Evaluation of the parental and hybrid lines- Heterosis and other genetic parameters among Capsicum annuum genotypes and their hybrids
January 2019
In most parts of the world pepper has become a popular spice that makes food hot in addition to its much needed nutrients of carotenoids and vitamins. This report has its objective to evaluate the parents and hybrid of three Nigerian pepper genotypes (Shombo, Tatase and Nsukka yellow pepper) for growth and yield; and to estimate their genetic parameters. Conventional breeding by hand pollination was adopted. The mean...
Development and screening of cowpea recombinant inbred lines for seedling drought tolerance
January 2019
The use of multiple traits for drought study affirms the complexity of drought tolerance in cowpea. Despite the availability of several traits for drought tolerance evaluation, the rapid screening technique used by many scientists for seedling drought in wooden boxes is the simplest method for screening large populations. The objective of this study was to select drought tolerant cowpea recombinant lines developed from...
Curauá genetic diversity in germplasm banks and natural populations
December 2018
Ananas comosus var. erectifolius (L. B. Sm.) Coppens & F. Leal, populary known as curauá, is a bromeliaceae, found in the Amazonian flora. It is of great commercial interest, mostly for the automobile industry. Despite the curauá’s potential, little has been done to conserve its germplasm. For this, it’s necessary to know its genetic variability. An efficient way of knowing it is to use...
Influence of environment on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] resistance to groundnut leaf miner, Aproaerema modicella (Deventer) in Uganda
December 2018
Groundnut leaf miner (GLM) [Aproaerema modicella (Deventer)] is a serious problem for soybean cultivation in Uganda causing yield losses of up to 100%. The use of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars resistant to GLM attack is an important strategy in the integrated pest management program. The aim of this study was to determine the environment × genotype interaction influence on the soybean resistance...
GGE biplot phenotypic stability analysis of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] genotypes
December 2018
The study on genotypes by environment interaction (GEI) and stability analysis was conducted to determine the G, E, and GEI variance magnitudes. The experiment was carried out at three locations in two consecutive years on 26 soybean genotypes using randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with three replications. The objectives were to (i) estimate the magnitudes of G, E, and GEI effects, (ii) stability analysis...
Characterization and correlation analysis of economically important parameters of lentil exotic germplasm
November 2018
The basic aim of this study is to evaluate the exotic lentil germplasm (BIGMP LIEN-MH-18) received from ICARDA. Economically desirable characters were studied and correlated to select the genotypes for the targeted breeding programme. Thirty-six lentil exotic entries were studied. The exotic genotypes 36102 and 36108 yielded 665 and 625 kg/ha respectively similar to our local recommended check (Punjab Masoor-09) that...
Morphological characterization of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces of Central region of Benin Republic
November 2018
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important food consumed in every region in Republic of Benin; however, it remains a neglected and under-utilized crop. In order to assess the value of bean germplasm of the central region in the Republic of Benin for useful breeding programs, 57 accessions were collected from 23 villages. After a classification based on the morphological variables of the seeds, these accessions...
Assessment of salt tolerance and variability within some rice germplasm using microsatelittes
October 2018
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects rice production. It can reduce yield drastically and result in total crop failure. The objectives of this study are to determine the genetic diversity within thirty-six rice accessions and to identify genotypes that are tolerant to salinity. Thirty-six rice accessions including three check varieties were sown in experimental pots and their leaves harvested for DNA...
Evaluation of agronomic performance of beta-carotene rich (yellow fleshed) cassava varieties in Nigeria
October 2018
Twenty-five yellow fleshed cassava varieties including three checks (two improved and one local) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in three locations in Nigeria. Tuber yield, dry matter content, root size, fiber content, harvest index, sprouting and vigor of the varieties evaluated were all significant at 0.05 significant levels across the locations. Taste, color of unexpanded...
Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for yield and yield related traits in southwestern Ethiopia
October 2018
Understanding the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of traits in any plant population is an important pre-requisite for breeding program. The experiment was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of 24 maize inbred lines for 16 quantitative traits. The field experiment was conducted during 2016 cropping season at Jimma Agricultural Research Center...
Genetic variability of some chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes and correlation among yield and related traits in humid tropics of southern Ethiopia
October 2018
The current investigation evaluated the genetic variability of some chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes and correlation among yield and related traits in Abaya Woreda. Five improved chickpea genotypes along with one local variety were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were recorded from phenological, growth parameters; and yield and related traits depicted the ranges of mean...
Correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and quality components of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) genotypes in Ethiopia
October 2018
The improvement for a trait of interest can be achieved by both direct and indirect selection of characters that are more heritable and easy to select. The aim of this study was to determine the degree and nature of associations among seed yield and seed quality related characters. One hundred eight garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) genotypes were evaluated for their yield and seed quality related traits using a...
Evaluations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties for yield and yield related traits in central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
September 2018
A field experiment was carried out at Laelay maichew and Tahtay maichew districts in central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, for two consecutive seasons (2014/2015 to 2015/2016) under rain fed conditions. The objective of the study was to evaluate and select best performing faba bean varieties. Ten faba bean varieties including the local check were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three...
Genotype by environment interaction and stability analysis of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] genotypes for yield in Ethiopia
September 2018
Ethiopia is claimed to be a center of diversity for cowpea production. The crop is the most drought tolerant and could help the country overcome the recurrent drought problem; however, the yield is very low due to lack of effort to develop varieties. This research was conducted to evaluate the stability of cowpea genotypes and to estimate the magnitude of genotypes by environment interaction (GEI) effect on grain yield....
Inheritance and combing ability in maize using a 7x7 diallel cross
September 2018
Twenty one F1s produced from 7x7 diallel mating along with the 7 parents were evaluated to notice the inheritance and combining ability of different traits to obtain high heterotic crosses. Genetic analysis and combing ability were analyzed following Hayman’s and Griffing’s diallel analyses, respectively. Hybrids projecting positive or negative potency ratio with >1.0 value for those traits is also the...
Inheritance and combining ability of cowpea resistance to bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus F.)
September 2018
The bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the most destructive pests and causes substantial losses to cowpea during storage in tropical and subtropical regions. The development of successful breeding strategy requires knowledge on gene action and trait inheritance in local and improved sources. In this study, the mode of inheritance, the types of gene action and maternal effects of cowpea resistance to...
Stability for descriptors of Solanum aethiopicum Shum group (family Solanaceae)
September 2018
Solanum aethiopicum Shum group is a nutrient-rich and income-generating crop enterprise in various sub-Saharan Africa countries. Despite its importance, the development of its improved varieties has not been prioritized. Until now, no field-based descriptor development reference for the crop is available for testing candidate varieties for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability. The purpose of this study is to...
Evaluation of constraints in production of root and tuber crops in Ethiopia: Overview of policy neglected climate resilient food security crops
August 2018
The objective of the current study was to examine the major constraints in production of root and tuber crops in Ethiopia with emphasis on identifying the policy gaps. This appraisal was based on survey report of Central Statistical Agency (CSA) for the period of 2011 to 2015. Data of CSA report was chosen for the current study with the view to gain an overview of policy packages in root crops in contrast with other...
Varietal screening for resistance against field and storage crop pests: An implication for Ethiopian crop variety development
August 2018
Food security in developing countries like Ethiopia has been a challenge for many years due to pre and post-harvest losses of agricultural products which are caused by different biotic and abiotic factors. Grain losses from pest infestation prior to harvest and during storage are a serious problem, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. More than 70% insect pests have been identified; they attack...
Agro-morphological characterization of some taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.) germplasms in Ghana
August 2018
Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott.) is one of the underutilized crops in Ghana which has great potential in terms of food and nutritional value. Eighteen (18) accessions collected from Samoa (8), Malaysia (2), Indonesia (2) and Ghana (6) were studied under field conditions to collect data on their agro-morphological characteristics and yield potential for the development of the crop. The study was conducted at...
Potential in a collection of adapted and exotic tropical maize inbred lines as resistance source for stem borers
August 2018
Lepidopteran borers are the most devastating field pests of maize in West and Central Africa. In view of the rapidly changing climate which favours an upsurge of more destructive biotypes of insect pests, diverse sources of resistance from different genetic backgrounds need to be harnessed for crop improvement purposes. Forty tropical maize inbreds comprising adapted and exotic lines from International Institute of...
On farm demonstration of improved lettuce variety (Lactuca Sativa) in Southeastern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia
July 2018
Improved slow bolting lettuce variety is one of the important traits of lettuce for farmers in the study area to increase their production and income. Therefore a field experiment was conducted in Enderta district of South eastern zone of Tigray with the objective to evaluate and demonstrate the slow bolting lettuce variety, enhance the income of farmers by increasing production and productivity, and participate farmers...
Phenotypic and serological evaluation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) genotypes for resistance to viral infection under field conditions
July 2018
Viral infections are a major challenge to sustainable cowpea production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Nine cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes were evaluated for resistance against viral infection in a field trial involving randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Viral disease severity was assessed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after planting (WAP) based on disease symptoms. Double antibody sandwich-enzyme...
Incidence of seed borne fungi in farm saved rice seeds, quality declared seed and certified seed in Morogoro Region in Tanzania
July 2018
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most important food crop after maize in Tanzania. It faces many challenges like diseases, pests and physical damages, which reduce the seed quality. This article identified microorganisms and the district where they occurred. 13 fungal species comprising of 11 pathogenic and 2 saprophytic fungi were detected and the incidence level varied among sample. Mvomero District showed the...
Genetic variability in a quality protein maize (QPM) population under double viral infections
July 2018
The type of gene action conferring combined resistance to maize streak virus (MSV) and maize stripe virus (MStV) was investigated in a Quality Protein Maize (QPM) population, ART/98/SW6-OB. Full-sib and half-sib progenies generated using North Carolina Design I mating scheme were evaluated in 2015 and 2016 in two locations endemic to the viral diseases in Nigeria. Serological study was also conducted on the progenies to...
Genetic variation of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] genotypes for reaction to tef shoot fly [Atherigona hyalinipennis Van Emden], at Maysiye, Northern Ethiopia
June 2018
One of the major biotic stresses that limits tef yield is insect pests attack. Of these tef, shoot fly is sporadically important insect pest in various tef growing areas of Ethiopia. Evaluation of diversity of tef germplasm in Ethiopia for the reaction tef shoot fly might give a chance to get host plant resistance. The main objective of this study was to assess the genetic variation among tef genotypes for their...
Effect of heat stress on common bean under natural growing conditions in three locations in different climate zones in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
June 2018
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) originated in medium to high altitude regions and is sensitive to high temperatures. Climate changes from an increase in global temperatures are foreseen, and therefore better understanding of the mechanisms of heat tolerance is necessary. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of heat stress on twelve common bean genotypes under natural growing...
Development of two high-yielding, consumer-acceptable apple banana hybrids (Musa species, AAB genome group) with resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1
June 2018
Fusarium wilt of bananas (Musa species) is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Foc race 1 in particular affects dessert bananas in Uganda, causing >60% yield loss. This study was conducted to assess the performance of two new apple banana genotypes for bunch yield, resistance to Foc race 1 and consumer acceptability. The new apple banana genotypes (NAMU1 and NAMU2), along with two check cultivars, one...
Inheritance and combining ability study on drought tolerance and grain yield among early maturing inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.)
June 2018
Utilization of stress tolerant maize is key to sustainable production and food security. Limited knowledge on genetics of drought tolerance hampers development of drought tolerant varieties. The aim of this study was to study inheritance and combining ability of drought tolerance and grain yield among early inbred lines of maize. Five inbred lines were mated in full diallel in 2015 major season. The resultant 20...
Post-harvest evaluation of selected inbred lines to maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais resistance
May 2018
Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is a major maize (Zea mays L.) storage insect pest in the tropics which reduces the quantity and quality of maize hence facilitating establishment of aflatoxin and other mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to evaluate maize weevil resistance on selected inbred lines. Twenty eight inbred lines with 2 checks (MTPO701-reistant and Duma 41-susceptible) were used in this...
Genetic variability and diversity studies in Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes based on cluster analysis using agronomic and quality traits in Southern Ethiopia
May 2018
Genetic diversity is worthwhile for durum wheat breeding and consequently results in production of more efficient varieties under different conditions. Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distances was carried out with 21 durum wheat genotypes to assess the genetic diversity for agronomic and quality traits. The Unweighted Pair Group Average using Arithmetic Mean as linkage rule was used for the analysis of the...
Combining ability assessment in Helianthus annuus L. through line × tester analysis for quantitative traits and quality parameters
May 2018
The cross combinations of different lines and testers (L×T) for high yielding sunflower (Helianthus annuus) hybrids were evaluated. Plant materials were utilized by L×T mating design of 7 lines and 3 testers and their 21 hybrids were sown in the field during 2015 autumn season in RCBD design with 3 replications. Genetic variability, general combing ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) among...
Genotypes × Environment interaction analysis for Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata L.) genotypes using AMMI model
April 2018
The genotype x environment interaction (GEI) has an influence on the selection and recommendation of genotypes. To this end, G x E interaction and grain yield stability study was conducted for 17 advanced Ethiopian mustard across three districts (Sinana, Adaba and Agarfa) in the highlands of Bale zone during 2014 and 2015 main cropping season. Randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The...
Compatibility studies in Cola nitida genotypes
April 2018
Cross and self-pollination compatibility studies were carried out using 10 Cola nitida genotypes from the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan. The few genotypes that were self-pollinated tended to show low pod production; whereas, crosses between the genotypes showed higher pod production. These data would suggest that multiple genotypes should be included in plantations to achieve higher levels of...
Field assessment of disease resistance status of some newly-developed early and extra-early maize varieties under humid rainforest conditions of Nigeria
March 2018
Periodic assessment of resistant status of genetic materials in a breeding program is an important activity to ensure its continued progress. Forty newly-developed early and extra-early maize varieties were evaluated under natural field infection conditions for two years to assess their resistance status to some common diseases prevalent in the humid rainforest agro-ecology, and to determine effect of the diseases on...
Are nonwoven synthetic pollination bags a better choice for sorghum breeding?
March 2018
This work investigated the effects of seven pollination bag treatments on three varieties of sorghum for: grain loss to birds; total weight of five panicles (g); total grain weight of five panicles (g); average grain weight per panicle (g); germination per cent; and occurrence of grain mold during 2016. Varieties were: 1167048 hybrid (brown seeded); BR007B (red seeded); and P9401 (white seeded). The bag treatments were:...
Production of groups of tomatoes in substrate at different concentrations of phosphorus
February 2018
The development of production technologies, such as greenhouses, was highlighted in the growth of horticultural crops. However, these products are often offered without basic instructions to farmers who can generate financial losses. One outstanding production technology is substrate cultivation, which would be very useful in the cultivation of protected plants. Like this, in order to evaluate the effects of different...
Phenological, morphological and agronomic characterization of sixteen genotypes of cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in rainfed condition in Benin
February 2018
In Benin, cotton cultivation is rain fed. There is a need to develop varieties adapted to the current diversity of growing conditions caused by climate disruptions. To identify types of varieties that may be used in crossing to adapt varietal offer to climatic disturbances, sixteen genotypes of diverse origins were characterized with a randomized complete block design with four replications. Fifteen agro-morphological...
Screening cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes for drought tolerance under screen house conditions in Malawi
February 2018
Drought stress is a major factor decreasing cotton productivity in Malawi. To identify drought tolerant cultivars, a study was conducted in 2012 at Bunda College to evaluate the performance of 20 cotton genotypes under water stress conditions. A screen house pot experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design and data were recorded on tap root length, lateral root number, fresh root weight, dry root...
Inheritance of cowpea resistance to flower thrips in Uganda germplasm
January 2018
Flower thrips [Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom)] is the most damaging insect pest on cowpea. However, information regarding the nature of gene action governing the inheritance of resistance to thrips is not available for cowpea genotypes in Uganda. This study was carried out to determine the inheritance pattern of cowpea resistance to flower thrips. Five resistant cowpea genotypes and three susceptible genotypes were...
Performance of Solanum aethiopicum Shum group accessions under repetitive drought stress
January 2018
Drought is a serious climatic hazard to crop production, more especially when it occurs repeatedly. This created a need to identify repetitive drought tolerant varieties that recover following exposure to drought. Twenty accessions of Solanum aethiopicum Shum group were evaluated for their response to repeated drought exposure in a screen house at Uganda Christian University stressed and well-watered conditions in a...
Evaluation of crossability studies between selected eggplant accessions with wild relatives S. torvum, S. anguivi and S. aethopicum (Shum group)
January 2018
Wild relatives of eggplants represent a good source of variation for breeding programmes, in particular for traits related to biotic and abiotic stresses and also fruit quality traits. However, wild species remain largely unexploited for eggplant breeding compared to other crops like tomato. Seven cultivated eggplant accessions (SM001-02, SM001-04, SM001-06, SM001-07, SA002-02, SA002-03 and SMA003-03) were crossed with...
Assessment of the inheritance pattern of the novel "female only flower" trait in Jatropha curcas L. as potential for hybrid seed production
December 2017
Jatropha curcas L. (JLC) is a perennial shrub, originating in Central and South America and widely distributed in the tropical regions of the world. It is important in the bioenergy industries due to the characteristics of its oil which can be transformed into high quality biofuel for the substitution of diesel and jet fuel. The native gene, female only flower (FOF), is a desirable trait in the production of hybrid seed...
Estimates of combining ability for resistance to pod shattering in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) genotypes
December 2017
Combining ability estimates were studied for pod shattering and other agronomic traits in eight parental soybean genotypes of different pod shattering group namely: susceptible to pod shattering, moderately resistant to pod shattering were crossed in a 4 x 4 North Carolina mating design II to generate 16 crosses, due to missing stands encountered in some crosses, 9 successful F1S hybrids were obtained in the...
Evaluation of five botanical powders against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize (Jibat variety) under laboratory condition
November 2017
The present study was emphasized on low input technology entitled “Evaluation of five botanical powders against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize (Jibat variety) under laboratory condition”, thereby decreasing the loss of maize in storage. Leave powder of five botanical used at four doses such as 2, 5, 8 and 11% weight by weight with maize seeds were evaluated in...
Genetic diversity in speckled bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes in Ethiopia
November 2017
In the present investigation, the genetic variability of 64 speckled type common bean genotypes were evaluated at Haramaya University during 2015 cropping season using 8 × 8 simple lattice design with three replications. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant (P<0.01) differences among genotypes for all the nine characters studied. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for...
Combining ability of tropical early maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for grain yield and resistance to maize streak virus disease
October 2017
Maize is an important cereal crop in sub-Saharan Africa but production is adversely affected by maize streak virus disease (MSVD). In Ghana, re-occurrence of the disease has been reported in several regions, therefore, necessitating the development of resistant hybrids as the most sustainable and economical option. The objectives of the study were to identify parents and hybrids that combine MSVD resistance with high...
Genetic inheritance of resistance to Fusarium redolens in cowpea
October 2017
Fusarium related root rots have been associated with reduced cowpea productivity in Uganda. Sources of genetic resistance to Fusarium redolens which was found to be the most virulent have been identified but the mode of inheritance of the genes conferring the resistance is unknown. This study aims to investigate how the genes for resistance to F. redolens are inherited in cowpea. Four F. redolens root rot resistant...
Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of yield and grain quality traits in bread wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) genotypes at Axum, Northern Ethiopia
October 2017
Forty-nine bread wheat genotypes were tested at Axum, Northern Ethiopia in 2016/17, with the objective of assessing the extent of genetic variation, correlation and path analysis of wheat genotypes in yield and grain quality traits using 7 x 7 triple lattice design. Data were collected for 17 agronomic and grain quality characters. For each of the test entries, samples of 500 g grains were taken from each plot for...
Evaluation of seventy six sugarcane families at early selection stages
September 2017
An experiment was conducted on sugarcane families belonging to the early selection stage of the Sugarcane Research Institute, Kaiyuan, Yunnan Academy, China, to evaluate them for the selection of superior families for the later stages of the breeding program. Seventy-six full-sib families and check variety were evaluated. The experiment was conducted during two growing seasons, corresponding to the plant cane and first...
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