Evaluation of effectiveness of estrus synchronization on dairy cattle in Southern Ethiopia
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Synchronization record logs on 1,363 cows and heifers from year 2014- 2018 were used to evaluate the effectiveness of estrus synchronization on dairy cattle. Selected cows and heifers were administrated with single dose prostaglandin (PGF2ɑ) (synchrumate vials of 20ml, Bremer Pharma GmbH, Germany). All synchronized cows/heifers that showed estrus were inseminated using frozen semen of Holstein Frisian, Jersey and Boran...
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The study was conducted from December 2019 to May 2020 to evaluate the efficiency of local convectional semen and imported sexed semen on in vivo produced bovine embryo quality in Boran and HB cross breed donor cows in Bishoftu, Ethiopia.In this study it was hypothesized that the breed of donor cows and types of semen can influence the quality of in vivo produced embryo as well as number of transferable embryos. Randomized...
Effect of Dietary Hemp Seed Cake on the Performance of Commercial Laying Hens
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The cultivation of hemp was prohibited due to its high content of the psychoactive substance Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Regulatory changes from several countries allow the cultivation of hemp that permits plants and plant parts with less than 0.3% Δ-9 THC. The concern of the levels of THC still remain; therefore, testing hemp seed cake (HSC) contribute new information about the effect of this ingredient on...
Effect of Crossing Koekoek and Sasso Chicken on Egg Quality Traits
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of crossing Koekoek (KK) and Sasso (SS) chicken on egg quality traits. To fulfill this aim, a total of 720 eggs have been collected to test egg quality. Data have been collected for the variables such as:- egg, albumen, yolk and shell weight, shell thickness, shape index, yolk color, albumen and yolk height, yolk diameter, yolk index, egg strength, specific gravity and Haugh...
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The objective of this study was to assess the performance and welfare (lameness, hock lesions, mastitis) of loose-housed dairy cattle managed under grazing or semi-grazing system. Data of thirty-two cows before and after changing to semi-grazing system during the rainy season (wk 1 to 4; grazing, wk 6 to 9; semi-grazing) and before and after changing to semi-grazing (wk 11 to 16; grazing, wk 18 to 23, semi-grazing) during...
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Breeding practices and trait preferences are key to defining sound breeding objectives and designing genetic improvement programs at community level. The current study identifies these factors for village goats within a pilot community-based breeding program in Pella village, North West province, South Africa. Thirty-five farmers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire survey to characterize goat farmers...
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In this study, effects of breed, age, season and period of production on bovine semen quality were assessed. A total of 16,827 ejaculates from 187 bulls (Holstein Frisian = 114, Jersey = 35, Borena = 12, 50%HF * 50%Borena = 5, 75%HF * 25%Borena = 15 and Fogera = 6) were collected and examined at the National Animal Genetic Improvement Institute (NAGII). All these factors (breed, age, season and period of production) had...
Breed Influences Motility and Motion Characteristics of Fresh, Chilled and Frozen Bull Spermatozoa
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In this study, motility and motion characteristics of spermatozoa were assessed by using integrated semen analysis system (ISAS) to diagnose breed differences in quality of semen. Ejaculates were collected from 14 breeding bulls (Boran = 4, Crosses of 75 % Holstein Frisian ˟ 25 % Boran = 4 and Holstein Frisian = 6). After initial subjective assessment, the ejaculates were evaluated at fresh, chilled and frozen stages for...
In vitro antibacterial activity of Allium sativum (garlic) extract against Salmonella typhimurium
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The inappropriate and irrational use of antibiotics in poultry industry has led to the emergence of resistant microbial populations such as Salmonella typhimurium, which is responsible for 26% of cases of enterocolitis in humans. In the fight against this bacterium, Allium sativum (garlic) would be an effective alternative. This is because several studies claim the effectiveness of garlic in the prevention and treatment of...
Phenotypic Characterization of Indigenous Chicken Ecotypes in Awi Zone, Ethiopia
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The study was conducted in three districts of Awi zone in Amhara region, with the aim to characterize andidentify the phenotypic variation of indigenous chickenecotypes. A total of 720 indigenous chicken ecotypes were females (504) and males (216) from the whole districts) to describe qualitative and quantitative traits. Local chicken were mostly normal feathered and large phenotypic variability among ecotypes was observed...
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The study was conducted to generate comprehensive information on production systems, husbandry and marketing practices of indigenous sheep breed in Meket and Gidan district of North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. The study was performed based on household survey. For household survey, 240 households (120 from each district) were involved. Qualitative data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Mixed...
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On farm evaluation and demonstration of Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana) and Stylo (Stylosanthus guanensis) was carried out on 20 farmers’ fields in Yeki and Sheko districts of Sheka and Bench-Maji zones during 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The objective of the study was to evaluate and demonstrate rhodes grass and stylo on farm level and to assess farmers’ perception about the improved forage species. The forages were...
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The early-life fast growing rate of modern strains of domestic animals comes with a number of problems which may include incidence of metabolic disorders, blood related diseases, skeletal diseases, mortality and morbidity. To this effect, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of graded levels of sundried cassava starch extract pulp (SCSEP) on blood indices (haematology, serum, white blood cell differential...
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The effects of using Moringa leaf powder (MLP) as feed additive on the differential cholesterol profile of broiler chickens at finisher phase was investigated in view of the scientific urge to find means of reducing fatty compounds in common meat products. One hundred and twenty,4-weeks old Abor acre broilers were used for this experiment and allotted to four different treatment groups (T1-T4). The control group; T1 was...
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The study was conducted to examine the influence of strain and non-genetic factors on growth and reproduction of indigenous Guinea fowl. Four strains of indigenous Guinea fowls: Pearl, Lavender, White and Black were used. Three non-genetic factors were considered: season of hatch, generation and sex of bird. Data were collected on 600 indigenous Guinea fowls. Data were analysed with the General Linear Procedure (GLM) of...
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The study was undertaken at Adiha in Kola Tembien district of Ethiopia with the objectives to evaluate the effect of supplementation of mixture of cowpea haulms and maize grain on weight gains of Abergelle goats and its economic feasibility. Eight farmers who provided three similar in weight male yearling Abergelle goats participated in the study. Initial body weight of experimental goats was 17.7 kg + 0.75 kg...
On station determination of appropriate level of feed ration supplementation for local intact rams
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The study was conducted in Mekelle Agricultural Research Center to evaluate four rations for ram fattening based on station feeding trial and to evaluate the profitability of concentrate feed supplementation of the rams. Twenty-five intact rams of yearly age (1PPI dentition) with an average initial body weight of 19.3 ± 2.1 (mean ± SD) were purchased from the local market of the highland sheep population found in Atsbi...
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This study was conducted to assess reproductive performances of crossbred (Holstein-Friesian dairy cows with Ethiopian Local zebu dairy cattle which is known as Zebu cattle),farmers management practices and factors affecting performances of Crosses of dairy cattle in Shashogo and Anlemo distincts of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Purposive sampling techniques were used to select district and kebeles. A total of 196...
Assessment of breeding practice of dairy cattle in Dawuro Zone, Southern Ethiopia
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The study was conducted to assess of breeding practices of dairy cattle in Dawuro zone, southern Ethiopia. Based on their milking shed potentiality and dairy production availability, three districts/Woreda from Dawuro zone and two kebeles from each district were purposively selected for questionnaire administration. Then a total of 180 dairy holding households (60 from each district) having dairy stocks were interviewed at...
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This study was conducted to assess constraints and opportunity of indigenous beef cattle production, and marketing system in Dawuro Zone, southern Ethiopia. To achieve these objective secondary and primary data were used. Mareka, Tocha, Isera districts were selected for study. Thirty indigenous beef breed farm owners were randomly selected for study area, ten farm owners selected from each district. As respondent notify...
Performance of Three Broiler Strains Fed Standard Feed
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A six weeks experiment was conducted to determine the growth performance, feed intake and slaughter characteristics of three broiler strains fed standard feed. Fifty (50) day-old-chicks each of Arbor Acres Farm Support, Arbor Acres Grinphield and Marshall Grinphield were used. Each strain was randomly allotted into 5 replicates and each replicate had 10 birds. The design used was a completely randomized design. Feed and...
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This study was carried out to phenotypically characterize and differentiate sheep populations of Western part of Ethiopia. Physical observations and body weight and linear measurements were taken from 600 females and 180 males. Multivariate canonical and discriminant analysis were employed to differentiate populations and, estimate Mahalanobis distance among populations and correct assignment of population to their...
Begait sheep production systems and breeding practices of smallholder farmers in Tigrai, Ethiopia
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Reconnaissance tour, focus group discussion and semi-structured interview were used to generate the dataset from 144 randomly selected small holder Begait sheep owners in two districts of Tigrai region, namely Tahtayadyabo and Kaftahumera, Ethiopia to understand Begait sheep production systems and identify breeding practices, breeding objectives, and constraints as a first step towards developing breeding strategies of...
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The experiment was conducted at Legambo district between January and July 2018 to evaluate the productive performances of Bovans Brown (BB), Sasso (SS) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) chicken breeds under backyard and semi-intensive management systems. A total of 900-day-old chicks were reared up to 91 days of age. Body Weight (BW), Final Body Weight (FBW), Average daily gain (ADG), Feed Intake (FI), mortality and reason of...
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Lactating animals are exposed to oxidative stress (OS) which influences milk composition. Administration of vitamin E could mitigate the effects of the OS and improve milk production. This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E administration on some milk constituents and serum oxidative status of lactating West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Eighteen WAD does with mean live-weight of 17.5kg ±0.04 were...
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The Objectives of this study is to investigate the effect of diets containing different levels of Lawsonia inermis leaf on egg production and egg quality (internal and external) of Isa Brown hens. 150 point of laying birds (18 weeks) were used for the experiment. They were divided into five treatment groups (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 fed 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40g/kg Lawsonia inermis leaf meal respectively). Each treatment...
Reproductive Performance and Associated Health Problems at Alagae Dairy Farm, Central Ethiopia
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Study was conducted between November 2015 and March 2016 at Alage dairy farm. the objective of study was to evaluate ten years record and the current status of dairy farm A total of 370 cow’s record and 105 monitored dairy cows’ were used for the study. The overall mean of 27.68±6.48 age at first service (AFS), 37.8±6.88 age at first calving(AFC), 16.36±5.2 calving interval (CI), 6.93±4.79months of days open(DO),...
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Indigenous chicken populations are known for their ability to produce with limited feed resources and minimum management. Although phenotypic characterization is important for improvement and genetic conservation those populations are not fully characterized. A study was conducted to identify and describe phenotypic characteristics and document diversity of the indigenous chicken populations of northwestern Tigrai,...
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The study was conducted in Bako Tibe and Dano districts of Oromia region, Ethiopia with the objectives to identify indigenous chicken production, husbandry and breeding practices and farmer’s traits preference of chickens. Data were collected using semi-structured formal questionnaires and focus group discussions. A total of 119 households (60 from Bako Tibe and 59 from Dano district), were randomly selected using a...
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This study was aimed to generate basic information on production objectives and selection criteria of indigenous sheep types under farmer’s management condition in some selected East Gojam zone districts. Multistage purposive sampling was employed based on the potential of sheep production. For that purpose About 270 households (90 from each district) were used for household survey. The main objectives of keeping sheep...
Review on bovine hydatidosis and its public health and economic importance in Ethiopia
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Hydatidosis is a globally distributed zoonotic parasitic disease, caused by larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus for which large numbers of mammalian species are significant hosts for the occurrence of hydatid cyst in man. Livestock are infected through the ingestion of contaminated pasture with the feces of infected dogs. Dogs usually become infected by ingestion of contaminated meat of cattle and other livestock with...
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Cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2018 to March, 2019 to investigate the major causes of organs/carcass condemnation and to estimate the financial loss encountered in cattle slaughtered at Hirna municipal abattoir. Both Ante mortem and Post mortem examination were employed to detect any abnormalities on the animals during the study period. Accordingly, a total of 384 randomly selected slaughtered cattle...
On Farm Phenotypic Characterization of Indigenous Goats Types in Bale zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
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The aim of this study was to characterize goat types of Bale zone using quantitative and qualitative trait and estimate body weight through measuring different body measurements of goats. Purposive and multistage sampling were used for selection of district and kebeles. about 567 female and 63 male goats were sampled for body measurement and morphometric character. Out of the total sampled goat population in the study area...
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An experiment was conducted at Yabello Pastoral and Dryland Agricultural Research Center in Oromia National Regional State to evaluate the effects of local and conventional feed supplementation on milk yield and milk composition of Borana cows. Twelve lactating Borana cows of first parity and second parity with similar stage of lactation were used. The experiment had four treatments with three replications using randomized...
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Introduction of Koekoek chicken was carried out at Adwa and MedabayZana districts in Tigray to evaluate its performance and promote the breed with full-fledged poultry packages. The areas were selected purposely to centre the two potential zones of the region. Each participant was given about 50 day old chicks along with starter feed, drinkers and feeders. Data on survival, productivity, costs and farmers’ perception were...
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The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha and Bora districts from east Shoa zone as well as Kofele and Asasa from west Arsi zone of Oromia regional state. The objective of this study was to describe the breeding objectives of the farmers who keep indigenous sheep found in the study areas. The study was conducted using semi–structured questionnaire, followed by focus group discussions. A questionnaire was used to...
Phenotypic response to mass selection for weaning weight and 18-month weight in Tswana cattle
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The objectives of this study were to identify the significant environmental factors that influenced growth traits and to evaluate phenotypic response of growth traits to selection at weaning (S1) and 18-months of age (S2) and the unselected control line (S3) in Tswana cattle. Phenotypic analysis for average daily gains (ADGs) and growth traits were conducted using 7223 records of animals which were born between 1996 and...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate fattening performance of Menz ram lambs fed grass hay basal diet and supplemented different combination of wheat bran and lentil broken screening. The treatments were T1 (30g wheat bran 133g lentil broken screening), T2 (235g lentil broken screening only), T3 (285g wheat bran only), and T4 (227g wheat bran and 120 lentil broken screening). Twenty four Menz ram lambs of 8 to 10 months...
Productive Performances of Crossbred Dairy Cattle at Holetta Agricultural Research Center
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This study was conducted to evaluate the productive performances of crossbred dairy cattle at Holetta research center dairy farm. A total of 8123 performance records were used and analyzed to determine the effect of period of calving, season of calving, parity and genetic group. The parameters used us indicator of productive performances were Lactation milk yield (LMY), daily milk yield (DMY) and lactation length (LL). The...
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) as a livestock feed in Ethiopia – review
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Feed shortage in terms of quantity and quality is a major problem affecting livestock production and productivity in Ethiopia. Although there is livestock feed shortage in the country however, the available conventional and non-conventional feed resources are not properly utilized by farmers. Enset is a monocarpic short-lived perennial plant which is widely cultivated in the central, southern and south-western parts of...
Phenotypic characterization of local chicken ecotypes of Benishangul-gumuz region, western Ethiopia
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This study was conducted in four districts (Bambassi, Kamashi, Mao-komo and Homosha) of Benishangul-Gumuz regional state to describe physical and morphological characteristics of local chicken population in the study area. A total of 847 matured local chickens (619 females and 228 males) were randomly sampled from the study area. Mean live body weight and other linear body measurements of males was significantly (p
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The objective of this study was to estimate variance-covariance components and genetic parameters for growth traits in Tswana cattle. Genetic analyses for ADGs and growth traits were conducted using 7223 records of animals which were born between 1996 and 2013 from 1662 dams and 188 sires in 54 contemporary groups, using both univariate and bivariate animal models. Heritability estimates for growth traits ranged from...
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The objective of this study was to determine the environmental and genetic factors influencing mature cow weight (MCW) trait in Tswana cattle breed. Analyses of environmental and genetic effects for mature cow weight trait were performed using 19301 records of Tswana cows born between 1996 and 2010 from 610 dams and 137 sires in 54 contemporaries. Mature cow weight trait was analysed using repeatability model. The...
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The objective of this study was to determine the environmental and genetic factors affecting reproductive traits and calf survival from birth to weaning in Tswana breed of cattle. Analyses of environmental and genetic effects for calf survival traits were done using 7223 records of animals which were born between 1996 and 2013 from 1659 dams and 188 sires in 54 contemporaries. Analyses of environmental and genetic effects...
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To improve the competitiveness of live animals and meat export from Ethiopia tremendous interventions in the coordination of livestock marketing activities and biosecurity for provision of market support services are needed. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare and identify the management and biosecurity and major constraints of feedlot industries in Adama quarantine area. Three feedlot farms were used to collect...
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The study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and comprehensive strength of urea molasses blocks using different binding agents, fibre source and drying methods. Different blocks were produced and dried for seven days under shade and sun. Dry matter content was higher 92.7% in sun dried rice bran with cement (SRWC) and 92.6% in sun dried wheat offal with cement (SWWC) with the least 88.0% in shade dried wheat...
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The study was conducted to evaluate growth performance, carcass characteristics and economic benefit of koekoek chickens fed different levels of fish meal as replacement to soybean in Bora district of East shoa zone, Ethiopia. Fish offal was collected from Koka reservoir and Ellen Lake and then cooked and sun dried. The treatments contained control (T1), 5% fish meal and 15% soybean meal; T2,10% soybean meal and 10% fish...
Review on Opportunities and Challenges of Dairy cattle production in Ethiopia
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This review is conducted to assess the Opportunities and Challenges of Dairy cattle production in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia the dairy industry plays an enormous role in ensuring food security and creating rural employment in the highland and lowland areas. In Ethiopia, dairying is experienced throughout the country by a large number of rural and urban producers. Indigenous breeds of cows are generally considered as low milk...
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Survey was aiming to characterize indigenous chicken production in eastern and south eastern zone of Tigray region. Two peasant associations were selected from each district and 178 households were interviewed. The flock sizes was 6.22 chicks, 3.37 pullets, 2.58 cockerels, 3.88 hens and 1.61 cocks per household and 98.9% and 99.4% of farmers supplement feed and water to chickens respectively. About 79% of farmers had...
Selected vegetable and fruit wastes for poultry feed: Review
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This review was done to assess some selected vegetable and fruit wastes used as poultry feed and indicate the inclusion rate of them in poultry ration. Among vegetable wastes, culled carrots at 4% and carrot tops up to 15% inclusion level improved yolk colour. Dried tomato pomace and tomato seed could be incorporated in poultry rations at the level of 20% and 15% respectively, without any adverse effect. Cooked potatoes...
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