Lignification of the plant and related aspects of soaking seeds and soybean pod of RR and conventional cultivars
May 2016
There has been great speculation about differential responses of transgenic and conventional cultivars of soybean lignin content in its stem, pod and seeds. Each characteristic is associated with the soaking of seeds and pods. Increase of weight of intact soybean seeds and pods at different soaking periods and their relation to the lignin contents in RR and conventional soybean plants was determined. Samples of 20 pods...
Hoof trimming for effective health management: What cattle farmers need to know
May 2016
Cattle is one of the animals raised by animal farmers for income generation from milk and meat. This study was carried out to identify the practices required by farmers in hoof trimming for effective health management of cattle. The objectives of the study were to identify the practises required by farmers in planning for, preventive, curative, and the materials for hoof trimming of cattle. The study adopted descriptive...
The management of sowing density on yield and lodging in the main oat biotype grown in Brazil
May 2016
The sowing density management in the main oat biotype cultivated in Brazil can bring yield gains with reduced lodging. The aim of this study was to sow the density adjustment of early cycle oat cultivars and reduced stature to increase biomass and grain yield with reduced lodging, considering high and low N-residual release succession systems in different years. The study was carried out in 2011, 2012 and 2013 in...
Effects of water deficit on morphophysiology, productivity and chemical composition of Ocimum africanum Lour (Lamiaceae)
May 2016
Mechanisms by which plants acclimatize to water deficit conditions can affect development and, especially in aromatic plants, the essential oil synthesis. To evaluate the effects of water deficit on Ocimum africanum, seedlings were exposed to water levels corresponding to 100, 80, 70 and 60% of the substrate field capacity. The different watering regimes corresponded to predawn water potentials of –0.5,...
Artificial intelligence tools in predicting the volume of trees within a forest stand
May 2016
The goal of this study was to train, validate, select and evaluate artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the individual volume of wood in eucalyptus stand, based on the diameter at breast height (DBH) and DBH with the total height (Ht). Data was obtained from a plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla ST Blake of seven years of age, located in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Sixteen plots were randomly set in this...
Co-inoculation with rhizobacteria in association with humic acid and nitrogen on common bean development
May 2016
Studies on co-inoculation of strains with high symbiotic potential, as well as the use of humic substances are of great importance for obtaining increases in nodulation, biological nitrogen fixation and yield of the bean crop. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the co-inoculation of Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense in association with humic acids and nitrogen (N) on the behavior of different...
A meta-analysis of in situ degradability of corn grains and non-starch energy sources found in Brazil
May 2016
Owing to the magnitude and importance of the production of citrus fruits pulp, soybeans and corn in Brazil, considerable research has focused on the main feedstuffs, co-products, and/or byproducts of these crops. The present study is aimed at comparing the ruminal degradability parameters of corn and non-starchy energy sources with high pectin content, including soybean hulls and citrus pulp, through meta-analysis. The...
Performance of SMA-C model on crop evapotranspiration estimation
May 2016
Many simulation models found in the literature integrates data on climate and crop characteristics to provide great information on the season for different crops. The objectives of this study were: a) to measure soil water balance components of a wheat crop to determine its evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficients (Kc) during the growing season; b) to use experimental data to evaluate the performance of SMA-C in...
Evaluation of physiological quality of lettuce and rocket salad seeds in the presence of purple nuts edget extract
May 2016
Purple nuts edge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is responsible for great losses in crop production areas. Purple nuts edge tubers possess substances with allelopathic effects on certain crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of lettuce and rocket salad seeds grown on different substrates in the presence of purple nuts edge extract. A completely randomized experimental design was used with a...
Physiological quality of hybrid maize seeds through respiratory and enzymatic activities
May 2016
With the increased demand for high quality maize seeds, the market absorbs innovations that add speed and reliability in the tests that enable differentiation of potential performance of seed lots. This study aims to evaluate the combination of the physiological tests with the expression of enzymes of respiratory route for differences in vigor levels in lots of hybrid seed corn. The percentage of germination,...
Chemical characteristics of fruits of two species of Physalis under nitrogen fertilization
May 2016
Although small fruits, with some exceptions, are not yet as popular in Brazil, some farmers have invested in this market and the genus Physalis can be an important alternative source of income due to its high added value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. To date, there are no specific fertilizer recommendations for even the most cultivated species (Physalis peruviana) and therefore the goal of this study...
Alternative control of Corynespora cassiicola in papaya seedlings and fruits by Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil
May 2016
The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of essential oil concentrations on Cinnamomum zeylanicum leaves as a possible fungicide against mycelial growth, and the sporulation of Corynespora cassiicola in papaya seedling and fruit. The study performed three experiments, namely comparison of the anti-C. cassiicola activity of: 1 µL mL-1 C. zeylanicum essential oil, commercial fungicide, and control-treatment;...
Broccoli growth and nutritional status as influenced by doses of nitrogen and boron
May 2016
Proper growth and development of broccoli may be affected by the application of N and B. Accordingly, the objective herein was to verify the effects of N and B application on growth and the nutritional status in the vegetative phase of broccoli. The experimental design was a completely random one in a factorial (4 × 2 +1) scheme, with four doses of B (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 mg dm-3) and two doses of N (200 and...
Forage intake and performance of cattle in silvo-pastoral systems and monoculture of Marandu in Pre-Amazon region
May 2016
This work aimed to evaluate dry matter intake (DMI) and performance of F1 Nellore x Guzera with live weight (LW) of 180±15 kg (5 months) on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in silvo-pastoral systems composed of babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) and monoculture systems in Pre-Amazonic region of Maranhão state, Brazil. Animals were evaluated in four systems: 0, 80, 131 and 160 adult palms...
Optimization of Blaney-Morin-Nigeria (BMN) model for estimating evapotranspiration in Enugu, Nigeria
May 2016
The Blaney-Morin-Nigeria (BMN) model was developed for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in Nigeria using commonly available meteorological parameters. In the development of the model, there were some perceived shortcomings which are believed to affect the reliability of ETo estimation, particularly in some specific locations in Nigeria, due to varying environmental factors. This study re-examined the...
Concepts and key issues of ethnoveterinary medicine in Africa: A review of its application in Zimbabwe
May 2016
This review is aimed at highlighting the issue of ethno-veterinary medicine (EVM) and the progress and limitations in its application in Zimbabwe.It is a fact that animal diseases are a major constraint to livestock production and development, particularly in communities living in marginal areas affected with endemic pathogens, vectors and diseases. These communities do not have access to modern veterinary information...
Irrigated sorghum and cowpea after wet-season rice as a pathway out of subsistence agriculture in the Senegal River Valley in Mauritania
May 2016
Livestock is more important to the Mauritanian economy (13% of National Gross Domestic Product) compared with just 4% from crop production. It is surprising, therefore, that irrigation has so far contributed little to animal productivity given the limited carrying capacity and irregular inter-annual production of the extensive rangeland, and the need to import fodder concentrates to sustain livestock during the hot-dry...
Transmission and effects of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on cotton seeds
May 2016
This paper aimed to evaluate the transmission of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) and the effects of this pathogen on the initial development of cotton plants following inoculation of seeds. Two cultivars (susceptible and resistant) and two strains (most and least aggressive) of the pathogen were used in this study. The inoculation method was based on the contact between seeds and fungal colonies on...
Corn yield as a function of amounts of nitrogen applied in bands
May 2016
The aim of the current paper is to study the effect of different amounts of nitrogen applied in bands of corn hybrids on variables related to corn plant growth and its yield components. The experiment was carried out under no-tillage system at Guarapuava, PR, Brazil, throughout the period of October 1st 2009 to March 20th 2010. The treatments resulted in the combination of two simple hybrids of corn (P30R50 and AG8025)...
Influences of inter and intra row spacing on yield, yield component and morphological characteristics of onion (Allium cepa L.) at Western Amhara region
May 2016
Appropriate spacing enables the farmers to keep appropriate plant population in the field. Hence, it can avoid over or less population in a given plot of land which has negative effect on yield and quality of onion. Spacing of 40 × 20 × 10 cm between furrow, row and plants, respectively has been used for onion production in Ethiopia. But producers complain 10 cm intra row spacing produces large bulb size...
Quantitative assessment of palm oil wastes generated by mills in Southern Benin
May 2016
While waste management is given more care for protecting the environment and human health, agro industrial wastes are still a concern, in developing countries. This study quantitatively assesses the palm oil wastes generated by mills and describes their management in Southern Benin. Twenty four out of 335 regional palm oil mills were randomly selected and assessed for waste quantities generated during the oil production...
Sources of technical inefficiency of smallholder farmers in milk production in Ethiopia
May 2016
This paper estimates technical inefficiency in milk production of smallholder dairy farmers in the highlands of Ethiopia and identified factors associated with the observed inefficiency using a stochastic frontier production function approach. The analysis utilizes a cross-section data collected from 1,277 farm households. The result indicates a mean technical efficiency of 55%, suggesting a sizeable technical...
Physical and physicochemical composition of mangaba fruits (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) at three maturity stages
May 2016
The mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a typical fruit of the Brazilian cerrado and caatinga. It has excellent nutritional composition but there are no studies reporting the fruit characteristics and its industrial use. The aim of this study was to analyze the physical and physicochemical characteristics of mangaba fruit in three different maturity stages. Fruit weight, volume, length, titratable acidity, vitamin C,...
Farmer participatory pest management evaluations and variety selection in diagnostic farmer field Fora in cowpea in Ghana
May 2016
Participatory diagnostic farmer field fora (FFF) were conducted at two communities, Savelugu and Bukpomo, in northern Ghana to build the capacity of farmers on integrated pest management in cowpea production. The FFF involved a season-long comparative evaluation of farmers’ practices (FP) and integrated pest management (IPM). Farmers’ practices relied wholly on calendar insecticide sprays while IPM plots...
Morphocultural and molecular characterization of papaya tree Colletotrichum spp.
May 2016
Papaya cultivation has great economic importance in tropical and subtropical countries, and Brazil is one of the largest producers of papaya (Carica papaya L.) in the world. However, productivity is hampered by plant health problems, particularly the pathogen Colletotrichum spp., which causes anthracnose and great damages on postharvest handling. This study characterized the morphocultural and genetic diversity of 21...
Efficacy of some local Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against soil borne fungal pathogens
May 2016
Seven Jordanian strains belonging to the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were evaluated for their antifungal effects on soil borne plant pathogenic fungi under laboratory conditions. The antifungal effects of total soluble proteins of Bt stains on the growth of two isolates of the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum (isolated from roots of wilted peach trees and tomato plants), Fusarium proliferatum (isolated from roots of...
Isolation, identification and in vitro evaluation of Bacillus spp. in control of Magnaporthe oryzae comparing evaluation methods
May 2016
Environmentally friendly technologies, such as the use of bacteria (e.g. Bacillus spp.) to control fungal diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.), represent a promising alternative for the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. The present work aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate (in vitro) various Bacillus spp. from the rice phylloplane for their potential to control the rice fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Samples were...
Influence of spatial arrangements on silvicultural characteristics of three Eucalyptus clones at integrated crop-livestock-forest system
May 2016
This research evaluated the influence of different spatial arrangements on the growth of three Eucalyptus clones as well as the characteristics that influence the quality of the timber. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa - Beef Cattle station, Campo Grande city, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The design was in randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (3 × 3) with plots subdivided by time and four...
Assessment of bacterial wilt (Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum) of enset in Southern Ethiopia
May 2016
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) production and productivity is threatened by many biotic and abiotic factors among which bacterial wilt of enset (BWE), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum is one of the major factors. There were no reports on the intensity and distribution of bacterial wilt of enset in South Nation Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State (SNNPRS). Hence, the objective of this study was to...
Production and nutritional characteristics of pearl millet and Paiaguas palisadegrass under different forage systems and sowing periods in the offseason
May 2016
The intercropping of annual crops with perennial grasses is a production system that is frequently adopted in the Midwest region of Brazil due to its economic viability resulting from the use of the same area for agriculture and livestock. Most agriculture-livestock integration studies have evaluated the use of forage of the genus Urochloa in intercropped systems with corn, sorghum and sunflower. Consequently, there is...
In vitro susceptibility of Corynespora cassiicola isolate from Brazil fields to fungicide
May 2016
Corynespora cassiicola which cause the target spot in soybeans can lead to significant reductions in grain yield. Chemical control mechanisms recommended for disease control was performed with low efficacy in the field due to loss of the pathogen sensitivity to fungicides. This study evaluated the effect of fungicides in inhibiting C. cassiicola using in vitro test. Four isolates from different regions of Rio Verde - GO...
Azospirillum brasilense promotes increment in corn production
May 2016
The corn crop is one of the most cultivated in the world and one of the most need studies that seek alternatives on the use of Azospirillum brasilense. This bacterium produces growth hormones that may benefit the corn crop. The work objective was to verify the agronomical performance of corn crop, in function of foliar Azospirillum brasilense inoculation, associated with nitrogen doses. The research was performed in...
Soil fertility status under smallholder farmers’ fields in malawi
May 2016
Land degradation continues to contribute to the declining soil fertility especially in the smallholder farms. Thus, soil fertility depletion in the smallholder farms will continue to be the biophysical root cause for reduced food production if farmers do not implement best agricultural practices. It is expected that when farmers understand the current soil fertility status on their farms, they would make informed...
Foliar application of urea and bell pepper amino acids
May 2016
The Bell peppers is a tropical culture and it is in the 10 most consumed vegetables of the world. The mineral nutrition is essential to the productivity and better quality of the gather fruits. In bell pepper cultivation, high portions of nitrogen are essential to a good performance of fruits. The foliar fertilizing is a complement to the ground fertilizing. The amino acids are a good source of nitrogen, once these are...
Levels of nitrate, pigments and thermographic analysis of lettuce under different temperatures of nutrient solution
May 2016
The temperature of the nutrient solution in hydroponic crops of lettuce is a determinant of biomass yield and affects several physiological mechanisms of the plant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of nutrient solution temperature on the levels of nitrate and pigments in leaves, as well as green mass yield and thermal flow in lettuce crop hydroponically. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at...
Eucalyptus urocan drought tolerance mechanisms
May 2016
The present study was designed to identify strategies for tolerance to hydric deficit in Eucalyptus urocan seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a green house with 100% solar radiation capture. The completely randomized block design was used with five treatments (plants irrigated daily with water corresponding to 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% daily evapotranspiration) and five replications. 120-day-old E. urocan...
Anatomical differences among forage with respect to nutrient availability for ruminants in the tropics: A review
May 2016
Different types of forage have been used worldwide in farm animal feeding. However, different microscopic cellular arrangements are clear in the anatomical structure, are due to climatic influences and are reflected in the productivity responses of cattle, especially in comparisons among tropical and temperate grasses. The physical impediment of the plant anatomical structure affects nutrient accessibility to rumen...
Resistance characterization of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) biotypes to clethodim herbicide
May 2016
The objective of this study is to determine the dose required to control 50% population (C50) and to reduce 50% dry matter production (GR50) of resistant biotypes of ryegrass in comparison to that of a susceptible biotype as well as to evaluate the mechanism of resistance by cyt-P450 inhibitor application. The study was conducted in a greenhouse in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil on plants that survived clethodim herbicide...
Prevention of yield losses caused by glyphosate in soybeans with biostimulant
May 2016
Enhanced selectivity can be achieved for some herbicide treatments through the application of chemicals that reduce or protect plants from injuries. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential to prevent herbicide yield losses in glyphosate-resistant soybean by the use of the biostimulant Fertiactyl PÓS. Based on results from two field experiments, the association of Fertiactyl PÓS with...
Assessment of the levels of cadmium and lead in soil and vegetable samples from selected dumpsites in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana
May 2016
Many dumpsites in the urban communities in Ghana are used for cultivation of crops, especially vegetables. However, these dumpsites may serve as potential sources of soil heavy metals that could enter the food chain mainly through cultivated food crops with serious consequences on human health. This study investigated the levels of two heavy metals, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), in the soil and tissues of vegetables grown...
Growth of Khaya senegalensis plant under water deficit
May 2016
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the initial growth of Khaya senegalensis plants under water deficit. The work was carried out at Ipameri, Goiás on a bench in full sun following the completely randomized experimental design with six treatments and six replications. 120-day-old mahogany plants (Khaya senegalensis) grown in eight-liter pots were subjected to six treatments for 12 days (plants...
Economic efficiency of green maize intercropped with beans grown under Tithonia and inorganic fertilizer
May 2016
A field trial aimed at assessing the performance of maize and beans under intercropped systems was conducted in 2013 under three experimental components of maize, beans and maize-bean intercrop in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Each component was subjected to treatments that included: a control-without fertilizer (WF), mineral fertilizer (MF) at 150 kg/ha of 17:17:17, Tithonia biomass...
Characterization of family organic production in peri-urban regions
May 2016
The objective of this study was to evaluate the difficulties and potential of organic farming for the family small-scale farmers in the municipalities of metropolitan areas of large shopping centers, such as the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To that end, a questionnaire comprising open-ended and closed-ended questions relevant to biological farming was applied. Factors that hinder the production and sale of organic...
Evaluation of biological control agent Pantoea agglomerans P10c against fire blight in Morocco
May 2016
The bacterial antagonist Pantoea agglomerans P10c was evaluated for efficacy to control fire blight in Morocco. It was evaluated in the laboratory on detached blossoms (pre and post-inoculation of pathogen) and under field for its ability to suppress growth of Erwinia amylovora on blossoms of pear trees (Pyrus communis); and for its aptitude to establish on and to colonize the blossoms of apple tree (Malus domestica)...
Storage of Alibertia edulis seeds: Influence of water content and storage conditions
May 2016
Knowledge of the desiccation sensitivity of Alibertia edulis seeds is essential to provide adequate conditions for maintaining viability during storage. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of variations in the water content, environmental conditions, and storage periods on the conservation of A. edulis seeds. After processing, the seeds were dried under ambient conditions to water contents of...
Effects of irrigated and rain fed conditions on infestation levels of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) infesting Dolichos lablab (L.) in Eastern Kenya
May 2016
Dolichos lablab (L.) is a neglected crop species in Kenya, grown only for subsistence where they are highly adapted to a small range of ecological niches. It is grown under irrigation and rain fed conditions, where production is limited by insect pests such as thrips (Genera: Megalurothrips and Frankliniella). However, the effects of irrigation and rain fed conditions on infestation levels of these thrips in Kenya...
Bentonite application in the remediation of copper contaminated soil
April 2016
The concern on heavy metals from commercial fertilizers for fertilization of crops when they are intended for human consumption has increased specifically, horticultures and grains. Several procedures have been proposed to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the soil; among these are, the application of materials that are able to adsorb these elements, making them less available to plants. This study aimed to...
Socio-economic attributes of guinea fowl production in two districts in Northern Ghana
April 2016
The search for a sustainable solution to the growing household food insecurity in many Ghanaian homes calls for an effective harnessing of locally available resources for increased agricultural production. The study was conducted against the background that, although several studies have been conducted on the guinea fowl in Northern Ghana, very little attention has been paid to the socio-economic attributes of...
Acaricide resistance of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in Benin
April 2016
After the introduction of the invasive cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa in the last decade, farmers encounter ticks resistance to the use of acaricides in different region in Benin. In order to evaluate the level of resistance, an in vitro study was performed on five samples of R. (Boophilus) microplus collected from five farms in four of the eight agro-ecological zone of Benin. The...
Growth and physiological responses of sunflower grown under levels of water replacement and potassium fertilization
April 2016
Water deficit is one of the limiting factors of agricultural production, especially in semi-arid regions. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and the physiological characteristics of sunflower cv. Hélio 251 at different levels of water replacement and potassium doses in an experiment conducted in the greenhouse of the Center for Technology and Natural Resources of UFCG, Campina Grande,...
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