemodialysis in Northeast Nigeria. Seventy eight (78) patients receiving hemodialysis and 75 clinically healthy subjects (control) participated in the...
Death certificates errors in academic hospital; Review of 617 cases at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi
April 2017
The importance of death certification goes beyond the benefits to the health facility as they also provide invaluable legal and epidemiological benefits. Errors in filling Medical Certificates of Cause of Death (MCCD) greatly affect global mortality statistics and hence create challenges for public health programs to be executed effectively. The present study used both retrospective and prospective study design to...
The assessment of fever in under-five children in the Ekounou Health Area of Yaounde, Cameroon: Usefulness of rapid diagnostic tests
April 2017
Improper diagnosis and management of febrile patients results in the persistence of malaria and other conditions with similar symptoms. The algorithm established here with Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) will help in the follow-up and treatment of fever patients according to the guidelines on Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). This study aimed at determining the causes of fever in children and at...
Supply chain management of anti-malarials in the district hospitals in Kumasi Metropolitan Area, Ashanti region of Ghana
April 2017
The aim of the study was to assess the supply chain management of anti-malarials in the five district hospitals in the Kumasi Metropolitan Area (KMA) including the Regional Medical Store (RMS) and also to assess the level of knowledge of respondents on malaria in these facilities. Cross sectional study was conducted at the facilities and purposeful sampling technique was applied to select the clients and interviewed....
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and associated factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among anesthetists working in governmental and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institutional based cross-sectional study
March 2017
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important medical procedure which is needed for individuals who face sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition and a leading cause of death among adults over the age of 40 years in the United States and other countries. Reports showed that about 1,000,000 people die of cardiac arrest every year in the United States and Europe. To assess...
Review of cardiac protein quality control and major degradation pathways
February 2017
Protein quality control (PQC) senses and repairs misfolded and or unfolded proteins. However, if the repair fails, it degrades the terminally misfolded polypeptides through an intricate collaboration between molecular chaperones and targeted proteolysis. Proteolysis of damaged proteins is performed primarily by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Macroautophagy (commonly known as autophagy) may also play a role in...
Medical waste management and disposal practices of health facilities in Kumbo East and Kumbo West health districts
January 2017
The provision of healthcare generates waste which can be detrimental to health and the environment. Management of healthcare waste is still a challenge in developing countries as practices, capacities and policies on waste disposal are grossly inadequate and require intensification. With the growing trend of biomedical services in Kumbo Cameroon, the medical waste management practices in this area was investigated to...
A five-year review of necrotizing fasciitis at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma, Ethiopia
December 2016
Necrotizing bacterial infections are extremely serious, fulminant infections of the soft tissues by virulent bacteria. The annual incidence of NF is estimated at 500–1,000 cases annually, and its prevalence globally has been reported to be 0.40 cases per 100,000 populations. It is seen to have a predilection for men, with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. The disease affects all age groups. Clinical risk factors for...
Decade of permanent cardiac pacing in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India
December 2016
This study of 10 year review of pacing was undertaken to analyse the continuous rise in the incidence of pacing in this part of country. 532 patients implanted with permanent pacemakers were evaluated during this decade. The age of patients ranged from 6 to 85 years with majority of patients belonging to age group of 55 to 70 years and a male to female ratio of 2:1. The commonest presenting symptom was cardiac...
Point prevalence study of antibiotic use in hospitals in Butembo
December 2016
Inappropriate use of antibiotics is known as an important risk factor in the development of antibiotic resistance which increases the morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of antibiotic use in hospitals. A prevalence survey was conducted in 11 hospitals from 1st to 31th October 2014. In this study, from 700 patients investigated in this study, 476 received at least one...
Prevalence of antiretroviral treatment failure and associated factors in HIV infected children on antiretroviral therapy at Gondar University Hospital, retrospective cohort study
November 2016
As the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) increases, the issue of drug resistance and subsequent anti-retroviral treatment (ART) failure appears as a challenge. The study aim to assess prevalence of ART treatment failure and associated factors amongst children on ART at Gondar University Hospital, North WEST Ethiopia, 2014. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on children taking ART at...
The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and risk of atrial fibrillation
November 2016
Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia that has many risk factors including some medications; however, the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and its risk is not well assessed. This study was conducted to find out if there is an association between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of atrial fibrillation. The study was conducted at Al-Hussein Medical City...
Up scaling mental health and psychosocial services in a disaster context: Lessons learnt from the Philippine Region hardest hit by typhoon Haiyan
October 2016
In the aftermath of typhoon Haiyan which struck Philippines in 2013, the World Health Organization Philippines in collaboration with the Philippine government acted to improve access to mental healthcare in affected regions. Eastern Visayas with population 4, 3 million had merely four psychiatrists and seven generalists providing mental health care. It was selected as a model region for integration of mental health care...
Prevalence of psychoactive substance use among registered commercial motorcycle operators in Kano, North Western Nigeria: A community study
October 2016
The present study was carried out in the most populated city in Northern Nigeria that is believed to have the highest number of commercial motorcyclists and highest prevalence of psychoactive substance use in the country. Research on psychoactive substance use among motorcycle operators in Northern Nigeria is limited, despite the high level of morbidity these substances cause to them. This study aimed to study the...
Quality of life and prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients on prolonged indwelling urinary catheters: A study from South west, Nigeria
October 2016
Urinary catheters are used to relieve urinary retention. Its prolonged use has been associated with poor quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial distress among patients. We sought to evaluate the QoL and prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients on prolonged indwelling urinary catheters. A cross- sectional study of patients with indwelling urinary catheters at an outpatient urology clinic of a tertiary hospital in...
Chitosan derived from the tunic of ascidian Phallusia nigra (Savigny, 1816) showing antibacterial activities and its characterization
September 2016
The present study was to evaluate the in-vitro antibacterial activity of chitosan against clinical pathogens. Chitosan was extracted from the tunic of Phallusia nigra the marine black tunicate by utilizing standard protocol. Chitosan is a versatile natural polysaccharide, the second most abundant, biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic natural polymer which made wide applicability in conventional pharmaceutics as a...
Reproductive function in premenopausal African Blacks with metabolic syndrome: Associations among inhibin B, adipokines, pituitary and sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin
August 2016
Reproductive dysfunction is associated with metabolic syndrome. Since fertility is highly valued in Africa, preliminary data on the association of metabolic syndrome with indices of reproductive function in premenopausal Nigerian women was provided. Sixty six premenopausal participants (44 with metabolic syndrome and 22 controls) aged 18-45 years were purposely selected for this study. Reproductive history, blood...
Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factor among interstate commercial drivers in Jabi Park Abuja
July 2016
Commercial drivers are a ‘high-risk’ population where fitness on duty is important in enabling them to adequately respond to their job responsibilities. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among the interstate commercial drivers in Jabi Park, Abuja. A cross-sectional study with 389 inter-state commercial drivers at Jabi Park in Abuja was conducted. A...
Cochlear implanted deaf children with additional disabilities: The mothers’ perspective
July 2016
The objective of this qualitative study was to evaluate the perspective of mothers, whose children, in addition to being deaf and having cochlear implants, also have additional disabilities. Five mothers participated in this study and semi-structured interviews, together with the children’s clinical files were used to gather data and inductive analysis was used to establish themes. The results indicated that...
Assessment of nurses’ perception of the use of job enrichment as motivator by the nurse manager at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane
June 2016
The study aimed at examining nurses’ perception of their unit managers use of job enrichment strategy as a motivator to their subordinates in Enugu State University of Science and Technology Hospital. Descriptive survey research designed was adopted for the study. 235 nurses who were on duty when the research was conducted were used. Data was collected using the researchers’ developed questionnaire with a...
Professionalism: An attempt to measure definition and understanding
May 2016
Professionalism is under scrutiny in all service-providing professions. Healthcare is one of them. There are rules and regulations mentioned from professional bodies that place the foundations of the definition of professionalism which have to be followed. A prospective study was conducted in a District General Hospital, with the aim to establish if professionalism was clearly defined. A questionnaire with open...
Pattern of renal impairment among hypertensive subjects in Umuahia, South East, Nigeria
May 2016
Hypertension is a cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study investigated the patterns of renal impairment among hypertensive subjects in Umuahia, South East, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study involving 262 subjects comprising equal number of hypertensive and non-hypertensive was used. Questionnaires were administered; medical, socio-demographic and anthropometric profiles were...
Assessment of the quality of mobile voluntary counseling and testing services in Addis Ababa and Adama organization for social services for AIDS (OSSA) branches, Ethiopia
April 2016
Mobile or outreach type of voluntary counseling and testing approach is a useful way to reach high risk groups and rural population that are far away from facility based voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) service. Little has been done to assess the quality of mobile VCT services in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the quality of mobile VCT services and client satisfaction in the cities of Addis Ababa and Adama....
Persistent proteinuria among sickle cell anaemia children in steady state in Ilorin, Nigeria
March 2016
Sickle cell disease (SCD), the commonest single gene disorder amongst Nigerian children, may present as sickle cell nephropathy (SCN). SCN is detectable by persistent proteinuria, a “nephrotoxin” that contributes to progression of SCN to end stage renal disease. Unfortunately, screening for persistent proteinuria is an uncommon practice among Nigerian children with SCD, even when reduction of proteinuria is...
Prevalence, epidemiological characteristics and predictors of occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis among ‘Almajiri’ school children in Sokoto, Nigeria
March 2016
Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem and second only to malaria as the most devastating disease in tropical countries in Africa, East Asia and South America. ‘Almajiri’ children are known to be exposed to conditions that place them at high risk of infectious diseases including schistosomiasis. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 272 randomly selected children studying at the...
Relationship between road traffic law violation, accident and psychoactive substance use among commercial motorcycle operators in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria
February 2016
Motorcycle operators who drive under the influence of psychoactive substances are at high risk for road traffic violations and accidents. Despite the high level of morbidity associated with psychoactive substance use, it is not a well-researched area in Northwestern Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between psychoactive substance use and road traffic violations and accidents among...
Effects of Phoenix dactylifera on the prostate and seminal vesicle of Wistar rats
February 2016
Phoenix dactylifera, a member of the family Arecaceae, is a highly nutritious fruit that is rich in vitamins, simple sugars, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, carotenoids and steroids. The study is aimed at evaluating the possible effects of P. dactylifera on the prostate and seminal vesicle of Wistar rats so that it can be suggested for use in the treatment of infertility or as a natural male contraceptive. Twenty male...
Malignant pleural mesothelioma treated as pulmonary tuberculosis
January 2016
A 45 year old man with malignant pleural mesothelioma had symptoms of prolonged cough, heamoptysis, breathlessness, weight loss and low grade persistent fever. The high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in this environment, coupled with paucity of radiologists in rural areas to competently review his chest radiograph, resulted in making the wrong diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) as against malignant pleural...
Prevalence of Hymenolepis nana among primary school children in Burkina Faso
December 2015
This cross-sectional descriptive study estimated the prevalence of Hymenolepis nana infection in primary school children living in Burkina Faso. A parasitological survey was conducted in 2013 in 22 primary schools located in eleven regions of Burkina Faso. Kato-Katz method was used as a technique to detect the H. nana eggs. The prevalence and intensity of the infection were determined by estimating the means of H. nana...
A study of impact and prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome among medical students
November 2015
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is considered as a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder which is characterized by some non-specific symptoms, such as altered bowel habits and abdominal pain. There is no recognized organic pathology associated with IBS. The prevalence of IBS is different in different communities. Its etiology remains uncertain or obscure, perhaps multifactorial. The predestined objective was the...
Practice of regional anesthesia and analgesia in Ethiopian hospital
August 2015
Series of studies have shown that regional anesthesia offers many advantages to the patient care compared to general anesthesia, and the patient has the right to participate in the type of anesthesia techniques planned. Contrastingly, the practice of regional anesthesia in Ethiopia is underutilized and the patient choice of regional blocks limited. The aim of this study was to assess both the extent of practice and need...
Evaluation of anatomy students’ knowledge of information communication technology in Nigerian universities
July 2015
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has accelerated many aspects of medical education acquisition, driving it towards more evidence-based platforms. We undertook to evaluate anatomy students’ knowledge of computers and information communication technology application in the various departments of anatomy in medical schools. This survey was implemented using questionnaire research instrument and involved...
Case report: Late onset warfarin-induced skin necrosis
July 2015
Warfarin induced skin necrosis (WISN) represents a rare complication of warfarin therapy that is associated with high incidence of morbidity and mortality. It usually presents in susceptible patients within 10 days of initiation of therapy. The study report a case of 24 years old gentleman who is known to have a unique rare inborn error of metabolism (primary hyperoxaluria), and was diagnosed with late onset WISN...
Assessment of entrance surface air kerma in patients undergoing chest X-ray from conventional diagnostic radiology in Ogun State, Nigeria
June 2015
Due to the universality and high percentage demand of chest X-rays and the importance of this examination in diagnostic radiology, there is a strong need for the assessment of its entrance surface air kerma. Entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) has been measured for a total of 60 patients undergoing posteroanterior chest x-ray from conventional diagnostic radiology in three diagnostic centers in Ogun State, Nigeria. ESAK...
Effect of solvent extracts of Colatropis gigantea leaf on oxidative parameters in diabetic rabbits
June 2015
The effect of Colatropis gigantea leaf extract was studied on alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic rabbits to evaluate the possible hypoglycaemic and antioxidant properties of Colatropis gigantea (C. gigantean) in diabetes mellitus. Significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was observed in diabetic rabbits administered with the acetone fraction of Colatropis gigantea (C....
Hepatitis C virus genotype distribution among adults and children in Bydgoszcz, Poland
June 2015
One of the fundamental factors determining the effectiveness of the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is genotype hepatitis C (HCV). The aim of the study was to determine and compare the genotypes distribution among adults (2100) and children (381) patients from the Department of Infectious Diseases in Bydgoszcz diagnosed in years 2003 to 2013 due to hepatitis C (HCV) infection. The most common genotype was...
Health care providers’ satisfaction with the clinical laboratory service of Nekemte Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia
May 2015
The objective of this study was to assess health care providers’ satisfaction with the service provided by the clinical laboratory personnel at Nekemte Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia to determine the level of satisfaction of health care providers on clinical laboratory services. A cross sectional study was conducted from March to April, 2014 at Nekemte Referral Hospital. The data was collected from 105...
Role of body mass index (BMI) on the oxygen saturation and apneic spells in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
May 2015
Data from the sleep disorder institute showed that subjects with similar apnea hypopnea index (AHI) but different body mass index (BMI) had no difference in oxygen saturation in rapid eye movement (REM) or non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Only 6 pairs of subjects were evaluated in the study and they were not age-matched. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in age-matched subjects, if there are any...
Effect of radiation on pregnancy
May 2015
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of radiation on pregnancy. 20 experimental animals (rabbits) were exposed to X-ray (10 random exposure to represent patients’ dose and 10 continuous to represent radiation workers dose). Each sample was exposed to X-ray and this dose measured with thermo luminous dosimeter (MGP instruments DMC 2000X) in the first, second and third trimester then the dose...
Multicenter bacteraemia among Sudanese children: Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns
April 2015
Bacteraemia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Therefore, bacteraemia continues to be increasingly a serious health problem that needs an immediate attention and treatment. A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted on positive blood cultures collected from 804 children (aged less than 10 years) including both genders in a period between 2012 and 2013 in three different medical...
Idiopathic oligospermia treatment: An alternate approach
April 2015
One of the factors of male infertility is idiopathic oligospermia in which the causative factor is not known. A direct case control, two-centers, prospective, randomized controlled two-arm parallel group trial was carried out to investigate the safety and efficacy of trialed medicine in Shifa-ul-Mulk Memorial Hospital for Eastern Medicine at Madinat-ul-Hikmah, Hamdard University Karach-74600, Pakistan. An assessment was...
Anti-ulcer activity of Rhus coriaria in indomethacin and water immersion restraint induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats
March 2015
The anti-ulcer activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Rhus coriaria Linn (HAERC) was investigated in indomethacin and water immersion-induced restraint gastric ulcer in wistar rats. The assessment was carried out by using ulcer index, ulcer score and histopathological studies of the specimens. HAERC at doses of 145 and 248 mg/kg given orally produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by indomethacin...
Wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia among school children: A case study of four communities in the Kassena-Nankana east district of the upper east region of Ghana
March 2015
Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a parasitic disease caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, is of public health concern especially in the northern part of Ghana. Since 2000, several rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) against this infection have been conducted in the endemic communities. However, no studies on the prevalence of W. bancrofti antigenaemia have been conducted among pre-school and school-age children in these...
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