August 2018
Population dynamics of white mango scale, Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Western Ethiopia
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the third most important fruit crop in the tropics following citrus and banana. It is consumed as a fresh fruit and different forms of preparations for its multifaceted nutritional values. Mango production in Ethiopia is constrained by infestation of white mango scale (WMS), Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead. White mango scale was recorded from Ethiopia for the first time in 2010, in a...
August 2018
Influence of markets on fish farming adoption: The case of Chingale in Malawi
The challenges constraining the contribution of aquaculture to food security and household incomes have mostly been documented as low utilization of improved feed, lack of improved seed and unfriendly financing services. This study looked at the influence of markets including market information on adopting aquaculture technologies. Data were collected from 110 farmers in Zomba District, Malawi. Using a logit model,...
July 2018
“Climate change perception and adaptation strategy associated with farming techniques in Tamou district wester Niger” farmers
The variability of climate parameters in most of agricultural areas in Niger represents a major risk for farmers. This work is aimed at analyzing farmer’s perception and adaptation to climate change parameters in Tamou district. The study was conducted on seventy three (73) millet farmers from seven villages in Tamou, namely Allambaré, Bani Guiti, Guieme, Tollondi , Moli Haoussa and Welgorou. The sample was...
July 2018
Cowpea response to nutrient application in Burkina Faso and Niger
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is important in semi-arid West Africa. Yields are low due to inadequate water and nutrient availability and other constraints. Grain and fodder yield responses to nutrient application were determined from 21 site-years of research conducted in the Sahel and Sudan Savanna. The incomplete factorial treatment arrangement varied by country but included: Four levels each of P and K in 7.5...
July 2018
Cultivation of watermelons submitted to water deficit in the experimental area of Brazilian semiarid
The culture of watermelon is mostly responds to technological advancement. The fruit is analyzed in terms of its production and quality. Among the factors involved in its production, irrigation is very important; however it must be well managed. There are phases of the culture that requires greater or lesser amount of water for maximum productivity and high quality. In this context, the present research was conducted to...
July 2018
Humic acids and brassinosteroid application effects on pineapple plantlet growth and nutrition during the aclimatization phase
Humic acid and brassinosteroid applications may be an alternative to decrease the pineapple plantlet acclimatization in in vitro cultivation, since promising results have been observed when these substances were independently applied in other propagation methods. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of humic acids and brassinosteroid application on 'BRS Vitória'...
July 2018
Thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.) allelopathy on cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Zimbabwe
Datura stramonium extracts have allelopathic properties. The study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of D. stramonium weed on seed germination, early seedling growth and dry biomass of crop plants (Triticum aestivum and Vigna unguiculata). Laboratory and greenhouse trials were arranged as completely randomised design and the field pot experiment was arranged as a randomised complete block design....
July 2018
Analysis of coffee quality along the coffee value chain in Jimma zone, Ethiopia
This study assesses the effect of cooperative, certification, private trader, farmers, sorting and processing methods on Arabica coffee quality. Coffee samples were collected from certified cooperatives, non-certified cooperatives, private traders and farmers (members of certified cooperatives, non-certified cooperatives and non-members of cooperatives). The study showed that coffee beans sampled from cooperatives had...
July 2018
Sensor-based algorithms to improve barley nitrogen efficiency in Queensland
The low efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizers impels the innovation of current N management strategies in cereal production. Site specific N management is an emerging field providing novel alternatives to current nutrient management practices through canopy sensing. Barley N use efficiency can be enhanced with GreenSeeker proximal sensors, whose optimal utilization requires algorithms. The design of such algorithms...
July 2018
Screening of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) lines for resistance to three Aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch) strains in Burkina Faso
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is an important cash, food and nutritional security grain legume crop in the semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa. However, its productivity is hampered by several biotic stress factors including numerous insect pests that infest and damage the crop at all its development stages in the field as well as during storage. This study sought to identify new sources of resistance to...
July 2018
Technical efficiency and yield gap of smallholder wheat producers in Ethiopia: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Improving technical efficiency of smallholder farmers is one of the options to increase wheat yield in developing countries. This paper assesses technical efficiency, factors for inefficiency and the yield gap due to technical inefficiency in major wheat producing regions of Ethiopia, where the support to agricultural research for development of strategic crops (SARD-SC) wheat project has been implemented using primary...
July 2018
Direct shoot regeneration from hypocotyl explants of Heracleum candicans Wall: A vulnerable high value medicinal herb of Kashmir Himalaya
Heracleum candicans belongs to the family Apiaceae, and is categorized as a vulnerable Himalayan medicinal herb. Due to its diverse chemical constituents it is having an increased demand in pharmaceutical industries, especially in international market. This herb is commercially useful as a major source of Xanthotoxin which is widely used to treat leucoderma and to prepare suntan lotions. During the present study direct...
July 2018
Use of millimeter ruler as an alternative tool in the phenotyping of potential descriptors of soybean
The soybean stands out in the Brazilian agribusiness and part of this success stems from the development of improved cultivars. One of the requirements for the concession of protection to a given cultivar is that it should be distinct from others cultivars. Potential additional descriptors of soybean have been studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the millimeter ruler in the measurement...
July 2018
Screening for resistance to Striga gesnerioides and estimation of yield loss among Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) progenies in the Upper East Region of Ghana
Parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) is one of the major constraints of cowpea production. Host-plant resistance seems to be efficient and economical in controlling the pest. The objectives of this study were to evaluate recombinant inbred lines developed between IT97K 499-35 (Striga resistant parent,) and Sanzi (susceptible parent), by Single Seed Descent (SSD), for Striga resistance in Northern Ghana. The study...
July 2018
Cultivation of common bean with the application of biochar of ouricuri (Syagrus coronata (Mart) Becc.) endocarp
Biochar has attracted the attention of the scientific community due to its promising applicability and contribution to the elevation of soil chemical and biological aspects, directly influencing the microbiota, fertility levels and yield of agricultural crops. The objective of this study is to determine the chemical and biological attributes of an acrisol cultivated with beans and submitted to the application of...
July 2018
Greenhouse gas emissions from an alkaline saline soil amended with urea: A laboratory study
Soil of the former lake Texcoco is nitrogen (N) depleted, so any attempt to vegetate the area will require the application of an N fertilizer. Urea is commonly used as fertilizer, but its application to soil might affect emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), and the high pH and electrolytic conductivity (EC) in the Texcoco soil might inhibit the...
July 2018
Climbing beans in Uganda: A perspective of smallholder farmers on their determinants, associated challenges and implications for research
In many parts of the world including Uganda climbing beans are mostly grown in highland areas where population density is high and land is limiting. The objective of this study was to contribute to understanding the current status of the factors affecting productivity of climbing beans among smallholder farmers in Uganda. Kisoro and Kabale districts in the South West were selected for the study. Primary data was...
July 2018
Agriculture and food security under threat of change climate in Benin
Vulnerability of agriculture to climate change has been a key issue due to its negative effect on human survival. This study aims to determine the effect of climate change on the production of crops to draw the attention of plant breeders on the paramount necessity to breed new varieties that are tolerant to abiotic stress (drought, temperature, salinity and flooding) for the happiness of farmers. Data on the...
July 2018
Assessment of soil characteristics under four cropping and land management systems in south west Nigeria
Soil degradation and desertification pose a major threat to agricultural production in sub-Saharan Africa. The influence of cropping systems which had been established on selected physical and chemical properties of soil were investigated in Akinyode-Okinni community in Egbedore Local Government Area (LGA) of Osun State, Nigeria. The cropping systems included agri-silviculture (SCM), silvi-pasture (SPC),...
June 2018
Benefits of grass-legume inter-cropping in livestock systems
Legumes (Fabaceae) are plants with the distinct ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, the atmospheric nitrogen fixation by legumes is known as biological nitrogen fixation. Biological nitrogen fixation is the process whereby atmospheric nitrogen is reduced to ammonia in the presence of the enzyme nitrogenase. Nitrogen fixation in legumes starts with the formation of nodules. Inside the nodules, nitrogen fixation done by...
June 2018
In support of a well-planned intercropping systems in south eastern soils of Nigeria: A review
Soil is the medium for all crop production activities and many of the tropical soils especially soils of South Eastern Nigeria show nutrient deficiency problems after only a short period of cultivation because of the fragile nature and prevailing environmental condition. Land available for further crop production purposes in this area is very limited. To offset some of these problems and boast crop production and yields...
June 2018
Adaptability and genotype-environment interaction of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) varieties in North Eastern Ethiopia
An experiment was conducted to study the adaptability and genotype × environment interaction of finger millet varieties in the north eastern part of Ethiopia. Eight finger millet varieties and a local check were tested at Sirinka, Kobo, and Jari in 2013 and 2014 cropping season. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replicates. The result showed that the year 2013 was...
June 2018
Characteristics of three morphotypes of Solenostemon rotundifolius [(Poir.) J. K. Morton] based on qualitative morphological traits
Solenostemon rotundifolius [(Poir.) J. K. Morton] (Lamiaceae) is commonly called Fabirama, Frafra potato or Innala. It is a tuber crop cultivated in many countries in Africa and Asia. Its tubers contain significant rate of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, vitamins and antioxidants. Besides its nutritional attributes, S. rotundifolius has also strong agronomic and economic potentialities and could be financially...
June 2018
Appropriate planting dates and plastic mulch for increasing common tomato varieties yield in South Texas
In South Texas, most of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crops are produced on plastic mulch due to the elevated temperatures and solar radiations. The study objectives were to; determine the suitable planting dates for increasing tomato varieties production under different planting dates in early spring and late winter, and evaluate the influence of using the plastic mulch (black and white. In the Spring season,...
June 2018
The complex distribution of plantain cultivars (Musa sp., AAB subgroup) in the Bas-Uele province of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Plantain is one of the most important sources of food in the African lowlands stretching from the lowlands of Guinea and Liberia to the central basin of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). Because plantain cultivars do not produce seeds, plantain cultivation is based on vegetatively transplanted lateral shoots/suckers. The way by which plantain reached the African continent is still under speculation. The aim...
June 2018
The effects of drought on rice cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa and its mitigation: A review
Drought is the primary cause of yield loss in agriculture throughout the world, and is currently the most common reason for global food shortages. Three-quarter of the most severe droughts in the last ten years have been in Africa, the continent which already has the lowest level of crop production and drought adaptive capacity. The increased incidences of drought and erratic rainfall have thrown small holder farmers in...
June 2018
Integrating crop and livestock in smallholder production systems for food security and poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa
The resource base that ensures food supply and the socio-economic component which depends on this resource base are the two major components that make up the food system in sub-Saharan Africa. The sequence of the food system is organized in a spatial flow framework of biomass base. The components of rural production system consist of food production biomass at homestead and farm level, and often at the communal base...
June 2018
Evaluation of new papaya hybrids
To augment a narrow genetic base in papaya, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of new hybrids produced by Caliman Agrícola® S.A. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with 12 treatments four replications and ten plants per plot. The treatments were the variety THB and the hybrids were CR1 × São Mateus, CR1 × 72/12, CR2 × São Mateus, CR3...
June 2018
Patterns of pre-weaning piglet mortality and economic losses in field condition
The study was purposively taken up with the objective to find out the patterns of pre-weaning piglet mortality and economic losses in field condition. The study was purposively taken up in Gorkhaland Territorial Administration area where pig farming is a common practice. The study shows that overall pre-weaning piglet mortality was 15.62% where it was slightly higher in exotic than indigenous breed. Highest pre-weaning...
June 2018
Performance of maize hybrids from a partial diallel in association with Azospirillum
One of the most prominent strategies to increase maize grain yield with a higher benefit/cost ratio and a lower environmental impact is the inoculation of plant growth-promoting bacteria. Among other factors, the success of the interaction plant-microorganism depends on genetic traits, therefore, selection of plant genotypes compatible with this association is extremely important to the viability of this technology....
June 2018
Microbial diversity as a soil quality indicator in agroecosystems in Brazilian Savannas
The importance of sustainable use of natural resources, especially of soil and water, has been a subject of increasing relevance. The increase of human activity in ecosystems has great impact on the dynamics of soil organisms. The comparison between cultivated systems and native areas without anthropic interference can be used as soil quality index. Microorganisms are ideal indicators because they are very sensitive to...
June 2018
Is quantitative genetics still necessary in this age of genomics?
Quantitative genetics and genomics are two different disciplines that have separate evolutions. The quantitative genetics has enormous applications and has contributed a lot in four main distinct fields of plant breeding, animal breeding, evolutionary genetics and human genetics. This field is based on study of inheritance patterns and their underlying mechanisms using biometrical or statistical methods. The analysis of...
June 2018
Efficiency of pre-inoculation of soybeans with Bradyrhizobium up to 60 days before sowing
The inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soybean crops allows the achievement of high crop yield by reducing or eliminating the application of nitrogen fertilizers. Pre-inoculation of seeds can reduce costs and increase the efficacy of this agricultural practice. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of pre-inoculation of soybean seeds with a commercial inoculant of Bradyrhizobium (RIZOLIQ...
June 2018
Effect of seed rate on upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedling emergence
The most important factor to achieving profitable cotton yields is obtaining a uniform stand of healthy and vigorously growing seedlings. Cotton seedling emergence highly depends on the number of seeds that are planted on the same planting station. The cotton seedling stalk is weak and may fail to push up and crack the soil in order to emerge. Therefore several seedlings put together may use the power of numbers to push...
June 2018
Soil organic carbon stock under different land use types in Kersa Sub Watershed, Eastern Ethiopia
Understanding and assessing soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) within the framework of greenhouse gas emissions and land degradation is so crucial in combating climate change and enhancing ecological restoration. The goal of this study was to quantify the current SOCS in major land use types in Kersa sub watershed, eastern Ethiopia. Replicated soil samples from 0 to 20, 20 to 40, and 40 to 60 cm depth were collected from...
June 2018
What factors influence performance of farmer groups? A review of literature on parameters that measure group performance
Farmers form and participate in groups in order to benefit socially and economically through collective activities. However, membership in groups alone is not enough to facilitate improvement of livelihoods, owing to the fact that only successful groups would be able to fully exploit their potential and meet the interests of their members. Understanding group performance is therefore a pertinent issue among social...
June 2018
An on-farm comparison of the agronomics and economics of irrigated maize production systems in the Somali Deyr season
Domestic production only supplies half of Somalia’s cereal requirements and more than half of the country’s population is considered food insecure. In this study, the Somali Agriculture Technical Group (SATG) used an on-farm participatory research approach to compare the economic viability and plant yield parameters of an improved maize production system (SATG system) with those of the traditional...
June 2018
The effect of velvet bean (Mucuna cinerea) extract on seedling growth of winter cereals
Some plants can have a beneficial or harmful effect on the germination and growth of other plants. This is known as the allelopathic effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of velvet bean (Mucuna cineruim) aqueous extract on germination and initial seedling growth of three winter cereals: white oat (Avena sativa), rye (Secale cereale) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). The...
June 2018
Response of taro (Colocasia esculenyta (L.)) to variation in planting density and planting dates on growth, radiation interception, corm and cormels yield in Southern Ethiopia
Taro production is mainly affected by agroecology, planting time and planting density. To this effect, a field study was conducted to determine influences of planting density and planting dates on growth, radiation interception and yields of taro (Colocasia esculenyta (L.)). The experiment was conducted using four levels of planting density (15037, 19607, 26666 and 38461 plants ha-1) and four planting dates from...
June 2018
Climate analysis for agricultural improvement of the Economic Community of West African States according to Köppen and Thornthwaite
The Economic Community of West African States (also known as ECOWAS from its name in French: Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine) is composed of eight countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. This study is restricted to ECOWAS because it stems from a survey mission headed by the second author and aims to characterize the climate of the territory...
June 2018
Estimation of amylose, protein and moisture content stability of rice in multi locations
Rice quality is measured of the rice grown on different five locations by an auto grain analyzer. Auto Grain analyzer works on the Near-Infrared transmittance (720 - 1100 nm). Protein, amylose and moisture contents of the rice samples of 9 fine lines were tested. Different environment tested entries were evaluated and found that all the values have highly significant effect of environment and genotypes. The environment...
June 2018
An agronomic approach to screen sugar and energy cane genotypes for drought tolerance
Sugarcane production can be affected by extreme environmental conditions, such as drought stress. This study focused on establishing a screening method to evaluate and select drought tolerant germplasm of Saccharum species. A new drought screening methodology is presented in this paper. A randomized block design experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with 2 months old seedlings of five genotypes of...
May 2018
In vitro regeneration of Treculia africana Decne. from embryo explants on different nutrients and sucrose conditions
The study is essential in reducing germination time of Treculia africana var. inversa. The effect of three different concentrations of sucrose namely 2, 3 and 4% were investigated on the in vitro regeneration of embryo explants of T. africana Decne. on the media of Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Gamborg et al. (B5) respectively without any growth regulator. The experimental design was a 2 × 5 factorial in a...
May 2018
Harnessing cultivar performance and stability for deploying superior groundnut plant types in the Lake Albert Crescent Zone of Uganda
Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are the second most important legume crops after beans, an important source of protein (23 to 25%), fats/oils (40 to 52%) and carbohydrates (10 to 20 %) and widely grown and consumed in Uganda including the Lake Albert Crescent Zone (LACZ). Due to susceptibility of local varieties to groundnut rosette, National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) through the National Semi Arid...
May 2018
Characterization and evaluation of volatile compounds of three grape varieties (Vitis labrusca) from the region of Bento Gonçalves – RS
In grape must, the aroma is an indication of adequate conservation status. It is able to indicate losses due to thermal degradation, besides representing a great contribution in the properties of the sensorial quality of the grape juices most appreciated by consumers. This study identified the volatile compounds in different must cultivars of Vitis labrusca grapes. The volatile composition was evaluated by the solid...
May 2018
Can early peroxidase quantification detect graft-compatible in anonaceous rootstocks?
This study aimed to quantify the class III peroxidase activity in young plants of different species belonging to Annonaceae botany family, with high potential as a rootstock, for early detection of graft-compatible atemoya (Annona x atemoya Mabb.). The experimental design was randomized block, that evaluated the species araticum-de-terra-fria (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer ‘variety terra-fria’),...
May 2018
Nutritive potential of amaranth weed grains
Amaranthus is a species with immense potential; however, information on its nutritional properties is limited, though widely cultivated in some countries. The objective of this work is to characterise the grains of three species of Amaranthus sp. aiming at their food potential, comparing two species considered as weed with a commercially grown species. The selected materials were cultivated and submitted to the same...
May 2018
Plant cover management and nitrogen fertilization in maize crop in a dystrophic red Latosol Brazilian Cerrado (Savannah)
An experiment was conducted in the agricultural year 2014/2015, aiming to evaluate the management of anticipated nitrogen fertilization, applied with a slow-release source in maize crop with two plant covers, in a Dystrophic Red Latosol. Matching the Oxisols in Soil Taxonomy and Ferralsols FAO/United States WRB (Unesco soil classification and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. Pennisetum glaucus (Pennisetum...
May 2018
Effect of splitting nitrogen fertilization on Tifton 85: Yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen nutritional status of plants and soil
This two year study aims to verify the necessity of splitting nitrogen (N) fertilization by assessing the effect of different N fertilization strategies (split and not split), on cultivated Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) accumulation rate and total dry matter (DM) production, as well as quantifying the levels of nitrate (NO3) in Red Dystrophic Oxisol. Research was carried out at the experimental unit of the Agronomic...
May 2018
Major biotic maize production stresses in Ethiopia and their management through host resistance
Biotic stresses are recently evolving very rapidly and posing significant yield losses of maize production in Ethiopia. A number of high yielding maize hybrids, initially developed as tolerant/resistant, have been taken out of production due to their susceptibility to major maize diseases. Furthermore, recent disease and insect pest epidemics have clearly shown the importance of breeding maize for biotic stresses and...
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