Resting and activity-related energy expenditure:Do formerly overweight women differ from their ever-lean counterparts?
December 2013
Weight loss relapse is common in reduced-overweight and reduced-obese persons. It is unclear whether adaptations in resting metabolism and activity-related thermogenesis may result in energy-sparing, thereby contributing to weight regain. We compared resting and daily activity-related energy expenditure in formerly overweight women (maintaining weight losses of ≥ 5%) to normal-weight, weight-stable...
In vivo evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity of the leaves of Azima tetracantha Linn
December 2013
The aqueous crude extract of the leaves of Azima tetracantha was studied for its phytochemical constituents and antidiarrhoeal activity using castor oil-induced diarrhoea and castor oil-induced enteropooling in rats. The phytochemical studies of the aqueous extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The extract showed significant (p < 0.001) protection against castor oil-induced...
Relationship between vitamin D and disease activity in some rheumatic diseases
October 2013
Most people are aware that vitamin D deficiency in young children can lead to rickets, a condition where the bones become weak and soft. Many of the benefits of vitamin D relate to its role in the modulation of immune system. So, vitamin D may play role in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. There are two groups: patients group and control group. The control group included 20 healthy volunteers. Patients group included...
Study of some chemical, physical, sensory and bacteriology characteristics of canned chicken meat imported to Sulaymaniyah markets, Iraq
October 2013
This study was conducted to assess the quality of imported four brands of canned chicken meat that were (A, B, C and D ) by using different quality standard inspection tests; these are, determination the chemical compositions of moisture, protein, fat, ash, energy and as well as studying the changes in the organoleptic characters represented by measuring peroxide value, free fatty acids, thiobarbituric acid and total...
Efficacy of leaf concentrate as micronutrient fortifier in the supplementary nutrition of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
September 2013
In developing countries like India, micronutrient deficiency especially of iron is most prevalent among children. Besides culminating into anemia, the consequences of iron deficiency are grave and affect the health and quality of life of the people and the nation as a whole. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of using leaf concentrate (LC), a novel food prepared from the extract of Lucerne grass for...
Assessment of the impact of malnutrition on children at Dilla referral hospital and unity pediatric clinic, Ethiopia
September 2013
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) arises as a consequence of a sudden period of food shortage and is associated with loss of a person’s body fat and wasting of their skeleton. Many nutrition are gained from foods, there are basic nutrient essential for the development of human body. Failing in human nutrition causes malnutrition. Malnutrition has great impact on children’s physical and mental growth....
Biological properties of Stevia sweetener and egg replacers’ products on serum biochemical markers of diabetic rats
September 2013
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effect of formulated diet containing wheat gluten and Stevia as egg and sweetener replacers in chemically induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were fed on either basal diet (BD) or formulated diet (FD) containing wheat gluten and Stevia for 30 days. Fasting plasma were subjected to analysis of glucose level biochemical markers as lipid profile,...
Modulation of xenobiotic metabolism in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) fed rats
September 2013
An association between diet and cancer has been documented only in recent decades. Biotransformation enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotics that may be bioactivated or bioinactivated. An in vivo experiment was conducted to study the effect of ginger feeding on drug metabolizing enzymes using NIN/male wistar rats. NIN/male wistar rats that were fed with ginger(G) incorporated diet...
The effects of copper supplement on zinc status, enzymes of zinc activities and antioxidant status in alloxan-induced diabetic rats fed on zinc over-dose diet
August 2013
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of copper supplementation on over-dose zinc in experimental diabetes. Male alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats of 12 weeks of age were divided into three groups. The first group received a diet containing 54 mg zinc/kg (control group), the second group received a diet containing 231 mg zinc/kg (Zn group), and the third group received a diet containing 231 mg...
Antioxidative properties and inhibition of some pro-oxidant induced lipid peroxidation by aqueous extract of two species of eggplants Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum melongena
August 2013
This study sought to determine the antioxidant activities and inhibitory effect of some egg plant species Solanum macrocarpon (yellow) and Solanum melongena (purple) on sodium nitroprusside and Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s pancreas. The totalphenolic, flavonoid and vitamin C content of the aqueous extracts were determined, as well as the antioxidant properties [ferric...
Evaluation of vegetable consumption in South Eastern Nigeria
June 2013
Vegetable consumption in the South East of Nigeria was evaluated with the objective of identifying the effects of cost and availability of vegetables in the areas and adequacy of consumption. A market survey was done in 9 markets spread across the zones including Anambra, Enugu and Ebonyi States. Questionnaires were used to assess 24 h vegetable consumption. The quantity of vegetable consumed was estimated indirectly...
Protective effect of vitamin C supplementation on oxonate-induced hyperuricemia and renal injury in rats
June 2013
Recent studies have suggested a potential direct role of mild hyperuricemia in development of chronic kidney disease independent of urate crystal formation. The present study was designed to investigate the possible anti-hyperuricemic and renoprotective effect of vitamin C, as a natural antioxidant with uricosuric property on a rat model with chronic mild hyperuricemia-induced nephropathy. A model of mild...
Physiological and anthropometric correlates of metabolic risk factors among selected non obese adults in Zaria, Northern Nigeria
June 2013
Recent publications on clinical definitions have transformed the metabolic syndrome from a physiological curiosity to a major focus of research, clinical and public health interests on non obese adults. The purpose of this study therefore, was to determine the relationship between anthropometrics and cardiometabolic variables that reflect the existence of metabolic syndrome among non obese adults. One hundred and...
Polyphenol-rich beverages promote a sustainable and renewable generation of energy and prevent neurotoxicity
March 2013
Polyphenol-rich beverages, formulations 1 and formulation 2 composed of herbal and berry extracts were developed. Their impact on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) responses was investigated in vitro and compared to that of well-known commercial drinks (Red Bull, Coca-Cola, Antioxia, Tetley green tea). Results show that mitochondrial activity, intracellular and extracellular ATP responses are impacted upon the...
Exclusive breastfeeding: Mothers’ awareness and healthcare providers’ practices during antenatal visits in Mvomero, Tanzania
March 2013
In Tanzania, about 42% of children below five years are stunted due to chronic malnutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) may be an effective strategy to protect infants from malnutrition. Therefore, it is important to disseminate accurate information on breastfeeding recommendations to pregnant women attending antenatal visits. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of exclusive breastfeeding among first...
A preliminary study on the estimation of nutrients and anti-nutrients in Oedaleus abruptus (Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
March 2013
Natural protein is being overexploited gradually because of a huge population boom.Grasshoppers may be a good food resource to overcome this problem. The present studyevaluated the nutritional quality and anti-nutritional factors that is, the proximate composition, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids and amino acid contents of Oedaleus abruptus. Results revealed that this species...
Various sources of animal protein intake and their association with muscle mass index and insulin resistance in overweight postmenopausal women
February 2013
Many epidemiological studies have observed a positive relationship between animal protein intake (API) and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, animal proteins are important in the aging population. Forty sedentary and healthy postmenopausal women were recruited in this study. Body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry method, DXA), 3-d dietary record (API) and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment,...
In vivo biochemical assessment of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter leaf)
February 2013
This research was carried out on the aqueous extracts of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) to evaluate its phytochemical, proximate and antioxidant composition and its effects in vivo on diabetes and obesity biomarkers, antioxidant and hematological profiles.The phytochemical screening of the bitter leaf extract showed a high concentration of flavonoids as the most abundant phytochemical present....
Fatty acid, amino acid, mineral and antioxidant contents of acha (Digitaria exilis) grown on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria
January 2013
Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf (also known as acha, hungry rice) has been cultivated for millennia in the dry savannahs of West Africa, but much remains to be learned about its nutritional properties. Acha was collected in four villages in Northern Nigeria and analyzed for fatty acids, minerals, amino acids and antioxidant content. Fatty acids accounted for 1.91% of the dry weight, with 47.4% linoleic acid and...
Effect of soya bean (Glycine max) on coagulation profile of New Zealand white rabbits
January 2013
The effect of differently cooked soya bean (Glycine max.) on some blood coagulation parameters was studied using forty (40) New Zealand white rabbits. The animals were grouped into four (A-D) groups of ten (10) rabbits each and fed 100% growers mash and water adlibitum for three (3) weeks. Group A (control) animals were maintained on the standard pelletized feed while group B, C and D Rabbits had 25% of their feed...
A positive role for selenium in mitigating complications associated with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats
December 2012
This study was designed to investigate the potential role of selenium on metabolic syndrome induced by fructose in rats. Thirty male Wister Albino rats weighing 185 to 225 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 10 rats each. The first group received water only and set as a control (GI). The second group received 20% fructose in drinking water daily (GII). Third group (GIII) received fructose 20% and...
Mineral nutrients of ‘pazhaya sadham’: A traditional fermented food of Tamil Nadu, India
December 2012
Traditionally, in Tamil Nadu, the fermented rice is a desirable staple food. It is prepared by overnight soaking of cooked parboiled rice in water. The main complementary role of fermentation is the bioenhancing or bioavailability of essential nutrients especially minerals through the enzymatic reduction of Phytate. In the present study, essential trace elements such as Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Sodium, Potassium and...
Enzymatic and haematological changes in rats fed owoh: A Nigerian condiment from fermented cotton seeds
November 2012
The proximate, energy, microbial load of two different owoh samples were determined using standard methods. The enzymatic, haematological and nutritional changes in rats fed owoh samples were also determined. The bacterial loads in the two owoh samples ranged between 4.5 × 106 and 7.5 × 107 cfu/g in Bacillus fermented owoh (BFO) and, 5.7 ×...
Isolation and proximate determination of protein using defatted sesame seed oil cake
November 2012
Sesame seed was used to extract oil and the cake, which has high amount of protein, was wasted after the extraction. Hence, the present study was done to isolate protein from defatted sesame seed oil cake and the nutrition content was determined. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) was used to isolate the protein; among the three BSS (British Standard Sieve) of the sesame seed...
The effect of sun and shade drying on chemical composition of Vitex doniana, Ipomoea aquatica and Cohcorus and their soups
September 2012
This study investigated the effect of sun and shade drying on chemical composition of African black plum “Uchakoro” (Vitex doniana) Bush okro leaf “Ewedu” (Corchorus) and wild lettuce “yaririn” (Ipomoea aquatica) vegetables and their soap meals. These vegetables were bought in bulk from Ibaji Local market in Kogi State, Nigeria. The foods were washed with clean water, plucked from the...
Chemical composition of an ecotype tilapia of Epe lagoon commonly called ‘“Wesafuâ€â€™
September 2012
The chemical composition of wild and domesticated “Wesafu”, an ecotype cichlid found abundantly in Epe Lagoon fisheries in Lagos, south-western coast of Nigeria and a private fish farm in Badagry, Lagos, was investigated for proximate, mineral, fatty acid and amino acid compositions. The proximate compositions of the two specimens were found to be similar except for crude protein contents of 16.80 and 19.51%...
Problems encountered by breastfeeding mothers in their practice of exclusive breast feeding in tertiary hospitals in Enugu State, South-east Nigeria
August 2012
This study determined the knowledge of mothers about exclusive breast feeding (EBF), identified the difficulties associated with psycho-socio-cultural values and investigated other problems the mothers encountered. Using a convenience sampling technique, 240 women were selected from the study population (800). Researcher’s developed questionnaire was used to collect data which were analyzed using descriptive...
Protective effect of the combination of exercise and curcumin supplementation on cardiac system in rats exposed to lead
August 2012
Effects of exercise training and curcumin supplementation, alone or combined on cardioprotective markers in left ventricle were investigated in rats during chronic exposure to lead acetate. Forty (40) male rats were randomly assigned to; sham (Sh), training + lead (TL), curcumin + lead (CL), training + curcumin + lead (TCL), and lead (L) groups. Heat shock protein (HSP72) and enzyme activities were determined in rat...
Determinants of nutritional behaviour of secondary school students in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
July 2012
The researchers’ purpose in the study was to assess the determinants of nutritional behaviour of secondary schools students in Akwa Ibom State, using a descriptive survey design. Five research questions and three null hypotheses were verified in the study. The determinants of nutritional behaviour (DNB)” questionnaire was used to collect data from a multi-stage simple random sample of 450 drawn from the 1320...
Study on changes of nutritional and organoleptic quality of flavored candy prepared from aonla (Emblica officinalis G.) during storage
July 2012
Aonla is an important crop indigenous to Indian subcontinent which is used in alternative medicine, health foods and herbal products. It has got great potential in processed forms but little information is available regarding the dehydration and storage quality of aonla. The aonla fruits of each cultivar (Krishna, NA-7, NA-10 and Chakkaiya) were washed and blanched in boiling water containing 2% alum for 8 to...
Toxicological evaluation of oregano oil
June 2012
The present study evaluated the mutagenic and toxicological potential of a proprietary organic oregano/olive oil mix sold under the trade name Oreganano™. The test article was investigated for its potential to induce gene mutations according to the plate incorporation and preincubation test by Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, 100, 1535 and 1537 and tester strain Escherichia coli WP2uvrA at...
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: The balance between energy production and genetic material repair in cyanogenic toxicity response
June 2012
The adult neurons are entirely dependent on aerobic metabolism involving the glycolytic pathway. The primary transport mechanism of glucose have been found to be dependent of exchange with glutamate, while the glutamate thus released is converted into glutamine by the surrounding astrocytes. In the metabolism of the glucose taken up by the neurons, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase converts the glucose-6-phosphate into...
Antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of three mushroom species, Lentinus squarrosulus Mont., Volvariella esculenta (Massee) Singer and Pleurocybella porrigens (Pers.) Singer
May 2012
The antioxidant properties of three mushroom samples, namely, Lentinus squarrosulus, Volvariella esculenta and Pleurocybella porrigens were investigated. The antioxidant activities, 2, 2- diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, reducing powers, amount of total phenolic compounds and flavonoid concentration of the extracts were determined. The mushroom samples showed...
Nutritional status, bacterial vaginosis and cervical colonization in women living in an urban slum in India
May 2012
The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and cervical colonization, and association of bacterial vaginosis with serum nutrients were determined in women living in slum areas of Hyderabad, India. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed based on Nugents’ score. Cervical infections with human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus type 2, Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma...
Proximate composition and breeding description of an unidentified Cichlid of Epe Lagoon, Lagos, Southwest, Nigeria commonly called ‘Wesafu’
April 2012
A common cichlid of the Epe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria is an important food fish and viable candidate for culture in meeting the millennium goal and vision 2020 in the subregion. The intense fisheries of this ecotype also pose a conservation issue. The comparative protein contents of the cichlid fishes were 21.80, 18.34, 19.13, 18.71 and 18.08% for Wesafu,Sarotherodon galileaus, Sarotherodon melanotheron, Tilapia...
Need of education and awareness towards zinc supplementation: A review
March 2012
Zinc is an essential trace element and thus zinc deficiency may severely affect human health. Zinc supplementation is commonly used to prevent and treat human diseases due to zinc deficiency. Many studies published proved zinc supplementation as a boon for preventing and treating diseases related with zinc deficiency whereas in some cases adverse affects of excess zinc supplementation have also been reported, which...
Antioxidant activity of some wild edible plants of Meghalaya state of India: A comparison using two solvent extraction systems
March 2012
The objective of the present study was to find out the antioxidant potential of some wild edible plants, traditionally used by the local people of Meghalaya state in India and also to investigate the effect of solvent extraction system (aq. methanol and acetone) on the total phenolic, flavonoids and flavonols content, reducing power and antioxidant activity of the plants. The total phenol content varied from...
Dietary diversity, micronutrient intake and their variation among black women in informal settlements in South Africa: A cross-sectional study
February 2012
This study assessed dietary diversity, its relation to micronutrient intake and variability between age-groups among women 19–69 years from informal settlements of Gauteng province, South Africa. The study was cross-sectional, involving 260 women. Dietary intake was obtained from 24-hour recall data, and Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) from Food Frequency Questionnaire, calculated based on 9 food groups and 80...
Antagonistic salubrious effects of Tahitian Noni in Momordica charantia-induced cytoarchitectural alterations in rat testes: Parallel light microscopic findings
February 2012
Drug interaction is a situation in which a substance affect the activity of another to either increased or decreased its outcome. It could also produce an entirely new effect. To determine if addition of Tahitian Noni dietary supplement can alleviate Momordica charantia-induced testicular alterations in Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty adult male 16 - 20 weeks’ old Sprague-Dawley rats randomized into 6 groups...
Food and nutrition education; elaboration of a guide for children of 6 to 12 years
January 2012
A qualitative description of the food situation for 2196 Algerian healthy school childrenaged 6 to 12 years (Constantine, Jijel, Touggourt) by a qualitative meta-analysis. Our aim is to compare the observed and recommended diet (2001) to correct some food errors (quantity, quality, behaviour) with recommendations for nutrition education as a guide for children to prevent communicable diseases related to diet;...
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activities of some Oxovanadium(IV) complexes: Examples of low IC50 values
January 2012
α-Glucosidase inhibition measurements have been made on oxovanadium(IV) complexes of eight Schiff base ligands. Three of the complexes show exceptionally low IC50 values: VO(sal-anl)2 = 2.105 µM, VO(sal-mxyanl)2 = 1.26 µM and VO(sal-ntranl)2 = 1.26 µM. In-vivo experiments for antihyperglycemic activity carried out on one of these complexes, viz.,...
The acute cytotoxicity and lethal concentration (LC50) of Agaricus sylvaticus through hemolytic activity on human erythrocyte
January 2012
There is limited information regarding acute toxicity and lethal concentration of edible and medicinal mushrooms. The objective of this paper is to estimate the cytotoxicity of the aqueous extract of Agaricus sylvaticus mushroom on human erythrocytes by determining the lethal average concentration (LC50). Six concentrations of the mushroom (17, 8.5, 4.25, 2.125, 1.0625 and 0.5312 mg/mL) were submitted for...
Toxicologic evaluation of a plant food concentrate
December 2011
The present study evaluated the mutagenic and toxicologic potential of a proprietary greens product sold under the trade names: All Greens®, Enriching GreensÒGreengevity®. This is a plant food concentrate of berry and enriched greens extract. An in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, showed no toxic effects in any of the five tester strains used up to the highest dose group evaluated...
Oyster mushroom ameliorates liver function during ramadan fast reflected by reducing the serum level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase of male volunteers
November 2011
During the holy Arabic month Ramadan, the quality of food and the patterns of eating and drinking are changed as well as stopped for at least 10 to 16 h on the basis of lunar calendar. The effects of exercise and fasting solely or combined on metabolic and hematologic responses are well established. The purpose of the present study was to find out the effects of Ramadan fasting on hepatic dysfunction marker enzymes such...
Low phenylalanine pasta
November 2011
Four formulas were prepared for production of low phenylalanine pasta suitable for phenylketonuria (PKU) patients. The formulas were based on partial replacement of wheat flour with different levels of corn starch. Pectin and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were added as a texture modifier. Chemical composition, amino acids, dough characteristics, color attributes, cooking quality, electron microscopic examination and...
Production, in vitro protein digestibility, phytate content and acceptability of weaning foods prepared from pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoideum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
October 2011
Weaning food blends prepared from fermented pearl millet/roasted cowpea in 70:30 and 60:40 ratios were evaluated for their nutritional values. The pearl millets used were SOSAT C-88 (an improved variety) and a local variety (unimproved), while the cowpea used was the Borno red. Standard methods were used for the analysis. Processing of the grains resulted in lower levels of phytic acid and higher in...
Visceral adiposity in Saudi females and its relationship to diet and serum adipocytokine levels
October 2011
To investigate the relationship between visceral fat, habitual dietary intake and circulating levels of three adipokines in Saudi females. A total of 127 apparently healthy female students were randomly recruited from Medicine College at KAU, Saudi Arabia. Anthropometric measurements were performed and a questionnaire was used to assess demographic variables, general health, medication use and dietary intake....
Comparative evaluation of antioxidant effects of watermelon and orange, and their effects on some serum lipid profile of Wister albino rats
September 2011
The comparative antioxidant effects of watermelon and orange, and their effects on serum (high density lipoproteins) HDL-cholesterol and (low density lipoproteins) LDL-cholesterol in normal rats given varying doses of the juices were investigated. 120 g/70 kg body weight was used as the standard dose, and the animals were given the normal dose, × 1.5, and × 2.0 of the normal dose, orally, for a period of six...
Evaluation of nutrient composition of African melon oilseed (Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin) for human nutrition
September 2011
Protein deficiency is prevalent among children and even adults in developing countries, especially in African countries and contributes to immune dysfunction, opportunistic infections and mortality. The goal of this project is to search for a cheaper and sustainable plant based source of protein that can be incorporated in the diet to prevent protein deficiency and other essential nutrients. African melon oil seeds...
Effect of cinnamon and garlic on hyperlipidemics
August 2011
Spices have been used to preserve food, enhance their flavour and as remedies for a long list of ailments and are effective in controlling serum lipids. The objectives were to analyze the nutritive value and active principles of cinnamon and garlic, prepare the respective spice capsules and to supplement the diets of hyperlipidemics with the spice capsules for a period of three months. A group of 45 mild to moderate...
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