Sorghum mutation breeding for tolerance to water deficit under climate change
July 2020
This study aimed at creating genetic variability by induced mutagenesis in farmers’ preferred sorghum variety (ICSV1049) to breed mutant lines for water deficit tolerance. Sorghum seeds were irradiated by gamma rays and sown as one panicle-to-one progeny method. Putative lines M5 (143) and parent were screened under water deficit stress. Data analysis showed that leaf senescence (LS) was positively correlated to...
Genetic progress for tuber yield and related traits of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Ethiopia
July 2020
Little work has been done to evaluate the progress made in potato improvement in Ethiopia during the past three decades and information about traits most contributing to progress in yield is scarce. Hence, this experiment was conducted to estimate rate of genetic improvement made over time in yield and to determine traits most contributing to progress in tuber yield. Twenty varieties of potato released in Ethiopia...
Genetic variation among white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) landraces from Northwestern and Southern Ethiopia for agronomic traits and nutrient contents of grain
June 2020
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is rich in quality protein, relatively tolerant to drought, soil salinity and acidity, increase the fertility of soils and can contribute to improved agricultural sustainability, food security and reduce malnutrition which has close associations with climate change. This study was conducted to assess genetic variability of white lupin genotypes for agronomic traits and nutrient contents of...
Selection of drought tolerant genotypes in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using indices
June 2020
A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of drought stress on pod yield and other traits of groundnut genotypes to select the ten best performing genotypes using indices. Ninety six genotypes including 90 F2:3 progenies, 4 parents and 2 checks were planted under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRISAT, Mali. Six selection...
Evaluation of improved pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) varieties for organoleptic dal quality in India
June 2020
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) is an important pulse crop in the Indian diet and one of the most important sources of dietary protein for the population. Organoleptic qualities of pigeon pea dal were tested to draw conclusions on the preferred varieties. Organoleptic qualities such as taste, texture, aroma, tenderness, sweetness and overall acceptance were tested by a trained sensory panel. Available and...
Inheritance pattern of resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp sesame) in sesame
June 2020
Fusarium wilts (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesame) is among of the most destructive soil-borne disease of sesame in Uganda. The disease may cause yield loss of up to 100% if not controlled. Breeding and use of resistant varieties is the most economic and eco-friendly solution to the disease since majority of sesame growers are resource constrained. Some genotypes were reported to be moderately resistant to the disease in...
Harnessing genotype-by-environment interaction to determine adaptability of advanced cowpea lines to multiple environments in Uganda
May 2020
This study was conducted to determine the yield stability of advanced cowpea lines in diverse agro-ecological zones of Uganda in order to facilitate documentation requirements for national performance trials (NPT). Thirty cowpea genotypes were evaluated against six checks in three localities, over three growing seasons, making a total of 9 unique environments. The trials were laid in a 6x6 alpha lattice design with...
Establishment of an early selection method (criteria) for breeding in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
May 2020
Populations with high genetic variability are targeted by breeders as they create opportunity for selection and genetic improvement. To achieve this, multiple populations are created, but resources are often scarce. This calls for identification of populations with the desired traits at early generation. The study was carried out at MUARIK in seasons 2017A and 2017B on 135 F2 and 40 F3 cowpea populations respectively...
Potential of ten wild diploid cotton species for the improvement of fiber fineness of upland cotton through interspecific hybridization
May 2020
Cotton is the highest source of natural fiber in textile industry worldwide. With the modern spinning technologies, the demand for cotton fiber with higher quality has increased, making the genetic improvement of fiber quality one of the main challenges for cotton breeders. In cotton breeding, wild species are important source of several desirable genes for genetic improvement of the main cultivated cotton Gossypium...
Allelic variability of oil palm inter-population progenies based on simple sequence repeats markers
May 2020
The genetic structure and variability was described among 52 oil palm inter-population crosses after two selection cycles using simple sequence repeats markers (SRR). The 10 sets of SSR markers covering 62.5% of the oil palm genome showed a high level of polymorphism (average number of alleles per locus = 6.7; unbiased expected heterozygosity = 0.655; G”st = 0.346) across the oil palm samples. On the basis of...
Evaluating natural infection of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens to dry bean genotypes under field conditions
March 2020
Fungal, bacterial and viral diseases are economic foliar diseases that cause yield losses, between 40 and 100%, in commonly grown dry bean cultivars in the world. Development of disease resistance genotypes is a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. This study focused on determining the natural infection of disease-causing pathogens of angular leaf spot, powdery mildew, bacterial blight and bean...
Variability, Association and Path Coefficient Analysis of Green Pod Yield and Yield Components of Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Landraces at Mereb Lehke, Northern Ethiopia
March 2020
Understanding the genetic variability and diversity of crops is the basis for breeding and improving of crops. Sixty four Ethiopian hot pepper genotypes were evaluated in 8×8 simple lattice design for genetic variability in green fruit yield and yield related traits at Axum Agricultural Research Center during 2018/2019 under irrigation. Data were collected on green pod yield and yield related characters. The...
Genetic variability, heritability and correlation of quantitative traits for Arabusta coffee (C. arabica L. X Tetraploid C. canephora Pierre)
March 2020
The biennial bearing and the long productive nature of coffee makes it difficult to release coffee variety within a short time span. This study aimed at evaluating the yield performance of the Arabusta hybrids and its backcrosses developed by Coffee Research Institute of the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO-CRI) using the morphological traits. Nineteen coffee genotypes were evaluated at...
Agro-morphological characterization of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) landraces grown in Benin: Implications for breeding and conservation
February 2020
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) is a neglected and under-utilized crop consumed in several regions of word. In order to assess performance of pigeonpea landraces grown in Benin for useful breeding programs, 50 accessions were collected from 39 villages. These accessions were characterized by using 12 qualitative and 11 quantitative traits. Based on the seeds morphological characteristics, the 50 accessions were...
Effect of low temperature stress on field performance of highland sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) at flowering stages
February 2020
Sorghum is a C4 grass native in the semi-arid environments of the African sub-Saharan and consequently chilling stress can affect the performance of the crop, especially at the reproductive stages. Moreover, a significant delay of flowering and maturity was observed when sorghum grows under low temperatures regions, and consequently farmers in highland areas of Uganda face yield penalties. Forty genotypes were evaluated...
Fusarium oxysporum Race 1 resistance and quality traits variations in apple banana germplasm
February 2020
Musa species, AAB genome group, commonly known as Sukali Ndizi (SND) in Uganda, has attained a substantial commercial value in the recent past owing to its superior fruit quality attributes and better prices. However, its sustainable production and productivity are highly threatened by Fusarium wilt. To facilitate large scale area expansion of this important dessert banana, the present study was carried out to identify...
Genotype by environment interaction and yield stability analysis of open pollinated maize varieties using AMMI model in Afar Regional State, Ethiopia
February 2020
The present study attempts to analyze the magnitude of GxE interaction and evaluates the adaptability and stability of open pollinated maize genotypes for grain yield, using AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) model. The field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during the off seasons of 2016/17 and 2017/18 at three locations namely, Awra, Dalifage and Dubti. The experiment in each...
Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers closely linked with powdery mildew resistance gene Pm5e in wheat
February 2020
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Powdery mildew (Pm), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is a severe disease in wheat production. Gene Pm5e, from a Chinese wheat cultivar Fuzhuang 30 has proven to be a valuable resistance source for Pm in breeding. To further map this gene and develop Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays for marker-assisted selection (MAS),...
Evidences that polyploidization and hybridization affected resveratrol content in Arachis interspecific hybrids
December 2019
To broaden the genetic base of the allotetraploid peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), pre-breeding programs have produced interspecific synthetic allotetraploids resulting from the chromosome duplication of hybrids between peanut related diploid species. These allotetraploids were highly cross-fertile with peanut making it possible to access the extensive genetic variability harbored by the wild species. This study aims to...
Evaluation of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties for green pod yield and yield components in Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
December 2019
A field experiment was conducted at Humera Agricultural Research Center experimental site for two consecutive years (2011/2012 and 2012/2013 cropping season) under irrigation condition to evaluate performance of hot pepper varieties for green pod yield and yield components in western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. A total of six hot pepper varieties were used as test genotypes. Least Significant Difference (LSD) and Pearson...
Efficacy of insecticides and crop critical stage for the management of chickpea pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia
November 2019
Chickpea pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) is a major insect pest constraining chickpea production in Tigray, northern Ethiopia, as there is no recommended management option in the area. Therefore the present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of insecticides and to determine the critical growth stage of the crop for effective spray at Axum Agricultural Research Center. Results indicated that in laboratory profit...
Heritability studies of drought tolerance in groundnuts using the North Carolina design II fashion and variance component method
November 2019
Drought is the most important abiotic limitation to groundnut yields across the world, and the Northern Regions of Ghana. The study estimated the heritability and genetic variability of selected parents of groundnut for drought tolerance traits to aid in their effective selection and utilization. The North Carolina II mating design was adopted while the variance component method was used to estimate heritabilities in...
Evaluation of coffee berry disease resistance (Colletotrichum kahawae) in F2 populations derived from Arabica coffee varieties Rume Sudan and SL 28
November 2019
Coffee supports livelihoods of approximately 125 million families worldwide and over 700,000 households in Kenya. The epidemics of Coffee berry disease (CBD), caused by Colletotrichum kahawae, destroy up to 80% of the developing berries on susceptible varieties. The control of the disease using chemicals accounts for 30 to 40% of the production cost and contributes to environment pollution, hence the use of resistant...
Genetic dissimilarity and growth of coffee in Cerrado
November 2019
Genetic dissimilarity can be used to identify promising genotypes for cultivation in specific conditions. Thus, the objective of this work is to study the genetic dissimilarity among 35 genotypes of Coffea arabica in the Cerrado, under irrigation, using phenological data and multivariate statistics. Plant height, stem diameter, canopy diameter, number of orthotropic branch nodes, length of orthotropic branch internodes,...
Estimates of genetic parameters and genotype by environment interactions for sugar yield and its components in sugarcane genotypes in Western Kenya
November 2019
This study was conducted to estimate broad sense heritability, genetic advance, GE interactions and correlations among quality traits in sugarcane clones in western Kenya. Thirteen sugarcane promising clones and one check cultivar were evaluated plant and ratoon crops in three locations under rain fed conditions using the randomised complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed...
Germplasm collection and morphological characterization of local accessions of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) in Ghana for conservation and utilization
September 2019
Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) is a nutritious crop of the sedge family. In Ghana available local accessions have not been collected and characterized for conservation and utilization purposes. The objective of this study was to collect, conserve and characterize twenty-four local accessions of tigernut in Ghana based on agro-morphological traits. The ANOVA revealed significant (p<0.05) differences among the...
Resistance of cowpea to Cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus Fab.): Knowledge level on the genetic advances
September 2019
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important food legume. This crop considered as source of dietary protein is also used as a leafy vegetable in many African countries. Its usage as food and animal fodder is focused on food security and diminishing malnutrition particularly in marginal areas. Bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) is the most damaging, cosmopolitan pest of stored cowpea grains especially in the...
Identification of rice genotypes tolerant to submergence at seedling stage in Uganda
August 2019
Floods have destroyed over 2000 acres of rice in Uganda which affected yield and caused losses to farmers. This problem is more pronounced when fields are not well leveled, and the mode of irrigation is by surface flooding. Majority of lowland rice fields in East African region are of this nature and are thus prone to yield losses. There are no submergence tolerance varieties identified in Uganda, so far. To address...
Diallel analysis of scald and net blotch resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
July 2019
Scald and net blotch are major foliar diseases of barley causing high yield losses worldwide including Ethiopia. Development of varieties with double resistance is an effective approach of managing both diseases. However, the genetic background of the barley parents was not studied for future resistance breeding. Thus, the objective of the study was to assess genotype performances against scald and net blotch,...
Evaluation of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation for agronomic and yield components in common bean landraces from South western Kenya
May 2019
The present study was conducted to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and association among selected agronomic traits of common bean landraces from South western Kenya. The field experiment was conducted using 52 common bean landraces at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Kisii Research Center during 2015 and 2016 main cropping seasons. The experimental...
Genetic relationships among regenerated tall coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) accessions from multivariate analyses using reliable short list of morphological descriptors in Côte d’Ivoire.
May 2019
Genetic relationships among 18 regenerated tall coconut accessions from International Coconut Genebank for Africa and Indian Ocean (ICG-AIO) located at Côte d’Ivoire were studied. Analyses were achieved from 17 quantitative characters of the reliable minimal list of agro-morphological descriptors for coconut proposed by Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT) in 2007. From achieved Multivariate Analyses...
Field performance of shrunken-2 super-sweet corn populations derived from tropical field maize × shrunken-2 super-sweet corn crosses in Ibadan, Nigeria
May 2019
The conversion of tropical field corn genotypes into sweet corn could broaden the genetic base and improve yield and adaptation of sweet corn varieties. In this study, the performance of shrunken-2 (sh2) super-sweet corn populations derived from crosses between a sh2 population and tropical field corn genotypes were evaluated in Ibadan. Experiments were conducted using randomised complete block design with three...
Genetic diversity analyses of rice germplasm using morphological traits
April 2019
The study of genetic diversity of any germplasm helps to facilitate its use and management. This experiment was carried out to determine the genetic diversity among 87 rice accessions from six countries. Seventeen quantitative traits were recorded based on the internationally accepted standard evaluation system for rice from IRRI. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation amongst...
Integrated evaluation of potato varieties in the highlands of Girar Jarso Woreda, North Shewa, Ethiopia
April 2019
In Ethiopia, farmers are cultivating potato under a wide range of environmental conditions. Despite its genetic potential, the productivity of potato is relatively low. Among the long list of production constraints, the absence of high yielding and disease resistant varieties in different corners of the country are the prominent ones. Its suitable edaphic and climatic conditions make the highlands of Girar Jarso Woreda...
Microsatellites revealed genetic diversity and population structure in Colombian avocado (Persea americana Mill.) germplasm collection and its natural populations
April 2019
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is one of the most consumed fruits around the world. The species is differentiated into three botanical races: Mexican, Guatemalan and West Indian. A genetic characterization of a Colombian avocado germplasm collection (N = 105) preserved since 2006 and 92 avocado “criollo” trees sampled in Antioquia was made with 12 microsatellites. Colombian avocado exhibits higher genetic...
Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in shrunken-2 super-sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) populations
April 2019
Inbred line development requires information on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and transmissibility of desired trait in source populations. In this study, the level of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of thirteen agronomic and fresh yield traits among twelve shrunken-2 super-sweet corn populations were evaluated. Field experiments were conducted for two years in Ibadan, Nigeria...
Generation and evaluation of heterogeneous genotypes of tomato for small-scale farmers
March 2019
Tomato is broadly distributed in tropical and subtropical America, where small farmers cultivate commercial and landraces or heirloom genotypes, which exchange genes within them when are planted in the same plot. In this context, three different genetic groups of tomato were evaluated for agromorphological and yield traits under greenhouse to assess the differences in function of the genotypic homogeneity and...
Determination of optimum plant density of broadcasting, row planting and transplanting on yield and yield components of Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] in Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia
March 2019
The low national tef productivity is mainly attributed by lack of improved agronomic practices. The row planting and transplanting is one of the promising planting techniques proved to boost the yield of tef. The objective was to determine the optimum seed rate, row, broadcasting and plant population in intra and inter row spacing of transplanted tef. A field experiment was carried out at Laelay...
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Ethiopian Elite Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties Based on Agronomic Characters
March 2019
This research aim to assess morphological diversity of the elite chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties in Ethiopia. Nineteen elite varieties of chickpea in Ethiopia were used to analyze the means and components of variability (genetic, phenotypic and environmental), and interrelationships (genetic and phenotypic) for yield and various other yield components. Such nineteen varieties were planted by the technique of...
Advances in carotenoid increments in storage parts of African staple crops
March 2019
The importance of vitamin A and other carotenoids in controlling micronutrient based deficiencies in particular VAD has been emphasized in recent years. This has resulted into demands for availing these nutrients in forms that are easily accessible for most of the populations in micronutrient deficient areas. Specifically in Africa, various programs have been instituted to bio-fortify crops with nutrients with more...
Phenotype characterization and diversity assessment of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars in Ethiopia
February 2019
Little efforts have been made on mango genetic resource assessment in Ethiopia though it is one of the major fruit crops. This study was conducted to assess the diversity of 69 mango cultivars of different growing regions of the country based on 44 phenotypic descriptors. The results of both univariate and multivariate analysis of variance computed for quantitative data, and results from descriptive statistics for...
Genetic variability studies on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes
February 2019
Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested to assess the genetic variability, among studied genotypes using alpha-lattice design at Tongo sub-center of Assosa Agricultural Research Center and Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in 2015. Analysis of variance revealed that there were statistically significant differences among the genotypes for most of the traits at individual and across locations. From the combined...
Resistance Mechanisms of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species)
February 2019
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) are the most devastating and as such they cause significant yield loss in tomato production. They are widely distributed in major tomato producing areas especially in warm climatic conditions. Because of the environmental impact of the application of pesticides, the use of nematode resistant varieties is becoming the most effective alternative to control root-knot nematodes....
Anther-derived callus induction based on culture medium, myo-inositol, AgNO3 and Fe-EDTA in ‘Seolhyang’ strawberries
January 2019
Haploid breeding is an effective method of shortening the breeding period of plants. In this study, to develop a haploid breeding technique, optimum conditions of the culture medium were investigated for anther-derived callus induction in the strawberry cultivar Seolhyang. The effects of the culture medium type, myo-inositol, auxin and cytokinin combination treatment, silver nitrate (AgNO3), and ferric...
Development and screening of cowpea recombinant inbred lines for seedling drought tolerance
January 2019
The use of multiple traits for drought study affirms the complexity of drought tolerance in cowpea. Despite the availability of several traits for drought tolerance evaluation, the rapid screening technique used by many scientists for seedling drought in wooden boxes is the simplest method for screening large populations. The objective of this study was to select drought tolerant cowpea recombinant lines developed from...
Evaluation of the parental and hybrid lines- Heterosis and other genetic parameters among Capsicum annuum genotypes and their hybrids
January 2019
In most parts of the world pepper has become a popular spice that makes food hot in addition to its much needed nutrients of carotenoids and vitamins. This report has its objective to evaluate the parents and hybrid of three Nigerian pepper genotypes (Shombo, Tatase and Nsukka yellow pepper) for growth and yield; and to estimate their genetic parameters. Conventional breeding by hand pollination was adopted. The mean...
Genetic action and potence ratio of maize in an 8×8 diallel cross growing under saline condition
January 2019
Twenty-eight hybrids of Zea mays L. produced in 2015-16 from 8×8 half diallel mating design were evaluated along with their parents in 2016-2017 under saline condition to find out genetic action and potency ratio of some agronomic and yield contributing traits. Genetic action and potency ratio were analyzed following Hayman’s diallel analyses and Smith’s formula, respectively. Genetic parameter like...
GGE biplot phenotypic stability analysis of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] genotypes
December 2018
The study on genotypes by environment interaction (GEI) and stability analysis was conducted to determine the G, E, and GEI variance magnitudes. The experiment was carried out at three locations in two consecutive years on 26 soybean genotypes using randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with three replications. The objectives were to (i) estimate the magnitudes of G, E, and GEI effects, (ii) stability analysis...
Influence of environment on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] resistance to groundnut leaf miner, Aproaerema modicella (Deventer) in Uganda
December 2018
Groundnut leaf miner (GLM) [Aproaerema modicella (Deventer)] is a serious problem for soybean cultivation in Uganda causing yield losses of up to 100%. The use of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars resistant to GLM attack is an important strategy in the integrated pest management program. The aim of this study was to determine the environment × genotype interaction influence on the soybean resistance...
Curauá genetic diversity in germplasm banks and natural populations
December 2018
Ananas comosus var. erectifolius (L. B. Sm.) Coppens & F. Leal, populary known as curauá, is a bromeliaceae, found in the Amazonian flora. It is of great commercial interest, mostly for the automobile industry. Despite the curauá’s potential, little has been done to conserve its germplasm. For this, it’s necessary to know its genetic variability. An efficient way of knowing it is to use...
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