The co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis among patients seen at the general hospital Umuguma, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
October 2011
In this study, the co-infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) andMycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated among patients. HIV serology was performed on 100 tuberculosis patients whose sputum samples were AFB positive as tested at the General Hospital Umuguma, Owerri, Imo State, between 2nd May 2010 and 3rd February 2011. Seven (7.0%) of the 100 tuberculosis patients were HIV seropositive. HIV...
Mitogen activated protein kinase Influence the immune response of a prevalent Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical strain of the Indo-Oceanic Clade
October 2011
Different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) are known to modify the host immune response in a strain-specific manner. However, studies linking M. tuberculosis strain-specific impact upon the regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-induced monocyte activation are limited. We have studied the immunomodulation, induced by a prevalent Indo-Oceanic Clade clinical strain S7,...
Prevalance of tuberculosis in patients on hemodialysıs and peritoneal dialysis
October 2011
It has been shown that the incidence of tuberculosis is higher in dialysis patients than general population. We retrospectively compared herein, the prevalance, frequency, clinical features and outcome of tuberculosis in patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) program for more than three months. We screened 1040 HD and 345 PD patients. The prevalence of tuberculosis was higher in HD...
Progression of disease in a more clinically relevant mouse model of respiratory melioidosis
October 2011
In acute and lethal infections, antibiotics reduce mortality and therefore extend the duration of the immune response. The progression of the immune response to acute,Burkholderia pseudomallei K96243 infection, via the aerosol route, in BALB/c mice treated with doxycycline (7 days, daily, orally) was explored. The therapy extended survival and limited bacterial growth in the lungs. After cessation of antibiotic...
HIV/AIDS in North-Eastern Nigeria: A review
October 2011
The HIV/AIDS situation in Nigeria has undergone a lot of transformation following a long period that was plagued by superstition and denial. The HIV Sero Prevalence Sentinel Surveys were conducted among the antenatal clinic (ANC) attendees in Nigeria being considered to be a homogenous community of persons with steady sexual partners. Included in the survey were pregnant women aged between 15 to 49 years of age from...
Two cases of brucellosis with atypical maculopapular rash recorded in siblings
September 2011
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of Brucella bacteria. It is still a frequently recorded disease in developing countries. Each year, 500,000 new cases of brucellosis develop globally and its incidence in our country, though varied with regard to geographical regions, was found between 1 to 26.7% in the studies conducted. Onset of the Brucella infections is insidious in almost half of the cases...
Comparison of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positivity rate obtained by applicator stick and the plastic loop in a high TB incidence population of Zambia
September 2011
The discovery of the causative organism of Tuberculosis (TB) dates back to 1882 by Robert Koch and described the isolation of the tubercle bacilli. Since then, a large number of Mycobacterium species responsible for causing pulmonary and extra pulmonary infections have been identified. Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease caused by a pathogen belonging to the species Mycobacterium tuberculosis....
Oral lesions and systemic diseases in HIV-infected subjects
September 2011
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions and systemic diseases in HIV- infected subjects and to assess possible relationship between them. This was a cross-sectional analytical study. Oral examination was performed in HIV-infected adult individuals. CD4+ count and viral load were recorded and systemic diseases classified. The most common oral lesions were oral candidiasis (26.8%), oral hairy...
Legionella disease complicated by complete heart block
September 2011
Legionella disease is a systemic infection with rare cardiac manifestations. Known cardiac presentations include myocarditis, pericarditis, endocarditis and pericardial effusion. Only two cases of conduction disturbance have been reported in adults, one in the setting of verapamil use. A 56 year-old African American woman with a history of active tobacco abuse and diabetes presented with fevers, fatigue and altered...
A rare cause of complete atrioventricular block: Lyme carditis
September 2011
Lyme disease is a tick-borne spirochete infection that may affect the heart. Cardiac manifestations include conduction disturbances and other pathologies of the heart. Disturbance of atrioventricular (AV) node conduction is the most common cardiac manifestation of Lyme disease. We report a 61-year old female, who was admitted to the emergency department with the complaints of syncope, dizziness and generalized fatigue....
Clinical and health characteristic of patients diagnosed with Influenza A H1/N1 2009 and admitted in the respiratory unit of the area five hospital in the community of Madrid
September 2011
We have performed an epidemiological analysis of adult patients hospitalized with influenza A/H1N1 in the year 2009 in the Pulmonology Service of La Paz University Hospital in Madrid, Spain. We carried out a retrospective cohort and descriptive study in La Paz University Hospital from July to December 2009 of 102 patients diagnosed with Influenza A in the first 24 h of their stay in the Emergency Unit. All patients...
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella isolates in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia
August 2011
Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and Shigella are emerging global challenges. There are no studies conducted on the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonellaand Shigella in eastern Ethiopia. This study aims to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of these microbes. A total of 244 diarrheic stool specimens were collected and cultured for screening of...
Assessing the frequency and antibiotic resistance of nosocomial bacterial infections in the intensive care units and general wards
August 2011
Considering the perpetual existence of resistant bacteria in different wards of hospitals, particularly the intensive care unit (ICU), as well as the hindrance they cause against therapy make it necessary to have comprehensive knowledge of these bacteria and their respective pattern of antibiotic resistance in different communities. This study was conducted to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance for common...
H1N1 virus and sport, risks of transmission and methods of prevention
July 2011
The relationship between sport-related physical activity and H1N1 virus can be studied from many perspectives including: 1) The high risk of transmission of H1N1 virus in athletes contact and collision sports and also those who live in or travel to endemic regions, and participate in exercise and competition groups; 2) Useful role of exercise and physical activity in high-risk individuals for...
A prospective clinical study of incidence of hepatorenal and hematological complications in dengue fever and management of symptomatic bleed in bundelkhand region of Northern India with fresh whole blood
July 2011
Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. Besides bleeding, cases of hepatic and renal dysfunction in dengue fever are increasing in incidence. In management of hemorrhagic complications, fresh whole blood is far superior to platelet transfusion and fresh frozen plasma. This work is aimed at studying the incidence of hepatorenal and haematological complications and the management of...
Efficacy and mechanism of nasal irrigation with a hand pump against influenza and non-Influenza viral upper respiratory tract infection Huafei Ao1, Qin Wang1, Baofa Jiang2 and Peter He3*
June 2011
To investigate if nasal irrigation could impact the severity and duration of viral URTI. 22 patients with new onset non-influenza URTI were randomized to Control (Control, N=12) or Nasal Irrigation Group [NI-Flu (-), N=10], and 8 patients with new onset influenza URTI were assigned to Nasal Irrigation Group [NI-Flu (+), N=8]. Patients in control were treated with standard of care, those in Nasal Irrigation Groups...
A study of occurrence and histopathology of Mycoplasma infection in sheep in Tehran suburb, Iran
June 2011
The authors have requested the retraction of this article.
Clinical profile of children presenting with measles in a Nigerian secondary health-care institution
June 2011
The prognosis of measles is determined largely by host factors. The objective of this study is to document the clinical profile (host factors) of children presenting with measles in a Nigerian secondary health-care institution. In this case-series study, 77 children with measles (diagnosed clinically), admitted into St Philomena Catholic Hospital, Benin City were recruited over a 4-year period. The age, sex, presenting...
Infections of the central nervous system by Candida
May 2011
At present, the species of Candida are the increasing causes of infections in neutropenic and non neutropenic patients, and they enable the production of important morbimortality. Invasive candidiasis is the most frequent opportunistic mycosis and when there is central nervous system (CNS) involvement, mortality associated to mycosis increase. Unfortunately, studies based in autopsies prove that the prevalence...
Prevalence of dengue among clinically suspected febrile episodes at a teaching hospital in North India
May 2011
Dengue is one of the most serious mosquitos borne viral infection mainly affecting tropical and subtropical countries of the world. In absence of specific treatment and vaccine for dengue fever (DF); vector control is the only method by which spread of dengue can be prevented. As effective control and preventive programmes depend upon improved surveillance data, this study was done to report the seroprevalence...
Pattern of default among tuberculosis patients on directly observed therapy in rural primary health care centres in Ogun State, Nigeria
May 2011
This study was designed to identify risk factors associated with defaulting during TB treatment and indicate specific adjustments to be made. This study is a retrospective, cohort study. Information on all TB patients attending clinic for treatment from 1st April 2004 to 30th June 2007 was collected using a data collection form. A total sample of 938 patients was reviewed. The overall default rate among the TB patients...
Helicobacter pylori-DNA in nasal polyp tissues in compare with inferior nasal turbinate tissues: A case-control study in Tehran, Iran
April 2011
This study is aimed at comparing serum Helicobacter pylori antibodies and H. pylori–DNA in tissue between cases with nasal polyps and controls. A case control study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Rasul Hospital, Tehran, Persia between 2007 and 2008 upon polyp tissues from 62 nasal polyposis cases and inferior nasal turbinate mucosa from 25 controls. H. pylori-DNA was...
Redistribution of fetal blood flow in response to an acute fever episode during pregnancy in comparison with malaria
April 2011
The objective of the study was to determine if maternal fever during pregnancy alter placental function and induce fetal hypoxia. 31 pregnancies complicated by fever were studied. Uterine (UTRI), umbilical (URI), fetal cerebral (CRI ) Doppler resistance index and amniotic index were measured on admittance (day 0; d0) and after treatment and fever release (day 2 to 4; d2-4). From d0 to d2-4, UTRI decreased in...
An immunoassay using cord factor antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for the confirmatory diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma
April 2011
Demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus in an intracranial tuberculoma by bacteriological culture and staining methods are difficult. Hence the objective of this study is to describe an immunoassay to detect the presence of cord factor antigen of M.tuberculosis in intracranial tuberculoma. Cord factor antigen of M. tuberculosis in the surgical specimens of...
Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in an immunocompetent critically ill patient
April 2011
Aspergillus tracheobronchitis (ATB) is a rare cause of respiratory failure in the critical care unit. Most commonly occurring in immunocompromised patients with underlying haematological malignancy, solid organ transplant, or HIV/AIDs, ATB is infrequently encountered in patients without underlying immunologic derangement. This brief report describes a single case of ATB in a critically ill patient with no...
Targeted indoor insecticide and malaria control in the western highlands Kenya
March 2011
The study investigated the use of targeted indoor residual spraying (IRS) as a single malaria intervention in the western highlands, Kenya. Houses were randomly selected in study sites and IRS targeted 30% of houses at focal sites ‘hotspots’ at valley bottoms. Indoor resting densities of adult Anopheles gambiae s.s were monitored biweekly by pyrethrum spray capture in sprayed and control houses....
A cost effectiveness analysis of the H1N1 vaccine strategy for Ontario, Canada
March 2011
In Ontario, Canada, a mass vaccination strategy was developed and implemented to mitigate the effects of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1). This study investigated its cost-effectiveness, mirroring actual events in Ontario, compared to no vaccine strategy. From a societal perspective, 1,780,491 cases and 154 deaths were averted through vaccine administration; the incremental cost effectiveness ratio predicted that...
Parry-Romberg syndrome: A possible association with Lyme borreliosis
March 2011
Parry-Romberg syndrome or progressive facial hemiatrophy is a rare entity of unknown etiology characterized by unilateral atrophy of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and the underlying bony structures. A case of a 4-year-old girl with Parry-Romberg syndrome and borreliosis is reported. No sure link is established between these two entities but their coincident occurrence in our patient is noted. Key...
Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in regional Tunisian population
February 2011
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex multifactorial disease caused by environmental influences and an unknown number of predisposing genes. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the possible association between RA disease and the TNFï¡gene promoter polymorphisms ï¡-308A>G, ï¡-1031 T>C and the TNFβ ï€ polymorphism+252A>G (LTA252A>G) in the Tunisian population. We compared the...
Studies on the interaction between IgA, lactoferrin and lysozyme in the breastmilk of lactating women with sick and healthy babies
February 2011
The IgA, lactoferrin and lysozyme levels in breastmilk samples of mothers with healthy babies and mothers whose babies developed septicaemia were analyzed by the enzyme – linked immunosorbent assay. The IgA level in the milk of mothers with healthy babies decreased from 183.48 ± 114.91 mg/l in colostrum to 147.75 ± 114.6 mg/l in mature milk while the level in mothers whose babies developed...
Fertility in cimetidine and bromocriptine treated rats
February 2011
The present study was designed to see the role of drugs affecting serum prolactin upon the morphology of the gonad of male rat by giving bromocriptine to one group of animals concurrently with cimetidine. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College (AMC), Rawalpindi in collaboration with National Veterinary Laboratories (NVL), Chak Shahzad, Islamabad. Ninety adult young male albino rats...
Direct antiglobulin test (Coombs’) positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced by Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis in two children
January 2011
Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection in children is usually asymptomatic, but some children or young adults manifest infectious mononucleosis with typical symptoms of fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and a typical lymphocytosis. The infection caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) can be followed by immunological complications. One of these is autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) that it is rare but...
siRNA-mediated silencing of translationally controlled tumor protein induces apoptosis and inhibits cell growth
January 2011
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is an evolutionally highly conserved protein which has been implicated in many cellular functions that are related to cell growth, death and tumorigenesis. We used a DNA vector-based RNA interference approach by expressing shRNA to knockdown TCTP in MCF7 cells for evaluating its antitumor effect and its molecular mechanism. TCTP shRNA treatment MCF7 cells...
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of laboratory animals at Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa
January 2011
A study on prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of laboratory animals was conducted from November 2009 to March 2010 at the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa. For this study, faecal samples were collected from a total of 210 laboratory animals which include 140 mice (Swiss albino), 56 rats (Wistar) and 14 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). The collected faecal samples were...
Increased incidences of Salmonella, Plasmodium falciparum and hepatitis C viral specific circulating immune complexes in participants from malaria endemic and HIV prevalent area of Nigeria
December 2010
The present study used dissociated circulating immune complexes (CIC) to identity the burden of exposure to certain infectious agents. The participants were divided into HIV seropositive group (n=100) and HIV seronegative group (n=100). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and phosphate buffer techniques were used for precipitation and dissociation of CIC in sera. The dissociated CIC were tested...
Screening of household members and contacts of patients with acute brucellosis to detect unrecognized cases
December 2010
Acute brucellosis among household members of index cases due to common food sources is reported. The aim was to screen family members and coworkers of patients with acute brucellosis to detect unrecognized cases. A descriptive study was conducted among contact cases of acute brucellosis patients. Five millilitre of venous blood samples were taken from contact cases to measure Brucella antibody IgM, IgG, and IgA. Thirty...
Immunogenic evaluation of a recombinant 49-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Salmonella typhi as a candidate for a subunit vaccine against typhoid
November 2010
Typhoid poses a global public health concern. Presently available vaccines against typhoid have certain drawbacks that make them unsuitable for mass immunization, especially to children and elderly people. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Salmonella have strong potential for the development of a candidate subunit vaccine against typhoid. We previously reported that a 49 kDa OMP confers protection against...
Virological diagnosis of dengue fever in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Comparison between RT-PCR and virus isolation in cell culture
November 2010
A total of 233 serum samples were collected from patients presenting to King Abdulaziz University Hospital with suspected cases of Dengue Fever (DF) from 2006 to 2008. Dengue virus was successfully isolated from 70 samples by culture on C6/36 and LLC-MK2 cells; it was then detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The cytopathic effect (CPE) of dengue virus on C6/36 appeared in most of the samples within 1-4...
The disease progression associated with pirital virus infection in the Syrian golden hamster
April 2010
Arenaviruses are negative strand RNA viruses that can cause disease and hemorrhagic fever in humans. Typically, research with the hemorrhagic fever causing - arenaviruses requires working in a Biosafety level (BSL)-4 environment which increases the time and cost of testing vaccine and therapeutics. Therefore, we have expanded on the previously described pirital virus (PIRV) animal model for human arenaviral hemorrhagic...
Serological evidence for Chlamydia pneumoniae infection following diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis booster vaccination
April 2010
Increased mortality and morbidity with intracellular pathogens has been reported in females with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) as their most recent vaccination. Within a randomised trial, we investigated the effect of DTP on Chlamydia pneumoniaeserology. Eighteen-month-old children were randomised to DTP booster and oral polio vaccine (OPV) or OPV only. Blood samples collected from 523 children at baseline and...
Circulating antigens of Schistosoma parasites in urine of schistosomiasis patients in Central Sudan
December 2009
This study was aimed to detect circulating antigens of the schistosoma parasites in urine of schistosomiasis patients living in two camps, Hababna and Elshajara camps within Tyieba Elshiekh Elgorashi village, located North West from Hassahiesa city in the Gezira state- central Sudan. The prevalence of S. haematobium in the two camps was 15.4% and the prevalence of S. mansoni was 53.8%. Urine samples...
Evaluation of Newcastle disease antibody level after different vaccination regimes in three districts of Amhara Region, North-western Ethiopia
December 2009
Evaluation of the Newcastle Disease (NCD) antibody level after different vaccination regime was conducted on chickens distributed at the age of day-old in three districts of Amahara region using sera analysis. Three vaccination regimes on chicks against Newcastle using live lentogenic stains; Hitchener B1 (at the age of day-old) and La Sota (at the age of 21st and 60th days of age) were used. The overall antibody level...
Absent uvula and thrombocytopenia in an African infant with job’s syndrome: Case report and review of literature
November 2009
Job’s syndrome, a subset of the Hyper-immunoglobulin E (IgE) recurrent Infection Syndrome (HIES), is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a classic clinical triad of recurrent staphylococcal abscesses, recurrent cyst-forming pneumonia, and markedly elevated serum IgE level. To date, slightly more than 200 cases have been published worldwide. Here we review HIES and report one case of...
Prevalence of SCCmec types in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus intermedius in healthy pets from Southeastern United States
November 2009
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin resistantStaphylococcus intermedius (MRSI) are both major causes of skin and wound infections in humans and domesticated animal populations respectively. In order to investigate the colonization rates in pets, nose, mouth, or skin swabs were taken from 74 healthy pets (61 dogs and 13 cats) in south Louisiana, USA.Staphylococci were...
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