Toxicity and repellency of plant extracts on Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Carpintero & Dellapé) (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae)
June 2016
The eucalyptus bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus, is an exotic pest of eucalyptus crops that has spread worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of aqueous plant extracts at 5% of Matricaria chamomilla, Echinodorus grandiflorus, Punica granatum, Maytenus ilicifolia and Origanum majorana on T. peregrinus. For this, choice and no-choice tests were performed. Eucalyptus leaf disks were...
Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization affecting wheat productivity
June 2016
In order to optimize the use of nitrogen (N), the aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5 strain, as regards the productivity of wheat plantations combined with different N doses. The experiments were carried out in four municipalities in Minas Gerais (Brazil) under randomized block design with four replications. Forty percent of the N dose was applied at...
Effect of chitosan-based coating on postharvest quality of tangerines (Citrus deliciosa Tenore): Identification of physical, chemical, and kinetic parameters during storage
June 2016
In this study, chitosan-based coating was used in tangerines in a 30-day storage period, at controlled temperature of 10°C. The selected fruits presented green surface (± 90%); they were sanitized in chlorinated water (100 mg/L) then immersed in chitosan solutions at chitosan concentrations of 0.5 g/100 ml (T2), 1 g/100 ml (T3), and 2 g/100 ml (T4) and a lot was placed aside as control treatment (T1)....
Nutritional technological characterization and secondary metabolites in stored carioca bean cultivars
June 2016
The recommendation of bean cultivars and the use of appropriate storage techniques allow the quality characteristics of these grains to be preserved for human consumption. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of storage on three cultivars of the common carioca bean in raw form and to determine the relationships between storage time and technological quality parameters involved in the darkening and...
The decrease of potential suitable areas and the distribution tendency of staple crops in Ethiopia under future climate conditions
June 2016
Rain-fed agriculture is the most common pattern for Ethiopian smallholders, while it is sensitive to climate change in the future. In order to predict the impact of climate change and decrease the risk of food crisis in Ethiopia, the potential crops suitability of teff (Eragrostis tef), maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) were simulated and suitable distribution were analyzed by using GIS-MCE...
Influence of cowpea root powder and exudates on germination and radicle length in Striga hermothica, sorghum and pearl millet strains
June 2016
The root parasitic weed Striga hermonthica constitutes a threat to cereals production in sub-Saharan Africa. Cowpea has been used as a rotational or a companion crop to combat the parasite on cereals with varying success. The present investigation was set to study the effects of root powder from 12 cowpea genotypes and root exudates from two genotypes on germination and radicle length in S. hermonthica, sorghum and...
Village poultry production system: Perception of farmers and simulation of impacts of interventions
June 2016
This study identified perception of poultry farmers’ on impact of interventions in village poultry production and quantified the impacts of interventions on flock and economic performance using modelling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on perceptions of poultry keeping and performances from 240 randomly selected households in two districts of Ethiopia. Crop was the major source of income, and...
Occurrence and estimated losses caused by cassava viruses in Migori County, Kenya
June 2016
A farm survey was conducted in Kuria East and Suna West sub-counties to determine the incidence, severity and estimated losses of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) on cassava crops in farmers’ fields. The results showed that cassava is the second most important staple crop after maize in Migori County. CMD incidence ranged from 0.0 to 56.7%) in Kuria East and 10.0 to 55.0% in...
The analysis of production function and farm marketing efficiency of pineapple (Ananas comosus L Merr) in South Sumatera Province, Indonesia
June 2016
This study was based on input and output obtained from 200 random samples of pineapple farm in South Sumatera Province. The major objective of the study is to analyze the input allocation of pineapple farm from six angles: cultivated area, seed, man power, chemical fertilizer (Urea, TSP, and KCL), manure, and insecticide. The result of Cobb Douglas production function approach indicated that, inputs had not been used...
Productivity and economic analysis of sunflower/maize crop rotation under different levels of salinity and nitrogen
June 2016
This study aimed to assess the effect of salinity of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilization on yield and oil production of sunflower, cv. BRS 324, and yield of maize hybrid AG1051, as well as economic analysis of crop rotation (sunflower/maize). The experimental was laid out in a randomized complete block design in split plot with five replications, the plots were formed by five levels of electrical conductivity of...
In silico identification of putative expressed sequence tag (EST)-simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers of resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in common bean
June 2016
Expressed sequences are important sources in the development of functional heterologous microsatellite markers in phylogenetic related groups, that is, soybean and commom bean. The objective of this work was to identify and characterize expressed sequence tag (EST)-simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in silico candidates of resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in common bean. Seven DNA sequences from soybean associated with...
Poultry manure influenced growth, yield and nutritional quality of containerized aromatic pepper (Capsicum annuum L., var ‘Nsukka Yellow’)
June 2016
‘Nsukka Yellow’ pepper is an aromatic pepper (Capsicum annuum) grown in specific rural locales in southeastern Nigeria. Ripe fruits are predominantly yellow and are exported to Nigerian cities where they command premium price. The need to develop appropriate technologies for adaptation and cultivation of ‘Nsukka Yellow’ pepper in cities where there are scarcity of agricultural lands motivated...
Sources of phosphorus for the establishment of palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D Webster)
June 2016
In Brazil, about 80% of the 60 million hectares of pasture are in some state of degradation. Among the causes of this degradation is the lack of investment in liming and fertilization at the time of planting. Phosphorus is especially critical because it stimulates root growth in the establishment phase of forage growth. The objective of the study was to evaluate different sources of phosphorus in the formation of...
Propolis extract coated in “Pera†orange fruits: An alternative to cold storage
June 2016
Orange (Citrus sinensis) is a non-climacteric fruit that can be stored for long periods. However, the development of physiological and phytopathological disorders limits its postharvest storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of coating orange with propolis extract on the physicochemical characteristics of the ‘Pera’ orange during storage under ambient temperature. The fruits were...
Rooting of African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis A. Juss.) leafy stem cuttings under different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid
June 2016
Vegetative propagation were studied in order to implement Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. wood production, conservation and genetic improvement programs. The objective of this research work was to establish the requirement as well the appropriated concentration of indolbutiric acid (IBA) in the K. senegalensis leafy stem cuttings to produce new plants. The basal end of the leafy stem cuttings were immersed, at first...
Effect of Vitex agnus-castus on in vitro digestibility in ruminant
June 2016
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of Fructus agni-casti (FAC) on in vitro gas production (GP), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and net energy lactation (NEL) using an in vitro gas-production method. Two rumen-fistulated sheep were used in the experiment. The sheep were fed 60% alfalfa hay and 40% concentrate feed twice daily. Five different levels of FAC were added to the...
Fractal analysis in the description of soil particle-size distribution under different land-use patterns in Southern Amazonas State, Brazil
June 2016
Understanding the variability of soil properties is crucial to identify areas susceptible to physical degradation. The soil degradation is often determined by the current state of the soil structure, that is, the aggregate size distribution. Therefore, this article suggested evaluating aggregate sizes’ distribution by using the fractal theory. The goals were: (i) to calculate the fractal mass dimension of soil...
Potassium doses for African mahogany plants growth under two hydric conditions
June 2016
African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) is a good option for the growing demand of the furniture industry since it is resistant to Hypsipyla grandella Zeller, a borrowing insect which causes damage to plants of the genus Swietenia in the American continent. The objective of this paper was to verify the effects of potassium doses on the growth of young African mahogany plants growing under two hydric conditions. The doses...
Toxicity and sublethal effects of insecticides on Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
June 2016
Exposure of Helicoverpa armigera to sublethal concentrations of insecticides can cause physiological deficiencies manifested by reduced longevity, development, fertility and fecundity. Research on the sub-lethal effects, to identify the non-lethal negative impacts of insecticides on pests can provide practical information for integrated management. The objective of this study was to determine the lethal concentrations...
Cuscuta campestris yunker, a dangerous obligate parasitic weed observed in cassava crop in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo
June 2016
Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) is an obligate shoot parasite weed causing growth inhibition and yields losses of many agricultural crops worldwide. C. campestris is often observed in many crops; among is cassava in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2014, subsistence farmers realised that it may be responsible for yield reduction of many crops. This study evaluates the effect of C. campestris on...
Trichoderma: A significant fungus for agriculture and environment
June 2016
The novel technologies in all areas of agriculture have improved agricultural production, but some modern practices affect the environment. The recent challenge faced by advanced farming is to achieve higher yields in environment-friendly manner. Thus, there is an immediate need to find eco-friendly solutions such as wider application of biocontrol agents. Among various types of species being used as biocontrol agents,...
Productivity and economics of medicinal rice Njavara (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by different establishment techniques in lowland condition of Kerala, India
June 2016
Field experiments were conducted at Cropping Systems Research Centre, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during summer/third crop/puncha season in 2007 and 2008 to find out the effect of nutrient sources under different management systems. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of four management systems, viz., System of Rice Intensification SRI (M1), Integrated...
Lignification of the plant and related aspects of soaking seeds and soybean pod of RR and conventional cultivars
May 2016
There has been great speculation about differential responses of transgenic and conventional cultivars of soybean lignin content in its stem, pod and seeds. Each characteristic is associated with the soaking of seeds and pods. Increase of weight of intact soybean seeds and pods at different soaking periods and their relation to the lignin contents in RR and conventional soybean plants was determined. Samples of 20 pods...
Hoof trimming for effective health management: What cattle farmers need to know
May 2016
Cattle is one of the animals raised by animal farmers for income generation from milk and meat. This study was carried out to identify the practices required by farmers in hoof trimming for effective health management of cattle. The objectives of the study were to identify the practises required by farmers in planning for, preventive, curative, and the materials for hoof trimming of cattle. The study adopted descriptive...
The management of sowing density on yield and lodging in the main oat biotype grown in Brazil
May 2016
The sowing density management in the main oat biotype cultivated in Brazil can bring yield gains with reduced lodging. The aim of this study was to sow the density adjustment of early cycle oat cultivars and reduced stature to increase biomass and grain yield with reduced lodging, considering high and low N-residual release succession systems in different years. The study was carried out in 2011, 2012 and 2013 in...
Effects of water deficit on morphophysiology, productivity and chemical composition of Ocimum africanum Lour (Lamiaceae)
May 2016
Mechanisms by which plants acclimatize to water deficit conditions can affect development and, especially in aromatic plants, the essential oil synthesis. To evaluate the effects of water deficit on Ocimum africanum, seedlings were exposed to water levels corresponding to 100, 80, 70 and 60% of the substrate field capacity. The different watering regimes corresponded to predawn water potentials of –0.5,...
Artificial intelligence tools in predicting the volume of trees within a forest stand
May 2016
The goal of this study was to train, validate, select and evaluate artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the individual volume of wood in eucalyptus stand, based on the diameter at breast height (DBH) and DBH with the total height (Ht). Data was obtained from a plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla ST Blake of seven years of age, located in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Sixteen plots were randomly set in this...
Co-inoculation with rhizobacteria in association with humic acid and nitrogen on common bean development
May 2016
Studies on co-inoculation of strains with high symbiotic potential, as well as the use of humic substances are of great importance for obtaining increases in nodulation, biological nitrogen fixation and yield of the bean crop. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the co-inoculation of Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense in association with humic acids and nitrogen (N) on the behavior of different...
A meta-analysis of in situ degradability of corn grains and non-starch energy sources found in Brazil
May 2016
Owing to the magnitude and importance of the production of citrus fruits pulp, soybeans and corn in Brazil, considerable research has focused on the main feedstuffs, co-products, and/or byproducts of these crops. The present study is aimed at comparing the ruminal degradability parameters of corn and non-starchy energy sources with high pectin content, including soybean hulls and citrus pulp, through meta-analysis. The...
Performance of SMA-C model on crop evapotranspiration estimation
May 2016
Many simulation models found in the literature integrates data on climate and crop characteristics to provide great information on the season for different crops. The objectives of this study were: a) to measure soil water balance components of a wheat crop to determine its evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficients (Kc) during the growing season; b) to use experimental data to evaluate the performance of SMA-C in...
Evaluation of physiological quality of lettuce and rocket salad seeds in the presence of purple nuts edget extract
May 2016
Purple nuts edge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is responsible for great losses in crop production areas. Purple nuts edge tubers possess substances with allelopathic effects on certain crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of lettuce and rocket salad seeds grown on different substrates in the presence of purple nuts edge extract. A completely randomized experimental design was used with a...
Concepts and key issues of ethnoveterinary medicine in Africa: A review of its application in Zimbabwe
May 2016
This review is aimed at highlighting the issue of ethno-veterinary medicine (EVM) and the progress and limitations in its application in Zimbabwe.It is a fact that animal diseases are a major constraint to livestock production and development, particularly in communities living in marginal areas affected with endemic pathogens, vectors and diseases. These communities do not have access to modern veterinary information...
Influences of inter and intra row spacing on yield, yield component and morphological characteristics of onion (Allium cepa L.) at Western Amhara region
May 2016
Appropriate spacing enables the farmers to keep appropriate plant population in the field. Hence, it can avoid over or less population in a given plot of land which has negative effect on yield and quality of onion. Spacing of 40 × 20 × 10 cm between furrow, row and plants, respectively has been used for onion production in Ethiopia. But producers complain 10 cm intra row spacing produces large bulb size...
Corn yield as a function of amounts of nitrogen applied in bands
May 2016
The aim of the current paper is to study the effect of different amounts of nitrogen applied in bands of corn hybrids on variables related to corn plant growth and its yield components. The experiment was carried out under no-tillage system at Guarapuava, PR, Brazil, throughout the period of October 1st 2009 to March 20th 2010. The treatments resulted in the combination of two simple hybrids of corn (P30R50 and AG8025)...
Transmission and effects of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on cotton seeds
May 2016
This paper aimed to evaluate the transmission of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) and the effects of this pathogen on the initial development of cotton plants following inoculation of seeds. Two cultivars (susceptible and resistant) and two strains (most and least aggressive) of the pathogen were used in this study. The inoculation method was based on the contact between seeds and fungal colonies on...
Irrigated sorghum and cowpea after wet-season rice as a pathway out of subsistence agriculture in the Senegal River Valley in Mauritania
May 2016
Livestock is more important to the Mauritanian economy (13% of National Gross Domestic Product) compared with just 4% from crop production. It is surprising, therefore, that irrigation has so far contributed little to animal productivity given the limited carrying capacity and irregular inter-annual production of the extensive rangeland, and the need to import fodder concentrates to sustain livestock during the hot-dry...
Optimization of Blaney-Morin-Nigeria (BMN) model for estimating evapotranspiration in Enugu, Nigeria
May 2016
The Blaney-Morin-Nigeria (BMN) model was developed for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in Nigeria using commonly available meteorological parameters. In the development of the model, there were some perceived shortcomings which are believed to affect the reliability of ETo estimation, particularly in some specific locations in Nigeria, due to varying environmental factors. This study re-examined the...
Forage intake and performance of cattle in silvo-pastoral systems and monoculture of Marandu in Pre-Amazon region
May 2016
This work aimed to evaluate dry matter intake (DMI) and performance of F1 Nellore x Guzera with live weight (LW) of 180±15 kg (5 months) on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in silvo-pastoral systems composed of babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) and monoculture systems in Pre-Amazonic region of Maranhão state, Brazil. Animals were evaluated in four systems: 0, 80, 131 and 160 adult palms...
Broccoli growth and nutritional status as influenced by doses of nitrogen and boron
May 2016
Proper growth and development of broccoli may be affected by the application of N and B. Accordingly, the objective herein was to verify the effects of N and B application on growth and the nutritional status in the vegetative phase of broccoli. The experimental design was a completely random one in a factorial (4 × 2 +1) scheme, with four doses of B (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 mg dm-3) and two doses of N (200 and...
Alternative control of Corynespora cassiicola in papaya seedlings and fruits by Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil
May 2016
The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of essential oil concentrations on Cinnamomum zeylanicum leaves as a possible fungicide against mycelial growth, and the sporulation of Corynespora cassiicola in papaya seedling and fruit. The study performed three experiments, namely comparison of the anti-C. cassiicola activity of: 1 µL mL-1 C. zeylanicum essential oil, commercial fungicide, and control-treatment;...
Chemical characteristics of fruits of two species of Physalis under nitrogen fertilization
May 2016
Although small fruits, with some exceptions, are not yet as popular in Brazil, some farmers have invested in this market and the genus Physalis can be an important alternative source of income due to its high added value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. To date, there are no specific fertilizer recommendations for even the most cultivated species (Physalis peruviana) and therefore the goal of this study...
Physiological quality of hybrid maize seeds through respiratory and enzymatic activities
May 2016
With the increased demand for high quality maize seeds, the market absorbs innovations that add speed and reliability in the tests that enable differentiation of potential performance of seed lots. This study aims to evaluate the combination of the physiological tests with the expression of enzymes of respiratory route for differences in vigor levels in lots of hybrid seed corn. The percentage of germination,...
Assessment of bacterial wilt (Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum) of enset in Southern Ethiopia
May 2016
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) production and productivity is threatened by many biotic and abiotic factors among which bacterial wilt of enset (BWE), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum is one of the major factors. There were no reports on the intensity and distribution of bacterial wilt of enset in South Nation Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State (SNNPRS). Hence, the objective of this study was to...
Efficacy of some local Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against soil borne fungal pathogens
May 2016
Seven Jordanian strains belonging to the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were evaluated for their antifungal effects on soil borne plant pathogenic fungi under laboratory conditions. The antifungal effects of total soluble proteins of Bt stains on the growth of two isolates of the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum (isolated from roots of wilted peach trees and tomato plants), Fusarium proliferatum (isolated from roots of...
Production and nutritional characteristics of pearl millet and Paiaguas palisadegrass under different forage systems and sowing periods in the offseason
May 2016
The intercropping of annual crops with perennial grasses is a production system that is frequently adopted in the Midwest region of Brazil due to its economic viability resulting from the use of the same area for agriculture and livestock. Most agriculture-livestock integration studies have evaluated the use of forage of the genus Urochloa in intercropped systems with corn, sorghum and sunflower. Consequently, there is...
In vitro susceptibility of Corynespora cassiicola isolate from Brazil fields to fungicide
May 2016
Corynespora cassiicola which cause the target spot in soybeans can lead to significant reductions in grain yield. Chemical control mechanisms recommended for disease control was performed with low efficacy in the field due to loss of the pathogen sensitivity to fungicides. This study evaluated the effect of fungicides in inhibiting C. cassiicola using in vitro test. Four isolates from different regions of Rio Verde - GO...
Foliar application of urea and bell pepper amino acids
May 2016
The Bell peppers is a tropical culture and it is in the 10 most consumed vegetables of the world. The mineral nutrition is essential to the productivity and better quality of the gather fruits. In bell pepper cultivation, high portions of nitrogen are essential to a good performance of fruits. The foliar fertilizing is a complement to the ground fertilizing. The amino acids are a good source of nitrogen, once these are...
Levels of nitrate, pigments and thermographic analysis of lettuce under different temperatures of nutrient solution
May 2016
The temperature of the nutrient solution in hydroponic crops of lettuce is a determinant of biomass yield and affects several physiological mechanisms of the plant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of nutrient solution temperature on the levels of nitrate and pigments in leaves, as well as green mass yield and thermal flow in lettuce crop hydroponically. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at...
Azospirillum brasilense promotes increment in corn production
May 2016
The corn crop is one of the most cultivated in the world and one of the most need studies that seek alternatives on the use of Azospirillum brasilense. This bacterium produces growth hormones that may benefit the corn crop. The work objective was to verify the agronomical performance of corn crop, in function of foliar Azospirillum brasilense inoculation, associated with nitrogen doses. The research was performed in...
Soil fertility status under smallholder farmers’ fields in malawi
May 2016
Land degradation continues to contribute to the declining soil fertility especially in the smallholder farms. Thus, soil fertility depletion in the smallholder farms will continue to be the biophysical root cause for reduced food production if farmers do not implement best agricultural practices. It is expected that when farmers understand the current soil fertility status on their farms, they would make informed...
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