Genetic bio-fortification of cereals from a plant breeding perspective
February 2023
Genetic “biofortification” presents an opportunity to provide sustainable and cost effective solution to the perennial problem of ‘hidden hunger’ prevalent in most marginalized regions of the world. Diets in households across many developing countries typically consist of high calorie crops which are mostly cereals with limited diversified food. Production of cereal crops with elevated quantities...
Nutritional and phytochemical characterization of taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] germplasm from Burkina Faso
January 2023
Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is a food crop mainly produced for its nutrient-rich corms. This study aims to characterize the nutritional and antioxidant potential of fifty-nine genotypes of taro to identify the most interesting chemotypes. The traits evaluated were: starch, proteins, soluble sugars, total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, assessed by Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and...
Screening for yield-related agronomic traits in a panel of locally conserved common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions
January 2023
Characterization and conservation of germplasm is a critical step toward the genetic improvement of the crop. This study assessed variation in 257 common bean genotypes which included 207 accessions obtained the National Gene Bank of Kenya, 33 accessions from Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 13 landraces collected from farmers’ fields and four commercial varieties for various...
Evaluation of elite soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes for nitrogen nutrition, water use efficiency and grain yield in the Guinea Savanna Agro Ecological Zone of Northern Ghana
January 2023
Nitrogen is essential due to its function in plant growth and development. It is a component of DNA and proteins which are the building blocks of life. Nitrogen is one of the most limiting factors for crop production. The need to meet the huge nitrogen requirement has necessitated the use of synthetic fertilizer. However, its continued application affects soil health, environment, and agricultural sustainability....
Factor analysis of morphological characters in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines evaluated in low altitude conditions of the bimodal humid forest zone of Cameroon
October 2022
The primary efforts in any wheat breeding program are the targeting of important traits and the detection of genetic diversity among different wheat genotypes in different environments. Hence to identify prominent traits in wheat lines in low altitude conditions of the bimodal humid forest zone of Cameroon, 38 wheat lines were characterized on the base of morphological traits. The field experiment was conducted in low...
Inheritance of stay green physiological determinants in drought tolerant maize inbred lines
August 2022
Stay green is the plant’s ability to sustain photosynthetically functional green leaf area for longer periods, even with excessive water stress. This study was done to understand the gene action that controlled inheritance of the stay green trait with the general objective of contributing to breeding more drought tolerant maize varieties. 10 F1 hybrids from crosses between highly performing and the least...
Reaction of selected rice genotypes with monogenic resistance to the isolate of Magnaporthe Oryzae collected at Namulonge, Uganda
February 2022
The fungus Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease leading to substantial yield losses. This study aims at understanding the effectiveness of R-genes to the isolate of M. oryzae from Namulonge in Central Uganda to decide the incorporation of their carrier lines in local gene pyramiding programs. Eighty-three genotypes (73 monogenic resistance lines and 10 local varieties) were evaluated in two different experiments...
Assessment of genetic variability, diversity, and identification of promising lines in linseed germplasm for harnessing genetic gain in central plain of the Indian subcontinent
February 2022
Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), cultivated in more than 60 countries, is grown for fiber and oilseed worldwide. Here effort was made to assess the genetic variability in linseed germplasm and identify some promising lines used as parents in the linseed hybridization program. The study was designed with a total of 82 germplasm and a national check in RCBD for genetic variability for 11 agronomic traits. In this study,...
Genetic diversity assessment among 18 elite cashew tree genotypes (Anacardium occidentale L) selected in Western Burkina Faso
February 2022
The development of cashew orchards increased in recent years in Burkina Faso, due to high nut demand on international markets. However, little activities have been oriented toward cashew cultivar development, and farmers often use seed plants with little or no information about genetic characteristics of the material at hand. Therefore, a description of cashew diversity is needed to provide guidance to farmers and...
Evaluation of durum wheat (Triticum turgdium var durum) genotypes for drought tolerance using morpho-agronomic traits
December 2021
Identification of durum wheat variety adapted to drought environment is required to expand durum wheat cultivation to lowland areas in order to meet the growing demand of the crop for industrialization. The objective of the study was to evaluate and identify durum wheat genotypes tolerant to terminal drought, using morpho-agronomic traits. One hundred and forty four durum wheat (Triticum turgidium var durum) genotypes...
Evaluation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) breeding lines and genotype-by-environment interaction across production environments in Southern Africa
December 2021
Yield is a quantitative trait known to be influenced by changes in the environment in which the crop is grown, suggesting the need to evaluate soybean lines in different growing regions to assess their adaptability and stability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, yield stability, and genotype × environment interaction (G×E) in soybean cultivars, and the informativeness of six...
Stay-green genes contributed for drought adaptation and performance under post-flowering moisture stress on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
November 2021
The need to accelerate breeding for increased yield and better adaptation to drought is an issue of great concern because of the high demand for food and potential climate change poses further challenges. The study was designed to introgress drought-tolerant possessing genes/quantitative trait loci into popular and farmer-preferred cultivars through marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) and assess for post-flowering...
Yield performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under supplemental irrigation regimes in semi-arid tropics
October 2021
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in the semi-arid environment is not usually irrigated. Knowledge about effect of reduced drought stress effects under supplemental irrigation can improve chickpea productivity. In this study, the chickpea has been submitted to supplemental irrigation during reproductive phase under rainfed conditions. The main objective was to determine the effects of supplemental irrigation regimes...
Mode of inheritance for resistance to FOC Race 1 and fruit quality traits in Sukali Ndizi cultivar of Banana
October 2021
Information on the genetic control of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense (FOC) race (1) and fruit quality traits in Sukali Ndizi cultivar of banana is key to its genetic improvement. The mode of resistance to Fusarium wilt in Sukali Ndizi was analyzed in 536 hybrids and 5 parental lines and quality attributes in 137 hybrids and two parental lines, grown in same environment. Fruit quality was assessed by...
Impact of climate change on armyworm infestation on maize in Nigeria: A review
September 2021
Maize (Zea mays) is an important food crop in Nigeria, and it is fast becoming the most widely cultivated crop. Several efforts have been made by the Nigeria Government to make the country self-sufficiency in maize production, but some biotic and abiotic factors are impeding this achievement. Among the biotic constraints militating against maize production in Nigeria, armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is most devastating...
BLUP & AMMI model for stability analysis of wheat genotypes evaluated under irrigated timely sown trials in North Eastern Plains Zone of India
September 2021
Environments explained 49.4%, G×E interaction 28.1%, and genotypes only 5.6% of the total sum of squares due to treatments for the first year of studied period 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. More than 95% of variations had been accounted for by the first seven interaction principal components. Superiority indexes had identified WH1239, DBW187, HD3249 genotypes as per the BLUE estimates. Same genotypes were...
Exploiting combining ability in a diallel cross between native and elite cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) varieties
September 2021
F1 progenies derived from a set of diallel crosses involving native and 5 elite cucumber varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to study combining ability for some important agronomic traits. The analysis of variance revealed that the mean squares due to genotypes were significant for the traits studied, indicating wide diversity among the parents. Mean squares for...
Inheritance and detection of QTL in cowpea resistance to brown blotch disease
August 2021
Brown blotch disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici, is one of the most important disease affecting cowpea production in Burkna Faso. Every year the disease can cause yield losses as high as 42 to 100% on farmer’s fileds. This study aimed to understand the inheritance of its resistance in cowpea and also identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the resistance. Seedlings of parents and F1, F2 and...
Water use efficiency: Behavior of upland rice lines under water deficit
August 2021
Upland rice (Oryza sativa) is affected by several biotic and abiotic factors that limit the yield potential of cultivars. In relation to water deficiency, the development of drought tolerant and water efficient cultivars is a priority in breeding programs. With this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic behavior of upland rice lines subjected to different irrigations depths aiming for the selection of genotypes that are...
Response of selected sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) genotypes to striga hermonthica (del.) benth in western Kenya
August 2021
Sorghum is an important staple food crop in Kenya, but its yield is low due to many constraints which include diseases, drought, soil fertility, and pests, notably parasitic weed Striga hermonthica. Twenty elite sorghum genotypes and one resistant check were evaluated in three replications in a complete randomized design in Agar Gel (AG) experiment and randomized complete block design on selected Striga hotspot farms at...
Agromorphological characterization of scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) grown in the Republic of Benin
July 2021
The scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) is an African traditional vegetable grown for its edibles leaves and fruits, which can contribute to food security in Republic of Benin. However, very little information is available on the genetic variability of this vegetable for varietal improvement purposes. Sixty accessions of scarlet eggplants collected throughout 52 villages in Benin republic were characterized using...
Inheritance studies of grain shape and aroma traits of rice genotypes in Uganda rice germplasm
July 2021
A study was conducted to determine the mode of inheritance for grain shape and aroma traits of lines in the Uganda rice germplasm. Five aromatic and four non-aromatic rice lines were crossed in screen house using North Carolina Design II at the National Crops Resources Research Institute, Uganda. The resulting F2 seeds and their parents were planted in the field using complete randomized block design in two...
Phenotypic diversity study on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes managed under different soil fertility levels for Adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) resistance in Ethiopia
June 2021
Chickpea is one of the main annual crops in Ethiopia both in terms of its total cultivated area of pulses and its role in direct human consumption. The major problem to increase pulse production is the loss of seed viability and seeds damage from insect infestation particularly Adzuki bean beetle. Research works conducted on diversity study on chickpea varieties grown under different soil fertility levels were scanty....
Reproduction mode and apospory expressivity of selected hybrids of Paspalum notatum Flügge
April 2021
Paspalum notatum Flüggé (bahiagrass) is the most important forage grass in the native grasslands of southern Brazil; the native germplasm is tetraploid and apomictic. Breeding to produce cultivars has been possible due to chromosome doubling of sexual diploid accessions, allowing hybridizations with apomictic genotypes, generating progenies with variability for agronomic traits and segregating for...
Canadian plant breeder opinions regarding changes to plant breeders’ rights
April 2021
In 1991, Canada became a member of the International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties (UPOV). To further incentivize plant breeding research and development, Canada updated its plant breeders’ rights framework in 2015 to become compliant with UPOV-91 (the latest Act of the Treaty). This article reports the results of a survey assessing the impacts of UPOV-91 on Canadian plant breeders, and their...
Identification of best maize-legume based cropping systems under conservation agriculture practices for Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
April 2021
Cereal crops especially maize production in Ethiopian Central Rift Valley is affected by biotic and abiotic production. This study was conducted for two seasons (2015-2016) and the best cropping system was identified using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The experiment had six treatments (1) Continuous mono-cropping under conventional practice (CN), (2) continuous mono cropping under...
Morphological and microsatellite characterization of improved Lablab purpureus genotypes
April 2021
Lablab purpureus is a multipurpose legume mainly grown by subsistence farmers for pulse, forage and vegetable. Despite these diverse uses that can be combined successfully under various agronomic conditions, the bean has not been extensively exploited. Dolichos production in Kenya is constrained by low yielding varieties, pests, poor growing techniques and varieties with non-preferred taste and flavor. A study to...
QTL mapping for resistance to Cercospora sojina in ‘Essex’ × ‘Forrest’ soybean (Glycine max L.) lines
February 2021
Frogeye leafspot (FLS), caused by Cercospora sojina, is observed as red-brown lesions on leaves that can coalesce and decrease the photosynthetic ability of soybeans. The average yield loss due to Frogeye Leaf Spot is estimated at approximately 40% in established fields, whereas 100% incidence was previously recorded. QoI inhibitor fungicides were considered an effective control method, but the pathogen quickly evolved...
Effectiveness of pyramided genes in conferring resistance to anthracnose disease in common bean populations
January 2021
Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. et. Magn) Lams. Scrib.) is one of the most devastating diseases that constrain common bean production in Uganda. A cascading pedigree pyramiding scheme was used to develop common bean populations to evaluate the effectiveness of pyramided and single resistance genes (Co-42, Co-43, Co-5, and Co-9) on disease development. Detached leaf trifoliates of F4:6 genotypes...
Association and interrelationship of yield and agronomic characters in coffee (Coffea sp L)
November 2020
Coffee is an important commodity in the international market. However, little attention is given to it and its breeding research in Nigeria. This has resulted to low production and foreign earning. The information on relationship between yield and yield- related characters is an excellent and significant tool for breeding. The experiment was conducted on Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria coffee germplasms. The...
Characters association and path coefficient analysis of orange fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] genotypes evaluated in Hawassa, Ethiopia
November 2020
The experiment was conducted to assess associations between root yield and yield- related traits of orange-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes to identify traits that have maximum effect on root yield of sweetpotato to make possible selection. Twenty-four Orange Fleshed Sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated in 2017 main cropping season at Hawassa Agricultural Research Center using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with...
Assessment of indigenous knowledge associated with Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) seed selection and the seed quality attributes in Fafen Zone of Somali Region, Ethiopia
October 2020
Understanding agro-pastoralist’s indigenous knowledge associated with sorghum seed selection, seed systems, and seed quality management will help to devise strategies for enhancing the food and feed security in crop-livestock mixed farming system. With this intention, indigenous knowledge practices of on-farm sorghum seed selection and evaluation of the seed quality were surveyed, which ultimately contributes to...
Multi-environment trial and spatial analysis for yield performance of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrids in dry lowland sorghum growing areas of Ethiopia
October 2020
Sorghum is one of the most widely preferred and cultivated crops in Ethiopia. It is grown for food and feed components. In the developed world, exploitation of heterosis in most crops (Maize, Sorghum, Rice, etc.) is high. There is a clear need to develop sorghum hybrids in Ethiopia to improve their livelihood by increasing sorghum production and productivity. One of the strategies for increasing sorghum yield is through...
Participatory maize hybrid evaluation for different cropping systems in the central rift valley in Ethiopia
October 2020
This study was conducted at research and farmers’ field. Seven new promising and three standard checks in total ten hybrid varieties were planted and evaluated in 2013 main season. At research field, the genotypes were tested under sole and inter cropping in two replications and each genotype was planted in two rows using spacing 0.75 cm and 0.30 cm between consecutive maize rows and between plants, respectively....
Genetic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) landrace collections as reveled by morphological markers
October 2020
Knowledge of the extent and pattern of genetic diversity within and among populations is crucial to identify useful breeding materials and design appropriate collection and conservation strategies. Genetic diversity of 160 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) accessions was studied using 15 morpho-agronomic traits. The field studies for morphological characterization were undertaken at Adadi Maryam and Ginchi locations...
Evaluation of the performance of advanced generation soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes using GGE biplot
September 2020
Soybean is an important food and cash crop in Uganda. Despite the importance of soybean in Uganda’s economy, its performance is highly affected by genotype × environment interaction making it difficult to select and recommend new superior soybean genotypes for diverse growing environments. The objectives of this study were to examine the nature of G × E interaction for soybean grain yield, to identify...
Performance and adaptability of common bean genotypes at different agro-ecological environments in Kagera region
September 2020
Sixteen common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were used to study the genotype by environment interaction and grain yield stability. The randomized complete block design was used with three replicates. Data on yield were analyzed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot model was used to display graphical...
Evaluating the pollen proofing of nonwoven synthetic fabric pollination control tents for sugar beet
August 2020
Three pollination control tents (PCTs) made from novel nonwoven synthetic fabrics with more open pore structure (DWB10, DWB23 and DWB24) were compared with the standard DWB01 fabric for pollen proofing in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) at the research station of Lion Seed Ltd Essex, UK in 2019. PCTs of 63.5 x 63.5 cm footprint accommodated single potted plants. A completely randomised trial with five replications...
Performance evaluation and selection of new maize hybrids under sole and inter crop production systems
August 2020
Screening of maize genotypes under different cropping systems (sole and inter cropping) is very important to understand the genotypes response for different abiotic and a biotic stress. Nine maize genotypes including the standard check (BH-543) were planted and evaluated at research and farmers’ fields in the 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons. Farmers were invited to evaluate the genotypes based on their criteria of...
Assessing the effectiveness of nonwoven fabric pollination tents for improved grass breeding
August 2020
The practices of using isolation and distance in the seed production of open pollinated crops are fundamental concepts to ensure seed purity. We uniquely examined the effectiveness of replacing isolation plots for seed production and grass breeding with different sizes of novel nonwoven synthetic fabric pollination control tents (PCTs). Two fabrics, DWB10 and DWB24, were used along with multiple genotypes of tall fescue...
Genetic progress for tuber yield and related traits of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Ethiopia
July 2020
Little work has been done to evaluate the progress made in potato improvement in Ethiopia during the past three decades and information about traits most contributing to progress in yield is scarce. Hence, this experiment was conducted to estimate rate of genetic improvement made over time in yield and to determine traits most contributing to progress in tuber yield. Twenty varieties of potato released in Ethiopia...
Sorghum mutation breeding for tolerance to water deficit under climate change
July 2020
This study aimed at creating genetic variability by induced mutagenesis in farmers’ preferred sorghum variety (ICSV1049) to breed mutant lines for water deficit tolerance. Sorghum seeds were irradiated by gamma rays and sown as one panicle-to-one progeny method. Putative lines M5 (143) and parent were screened under water deficit stress. Data analysis showed that leaf senescence (LS) was positively correlated to...
Inheritance pattern of resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp sesame) in sesame
June 2020
Fusarium wilts (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesame) is among of the most destructive soil-borne disease of sesame in Uganda. The disease may cause yield loss of up to 100% if not controlled. Breeding and use of resistant varieties is the most economic and eco-friendly solution to the disease since majority of sesame growers are resource constrained. Some genotypes were reported to be moderately resistant to the disease in...
Evaluation of improved pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) varieties for organoleptic dal quality in India
June 2020
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) is an important pulse crop in the Indian diet and one of the most important sources of dietary protein for the population. Organoleptic qualities of pigeon pea dal were tested to draw conclusions on the preferred varieties. Organoleptic qualities such as taste, texture, aroma, tenderness, sweetness and overall acceptance were tested by a trained sensory panel. Available and...
Genetic variation among white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) landraces from Northwestern and Southern Ethiopia for agronomic traits and nutrient contents of grain
June 2020
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is rich in quality protein, relatively tolerant to drought, soil salinity and acidity, increase the fertility of soils and can contribute to improved agricultural sustainability, food security and reduce malnutrition which has close associations with climate change. This study was conducted to assess genetic variability of white lupin genotypes for agronomic traits and nutrient contents of...
Selection of drought tolerant genotypes in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using indices
June 2020
A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of drought stress on pod yield and other traits of groundnut genotypes to select the ten best performing genotypes using indices. Ninety six genotypes including 90 F2:3 progenies, 4 parents and 2 checks were planted under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRISAT, Mali. Six selection...
Harnessing genotype-by-environment interaction to determine adaptability of advanced cowpea lines to multiple environments in Uganda
May 2020
This study was conducted to determine the yield stability of advanced cowpea lines in diverse agro-ecological zones of Uganda in order to facilitate documentation requirements for national performance trials (NPT). Thirty cowpea genotypes were evaluated against six checks in three localities, over three growing seasons, making a total of 9 unique environments. The trials were laid in a 6x6 alpha lattice design with...
Allelic variability of oil palm inter-population progenies based on simple sequence repeats markers
May 2020
The genetic structure and variability was described among 52 oil palm inter-population crosses after two selection cycles using simple sequence repeats markers (SRR). The 10 sets of SSR markers covering 62.5% of the oil palm genome showed a high level of polymorphism (average number of alleles per locus = 6.7; unbiased expected heterozygosity = 0.655; G”st = 0.346) across the oil palm samples. On the basis of...
Potential of ten wild diploid cotton species for the improvement of fiber fineness of upland cotton through interspecific hybridization
May 2020
Cotton is the highest source of natural fiber in textile industry worldwide. With the modern spinning technologies, the demand for cotton fiber with higher quality has increased, making the genetic improvement of fiber quality one of the main challenges for cotton breeders. In cotton breeding, wild species are important source of several desirable genes for genetic improvement of the main cultivated cotton Gossypium...
Establishment of an early selection method (criteria) for breeding in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
May 2020
Populations with high genetic variability are targeted by breeders as they create opportunity for selection and genetic improvement. To achieve this, multiple populations are created, but resources are often scarce. This calls for identification of populations with the desired traits at early generation. The study was carried out at MUARIK in seasons 2017A and 2017B on 135 F2 and 40 F3 cowpea populations respectively...
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