Gene effects and transgression in the inheritance of some agronomic traits of Citrullus mucosospermus
September 2024
Citrullus mucosospermus (Fursa) is a plant known for its high nutritional and market values. However, its cultivation remains traditional with low yields. This study was initiated to contribute to the genetic improvement of C. mucosospermus by determining key genetic parameters. To achieve this, three segregating populations were created from three crosses of C. mucosospermus. All six generations (Pa, Pb, F1, F2, BC1Pa,...
Genetic variability for tolerance against aluminium toxicity of selected common bean genotypes
August 2024
The study aimed to assess the tolerance of Andean genotypes to aluminium (Al) toxicity, a significant constraint in common bean production in Africa and Latin America. Nineteen Andean genotypes, along with the Al-resistant check ALB91, were evaluated for seedling Al tolerance in a hydroponic system within a screen house at the University of Zambia. Root length (RL), root dry weight (RDW), and number of lateral roots...
Pearl millet: A marginalized solution to climate change adaptation, nutrition and food security challenges in Uganda
July 2024
Pearl millet is an important climate-resilient crop in arid and semi-arid regions of Uganda. Its grains are used mainly for food, brewing, and feed; to a lesser extent, its stover is used as feed for livestock. Pearl millet research in Uganda started in the 1950s. However, over the past half a century, it has stalled and stagnated due to limited funding, insurgences, and human and infrastructural capacity, resulting in...
Genotype and genotype x environment interaction effects on the rice grain yield performance in different agro-ecologies in Tanzania
May 2024
This study aimed to assess the potential of elite rice lines to perform consistently and provide a high yield in several testing environments in Tanzania. A total of eleven rice genotypes were assessed for their yield performance and stability during two consecutive cropping seasons at three different environments. The assessment of grain yield stability was conducted using the Additive Main effect and Multiplicative...
Evaluation of yellow common bean (Phaseolus vulgsaris L.) genotypes for resistance to anthracnose
April 2024
Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a significant disease affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The identification of sources of anthracnose resistance within the yellow market class is crucial for developing yellow bean varieties resistant to anthracnose. The objective of this study was to assess a set of yellow common bean genotypes for resistance to eight races of C....
Performance of early-maturing topcross maize hybrids across multi-environments
February 2024
Maize is one of the most important cereal crops used as source of food and feed. Identification of suitable maize inbred lines and testers for the development of stable maize hybrids can be challenging. The assessments of the combining ability of selected maize inbred lines and testers, agronomic performance and yield stability of the resultant topcross hybrids would provide useful information that would guide the...
Genetic variability and stability analysis of multi environments trials for durum wheat grain yield in Ethiopia
February 2024
Genotype x Environment interactions and identification of stable genotypes in crop breeding programs for the production of grain crops under rain fed environments have become challenging. The study aimed to identify high yielding and stable durum wheat genotypes that are best suited for the relatively long season, high rain fall wheat growing environment of Ethiopia. In the study a total of 51 durum wheat genotypes...
Perception of the preferences of the links in the Spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) value chain in Burkina Faso
January 2024
Spider plant (Cleome gynandra L, Cleomaceae) is used in many parts of the world as an emergency crop, enabling populations to survive periods of hunger and famine. It is a leafy vegetable much appreciated by local populations, whose tender leaves and stems are used to prepare a variety of local dishes. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the perceptions and preferences of stakeholders in the C. gynandra L....
Insights into finger millet production: constraints, opportunities and implications for improving the crop in Uganda
November 2023
Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is an important staple food crop cultivated by many smallholder farmers in drought prone areas of Africa for food, nutritional security and income generation. It serves as an important source of energy, proteins, minerals and calcium to many Ugandans. In addition, the sale of finger millet grain and value-added products like the different “busheera” beverages...
Controlled pollination and representativeness of the parental genotypes used during the regeneration of old Tall coconut accessions (Cocos nucifera L.) from the International Collection for Africa and the Indian Ocean
October 2023
After 20 years of conservation of accessions of Tall coconut palms in the International Coconut Collection for Africa and the Indian Ocean (ICC-AIO), they become unusable because of the hight of the coconut palms which makes variety creation operations difficult. The regeneration of old accessions was therefore undertaken. However, the representativeness of the parental palms used as male or female genitors during the...
Targeting and mapping resistance to Cercospora sojina in two elite soybean (Glycine max L.) populations
October 2023
Frogeye Leaf Spot (FLS) is a soybean disease caused by the fungus Cercospora sojina. It is distinctly signified by red-brown circular lesions on the leaves that can move to the stems, pods, and seeds in severe infections. QoI inhibitor fungicides had been priorly used to control C. sojina, but resistance was quickly developed. Without adequate control, yield can be reduced to 40% when environmental conditions are...
Evaluation of stem borer resistant maize genotypes for resistance to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. SMITH) infestation
September 2023
Fall armyworm (FAW) is currently the most destructive insect pest of maize in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Varieties that combine high grain yield (GY) with tolerance to FAW would enhance and stabilize maize productivity in SSA. Genotypes resistant to lepidopteran pests like stem borer (SB) could serve as potential sources of alleles for development of FAW resistant varieties. This study was conducted to assess some...
Yield performance and stability evaluation of Striga-resistant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)
September 2023
Sorghum is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. However, the productivity of this important crop is low owing to different factors, of which Striga is most detrimental. Multi-environment performance evaluation was carried out consisting of 11 sorghum genotypes. The objective was to select better performing, Striga-resistant and stable sorghum lines. The trial was conducted at three Striga prone areas of...
Repeatability and number of harvests required for selection in coconut hybrid varieties
September 2023
In the breeding of perennial plant species, the coefficient of repeatability is an important parameter because it allows for effective early selection of superior genotypes, thus saving time and cost. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum number of years required for observation to identify superior genotypes of coconut with a high degree of accuracy. Four hybrid varieties of coconut were evaluated in...
Varietal differences in symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nitrogen redistribution in common bean
July 2023
The objective of this study was to investigate varietal differences in symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) and redistribution of N in the leaves and stems. Five Andean genotypes Sisi, Bukoba, Red Hawk, Mecost and Cardinal were evaluated for SNF and N redistribution in a field trial conducted at University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. Nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (NDFA) ranged from 15.9 kg ha-1 (Cardinal) to 48.4 kg...
Diversity of Dioscorea bulbifera Linn in Uganda assessed by morphological markers and genotyping-by-sequencing technology (GBS)
May 2023
Dioscorea bulbifera L. is a widely distributed plant in the humid and sub-humid tropics. The taxonomic treatment of this species is ambiguous due to its extreme polymorphic morphological characters. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the species distribution, and the inter and intraspecific variability relationships in D. bulbifera. In this study, the genetic diversity and species distribution of 41 accessions of D....
Inheritance of bacterial wilt resistance in five tomato cultivars
May 2023
Five tomato cultivars were studied for inheritance of bacterial wilt resistance. Lines AVTO1429, AVTO1424, and AVTO1314 have the resistance gene, Roma VF lacks the resistance gene, and Valoria Select is claimed to have resistance but has not been evaluated. The study, which was carried out in a split plot design, involved six generations and backcrosses that were conducted in a greenhouse and a field. Artificial...
Genetic analysis of agronomic characters in chickpea using line × tester mating design
April 2023
Twenty-one crosses developed from the frame of line × tester analysis along with ten parents were grown in two replicates experiment. Data on days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods/plant, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of tertiary branches, number of seeds per pod and seed yield per plant (g), revealed high significant differences exist among lines,...
Genetic bio-fortification of cereals from a plant breeding perspective
February 2023
Genetic “biofortification” presents an opportunity to provide sustainable and cost effective solution to the perennial problem of ‘hidden hunger’ prevalent in most marginalized regions of the world. Diets in households across many developing countries typically consist of high calorie crops which are mostly cereals with limited diversified food. Production of cereal crops with elevated quantities...
Evaluation of elite soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes for nitrogen nutrition, water use efficiency and grain yield in the Guinea Savanna Agro Ecological Zone of Northern Ghana
January 2023
Nitrogen is essential due to its function in plant growth and development. It is a component of DNA and proteins which are the building blocks of life. Nitrogen is one of the most limiting factors for crop production. The need to meet the huge nitrogen requirement has necessitated the use of synthetic fertilizer. However, its continued application affects soil health, environment, and agricultural sustainability....
Nutritional and phytochemical characterization of taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] germplasm from Burkina Faso
January 2023
Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is a food crop mainly produced for its nutrient-rich corms. This study aims to characterize the nutritional and antioxidant potential of fifty-nine genotypes of taro to identify the most interesting chemotypes. The traits evaluated were: starch, proteins, soluble sugars, total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, assessed by Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and...
Screening for yield-related agronomic traits in a panel of locally conserved common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions
January 2023
Characterization and conservation of germplasm is a critical step toward the genetic improvement of the crop. This study assessed variation in 257 common bean genotypes which included 207 accessions obtained the National Gene Bank of Kenya, 33 accessions from Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 13 landraces collected from farmers’ fields and four commercial varieties for various...
Factor analysis of morphological characters in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines evaluated in low altitude conditions of the bimodal humid forest zone of Cameroon
October 2022
The primary efforts in any wheat breeding program are the targeting of important traits and the detection of genetic diversity among different wheat genotypes in different environments. Hence to identify prominent traits in wheat lines in low altitude conditions of the bimodal humid forest zone of Cameroon, 38 wheat lines were characterized on the base of morphological traits. The field experiment was conducted in low...
Inheritance of stay green physiological determinants in drought tolerant maize inbred lines
August 2022
Stay green is the plant’s ability to sustain photosynthetically functional green leaf area for longer periods, even with excessive water stress. This study was done to understand the gene action that controlled inheritance of the stay green trait with the general objective of contributing to breeding more drought tolerant maize varieties. 10 F1 hybrids from crosses between highly performing and the least...
Reaction of selected rice genotypes with monogenic resistance to the isolate of Magnaporthe Oryzae collected at Namulonge, Uganda
February 2022
The fungus Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease leading to substantial yield losses. This study aims at understanding the effectiveness of R-genes to the isolate of M. oryzae from Namulonge in Central Uganda to decide the incorporation of their carrier lines in local gene pyramiding programs. Eighty-three genotypes (73 monogenic resistance lines and 10 local varieties) were evaluated in two different experiments...
Assessment of genetic variability, diversity, and identification of promising lines in linseed germplasm for harnessing genetic gain in central plain of the Indian subcontinent
February 2022
Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), cultivated in more than 60 countries, is grown for fiber and oilseed worldwide. Here effort was made to assess the genetic variability in linseed germplasm and identify some promising lines used as parents in the linseed hybridization program. The study was designed with a total of 82 germplasm and a national check in RCBD for genetic variability for 11 agronomic traits. In this study,...
Genetic diversity assessment among 18 elite cashew tree genotypes (Anacardium occidentale L) selected in Western Burkina Faso
February 2022
The development of cashew orchards increased in recent years in Burkina Faso, due to high nut demand on international markets. However, little activities have been oriented toward cashew cultivar development, and farmers often use seed plants with little or no information about genetic characteristics of the material at hand. Therefore, a description of cashew diversity is needed to provide guidance to farmers and...
Evaluation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) breeding lines and genotype-by-environment interaction across production environments in Southern Africa
December 2021
Yield is a quantitative trait known to be influenced by changes in the environment in which the crop is grown, suggesting the need to evaluate soybean lines in different growing regions to assess their adaptability and stability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, yield stability, and genotype × environment interaction (G×E) in soybean cultivars, and the informativeness of six...
Evaluation of durum wheat (Triticum turgdium var durum) genotypes for drought tolerance using morpho-agronomic traits
December 2021
Identification of durum wheat variety adapted to drought environment is required to expand durum wheat cultivation to lowland areas in order to meet the growing demand of the crop for industrialization. The objective of the study was to evaluate and identify durum wheat genotypes tolerant to terminal drought, using morpho-agronomic traits. One hundred and forty four durum wheat (Triticum turgidium var durum) genotypes...
Stay-green genes contributed for drought adaptation and performance under post-flowering moisture stress on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
November 2021
The need to accelerate breeding for increased yield and better adaptation to drought is an issue of great concern because of the high demand for food and potential climate change poses further challenges. The study was designed to introgress drought-tolerant possessing genes/quantitative trait loci into popular and farmer-preferred cultivars through marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) and assess for post-flowering...
Yield performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under supplemental irrigation regimes in semi-arid tropics
October 2021
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in the semi-arid environment is not usually irrigated. Knowledge about effect of reduced drought stress effects under supplemental irrigation can improve chickpea productivity. In this study, the chickpea has been submitted to supplemental irrigation during reproductive phase under rainfed conditions. The main objective was to determine the effects of supplemental irrigation regimes...
Mode of inheritance for resistance to FOC Race 1 and fruit quality traits in Sukali Ndizi cultivar of Banana
October 2021
Information on the genetic control of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense (FOC) race (1) and fruit quality traits in Sukali Ndizi cultivar of banana is key to its genetic improvement. The mode of resistance to Fusarium wilt in Sukali Ndizi was analyzed in 536 hybrids and 5 parental lines and quality attributes in 137 hybrids and two parental lines, grown in same environment. Fruit quality was assessed by...
Impact of climate change on armyworm infestation on maize in Nigeria: A review
September 2021
Maize (Zea mays) is an important food crop in Nigeria, and it is fast becoming the most widely cultivated crop. Several efforts have been made by the Nigeria Government to make the country self-sufficiency in maize production, but some biotic and abiotic factors are impeding this achievement. Among the biotic constraints militating against maize production in Nigeria, armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is most devastating...
Exploiting combining ability in a diallel cross between native and elite cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) varieties
September 2021
F1 progenies derived from a set of diallel crosses involving native and 5 elite cucumber varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to study combining ability for some important agronomic traits. The analysis of variance revealed that the mean squares due to genotypes were significant for the traits studied, indicating wide diversity among the parents. Mean squares for...
BLUP & AMMI model for stability analysis of wheat genotypes evaluated under irrigated timely sown trials in North Eastern Plains Zone of India
September 2021
Environments explained 49.4%, G×E interaction 28.1%, and genotypes only 5.6% of the total sum of squares due to treatments for the first year of studied period 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. More than 95% of variations had been accounted for by the first seven interaction principal components. Superiority indexes had identified WH1239, DBW187, HD3249 genotypes as per the BLUE estimates. Same genotypes were...
Response of selected sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) genotypes to striga hermonthica (del.) benth in western Kenya
August 2021
Sorghum is an important staple food crop in Kenya, but its yield is low due to many constraints which include diseases, drought, soil fertility, and pests, notably parasitic weed Striga hermonthica. Twenty elite sorghum genotypes and one resistant check were evaluated in three replications in a complete randomized design in Agar Gel (AG) experiment and randomized complete block design on selected Striga hotspot farms at...
Water use efficiency: Behavior of upland rice lines under water deficit
August 2021
Upland rice (Oryza sativa) is affected by several biotic and abiotic factors that limit the yield potential of cultivars. In relation to water deficiency, the development of drought tolerant and water efficient cultivars is a priority in breeding programs. With this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic behavior of upland rice lines subjected to different irrigations depths aiming for the selection of genotypes that are...
Inheritance and detection of QTL in cowpea resistance to brown blotch disease
August 2021
Brown blotch disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici, is one of the most important disease affecting cowpea production in Burkna Faso. Every year the disease can cause yield losses as high as 42 to 100% on farmer’s fileds. This study aimed to understand the inheritance of its resistance in cowpea and also identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the resistance. Seedlings of parents and F1, F2 and...
Agromorphological characterization of scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) grown in the Republic of Benin
July 2021
The scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) is an African traditional vegetable grown for its edibles leaves and fruits, which can contribute to food security in Republic of Benin. However, very little information is available on the genetic variability of this vegetable for varietal improvement purposes. Sixty accessions of scarlet eggplants collected throughout 52 villages in Benin republic were characterized using...
Inheritance studies of grain shape and aroma traits of rice genotypes in Uganda rice germplasm
July 2021
A study was conducted to determine the mode of inheritance for grain shape and aroma traits of lines in the Uganda rice germplasm. Five aromatic and four non-aromatic rice lines were crossed in screen house using North Carolina Design II at the National Crops Resources Research Institute, Uganda. The resulting F2 seeds and their parents were planted in the field using complete randomized block design in two...
Phenotypic diversity study on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes managed under different soil fertility levels for Adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) resistance in Ethiopia
June 2021
Chickpea is one of the main annual crops in Ethiopia both in terms of its total cultivated area of pulses and its role in direct human consumption. The major problem to increase pulse production is the loss of seed viability and seeds damage from insect infestation particularly Adzuki bean beetle. Research works conducted on diversity study on chickpea varieties grown under different soil fertility levels were scanty....
Morphological and microsatellite characterization of improved Lablab purpureus genotypes
April 2021
Lablab purpureus is a multipurpose legume mainly grown by subsistence farmers for pulse, forage and vegetable. Despite these diverse uses that can be combined successfully under various agronomic conditions, the bean has not been extensively exploited. Dolichos production in Kenya is constrained by low yielding varieties, pests, poor growing techniques and varieties with non-preferred taste and flavor. A study to...
Identification of best maize-legume based cropping systems under conservation agriculture practices for Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
April 2021
Cereal crops especially maize production in Ethiopian Central Rift Valley is affected by biotic and abiotic production. This study was conducted for two seasons (2015-2016) and the best cropping system was identified using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The experiment had six treatments (1) Continuous mono-cropping under conventional practice (CN), (2) continuous mono cropping under...
Reproduction mode and apospory expressivity of selected hybrids of Paspalum notatum Flügge
April 2021
Paspalum notatum Flüggé (bahiagrass) is the most important forage grass in the native grasslands of southern Brazil; the native germplasm is tetraploid and apomictic. Breeding to produce cultivars has been possible due to chromosome doubling of sexual diploid accessions, allowing hybridizations with apomictic genotypes, generating progenies with variability for agronomic traits and segregating for...
Canadian plant breeder opinions regarding changes to plant breeders’ rights
April 2021
In 1991, Canada became a member of the International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties (UPOV). To further incentivize plant breeding research and development, Canada updated its plant breeders’ rights framework in 2015 to become compliant with UPOV-91 (the latest Act of the Treaty). This article reports the results of a survey assessing the impacts of UPOV-91 on Canadian plant breeders, and their...
QTL mapping for resistance to Cercospora sojina in ‘Essex’ × ‘Forrest’ soybean (Glycine max L.) lines
February 2021
Frogeye leafspot (FLS), caused by Cercospora sojina, is observed as red-brown lesions on leaves that can coalesce and decrease the photosynthetic ability of soybeans. The average yield loss due to Frogeye Leaf Spot is estimated at approximately 40% in established fields, whereas 100% incidence was previously recorded. QoI inhibitor fungicides were considered an effective control method, but the pathogen quickly evolved...
Effectiveness of pyramided genes in conferring resistance to anthracnose disease in common bean populations
January 2021
Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. et. Magn) Lams. Scrib.) is one of the most devastating diseases that constrain common bean production in Uganda. A cascading pedigree pyramiding scheme was used to develop common bean populations to evaluate the effectiveness of pyramided and single resistance genes (Co-42, Co-43, Co-5, and Co-9) on disease development. Detached leaf trifoliates of F4:6 genotypes...
Characters association and path coefficient analysis of orange fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] genotypes evaluated in Hawassa, Ethiopia
November 2020
The experiment was conducted to assess associations between root yield and yield- related traits of orange-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes to identify traits that have maximum effect on root yield of sweetpotato to make possible selection. Twenty-four Orange Fleshed Sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated in 2017 main cropping season at Hawassa Agricultural Research Center using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with...
Association and interrelationship of yield and agronomic characters in coffee (Coffea sp L)
November 2020
Coffee is an important commodity in the international market. However, little attention is given to it and its breeding research in Nigeria. This has resulted to low production and foreign earning. The information on relationship between yield and yield- related characters is an excellent and significant tool for breeding. The experiment was conducted on Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria coffee germplasms. The...
Participatory maize hybrid evaluation for different cropping systems in the central rift valley in Ethiopia
October 2020
This study was conducted at research and farmers’ field. Seven new promising and three standard checks in total ten hybrid varieties were planted and evaluated in 2013 main season. At research field, the genotypes were tested under sole and inter cropping in two replications and each genotype was planted in two rows using spacing 0.75 cm and 0.30 cm between consecutive maize rows and between plants, respectively....
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