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Climate change is seen as one of the most persistent problems in Zambia, affecting socio-economic development. The study’s main objective was to assess the effectiveness of farmers adaptation to climate extremes. Primary data was collected from 270 smallholder farmers using structured questionnaires. Descriptive analysis, showed some systematically different characteristics between adapters and the non-adapters. Also,...
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The effects of geographical locations on the chemical characterization of Erkence olive oil variety which cultivated in six different locations were evaluated in the west of Turkey. The agricultural ecological map of each location was created using GIS. Olive oil samples were analyzed fatty acid, sterol and phenolic and also, LC IMS Qtof spectrometer and Progenesis QI software were used to determine the geographical...
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Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of various fertilizer placements on nutrient uptake, growth responses, storage root yield and leaf elemental concentration of Whatley/Loretan sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Vine cuttings were transplanted into 6.1 m rows with 0.3 m in-row spacing in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The fertilizer placement treatments comprised broadcast...
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Wheat is one of the oldest and most important cereal crops. Common wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), and club wheat (T. compactum) are the most important wheat species. The low productivity is attributed to several factors in which biotic factors are among the major constraints in wheat productivity and production. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between grain yield and major stem...
Phosphorus management issues for crop production: A review
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Phosphorus(P) is an essential element for plant growth. On account of its low solubility in soil, P is often a limiting factor to optimum crop growth and therefore P fertilisation is an important aspect of nutrient management plans to ensure profitable and sustainable crop production. Plant P availability is controlled by sorption, desorption and precipitation of P from P released during weathering of P minerals and...
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Feed database serves as basic decision support tools required for feed improvement. The objective of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of major feed resources available in Adwa district of central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Representative feed samples were collected from nine major feed resources. The samples were analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro dry...
Status and management of coffee plantations in Burundi: reasons to worry
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Coffee is an important cash crop for smallholder farmers and provides more than 80 % of hard currency in Burundi. To highlight coffee growing conditions, agronomic practices and coffee yield, a survey was carried out in Buyenzi, Kirimiro and Mumirwa natural regions of Burundi in 2008. Data on coffee yield, age after planting or after rejuvenation and agricultural practices were collected through interview with coffee...
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The adoption of rope and washer water-lifting technology is influenced by several factors though it is suitable, easy to operate and maintain, and is multipurpose technology. The main objective of this study is to assess the status of adoption Rope and Washer water-lifting Technology and its Effect on household income. Data were collected by employing quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques like household...
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The effects of diet with different inclusion levels of baobab seed meal inclusions on the growth and gross margin analysis of Clarias gaiepinus fingerlings was evaluated under a controlled laboratory condition. Five inclusion levels of Baobab Seed Meal (BSM) to replace soya bean meal were studied at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% dietary protein. The experimental diets were uniform by targeting 40% crude protein with energy...
Study on the Optimum Nutrient Solution Concentration for the Growth of Mint (Mentha genus)
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Mint (Mentha genus) is an herbaceous herb that is fragrant useful for centuries with spices and medicinal herbs. Study on optimum nutrient solution sufficient to meet the plants’ demands regarding soilless culture of mint would be helpful for its application in plant factory, but was less reported. In current study, 0.5 fold (×), 0.75×, 1.0×, and 1.25× concentrations of Yamazaki formula nutrient solution were applied to...
Mapping Livestock census and crop performance in Pakistan
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Livestock and crops subsectors play a pivotal role in agrarian economy of Pakistan. Livestock contributes approximately 60.56% in agricultural value addition and almost 11.69% to the gross domestic product (GDP). The crops subsector constitutes of 21.73 percent serves as a basic accelerator of growth in agriculture sector as well as overall GDP. Therefore, to analyze the performance of livestock population and area under...
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Potato is the secondary non-cereal crop in Ethiopia, of which around 1,288,146 household farmers depend on it. Potato harvesting is practiced using animal-drawn local plough (Maresha) and hand hoe, which is characterized by high man-hour requirement, drudgery, and considerable losses through tuber damage and inefficient exposure. Thus, a single axle tractor-operated potato digger elevator was designed, fabricated and...
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This 10-week study evaluated effects of graded levels of Gut Balance Booster (GBB) on performance of weanling pigs. Thirty-six Large White X Landrace piglets, aged six weeks were randomly assigned into four groups of 9 piglets. Each treatment was replicated thrice with three piglets in a replicate. They were fed diet A (normal starter diet without GBB), diet B (starter diet with GBB at 1.00 Kg/ton), diet C (starter diet...
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The unexpected outbreak of novel COVID-19 in late 2019 and continually spread across the world has disrupted the agricultural value chain. The World Health Organization (WHO) prescribed border closure, lockdown, social distancing, wearing a mask, and handwashing to combat the pandemic. These control measures, especially the closure of borders, have affected the importation and supply of fertilizer for crop production. The...
Impact of row spacing on soybean morphological parameters and yield.
Article in Press
Abstract: The variable distribution of soybean seeds in rows can reduce the final stand and compromise grain yield. This article assesses the impact of seed distribution on the morphological characteristics of some plants and on the final yield of soybeans. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the federal university of santa maria, frederico westphalen campus, in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil, in...
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Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the most important legume crop in Ethiopia and the most single subsistence crop after the stable cereals. However its production is hampered by various biotic, abiotic and socio-economic factors. Among the biotic constraints, a new emerging disease known as Faba bean gall (Olpidium viciae) has become a serious threat to faba bean production in the country. Thus, field experiment was conducted...
Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Mitotic Activity in Allium cepa L.
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The need to determine the mutagenic ability of waste waters from pharmaceutical industry is on the rise. With the aid of macro and micro assay of the root tip, this study was carried out to assess the genotoxic effects of varied concentrations of three pharmaceutical effluents (Ciprofloxacin, Arthemetrin and Psuedophedrin) on Allium cepa root tip during mitosis. The chemical evaluation of the effluents confirmed the...
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Drought is one of the most common abiotic stresses affecting the productivity of wheat in Ethiopia. In this study, a total of sixty-four elite spring bread wheat genotypes from the International Center of Agricultural Research for Dry Areas (ICARDA) were used to identify drought-tolerant bread wheat genotypes. The experiment was laid out in 8*8 simple lattice designs under normal and stressed conditions at Werer...
Evaluation of Doyogena Sheep community-based breeding programs in southern Ethiopia
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of smallholder farmers on the ongoing community-based breeding programs (CBBPs). The survey data were collected from 236 households of 118 CBBPs participant farmers and 118 non-participants sheep keeping farmers. The survey data were analyzed using index and SPSS. The evaluation result revealed that, CBBP is acceptable and workable in the community. The direct...
Assessment of Rainfall and Temperature Variability on Maize Production in Kaduna State
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Rainfall and temperature are important requirements in crop production. Any variation in the distribution of these elements mark influence on the productivity of most crops including maize. This study assessed rainfall and temperature variability on maize production from 1999 to 2016 in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Data for this study were obtained mostly from secondary sources. These data include temperature, rainfall and maize...
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Optimal nutrient application is required for sustainable crop production and farm profitability in Ethiopian smallholder farmer. In this study, N, P and K requirement of maize was estimated for the current and future maize production levels in East Shewa and Jimma zones of Ethiopia. Current yield was assessed from Spatial Production Allocation Model (SPAM) database and yield responses and agronomic N, P and K use...
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This study was conducted to reveal the effect of white ginger (Mondia whitei) root on haematological indices and serum biochemistry of starter broiler chickens. A 28-day feeding trial was conducted using a total of One hundred and fifty Arbor Acre broiler chicken. The birds were divided into five dietary groups with three replicates of ten birds. The dietary groups were control (basal diet), M. whitei meal (MWM) + basal...
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Nitrogen is the most yield-limiting nutrient for maize crop growth and development as in the most soil kinds and it needs effective management to enhance crop production. Adoption of appropriate management may overcome N loss and enhance its use efficiency in crops which are associated with soil and crop management and include appropriate source and application time. Thus, a field experiment was done to determine mineral N...
Cocoa pods and seeds characteristics of different hybrid varieties in Southeastern Ghana
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We determined the characteristics of the cocoa pods and seeds using three clonal varieties namely C 67, C 85 and PA 150. We purposively selected the cocoa pods, weighed and grouped into large size, medium size and small size cocoa pods. The number of seeds per pod was high in clone PA 150 in large cocoa pod size. Average fresh seed weight was high in clone 67 while length of pod of cocoa was high in medium cocoa pod size...
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Sorghum is an important crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity is low owing to lack of farmer-preferred and stable improved varieties. To identify suitable cultivars, multi-environment evaluation of sorghum genotypes was carried out at four locations for two years. The result of AMMI ANOVA showed that genotype (G), environment (E) and Genotype-environment interaction (G×E) significantly (P
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A survey was conducted in Maiduguri during the 2016 cropping season to identify the serotypes and distribution of Okra Leaf Curl Disease on okra plants to cover 30 major okra growing areas in Maiduguri. The confirmation of serotypes of the virus was performed using African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV) and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) antibodies obtained from Deutche Sammlang von Mikroorganism and Zeckulturan (DSMZ)...
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This study determined the antioxidant activity of Capsicum frutescens powder and its effect on sensory and carcass characteristics of local chickens fed with either cotton seed cake or sunflower seed diets for thirty seven days. The birds were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (0%, 1.1%, 2.2%, and 4.4%) of C. frutescens powder. For cotton seed cake diets, 15 birds were replicated thrice per treatment whereas the...
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The yield potential of commercial maize hybrids fully expressed in F1 generation, results from the cross of two inbred lines. However the yield of each line is too low unless their yields have improved with improved management, optimum density with optimum nutrition. Based on this fact, a field experiment was conducted at Bako research farm for two years (2019 and 2020) to determine the optimum plant density and nitrogen...
Effect of Entrepreneurial Behaviour on Small Scale Potato Farm Performance: Evidence from Kenya
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Over the years, small scale potato farm enterprises have recorded low potato productivity and profitability. This poor performance could be attributed to poor entrepreneurial culture and skills, and low entrepreneurial behaviour portrayed by the small scale potato farmers. This paper models the effect of entrepreneurial behaviour on the performance of small scale potato farm enterprises in a high density potato producing...
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Irrigated agriculture is a major human activity, which often leads to secondary salinization of land and water resources in arid and semi-arid conditions. Soil salinity is an enormous problem for agriculture under irrigation as it affects the growth and development of plants in Ethiopia; the problem is widespread in the rift valley areas where middle Awash and Amibara irrigated farms are present. Therefore, this study was...
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Pests and diseases are key biotic constraints limiting banana production among smallholder farmers in Eastern and Central Africa. Global warming as a result of the changing climatic conditions may favour pest and disease development and further exacerbate the vulnerability of these smallholder farmers to these biotic constraints. Gathering information on the extent of potential climate change effects on pests and pathogens...
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In order to prevent a Shea seed from germination when stored, a preservation technology was adopted using white transparent polythene bags of 500mm gauge, perforated brown envelope of big size, and Black polythene bags of 500mm guage. The results revealed that the Shea seeds preserved in the white transparent polythene bags retained their viability for six months which can then be used by experienced/professional...
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Injecting improved varieties of quality seed to the existing informal seed system through a crowdsourcing approach is one way to ensure many basket preference options for farmers’ choice. To strengthen the system, ten improved varieties of food barley were deployed to 150 farmers who were selected from three Kebeles; three varieties were randomly provided to each farmer. Farmers’ preferences in terms of earliness and...
Water stress affects physio-morphological development of tomato grown in pots.
Article in Press
Water for Agricultural purposes is increasingly becoming limited owing to global climatic change and increased demand from other uses such as household water users, industries, and the environment. Tomato is an herbaceous crop that needs an adequate amount of water for growth and yield optimization. This experiment was conducted in pots in a greenhouse to examine the effect of water stress on the growth, yield, and...
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Termites play key roles in the ecosystems functioning, especially in the recycling of organic matter. However, few are considered pests because they cause damages to crops and wooden structures. Long based on the use of synthetic pesticides, the control of pestiferous termites is now focused on environmental friendly means including the use of plant extracts. Here, powder, acetonic and ethanolic extracts of Ctenium elegans...
Understanding the effects of COVID-19 on food security in Ghana
Article in Press
The relationship between hunger and poverty has become clear with the outbreak of the coronavirus. Restricted people movement and border closures used to control the spread of the virus have implications for food security. Governments are challenged with allocating their scarce resources to cover additional healthcare costs and social protection expenditures which did not exist before. The Food and Agriculture Organization...
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta) remains one of the most important and widely grown food crops in tropical region which has persistently contributed food security and economy. Cassava roots deteriorate rapidly within 40-48 hours after harvest, due to physiological factors and microbial infection. Fresh roots storage is a huge challenge, there is thus a pressing need to process tubers into some stable form as soon as they are...
Article in Press
There was no variety released for table grape production in Ethiopia while the national demand for table grape is increasing. The aim of this research was to evaluate and recommend table grape genotypes on yield and yield related traits. The study was conducted in central rift valley at Awash Winery vineyard with six table grape genotypes. Genotypes were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three...
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The research goal is to evaluate the rhizobia and mycorrhiza application on Cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata L) cv. Carita Blanco growth. The experiments were developed at Calixto García municipality, Cuba. It was done from April to June 2020, on brown Sialitic soil without carbonate. This design was a random block with three treatments (control, Rhizobium, Rhizobium + Mycorrhizas). It entailed indicators measurement during...
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Extension training is intended to increase the efficiency and performance of the human resource that acts responsibly in a society based on a communication interaction with knowledge sources. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of training farmers on banana production value addition among smallholder farmers in Meru and Tharaka–Nithi Counties. The study adopted a pragmatic paradigm and a...
Wage Labor in the rice cultivation areas near Lake Victoria in Western Kenya.
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Rice is now the most rapidly growing food commodity in sub-Saharan Africa. This growth is mainly driven by urbanization. There is substantial research on the wage labor dynamics in rice production in Asia, but in Africa, there is limited analysis of the labor used in rice cultivation—the attributes, numbers, and costs—which makes it difficult to understand the actual market, such as how products are procured. This study...
Article in Press
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of N on the agronomic characteristics of soybean crop under no-tillage system over forage sorghum intercropped with U. ruziziensis and on straw degradation. Four treatments (nitrogen doses) were used: 0; 20; 40 and 60 kg of N ha-1. N were applied at V3-V4 stage, using ammonium nitrate as the N source, containing 30% N. The experimental design was a randomized block...
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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a widely grown leguminous crop in Ghana. This study was conducted using four varieties of cowpea based on the colour of the seed coat namely; Red, Brown, Black and Cream cowpea varieties. These cowpea varieties were subjected to three different watering regimes namely normal, moderate and severe water stress regimes. These different watering regimes were used as potential screening...
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Thirty-six soil samples collected from 24 sites were used to investigate the relationships between cation-ratio concepts and sufficiency level approaches in plant nutrition. Based on threshold values, about 25.0% of the soils had calcium:magnesium (Ca:Mg)-ratio fallen outside the favorable range, despite the sufficient levels of individual elements in soils, violating the base cation ratio concept. Similarly, 63.0% of...
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Ethiopia is the homeland and center of genetic diversity of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L., Rubiaceae). Getting more information on genetic variability is a prerequisite for further improvement of coffee (Coffea arabica L.).A field experiment was conducted at Awada Agricultural Research Sub-Center, Ethiopia, to study the magnitude of phenotypic diversity among southern coffee (Coffea arabica L.) germplasm accessions...
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The Cypress aphid (Cinara cupressivora) is considered as one of the most important invasive pests in the world attacking Cupressaceae family. In Ethiopia it has caused over US$10 million worth of damage to Cypress plantations across the country. The recent study was done on assessment of Cypress aphid infestation and its natural enemies on cypress plantation of Jibat and Gedo district, Oromia region, Ethiopia. The general...
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The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jidokombolcha (ATJK), Bora, Dodola, Shala and Negele-Arsi districts with objective to assess main cattle feed resources, water sources and housing systems. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to conduct survey. About 240 respondents were identified using random sampling techniques. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 24. Study result...
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Currently, a Eucalyptus globulus is a common smallholder plantation species in the Wogera district. The species is significantly expanding on marginal and fertile farmlands. The objective is to analyze the effects of Eucalyptus globulus woodlots plantation and their directions on selected soil physicochemical properties and yield of wheat crop. Three woodlots with similar site conditions were selected for this particular...
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Chilli in Bhutan is an indispensable cash crop, commonly consumes as vegetable. However, chilli in commercial scale is the rain-fed farming due to which farmers are not able to produce sufficient amount. Moreover, limited landholding with confine cultivation attributes less yield. Therefore, intensive farming using intercropping of chilli with beans and pruning of chilli in two raised bed techniques were assessed for...
Seed germination and morphological characterization of traditional leafy vegetables.
Article in Press
Traditional leafy vegetables provide affordable sources of micronutrients to many people in Zimbabwe. They are produced by smallholder farmers with limited knowledge on the agronomic value of high-quality seed and the seed is rarely tested to determine its quality. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the germination of seeds of three traditional leafy vegetables sourced from five different farmers and the...
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