Adoption of the improved sorghum variety (melkame) in the west hararghe, mieso district
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Sorghum bicolor, also known as sorghum, is a type of grass grown for its grain. A study was conducted to identify the factors that affect the adoption of the Melkam sorghum variety in the Mieso district. The primary data was collected from 160 randomly selected respondents, and econometric models were used to analyze the relationship between various factors and the adoption of the Melkam sorghum variety. Descriptive and...
Assessing rice farmers' production constraints and variety preferences in areas affected by salinity
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a strategic and priority commodity for food security in Tanzania. The objective of this study was to assess farmers’ rice production problems and the preferred traits for improvement in areas affected by salinity in the country. The study was conducted in rice-producing areas of Kilosa, Iringa, and Moshi districts. Farmers were interviewed using structured questionnaires and other participatory...
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The adoption of vermicompost technology has increased significantly in modern times as consumer awareness of issues such as food quality, environmental safety and soil protection has increased. However, there is little in-depth empirical research on the economic aspects of soil conservation. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the vermicompost technology on the food security of small holder cropping...
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Intercropping has benefited the global agricultural sector in several ways. It is a critical farming practice for long-term productivity, agro-ecological improvement, land management and land use. It is a well-known method to increase soil health and crop productivity. Mixtures of cereals and legumes are used extensively for forage production. Mix between maize (Zea mays) and soya bean (Glycine max L.) were used to...
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This article analyses the trends in the production and utilization of extension packages for major cereal crops, including maize, barley, wheat, tef, and sorghum, by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia between the 2003/04 and 2020/21 Meher cropping seasons. Data from the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) published in the past two decades were utilized to analyze the growth rate of major cereal crops, the number of...
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Given the dependency of red meat production on water-depleting fodder crops, this research aimed to measure the impact of the nutritional sovereignty of red meat on water consumption in the agricultural sector. The most important findings of this study reveal that the total water used in the production of red meat amounted to 46.68 billion cubic meters, representing 10.14% of the total water consumption in the agricultural...
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The study was conducted to investigate husbandry practice as well as the reproductive and productive performance of local chicken. According to the analysis of respondents' educational levels, 65 (54.17%) of them can write and read. The fact that 92 of the respondents (76.67%) had a married marital status shows that poultry can be a source of employment and income for families. For this study, a total of 120 native chicken...
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The genetic performance of a crop is significantly influenced by its environment, including factors like soil, temperature, disease pressure, drought, and precipitation. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate genotypes across diverse environments to identify stable varieties that best fit the intended area. In South West and West Shewa zones of Ethiopia, eight nationally released bread wheat varieties were collected from...
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Limited attention is given to transform agriculture through environmentally friendly and climate smart technologies in study area. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors that affect the farmer’s decision to adopt the sustainable cropland practices in study area. Then, a demographic, socio-economic, institutional and physical factor was collected from 196 randomly selected households in...
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The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the symbiotic performance of a collection of 10 Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains on the growth and yield attributes of 5 groundnut varieties. The screening was conducted in the greenhouse using seeds of the varieties Essamay, Amoul Morom, 55-437, Fleur 11 and Sunu Gaal grown in 1.5 kg pots with Sangalkam soils. Leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, number...
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Cultural methods such as intercropping can be applied to manage insect pests and reduce the problems caused by use of insecticides. An experiment was carried out in Ward 1 of Hurungwe District, in Zimbabwe at Muchbinding Farm to investigate the management of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) in Rape (Brassica napus) by intercropping rape with garlic (Allium sativum). A randomized complete block design with four...
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The present study was conducted with 120 germplasm of linseed (Linumusitatissimum L) including six checks, to assess the extent and pattern of genetic divergence. The experiment was conducted in Alpha lattice Design at Holeta and Kulumsa Research Centers, highlands of Ethiopia during rainfed season 2019/20. The genetic diversity was estimated by Mahalanobis D2statistics and the genotypes were grouped into four clusters...
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Vermicomposting is a Biotechniques and vermicompost are a good superlative for organic farming. The aim of present study was to evaluate supplement of nutrient from Pisum sativum, Guizotia abyssinica and Eragrostis tef through the process of vermicompost employing Eisenia fetida to treat soil acidity and maintain soil fertility and to enhance farmer’s crop productivity. The prepared for laboratory analysis and...
Reviewing Impacts of Organic Farming in Promoting Soil Fertility and Biodiversity Conservation
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The objective of reviewing organic farming impact on soil fertility and biodiversity conservation was to get an updated scientific understanding, evidence-based decision-making, comparative analysis, conservation, sustainability, and continuous improvement. Inorganic agricultural farm-ing is a conventional or industrial farming system by utilizing synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically modified organisms to...
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Maize is the main staple food crop and dominates farming systems in Malawi. Maize farming covers 92% of Malawi’s arable land contributing to 54% of national caloric intake. For this reason, the Government has over the decades implemented annual fertilizer subsidy programs for maize production as a key strategy to achieving food security. However, national fertilizer (Basal 23:10:5+6S+1Zn and Top 46%N) remains the only...
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Lack of suitable varieties that exhibit stable yield performances across wide ranges of environments is the major factor among several production constraints contributing to low productivity of linseed in Ethiopia. Thirteen linseed genotypes were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at six linseed major growing agro-ecologies of Northern, central and Southeastern Ethiopia (Werabe, D\Markos,...
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Increasing maize productivity for small landholder farmers has a big potential to uplift the living standards of poor household through increasing production and consumption. This study, therefore, examined the determinants of productivity and market access among smallholder maize farmers in Bilate Zuria woreda using the Probit model and Cobb Douglass production functions. The socio-economic results found that the average...
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The experiment was conducted in Uganda 2013, in two locations; National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) in Namulonge representing the lowland at 1150 meters above sea level, and Buginyanya Zonal Agricultural Research Development Institute (BugiZARDI) in Buginyanya located in highlands sites in Eastern Uganda at >1750 m.a.s.l. A total of 4800 botanical seeds collected from 24 half-sib families were planted in...
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A study aiming at enhancing the production and productivity of small-scale family poultry production system in urban and peri-urban areas, through demonstration and evaluation of dual purpose chicken breed conducted in Shashemene and Kuyera districts. In the study, five households (HHs) were involved and two days training on basic chicken management (health and nutrition) given at HH level. Each HH received 50 a day-old...
Generation mean analysis of fruit yield and yield related traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
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Information on gene actions controlling the expression of traits from generation mean analysis is critical for developing heterotic hybrids and/or selection of lines from segregating generations. The study was conducted under irrigation condition at West Wallega Zone Gimbi Destric from October 2020 to June 2021. Two extremely different lines viz. ARP tomato d2 (Floradado) (fresh market tomato) with higher TSS, pH value,...
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Investigations were conducted to study the impact of Xylocopa olivacea on Vigna unguiculata yields and its foraging and pollinating activities were studied at Djoumassi from October 30th to November 04th in 2018 and from 04th to 10th October in 2019. Observations were made on 540 flowers divided into four treatments of which two were differentiated according to the presence or absence of flower protection regarding insect...
Heterogeneity in maize (Zea mays L.) landrace seeds of the Lake Zone of Tanzania
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Among the most likely genetic shortcomings of landrace varieties is a lack of genetic uniformity and variety purity. An analysis of genetic heterogeneity was performed on 40 maize landrace seed samples collected from the Lake Zone regions of Tanzania using the Grow Out Test (GOT) method in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Seed samples were replicated four times, which resulted in 160 experimental units at the SUA...
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Malawi’s economy is agro-based, yet soils are continuously depleted of nutrients threatening development, food, and nutrition security. Current blanket application of fertilizers doesn’t often match with nutrient deficiencies in the diverse soils of Malawi. Further, blanket fertilizer application results in over-fertilization which brings about greenhouse gas emissions from highly fertilized soils contributing to climate...
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The study compared the hematological profiles of cultured and wild Clarias gariepinus from selected fish farms and rivers in Southeast Nigeria. Wild fish were collected from Anambra, Imo, Otamiri and Cross Rivers while farmed fish were sampled from Awka, Umuahia, Owerri and Abakiliki farms. 15 C. gariepinus were collected monthly from each of the rivers and farms for 12 months (January – December 2022). The overall mean...
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A survey (i) to study livestock production system, reproductive and productive performance traits of cattle and (ii) to recognize constraints to cattle production was conducted in selected districts of eastern Tigray zone. Six tabias (the smallest administrative unit consisting of several villages) were selected. Mixed crop-livestock farming system dominates the area. Overall herd size was 5.14±2.68. Cattle are reared for...
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Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L) Verdc.) is a grain legume underutilized in Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of phenotypic and genotypic variability of the introduced accessions and the relationship between the traits, which would aid in the selection of elite accessions. A field trial was conducted in Tepi, southwestern Ethiopia, during the 2021/22 cropping season. 276 Bambara...
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The study was conducted between January 2021 and March 2022 in 2local governmentsof Kano State, Nigeria(namely: Sallarin, {TarauniLG}andKofan Dan Agundi,{Municipal LG}). The objective of the study are to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of fish farmers, estimate the opportunities of the burrow pits fish production systems and identify the problems facing fish farmers in the study areas.Specifically, the results...
Effects of Climate Change on Livestock Farmers in Mundri East County
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The study was conducted on the effect of climate change on livestock production in Mundri East County of Western Equatoria state, South Sudan. Data were collected by using a cross-sectional questionnaire administered to 120 households who used to rear livestock in two Payams of Kediba and Lakamadi respectively. Majorities (75%) of the households were male and had more than 20 years’ experiences in livestock production....
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The magnitude of heterosis provides a basis for genetic diversity and guideline to the choice of desirable parents for developing superior F1 hybrids. This study was carried out to exploit hybrid vigour and for building gene pool to be exploitation in population improvement. Heterosis and nature of gene action for morphoagronomic traits, oil content and fatty acid composition in linseed. Eight parents, their 28 F1crosses...
Effect of Turmeric-calamansi Supplementation on the Drinking Water of Broiler Chickens
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The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of turmeric and Calamansi juice as water supplement on the live and carcass weight performance of broiler chicken. The research was carried out using completely randomized design (CRD). Ninety-six broiler chickens were raised from day old to 45 days old chicks. The chicks was supplemented with water supplements according to treatments. The study used four treatments...
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The present study deals the assessment of changes in soil properties and plant nutrient contents of sorghum and soybean crop after 40 years of continuous application of reclaimed sewer water as affected by the crop season. Results of the study revealed that the various soil properties and plant nutrients of the crops viz., sorghum and soybean highly influenced by the 40 years continuous application of the sewer water....
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important global food commodity crop. Its yield was affected by genotype, environment, and the interaction between genotype and environment that demands the development of diverse tolerant rice to increase yields and adaptation. Genotype & Environment interaction for yields of rice Tongil types with doubled haploid (DH) were evaluated in three locations. A randomized complete block design...
Genetic diversity of Cleome gynandra germplasm in Burkina Faso using SSRs molecular markers
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Cleome gynandra L. is an important traditional leafy vegetable in Burkina Faso diets. Because of its high nutritional value, it makes a good dietary supplement, providing an important nutritional and medicinal requirement. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and intra- and interpopulation relationships of the C gynandra collection using SSR molecular markers specific to Cleome gynandra. Nine...
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This paper aims to understand farmers’ perceptions and challenges in production and use of traditional grains as well as feed manufacturers perceptions on inclusion of traditional grains in feed formulations. The study also seeks to ascertain the opportunities for increased adoption of traditional grains as an adaptive strategy to climate change. Climate change has contributed to a shift in seasons and precipitation,...
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Use of pesticide in cowpea production has remained on the front burner of discuss on sustainable cowpea production due to prevailing threat of insect pests, increasing cost of chemicals, threat of environmental hazard and concern for food safety. This study therefore evaluated different spraying regimes on production of two cowpea varieties in the humid South West Agro-ecologies with the aim of recommending optimum...
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Tomato production is constrained by arthropod pests which cause significant damage reducing both quality and quantity of the yields. These arthropod pests include tomato leaf miner, whitefly and red spider mite. Over-reliance and use of chemical pesticides to control these pests have led to the loss of efficacy against them. Host plant resistance, a key component in Integrated Pest Management as a long term intervention...
Review on causes and management of soil acidity in Highland of Ethiopia
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In Ethiopia, large areas of highlands with altitude of >1500 m located in almost all regional states of the country are affected by soil acidity. About 43% of the Ethiopian arable land is affected by soil acidity. The main factors giving rise to increased soil acidity in Ethiopia include climatic factors such as high amount of precipitation (that exceeds evapo-transpiration which leaches appreciable amounts of exchangeable...
Phytosociological survey of weeds in cassava growth area
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The presence of weeds in agricultural crops causes direct losses in productivity, causing economic losses, which makes it necessary to know the quality and quantity of weeds that compete with agriculture crops. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the weed community associated with cassava cultivation through a phytosociological survey, carried out in a cassava cultivation area, in the city of Nampula. The...
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The use of liquid and peaty inoculants containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains to supply nitrogen to soybean has already been consolidated. However, in recent years, the co-inoculation technology has been used, where, besides the inoculum based on B. japonicum, strains of diazotrophic bacteria of the genus Azospirillum brasilense have been inoculated, which has been proven to be effective in grasses of great economic...
Performance Evaluation of Solar-powered Spray Tube and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems
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Irrigated agriculture has been deemed a wasteful water user as a result of inefficiencies in most irrigation systems. Pressurized irrigation needs a steady pumping system to ensure constant uniformity of the irrigation system, which is hard under directly coupled solar-powered irrigation. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two (2) different water application systems namely spray tube and sprinkler irrigation...
The mixed hard ticks species (ixodidae) distribution in some selected areas of Afar Region
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This research gives an understanding to identify common tick species, which infest Afar cattle. Total of 3922 ticks were randomly collected from selected districts of Afar Region, Ethiopia. Generally, four genera of ticks were found: Abmlyomma, Rhipiciphalus, Hyaloma and Boophilus sub-type. The highest three ranking species are Rhipiciphalus pulchilis 34.5%, Rhipiciphalus evertsi 14.9%, Amblyoma hebraeum 13.5% and the...
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Ticks are notorious blood sucking insects causing irritation, restlessness, disease transmission, and lesion on the skin to animals and human. Tick invasion problem urges researching their behavior, geographical distribution, veterinary importance and species distribution statistics. Principal Component Analysis on the dynamics of hard tick species distribution with Generalized Linear Model in R base software was through....
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To analyze the dynamics of tick burden on Afar cattle R studio software base principal component analysis was through. The average tick burden counted was 19.14 ticks on individual animal, the maximum tick load was 129 and minimum was 0. Among the body predilection sites maximum tick burden was on ear 59 ticks, anus/vulva 57 were counted, while the lowest burden was neck 13 and abdomen 5 ticks. The level of burden in...
Mixed hard ticks (ixodidae) species burden count on afar cattle
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Cattle are exposed to various levels of parasite burden challenges. Among the common parasites ticks are identified as the most notorious threat to cattle due to sever irritation, toxic effect, allergy , means of diseases transmission, anemia and are of socio-economic and veterinary medicine importance. The motto of this research was to divulge the significance and degree of Ixodidea (hard ticks) invasion problem in some...
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Weeds are among the limiting factors that influence inter-competition for resources, hinder harvesting and low production of cashew (Anacardium occidental L.) in Tanzania. The current study determined the distribution, characteristics and management of Dichapetalum stulhmannii. Distribution study involved a survey for weed presence in south-eastern, Tanzania. The characterization involved assessing the growth and...
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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease of cattle, caused by a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus. It is an economically important viral disease of cattle affecting all ages and breeds that can be prevented by vaccination in endemic regions including Ethiopia. LSD is an OIE listed disease because of considerable financial losses and in Ethiopia due to the endemic nature of LSD; the country is facing serious difficulties in...
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This review investigates the role of agroecology as an intervention to fight hunger and promote sustainable food security among smallholder farmers. The aim of the paper was to review basic principles of agroecology, and discussed the current status of global hunger. Finally, the study reflected on the potential of agroecology in sustaining food security. In response to the unsustainable technologies of green revolution...
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Evidence contradicting the usual negative relationship between farm size and productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) casts doubt on the viability of a smallholder-led development strategy. This paper examine the relationship between farm size and total factor productivity by employing a Cobb-Douglas production and survey data from mainland Tanzania. Two important contributions are highlighted: (1) examine relationship...
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The Present study was conducted to find the effect of vermicompost application on yield and some other parameters of cabbage under highly weathered soils of Uganda. Five rates of vermicomposte (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t/ha) were applied on cabbage, planted in plots and arranged in RCBD during three seasons with three replications each. Plant height, number of leaves and Leaf size were measured during the vegetative growth...
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Farmers in Ethiopia have traditionally practiced agroforestry to improve soil fertility. Yet, there is a paucity of information on the effects of scattered trees in farmlands on soil fertility. The study aimed to investigate whether scattered Faidherbia albida trees in farmers’ land in the Kenna District, Konso Zone, southern Ethiopia, affect soil properties. We selected three farmlands, and in each farmland, we designated...
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