Effect of heat stress on cow milk yields in lowland areas and mitigation strategies: Review
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Dairy sector is a cornerstone of global agriculture, contributing significantly to food security and rural economies. However, heat stress, exacerbated by rising global temperatures and extreme weather events, poses a critical challenge to dairy production, particularly in lowland tropical and subtropical regions. This reviews the effects of heat stress on dairy cows, focusing on lowland areas, and explores adaptive...
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This study was conducted to evaluate nutrient compositions and effects of seven different forage to concentrate (R: C) ratios (100:0, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70 and 0:100) on gas and methane (CH4) production, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) using in vitro gas production technique. Different roughage feeds: Alfalfa hay...
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This study aimed to assess the quality of 3-day-old chicks and maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) in different strains of broiler chickens. The research was conducted at the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State University, Nigeria. Three strains of broiler chickens (Arbor Acres, Cobb-500 and Ross 308) were evaluated for qualitative and quantitative properties. The results showed that the frequency...
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This study evaluated farmers' perception of the efficiency of Artificial Insemination (AI) in dairy cattle in four Tanzanian regions: Dar es Salaam, Kilimanjaro, Mbeya, and Mwanza. Using a pre-tested questionnaire, data were gathered from 212 farmers, exploring socio-demographic characteristics, animal management, breeding practices, challenges, and suggestions for AI improvement. AI efficiency was assessed through the...
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The study was conducted in Dawuro Zone Tarcha town from Oct 2020 to March 2021 to identify the constraints and opportunities of village poultry production. Data were collected through both primaries from questionnaires and secondary data from different relevant offices, published and unpublished source. Target numbers of household’s selected for the study were about 30 households. The result of the study indicated that the...
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The goal of the study was to ascertain if supplementing Tsara (Pterocarpus lucens) and Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) leaves would be more cost-effective than a concentrate mixture when fed to Begait sheep in the Tselemti District of the North Western zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, on a basal diet of hay. Twenty-five yearling male Begait sheep are used in the experiment. Five dietary treatments are set up in a randomized...
Demonstration on the Effect of Storage Material and Period on Quality of Table Eggs
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The study was conducted with the objectives to evaluate the effect of storage time and material on the internal and external quality of table eggs and compare improved egg storage practice technologies with the local practices. It was done in four districts with three treatments (T1=oil coated eggs stored in plastic only, T2=eggs stored in plastic with straw and T3=eggs stored in Zenbil with straw). About 240 eggs from...
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The dairy industry accounts for 14% of Kenya’s agricultural GDP. The subsector is important as it supports food security, employment, health, and the growth of industries in Kenya. The livestock production potential is however affected by high incidences of mortalities of different classes of cattle. Data including the age of the animal, breed, sex and postmortem findings was collected at KALRO Dairy Research Centre, Ol...
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This study was conducted to assess the major livestock feed resources and feeding system of Dalifage district of Afar Regional state, Ethiopia. Three representative kebeles from pastoral and three from agro-pastoral were selected purposively from which 151 households were selected randomly for semistructured individual interview. Major feed resources were fodder trees, shrubs, (Acacia melifera, Grewia ferruginea, Salvadora...
Review on Feed Additives in Poultry.
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This review paper was designed with the objectives of revising information on feed additives in poultry production. Poultry feed consists of a range of substances known as “feed additives”. It has non-nutritive substances usually added in amounts of less than 0.05 percent to maintain health status, uniformity and production efficiency in intensive production systems. These additives have now become vital components of...
Growth performance of indigenous sheep types in highlands of Gurage area, South Ethiopia
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of lambs and to assess the effect of non-genetic factors on growth traits of indigenous sheep population in highlands of Gurage area, South Ethiopia. Two districts were selected purposively based on highland sheep population distribution and flock size. Birth weight and live body weight records at different age of interval were monitored from 197 heads of...
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The study was carried out to investigate the effect of climate variability on the causes of mortality in livestock in the Savannah Agro-Ecological zone of Ghana. Climate data (rainfall, temperature, and humidity) and post-mortem (PM) reports of livestock (N=1366) spanning a period of eleven years were obtained from the Northern Regional Meteorological Agency and the Pong Tamale Central Laboratory, respectively. The PM...
Modeling of growth curves for crossbred dairy cows
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The study was performed to model growth curves of crossbred dairy cattle using different non-linear models. All available weight-age records of crossbred dairy cattle, collected from birth to 1008 days of ages during the thirty-two years periods (1985-2016) were used for the study. Nonlinear models were subjected to fit the data using the NLIN procedure of SAS ver. 9.40 (2013). The model(s) that best fit and describe the...
The growth, carcass components and egg production of indigenous chicken strains in Ethiopia
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The study was conducted to evaluate the growth, carcass, and egg production performance of indigenous chicken strains kept under intensive production systems in Gambella region, Ethiopia. A total of 649 indigenous chickens of four (4) strains were kept for growth, carcass, and egg production performance evaluation. Completely randomized design (CRD) treatments were used. Chicks have been monitored from day one as much as...
Diagnosis and control of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
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Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is a bacterial disease that infects respiratory track of cattle; it prevails in most part of the world. In Ethiopia it spreads and affects cattle production with lowering economic development of the country by locking export potential. Clinical diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is unreliable as initial sign may be slight or non-existent and may be indistinguishable from any...
Introduction and evaluation of estrus synchronization for indigenous sheep under smallholder farmers
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The study was conducted in Atsbiwonberta district, which is found in the eastern zone of the regional government of Tigray, Ethiopia to investigate the possibility of estrus synchronization in the highland sheep. One Kebele was selected as pilot site based on the assumption that there was one ongoing project of community based sheep breed improvement so that it could facilitate the rate of improvement through selection. A...
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The study was proposed to assess the stingless bee production practices, distribution and indigenous knowledge in the Bale and West Arsi Zones of Southeastern Oromia. Three districts were considered within two zones. From each district three Rural Kebeles were selected and a total of 65 stingless bee honey hunters were interviewed and field observations were also added. Across-sectional study with purposive sampling...
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One of infectious disease that affects poultry is coccidiosis, which is caused by parasitic protozoans of the genus Eimeria, also known as coccidians. A cross sectional was conducted to determine the prevalence of coccidiosis and its associated risk factor in Bishoftu town from November 2017 to April 2018. The random sampling method was used to gather a total of 422 faecal samples from poultry in both backyard and...
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This study was conducted in Organic and Akseker Export abattoirs of Modjo district of Eastern Shoa zone of central Ethiopia with the aim of phenotypic evaluations of indigenous goats exportable to Akseker and Organic Export abattoirs of Modjo modern export abattoirs aimed at improving the community-based breeding strategies of indigenous goats and their phenotypic traits exported to export abattoirs for meat consumption. A...
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the genetic diversity between and within the indigenous Tswana goat populations in five agro-ecological regions of Botswana and to assess the gene flow and population structure among them using microsatellite markers. DNA was analyzed from 500 Tswana goats sampled from communal farms in Botswana. There were 481 alleles detected, ranging from 3 to 14 per locus. The Southern...
Market chain analysis of live goats: A survey from Korahe zone, Somali Regional State
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Somali regional state is known for livestock production. : A significant number of pastoralists rely on livestock and their by-products as major livelihood. Despite the potential relevance of livestock production in improving the living conditions of pastoralists, little was done to understand the structure, conduct and performance of the livestock market. This study aimed to analyze the structure, conduct and performance...
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The study was conducted in Gozamen district of East Gojjam Zone of the Amhara region Ethiopia to evaluate grazing land condition and biomass production. The survey data was collected by interview ingatotal of 120 households by random selectionof two rural-kebeles from three altitudes (high, midandlow). To evaluate grazing land condition, the district was stratified into three altitudes (high, midandlow altitudes). From...
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A community based breeding program was performed in the years 2012 to 2017 in Dubluk district of Borana Zone, with the objective to improve some productive traits and conserve Boran cattle breed through disseminating improved Boran sires to pastoral community of the district. Relevant performance data were collected to check the performance of the program to achieve the required goal. The data collected were: number of...
Performance evaluation of Cobb500 broilers under On-Station management in Pawe, Ethiopia.
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Cobb-500 broiler is one of the world’s most popular commercial meat chicken breeds. This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of Cobb-500 broiler under on-station conditions at Pawe Agricultural Research Center. A total of 200 one-day-old chicks and commercial broiler feed were purchased from Alema poultry farm in Bishoftu. Appropriate vaccinations were administered to the chicks while standard bio-security...
Nutritional composition and quality of table eggs as affected by duration of storage.
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One hundred and twenty (120) freshly laid eggs by 36 weeks old ISA brown layers kept at the Poultry Unit, Teaching and Research Farm, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa were randomly collected and stored at room temperature for 21 days. At week 0, week1, week 2 and week 3 of storage, 30 eggs were broken for egg quality and nutritional components analyses. Data collected were subjected to...
Socio-economic characteristics and husbandry practices of dog breeding in western region of Cameroon
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The present study was conducted in order to describe the socio-economic characteristics of canine farmers in Cameroon and the management techniques of their canine herds. The study was carried out between February and May 2019 in the region of West Cameroon. For this purpose, a questionnaire has been addressed to canine breeders to determine the socio-economic characteristics and techniques, and to identify the constraints...
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Physical characteristics, microbial and chemical quality, pH and cholesterol level were analysed from 120 table eggs randomly collected from households, retailers and at market in Dodoma city, Central part of Tanzania. The eggs sampled at the market were found to have low content of moisture (80.65%), high cholesterol level (15.90 mg/g) and low pH of 6.50 with vast microbial load of 5.622 CFU/mL and 5.690 CFU/mL for Total...
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This study was carried out to determine the productivity potential and nutritional value of Brachiaria humidicola grass in the enclosed area of Menesibu district. The feed samples from four sites of area enclosure two from highland and two from low land which was established in different years (2007 & 2011) were taken from quadrats placed and demarked and divided with systematically sampling procedures into 3 sub samples...
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The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jidokombolcha, Bora, Dodola, Shala and Negele-Arsi districts with objective to assess cattle breeding practices and rate of inbreeding. Two hundred forty respondents were identified using random sampling techniques. The study result indicated that farmers traditionally use name and ear cutting to identify their local cattle. Body size was ranked as primary selection criteria of bulls...
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This study aimed to determine dietary effects of energy and protein levels on slaughter performance, carcass yield and qualities of selected sheep breeds. Fifty yearling lambs with a mean IBW of 19.31±1.7 kg (Mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into five dietary treatments i.e., mEmP(minimum Energy and Protein), MEMP (medium energy and protein), MEHP(medium Energy and high Protein), HEMP(high energy and medium protein),...
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This trial evaluated concentrate supplementation on grazing behavior, growth performance, carcass yield and economic analysis of off-season steer production in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICL). A randomized block design with the pastures (modules) as blocks, with 4 treatments, 4 groups of animals per treatment and 3 animals per group (N=48, 395±16 kg) was used to evaluate increasing levels of concentrate...
Effect of Crossing Koekoek and Sasso Chicken on Egg Quality Traits
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of crossing Koekoek (KK) and Sasso (SS) chicken on egg quality traits. To fulfill this aim, a total of 720 eggs have been collected to test egg quality. Data have been collected for the variables such as:- egg, albumen, yolk and shell weight, shell thickness, shape index, yolk color, albumen and yolk height, yolk diameter, yolk index, egg strength, specific gravity and Haugh...
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Breeding practices and trait preferences are key to defining sound breeding objectives and designing genetic improvement programs at community level. The current study identifies these factors for village goats within a pilot community-based breeding program in Pella village, North West province, South Africa. Thirty-five farmers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire survey to characterize goat farmers...
In vitro antibacterial activity of Allium sativum (garlic) extract against Salmonella typhimurium
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The inappropriate and irrational use of antibiotics in poultry industry has led to the emergence of resistant microbial populations such as Salmonella typhimurium, which is responsible for 26% of cases of enterocolitis in humans. In the fight against this bacterium, Allium sativum (garlic) would be an effective alternative. This is because several studies claim the effectiveness of garlic in the prevention and treatment of...
Phenotypic Characterization of Indigenous Chicken Ecotypes in Awi Zone, Ethiopia
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The study was conducted in three districts of Awi zone in Amhara region, with the aim to characterize andidentify the phenotypic variation of indigenous chickenecotypes. A total of 720 indigenous chicken ecotypes were females (504) and males (216) from the whole districts) to describe qualitative and quantitative traits. Local chicken were mostly normal feathered and large phenotypic variability among ecotypes was observed...
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The study was conducted to generate comprehensive information on production systems, husbandry and marketing practices of indigenous sheep breed in Meket and Gidan district of North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. The study was performed based on household survey. For household survey, 240 households (120 from each district) were involved. Qualitative data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Mixed...
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The early-life fast growing rate of modern strains of domestic animals comes with a number of problems which may include incidence of metabolic disorders, blood related diseases, skeletal diseases, mortality and morbidity. To this effect, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of graded levels of sundried cassava starch extract pulp (SCSEP) on blood indices (haematology, serum, white blood cell differential...
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The study was conducted to examine the influence of strain and non-genetic factors on growth and reproduction of indigenous Guinea fowl. Four strains of indigenous Guinea fowls: Pearl, Lavender, White and Black were used. Three non-genetic factors were considered: season of hatch, generation and sex of bird. Data were collected on 600 indigenous Guinea fowls. Data were analysed with the General Linear Procedure (GLM) of...
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The study was undertaken at Adiha in Kola Tembien district of Ethiopia with the objectives to evaluate the effect of supplementation of mixture of cowpea haulms and maize grain on weight gains of Abergelle goats and its economic feasibility. Eight farmers who provided three similar in weight male yearling Abergelle goats participated in the study. Initial body weight of experimental goats was 17.7 kg + 0.75 kg...
On station determination of appropriate level of feed ration supplementation for local intact rams
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The study was conducted in Mekelle Agricultural Research Center to evaluate four rations for ram fattening based on station feeding trial and to evaluate the profitability of concentrate feed supplementation of the rams. Twenty-five intact rams of yearly age (1PPI dentition) with an average initial body weight of 19.3 ± 2.1 (mean ± SD) were purchased from the local market of the highland sheep population found in Atsbi...
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This study was conducted to assess reproductive performances of crossbred (Holstein-Friesian dairy cows with Ethiopian Local zebu dairy cattle which is known as Zebu cattle),farmers management practices and factors affecting performances of Crosses of dairy cattle in Shashogo and Anlemo distincts of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Purposive sampling techniques were used to select district and kebeles. A total of 196...
Assessment of breeding practice of dairy cattle in Dawuro Zone, Southern Ethiopia
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The study was conducted to assess of breeding practices of dairy cattle in Dawuro zone, southern Ethiopia. Based on their milking shed potentiality and dairy production availability, three districts/Woreda from Dawuro zone and two kebeles from each district were purposively selected for questionnaire administration. Then a total of 180 dairy holding households (60 from each district) having dairy stocks were interviewed at...
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This study was conducted to assess constraints and opportunity of indigenous beef cattle production, and marketing system in Dawuro Zone, southern Ethiopia. To achieve these objective secondary and primary data were used. Mareka, Tocha, Isera districts were selected for study. Thirty indigenous beef breed farm owners were randomly selected for study area, ten farm owners selected from each district. As respondent notify...
Performance of Three Broiler Strains Fed Standard Feed
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A six weeks experiment was conducted to determine the growth performance, feed intake and slaughter characteristics of three broiler strains fed standard feed. Fifty (50) day-old-chicks each of Arbor Acres Farm Support, Arbor Acres Grinphield and Marshall Grinphield were used. Each strain was randomly allotted into 5 replicates and each replicate had 10 birds. The design used was a completely randomized design. Feed and...
Begait sheep production systems and breeding practices of smallholder farmers in Tigrai, Ethiopia
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Reconnaissance tour, focus group discussion and semi-structured interview were used to generate the dataset from 144 randomly selected small holder Begait sheep owners in two districts of Tigrai region, namely Tahtayadyabo and Kaftahumera, Ethiopia to understand Begait sheep production systems and identify breeding practices, breeding objectives, and constraints as a first step towards developing breeding strategies of...
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The experiment was conducted at Legambo district between January and July 2018 to evaluate the productive performances of Bovans Brown (BB), Sasso (SS) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) chicken breeds under backyard and semi-intensive management systems. A total of 900-day-old chicks were reared up to 91 days of age. Body Weight (BW), Final Body Weight (FBW), Average daily gain (ADG), Feed Intake (FI), mortality and reason of...
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Lactating animals are exposed to oxidative stress (OS) which influences milk composition. Administration of vitamin E could mitigate the effects of the OS and improve milk production. This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E administration on some milk constituents and serum oxidative status of lactating West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Eighteen WAD does with mean live-weight of 17.5kg ±0.04 were...
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The Objectives of this study is to investigate the effect of diets containing different levels of Lawsonia inermis leaf on egg production and egg quality (internal and external) of Isa Brown hens. 150 point of laying birds (18 weeks) were used for the experiment. They were divided into five treatment groups (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 fed 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40g/kg Lawsonia inermis leaf meal respectively). Each treatment...
Reproductive Performance and Associated Health Problems at Alagae Dairy Farm, Central Ethiopia
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Study was conducted between November 2015 and March 2016 at Alage dairy farm. the objective of study was to evaluate ten years record and the current status of dairy farm A total of 370 cow’s record and 105 monitored dairy cows’ were used for the study. The overall mean of 27.68±6.48 age at first service (AFS), 37.8±6.88 age at first calving(AFC), 16.36±5.2 calving interval (CI), 6.93±4.79months of days...
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Indigenous chicken populations are known for their ability to produce with limited feed resources and minimum management. Although phenotypic characterization is important for improvement and genetic conservation those populations are not fully characterized. A study was conducted to identify and describe phenotypic characteristics and document diversity of the indigenous chicken populations of northwestern Tigrai,...
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