Sero-prevalence of camel brucellosis in three abbatoirs of Nothern Nigeria
March 2016
A sero prevalence study of camel brucellosis was carried out in three abattoirs of Northern Nigeria during the period of October to December, 2013. A total of three hundred and eleven (311) serum samples were collected from Kano, Sokoto and Maiduguri municipal abattoirs. The serum samples were screened using the Rose Bengal plate test with positive samples further tested with the lateral flow immmnoaassay. Out of 180...
Tick burden and acquisition of immunity to Theileria parva by Tarime cattle in comparison to Sukuma cattle under different tick control regimes in the Lake Zone of Tanzania
March 2016
This study was conducted to determine tick burden and immunological parameters of resistance to East Coast fever (ECF) in Tarime and Sukuma cattle. Tick load, packed cell volume (PCV), Theileria parva (T. parva) specific antibody percent positivity (PP), and prevalence of T. parva parasites were studied in relation to dipping regime, strains, and season. A total of 50 experimental cattle were included in this...
Detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle presented for slaughter at Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, Nigeria
February 2016
A seroprevalence study was carried out on serum samples obtained from blood of cattle slaughtered at Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, Sokoto, Nigeria. Systematic random sampling was used to select the animals. Serum samples of 372 cattle of different sexes and breeds were analyzed using ID Screen® BVD p80 Antibody Competition ELISA Test kit for the presence of bovine viral diarrhea antibodies. Two hundred and forty...
Isolation, identification and drug resistance patterns of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from mastitic cow’s milk from selected dairy farms in and around Kombolcha, Ethiopia
January 2016
A cross sectional study was conducted between January and May 2015 in and around Kombolcha town, Eastern Amhara, to identify methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their resistance to antimicrobials and also to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of dairy cow mastitis. A total of 150 dairy cows were included during the study period. A total of 600 quarters were examined to detect clinical and...
Effects of varying doses of tramadol on ketamine anaesthesia for laparocaecectomy in layer chickens
December 2015
The effects of a high ketamine dose (15 mg/kg) and a low ketamine dose (10 mg/kg) combined with two separate doses of tramadol (10 and 5 mg/kg) were studied in chickens. Seventeen layer chickens (Isa brown breed) presented for laparo-cecectomy associated with feed trials were randomized into Ketamine-Lignocaine (KL) group (15 mg/kg ketamine)- 5 chickens, Tramadol-Ketamine-Lignocaine (TKL) group (10 mg ketamine plus 5...
Assessment of fecal parasitism for decision making in continued deworming of slum stray dogs in Nairobi areas of Kenya
November 2015
The objective of this study was to establish the density of infestation of slum dogs with gastrointestinal helminths in locations where vaccination and deworming campaigns had been carried out for a period of 3 years. A total of 150 dogs were randomly sampled from a total of 300 animals that were attended to in a rabies control campaign in Nairobi slum areas between the months of July and September, 2011. Eggs per gram...
Prevalence and associated risk factors for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy cattle in Mexico
October 2015
The purpose of this study is to determine the seroprevalence and the associated risk factors to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. A total of 4,487 serum samples were collected from cattle in 173 farms from different parts of Mexico. Information about potential risk factors and spatial location of the farms was obtained through a questionnaire to farm´ owners and by global positioning system (GPS)...
A Bayesian approach for inductive reasoning to clinical veterinary medicine: The math of experience
October 2015
A Bayesian approach (BA) is well-used in veterinary medicine as it has been used for inductive reasoning regarding interventions, treatments and diagnoses. The objectives of the current article were (1) to examine the state of BA used for inductive reasoning in veterinary medical problems and (2) to illustrate how veterinarians update states of knowledge (prior clinical experience) to a new state of knowledge (posterior...
Bayesian estimation to test accuracy for influenza A infection via respiratory clinical signs in the absence of a gold standard
October 2015
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in pigs is a concern to producers, veterinarians and the general public. This study presents models to estimate the sensitivities (Se) and specificities (Sp) of respiratory clinical signs (RCS), and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) resulted from oral fluid (OF) and nasal swab (NS) samples in the absence of a gold standard. In addition, the models...
Awareness, knowledge and practices of pastoralists towards contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia in Kaduna State, Nigeria
September 2015
This study was conducted to determine the awareness, knowledge and practices of pastoralists on contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in cattle in 3 selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) (Ikara, Chikun and Kauru) of Kaduna State. A cattle population of a minimum of 20 heads was considered as a herd in this study and a total of 90 open and close ended structured questionnaires were designed and administered to all...
The effects of different growth promoters on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens
August 2015
This research was conducted to study the efficacy of different growth promoter’s on the productive performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. 840 male ROSS and 308 hybrid chickens were used according to completely randomize the design in six treatments and one control (Five growth promoters and control). Thus, there were six groups of chickens: group 1; control diet (without any promoter’s), group 2;...
Recovery times for dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy with fenestration and physical rehabilitation: A review of 113 cases
August 2015
This study aimed to determine if physical rehabilitation, in the form of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, hospital/home exercises, and/or underwater treadmill therapy, improved recovery times for dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy and fenestration for Type I intervertebral disc disease. The initial recovery time was established as time from surgery to 3 unassisted steps to fall. A modified Frankel score...
Resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporin of Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of healthy broilers chickens in Algeria
August 2015
High resistance of Escherichia coli have been demonstrated to 3rd generation cephalosporin in livestock, especially in broiler chickens; however, data on emission sources of these bacteria into Algeria are still rare. From January to March 2014, a preliminary epidemiological study of E. coli contamination in healthy broiler chicken flocks was carried out in the regions of Tlemcen, Algeria. 21 E. coli resistant isolates...
A survey of ticks and East Coast fever among cattle in Fangak County, Jonglei State, South Sudan
July 2015
This study was carried out in Fangak County, Jonglei State, South Sudan, with aim to identify the main ticks species and follow north limit of the theileriosis in Jonglei. Three localities namely; Hai, Toggar and Bichoul kun village in Phoum payam were selected as suspected area for East Coast fever (ECF), Group A) and Kuer kan in Manjang payams were selected as non suspected area for ECF (Group B). These groups A and...
Serological evidence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antibodies in pigs from northeastern Nigeria
July 2015
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Nigeria with studies conducted in cattle, sheep and goats. A cross-sectional study for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antibodies in field sera collected for African swine fever (ASF) surveillance was conducted in order to determine the status of FMDV in swine within the study area. Four hundred and fifty field sera collected as part of National ASF Surveillance Programme...
Serological evidence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Nigeria
July 2015
Foot-and-mouth-disease (FMD) is one of the most important trans-boundary animal diseases in Africa with outbreaks occurring mostly in cattle. However, there is scarcity of information on the potential role of camels in the epidemiology of FMD virus in West Africa. A total of 360 camel sera collected from abattoir in Nigeria from different geo-political zones (North, West and East) were screened for the presence of...
Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered at Gombe township abattoir, Gombe State, Nigeria
July 2015
A study to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered in the Gombe township abattoir was conducted from March to July, 2009. Three hundred and twenty (320) cattle comprising of four breeds, slaughtered at the abattoir were examined post mortemly for bovine tuberculosis. The four breeds and number of each examined were White Fulani (155), Red Bororo (92), Sokoto Gudali (53) and Muturu (20)....
Causes of organ condemnation, its public health and financial significance in Nekemte municipal abattoir, Wollega, Western Ethiopia
June 2015
A cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2013 to April, 2014 on cause of organ condemnation, its public health and financial significance in Nekemte municipal abattoir in East Wollega zone, Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. The overall objective was to determine the cause of organ condemnation, its public health and financial significance due to fasciolosis, hydatidosis, Cysticercus bovis and other causes....
Trypanosomes and helminths infections in Mayo Rey Division of Cameroon and impact of concurrent infections on cattle
June 2015
A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodes and trypanosome infections and their impact on two indicators of cattle health in the Sudano Sahelian Region of Cameroon in June, 2013. A total of 223 cattle were randomly selected from 24 herds and examined for blood parasite infections (parasitaemia) and for gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg counts. The prevalence of helminth...
Prevalence of endoparasitic helminths of donkeys in and around Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia
June 2015
A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of endoparasites of donkeys in and around Haramaya district, East Hararghe zone of Oromia regional state. Coprological examination was carried out on fecal samples collected from 384 donkeys. Simple flotation, sedimentation and fecal culture techniques were used for the detection of eggs and larvae of helminth parasites. The overall prevalence of...
Susceptibility pattern of aerobic bacteria isolated from septicemic cattle in Adama, Ethiopia
June 2015
From November, 2011 to March, 2012 a total of 586 cattle were examined for febrile conditions. From these animals, 62 (10.6) animals were found to be febrile. So the study was conducted on these animals with the objective of identifying and carrying out antibacterial susceptibility testing on the isolates. From the total of 62 blood cultures processed, only 37 cultures gave bacteria while the remaining 25 cultures were...
Caprine Coccidiosis: An outbreak in the Green Mountain in Libya
June 2015
This study involved a herd consisting of 200 goats in Green Mountain area, suffering from decrease in weight gain, bloody diarrhoea and severe anaemia and in some cases death within few days. Generally, there was no response to the treatment with antibiotics, anthelmentics and multivitamins. The last animal that died was submitted for post-mortem examination. The disease affecting the herd was diagnosed as coccidiosis....
Parasitological and serological study of camel trypanosomosis (surra) and associated risk factors in Gabi Rasu Zone, Afar, Ethiopia
June 2015
Camel trypanosomosis (surra), caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is the most important single cause of morbidity and mortality in camels. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June, 2012 to investigate the parasitological and serological prevalence and associated risk factors of camel trypanosomosis in two camel rearing districts of Gabi Rasu zone, Afar region, Ethiopia. A total of 408 randomly...
Prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in and around Inchini town, West Showa Zone, Ada’a Bega Woreda, Centeral Ethiopia
June 2015
The study was conducted from November, 2008 to March, 2009 in six kebeles of Ada’a Berga Woreda, West Showa Zone, in and around Inchini town and indicated that bovine fasciolosis is widely spread with high prevalence, inducing economic loss to livestock production in the region. From a total of 573 cattle coprologically examined during the study period, 291 animals were found positive for liver fluke infection...
The potential application of avian egg antibodies with emphasis on immunotherapeutic and immunodiagnostic purpose
May 2015
Avian eggs present an ideal alternative antibody source to mammals as the immunoglobulin (IgY) in the chicken’s blood is transported to the egg and accumulates in the egg yolk in large quantities. The existence of an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-like molecule in avian eggs, referred to as IgY, has been well documented, and extensive research has been carried out on its characterization, production and...
Correlation between age, weight, scrotal circumference and the testicular and epididymal parameters of Red Sokoto bucks
May 2015
The effect of age, weight and scrotal circumference on the testicular and epididymal parameters was studied in the Red Sokoto bucks. Thirty-six testes from Red Sokoto bucks were used for this study. The animal’s age, weight, and scrotal circumference were determined and correlated with testicular weight, testicular diameter, testicular length, epididymal length, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm motility and...
Abattoir characteristics and seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in cattle slaughtered at Bodija Municipal Abattoir, Ibadan, Nigeria
May 2015
Brucella abortus infection in humans in Nigeria has been recorded as a cause of febrile disease. In Nigeria, the transhumance (Fulani nomadic) husbandry system is the most common cattle farming system with about 95% of all the country’s cattle population produced under this husbandry system. About 75% of all slaughtered cattle are processed in government-approved abattoirs. In view of the aforementioned, this...
Haemato-biochemical parameters as prognostic indicators in elephant colic
May 2015
Haemato-biochemical parameters were found to be useful prognostic indicators in assessing the severity of colic. Significant increase in packed cell volume (PCV), leucocytosis, neutrophilia and lymphocytosis was observed in case of severe colicky elephants. Significant increase in the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels was observed in moderate and severe colic cases. In severely colicky elephants, the...
A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method
May 2015
Calf diarrheic diseases result from complex interactions of the environment. Infectious agents and the calf itself are the major constraints for raising replacement stock. Calf diarrhea is a multi factorial disease entity that can have serious financial and animal welfare implications in both dairy and beef sucker herds and is one of the most common diseases reported in calves up to 3 months old. Among the bacterial...
Prevalence of small ruminant trypanosomosis in Assosa and Homosha districts, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, North West of Ethiopia
May 2015
A cross sectional study was conducted at Assosa zone of Benishangul Gumuz, North West Ethiopia, to determine the prevalence of trypanosomosis in local breeds of sheep and goats. Blood sample from 384 randomly selected sheep and goats (177 from Assosa and 207 from Homosha districts) of different species, sex, age groups were examined by dark phase contrast buffy coat and thin smear examination for species identification...
Determinants of small ruminant farmers’ decision to participate in veterinary services in Northern Ghana
May 2015
This study analysed the determinants of small ruminant farmers’ participation in veterinary services in Northern Ghana. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data on 249 farm households in different locations in Northern Ghana. Analytical tools including frequencies, means and logistic regression model were used to analyse the data. The regression analysis indicates a positive relationship between...
Seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis and its effect on reproduction at Tellalak District of Afar region, Ethiopia
April 2015
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tellalak district of Afar region to determine the sero-prevalence of small ruminant brucellosis and its association with major reproductive health problems. Serum samples (272 from goats and 142 from sheep) were collected from three randomly selected peasant associations along with a questionnaire survey. Animals above six months of age with no history of previous vaccination for...
Prevalence of strongyle infection and associated risk factors in equine in Menz Keya Gerbil District, North-Eastern Ethiopia
April 2015
A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of equine strongyles in Meneze Keya Geberial district from July 2013 to September 2013. Coprological examination using floatation technique and assessing risk factors were followed. A total of 390 equines, 204 donkeys, 174 horses, and 12 mules were included in the study. The overall prevalence was found to be 64.61% and the species specific prevalence was...
Comparison of range of motion in Labrador Retrievers and Border Collies
April 2015
The objective of this paper was to compare the range of motion in Border Collies to that of Labrador Retrievers. Humeral circumference, thigh circumference and differences between sex and age were also compared. Twenty three (23) healthy Border Collies and 18 healthy Labrador Retrievers were used. A single investigator measured range of motion of the carpus, elbow, shoulder, hip, stifle and tarsus as well as humeral and...
Incidence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors among export-oriented cattle feedlots at Adama District, Central Ethiopia
April 2015
A study on incidence of lumpy skin disease (LSD) was conducted at 20 exports-oriented cattle feedlots found in Adama district in Central Ethiopia between June and December, 2011. The 11,189 bulls in the 20 exports-oriented feedlots were clinically examined and evaluated for LSD, its incidence, mortality and morbidity. The overall incidence and mortality rate of LSD in cattle feedlots was 6.1 and 1.8% respectively....
The prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites of carnivores in university zoological gardens in South West Nigeria
April 2015
A survey of prevalence and intensity of gastro-intestinal parasites of carnivores in three university zoological gardens in South-West Nigeria was conducted. Faecal samples collected were analysed with flotation technique using a saturated solution of zinc sulfate as the floating solution, McMaster Egg Counting Technique and Petri Dish-Filter Paper Slant technique for larval recovery. Faecal examination revealed an...
Epidemiological study on ectoparasite infestation of small ruminants in Sodo Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia
April 2015
A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate magnitude of small ruminant ectoparasite infestation in Sodo Zuria district from November, 2013 to March, 2014. Out of the total 758 small ruminants, 51.5% sheep and 48.9 % goats were found infected with ectoprasite infestation (p=0.471). Standard identification of 383 ectoprasite specimens demonstrated ticks (34.6%), lice (7.1%), fleas (6.1%) and mange mites (2.8%)....
Growth performance and immunological response to Newcastle disease vaccinations of broiler chickens fed lysine supplemented diets
March 2015
The effect of supplementing varying concentration levels of dietary lysine on growth performance and immune response to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccinations of broiler chickens was assessed. A total number of 180 day-old broiler chicks of mixed sex were used for the experiment. The birds were divided into 4 treatments (Treatment A, B, C and D), in which each treatment was replicated 3 times with 15 birds per replicate....
Some of biosecurity measurements in different dairy farms in Khartoum State, Sudan
March 2015
Ninety dairy farms were surveyed in Khartoum State to investigate their veterinary supervision, management, husbandry, biosecurity and hygienic practices. The information was collected by using questionnaire, visits and direct interviews with farm owners. Supervision of the dairy farms revealed highly significant (P < 0.001) variations and mostly done by the owners and herd keepers (60.8%). Cows alone as the main...
Baseline vital, haematological and serum biochemical parameters of donkeys
March 2015
The aim of this study was to determine the baseline values of vital, haematological and serum biochemical parameters in apparently healthy experimental donkeys in North-Western Nigeria, with a view to providing additional data on normal values for donkeys. Twenty four apparently healthy donkeys comprising of 12 males and 12 females, aged 11 to 15 months were used. The animals were housed in prepared experimental pen and...
Elastography: Principles and considerations for clinical research in veterinary medicine cibele
March 2015
Since the beginning of medicine, palpation has been the primary semiologic method used to detect abnormalities during clinical examination. The mechanical properties of soft tissues are usually related to changes in stiffness. However, changes in stiffness and echogenicity of soft tissues are not always correlated. Elastography has emerged in the last decade as a new method that, when used in association with...
Risk factors and level of awareness of canine brucellosis in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria
February 2015
Jos has a large population of dogs because of its cultural acceptance as meat, good weather condition for exotic breeds, persistent security challenges and dog breeding activities which is very lucrative. This study was undertaken to determine the risk factors and level of awareness of canine brucellosis among dog owners in Jos by means of a structured questionnaire. Three hundred and fifty respondents were interviewed...
Diagnostic approaches for tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases in livestock
February 2015
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are a major economic constraint to livestock production affecting the productivity of livestock worldwide. Identification of these haemoprotozan and rickettsial infections is essential in understanding the epidemiology and it is important to distinguish between species and subspecies involved. Conventional techniques including serological and microscopic examinations do not always meet these...
Internal and external parasites of camels (Camelusdromedarius) slaughtered at Addis Ababa Abattoir, Ethiopia
February 2015
A cross-sectional study was undertakento estimate the prevalence of internal and external parasites of camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir, Ethiopia. A total of 384 of camels originating from Borena and Metehara areas were examined during the study period and all (100%) of them were found to harbor at least two parasite species. In this study,the prevalence of tick, gastrointestinal parasites,...
Major gastrointestinal helminth parasites of grazing small ruminants in and around Ambo town of Central Oromia, Ethiopia
February 2015
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of small ruminant helminthosis and associated risk factors in and around Ambo town of central Oromia, Ethiopia between February and May, 2013. A total of 120 small ruminants were examined using standard parasitological procedures. The study showed that 49.2% of the study animals were found to harbor eggs of one or more gastrointestinal helminth parasites....
Ultrasonographic assessment of uterine involution and ovarian activity in West Africa Sahelian goats
February 2015
This study aimed to characterize uterine involution and early ovarian postpartum activity in Sahelian goats. A total of 21 goats were allowed to nurse their kids and were examined every other day for complete uterine involution or daily for follicular development using a 5 MHz transrectal linear transducer. The obtained results indicated three phases of uterine regression, a fast involution phase (rates of 0.71 cm/day),...
Epidemiological study on poultry coccidiosis: Prevalence, species identification and post mortem lesions in grower chicken in Kombolcha, North-Eastern Ethiopia
January 2015
A cross sectional study was conducted in Kombolcha Poultry Farm Enterprise to determine the prevalence, assessment of the risk factors and to identify the pathological abnormalities due to different species of Eimeria in 582 chickens of age 21 to 100 days, kept under deep litter management system from December, 2013 to March, 2014. The study involved fecal examination, post mortem examination, gross lesion examination,...
Determination of the presence and concentration of heavy metal in cattle hides singed in Nsukka abattoir
January 2015
Due to the health related problems associated with eating red meat, cattle hides also known as ponmo or kanda, have become a substitute for red meat in Nigeria which in turn have resulted in the increase demand for this product. To meet this demand, abattoir workers do not take time in processing these hides appropriately as different substances are used to fuel the wood to hasten the process of singeing....
Bovine hydatidosis: Prevalence, public health and its economic significance in and around Harar, Ethiopia
January 2015
Both cross-sectional and retrospective studies were conducted from October, 2011 to June, 2012 in and around Harar to determine prevalence, public health and economic significance of bovine hydatidosis. Out of 384 cattle examined with thorough carcass inspection at Harar city municipal abattoir, 36 (9.4%) were found to be infected with hydatid cyst. Significant differences were found among adult and young, poor, medium...
Traumatic urinary bladder injuries in small animals
January 2015
Traumatic urinary bladder injuries in the recent times are considered to be of great importance in veterinary medicine, as they can lead to significant morbidity and subsequent mortality when diagnosed late or left untreated. However, the true incidence rates, absolute treatment recommendations and prognoses of lower urinary tract traumas are not available in literatures as the majority of specific information regarding...
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