Aflatoxins B1 contamination levels in maize and awareness of aflatoxins among main maize stakeholders in Chemba and Kondoa Districts, Tanzania
June 2022
Maize (Zea mays) is the staple food for the majority of people in Tanzania which plays a key role in subsistence and a cash crop among actors of the maize value chain. Environmental factors such as soil contamination by fungi, water stress, warm and humid conditions are among several factors contributing to fungal growth and aflatoxins contamination in maize, leading to significant economic loss, reduced household...
Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolates from ward environment of a hospital in Tema, Ghana
June 2022
Community and hospital-acquired antimicrobial resistance is on the increase worldwide and threatens the ability to treat patients effectively. This can result in high levels of morbidity and mortality from microbial infections. Susceptibility patterns help track microbial resistance potentials in order to enhance antibiotic prescription and use. The susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi...
Assessment of handwashing knowledge, attitude and practices among healthcare workers at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania
June 2022
The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) as one of the top ten causes of hospital death worldwide. Hand hygiene is arguably the simplest and most effective way to prevent the transmission of HCAI between one patient to another or from patients to healthcare workers. The practical implementation of hand hygiene depends on the attitude and knowledge of health practitioners regarding...
Antibiogram and multidrug resistant pattern of Escherichia coli from environmental sources in Port Harcourt
June 2022
Antibiotics are the most successful form of therapeutics developed for the treatment of disease caused by bacteria. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Escherichia coli and multidrug resistant pattern from environmental sources in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Forty samples were collected from environmental sources including poultry litter, soil, waste water and cloaca. All samples were inoculated onto...
Identification of Basidiobolus species from the common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) and their association with isolates from human basidiobolomycosis
May 2022
The genus Basidiobolus contains large groups of terrestrial fungi including the etiological agents of human gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB). This study aimed to identify Basidiobolus species from the common house gecko and to compare them with human GIB isolates. Gecko and human GIB samples were collected from Muhayil Aseer area, south Saudi Arabia (2017-2019). Isolation of fungi from the gut contents of...
Comparative study of the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla and Vitellaria paradoxa
May 2022
A comparative study was carried out to determine the phytochemical components and Euphorbia heterophylla antibacterial activity as well as Vitellaria paradoxaleaf crude extracts on four enteric organisms, namely: Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli. The clinical isolates of the enteric organisms were subjected to test of antimicrobial susceptibility using technique of agar...
Prevalence and multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli in urinary tract infection cases of HIV patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
May 2022
The study determined the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-PEc) in HIV-infected individuals with urinary tract infections (UTIs) attending Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA II), and the responses of these bacterial pathogens to colistin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and ertapenem. Exactly 200 urine samples (mid-stream) were collected from...
Bacterial contamination and risk factors associated with naira notes circulating in Polytechnic Campus, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria
May 2022
The abused Nigerian currency became an issue of concern recently, when the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) launched a nationwide enlightenment campaign aimed at educating the public on the proper handling of Naira notes. The study investigated the current bacterial contamination of Nigerian currency notes as well as the risk factors associated with it in Polytechnic Community Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria. A total of 32 samples of...
Resistance profile of Staphylococcus strains and detection of the Mec A, Van A and Van B genes in private hospitals in Benin
May 2022
The present study aims to identify the emergence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus resistant to vancomycin and to investigate the presence of Mec A, Van A and Van B genes among Staphylococcus strains isolated from hospital environment. For each type of sample, surface of beds, recyclable material, boxes of rodar, floor and door slats, 53 samples were taken. So, a...
Isolation, biochemical characterization and safety screening of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria from spontaneously fermented cereal products from Western Kenya
April 2022
The global demand for non-dairy beverages has sky rocketed especially so during this Covid-19 pandemic for potential health benefits. Development of probiotic strains from fermented cereal and legumes with the ability to grow well and adapt to gastrointestinal conditions at the same time possess high therapeutic ability will be a great achievement. This study aimed at isolating and screening probiotic potential Lactic...
Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from fomites in some day care centres in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
April 2022
This study was conducted by carrying out the isolation, identification and determination of the sensitivity profile to antibiotics in bacteria isolated from fomites in some day care centres in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and twenty-four fomites were collected from selected seventeen day care centers within Ile-Ife. These were cultured on nutrient agar plates incubated at 37°C for 24 h using...
Isolation and identification of phytopathogenic bacteria in vegetable crops in West Africa (Côte D’ivoire)
April 2022
Yield losses in food crops due to plant pathogenic bacteria are significant and increasing over the years. The increasing losses caused by bacterial plant pathology are explained by the emerging resistance of bacteria to the chemical agents used in plant protection. Moreover, these chemical agents harm the environment through residue accumulation leading to soil pollution and the perturbation of the soil's inner...
Morphological and molecular characterisation of termite species in Taita Taveta County, Kenya
April 2022
The diversity of termites remains obscure despite having seized the equatorial ecological community with numerous effects both environmental and solvent. In the current study, morphology and DNA based techniques were used to appraise the heterogeneity of termites in Taita Taveta County. Soldier termites were arbitrarily fragmented from the five main plant lives in the study region. A dissecting microscope was used to...
Prevalence of anemia and associated factors in HIV-1 infected children before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Burkina Faso: A retrospective study
April 2022
Anemia is a public health problem and has significant adverse health consequences in HIV-infected persons. In Burkina Faso, there are little data on anemia in HIV-1 infected children. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors in HIV-infected children before and after their highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This was a retrospective study that involved a cohort of 151...
Antibody responses after Oxford AstraZeneca (Covishield) vaccine among healthcare workers in Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
March 2022
Oxford AstraZeneca (Covishield) vaccine is the 1st vaccine administered in Bangladesh to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The antibody response after 1st and 2nd doses of this vaccine was assessed in health care workers of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Blood sample was collected from healthcare workers (teachers, clinicians and medical staff) after 28 days...
Influence of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms and phosphate amendments on pearl millet growth and nutrient use efficiency in different soils types
March 2022
Two greenhouse growth trials were performed to assess inoculation with phosphorus (P)-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) in combination with alternative sources of phosphate in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) cultivation: One using sandy soil and the other using clayey soil. The treatments comprised five P sources, with or without inoculation with PSM B119 (Bacillus megaterium) and B2084 (Bacillus subtilis) strains....
Assessment of antiplasmodial and immunomodulatory activities of endophytic fungal metabolites from Azadirachta indica A. Juss
March 2022
This study reported the antiplasmodial and immunomodulatory activities of extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Azadirachta indica. The extracts were evaluated for potential in-vivo and in-vitro antiplasmodial activity using murine malaria models and microtechnique methods respectively. Immunomodulatory potentials of the extracts were assessed using cyclophosphamide-immunomyelosuppression in mice and...
Diversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated to Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) in Benin
March 2022
Bambara groundnut, despite its attributes in providing protein to human, is facing soil fertility and degradation problems, always leading to little performances. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) constitute a microorganism group used by many researchers to improve productivity of crops in poor soils. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and diversity of AMF associated to Bambara groundnut in different...
Novel Alleles 8 and 9 Strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides circulating in South East Nigeria and Comparison with Vaccine Reference Strain T1/44
March 2022
Control of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is difficult in Nigeria due to lack of sufficient data. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides is the causative organism of CBPP. This disease is endemic in Nigeria with serious economic impact. This study was undertaken to characterize M. mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) in cattle in south-east Nigeria using single-locus sequence analysis based on polymorphism analysis of...
First report of Fusarium oxysporum causing root rot of garlic in China
February 2022
In the springs of 2020 and 2021, with a temperature of 15°C, root rot on garlic were widespread in Enshi, Hubei Province, China. Based on micro-morphological and cultural characteristics, the pathogen was identified as a Fusarium sp. Further, based on multilocus (ITS, EF-1α) phylogenic data, the strains were identified as Fusarium oxysporum. Koch’s postulates were thus fulfilled by pathogenicity tests on...
Profiling of meropenem-resistant bacteria in a river receiving wastewater effluent from a pharmaceutical industrial unit
February 2022
The aim of the present study was to understand the seasonal occurrence and diversity of species of meropenem-resistant bacteria in the Gumuncheon river receiving effluents from a pharmaceutical industry in Seoul, Korea.Water samples were collected from the Gumuncheon river in Kyoung-gi province during winter (January), spring (April), summer (August), and fall (November) of 2018. Water samples were plated in triplicate...
Isolation and in-vitro assessment of antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against Magnaporthe oryzae Longorola strain causing rice blast disease in Mali
February 2022
Pyricularia oryzea (Magnaporthe oryzae) causes blast diseases in rice (Oryza sativa) in Mali. The losses could reach 90% of production during rainy weather conditions. Isolation and characterization of M. oryzae and Trichoderma species were carried out to assess the importance and distribution of the pathogen and antagonist Trichoderma species in rice fields in Sikasso (Mali), and select, in vitro, Trichoderma species...
Cellulolytic activity of bacteria from the gut of termites (Macrotermes michaelseni) from Eldoret and Kakamega
February 2022
Cellulose degrading bacteria in termites are important plant degraders as they play an essential role in digesting cellulose for termites. This study aimed to identify cellulose degrading bacteria in termites (Macrotermites michaelseni) collected from Kakamega and Kapsabet region. Six termites were aseptically crushed in an Eppendorf tube containing distilled water. To distinguish cellulose degrading bacteria from...
Isolation of potentially pathogenic bacteria from Musca domestica captured in hospitals and slaughterhouses, Khartoum state, Sudan
February 2022
This study aimed to isolate and identify bacterial and parasitic pathogens from houseflies captured in hospitals and slaughterhouses. The present study involved 300 houseflies, of which 150 houseflies were collected from hospitals and 150 from slaughterhouses. Two samples were obtained from each housefly; one sample was obtained from the surface of the housefly, and the second was extracted from the intestine of the...
Impact of mycorrhization on transplanting stress and the juvenile growth of an Ivorian forest species Guibourtia ehie (Fabaceae, (A. Chev.) J. Leonard)
January 2022
Ivorian forest has been experiencing degradation for several decades despite reforestation efforts. The main cause of the failure of reforestation policies is an important mortality at the time of planting (transplanting stress). To remedy this problem, mycorrhization technology based on the beneficial effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could provide a sustainable solution. The objective of this study was to...
Isolation and identification of cellulose-degrading endophytic bacteria from Tomoceridae (springtails)
January 2022
Springtails are considered as an important candidate bioindicator to assess soil quality spiked with trace metals, but little is known of their endophytic bacteria. In this study, a kind of Tomoceridae springtail was used, and a total of 45 effective sequences were obtained through the process of endophytic bacteria isolation, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. After NCBI-BLAST, the...
Antibiotic-producing bacteria isolated from some natural habitats in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria
January 2022
High global prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria due to antibiotics misuse has prompted the need for novel antibacterial compounds to replace the failing antibiotics. This study investigated some natural habitats in Abuja, Nigeria, for antibiotics-producing bacteria. Thirty-six soil samples from termite mounds, river banks and rhizospheres of Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew tree), Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm....
Characterization of culturable microbial community in oil contaminated soils in Greater Port Harcourt Area, Nigeria
January 2022
The study investigated microbial population dynamics in soils of Greater Port Harcourt Area, Nigeria. The study involved the quantification of petroleum pollutants and the enumeration and characterization of culturable fungi and bacteria. Gas Chromatograph FID method was used to quantify total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soil while morphological and biochemical tests were used to characterize the microorganisms....
Microbiological, nutritional and sensory evaluation of snack bars developed using Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) and maize (Zea mays)
January 2022
Over the years, snacking has become a regular habit for majority of the population with increasing need for food manufacturers to meet consumers’ demand through product development. In this study, snack bars were prepared using maize and Bambara nuts mixed in the following ratios: A, 100% maize; B, 100% Bambara nuts; C, 50% maize: 50% Bambara nuts; D, 75% maize: 25% Bambara nuts; E, 75% Bambara nuts: 25% maize....
Molecular characterization of high-risk infection vaginal bacteria isolated from pregnant women in CHU-MEL of Cotonou (Benin)
December 2021
The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of the genotypic pathogenicity traits of vaginal high-risk infectious bacteria (HRIB) collected in the CHU-MEL of Cotonou (Benin). To achieve this, a recto-vaginal swab of 42 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy was collected. Species identification was carried out by specific biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested according to the...
Notice of Retraction: General steps in the production and establishment of transgenic chicken lines carrying a bacterial lacZ gene expressing ?-galactosidase
December 2021
The editors of the African Journal of Microbiology Research (AJMR) are retracting the article, “General steps in the production and establishment of transgenic chicken lines carrying a bacterial lacZ gene expressing β-galactosidase” published in 2012 (Vol. 6(20), pp. 4344-4354, 30 May, 2012). This is because the data published were duplicated from a dissertation (submitted to the Graduate...
Taeniasis-cysticercosis complex and tuberculosis in food
December 2021
Although in 2020 the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) declined 4.1% compared to the previous year, the participation of livestock in the same period increased its representation from 8.4 to 10%. It is estimated that Brazil's contribution to the world food market has grown from 20.6 billion to 100 billion and the prospects are for greater increases for the coming years. In terms of people fed, the numbers...
Antibiotic resistant pattern of bacteria in untreated hospital wastewaters from Offa Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria
November 2021
This study determined the prevalence and drug resistant patterns of bacteria isolated from untreated hospital wastewaters collected from selected hospitals in Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 42 composite samples were aseptically collected, transported and analyzed for enumeration of microorganisms, bacteriological identification and susceptibility testing following standard procedures. The...
Fungal contamination of dental appliances: A cross- sectional study
November 2021
Orthodontic treatment makes necessary to use a longtime fixed-band appliance, it offers suitable conditions for fungal growth, dentures also allow fungal contamination on their surfaces. The aim of our study is the identification of the fungal species colonizing surfaces of dental appliances, the cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 patients wearing dental appliances, during 5 months, and sterile swabs were used...
Diagnostic value of two HIV rapid diagnostic tests 16 years after their adoption in national strategies in the Central African Republic (CAR)
November 2021
The broad genetic diversity of HIV requires regular reassessment of adopted HIV diagnostic tests. The objective of this study was to reassess the performances of Determine® HIV 1/2 and Uni-gold® HIV1/2, 2 HIV rapid diagnostic tests of the national algorithm, adopted since 2005 in Central African Republic. A reference prospective panel of 150 plasma samples were tested in duplicate with Determine® HIV 1/2 and...
Etiological and predictive factors of Acute Meningitis in Mansoura fever hospital, Egypt
November 2021
Meningitis is a public health concern. It is caused by several etiologic agents that vary by age group and geographical area. This study aims to highlight the etiological and predictive factors of acute meningitis in hospitalized febrile patients in Mansoura Fever Hospital, Egypt. This study includes cases admitted with suspected meningitis. The study is conducted in the period between April 2019 and March 2020. Lumbar...
Seroprevalence and behaviour at risk of zoonotic transmission of bovine brucellosis in Namentenga Province, Burkina Faso
November 2021
Bovine brucellosis is a major zoonosis caused by Brucella abortus. It is a disease with a high hygienic and economic impact that mainly affects breeders, handlers and consumers of dairy products and animal health professionals. It is therefore a real public health problem. The objective of this study was to assess seroprevalence and risk behaviour for zoonotic transmission of bovine brucellosis in Namentenga Province in...
Survey on efficiency of inoculation methods of Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and yield of Thymus kotschyanus
November 2021
Thyme is one of the most important medicinal plants in wild rangeland in Iran that has lots of benefits. Pseudomonas flourescence is one of the effective plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) as a bioinoculant for medicinal plants. This study aims to survey three inoculation techniques with PGPR on growth and oil content in Thymus kotschyanus for organic cultivation. For this research, an experiment...
RAPD-based evaluation revealed genetically diverse populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus lytic bacteriophages isolated in urban sewage and Ebrie Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire
October 2021
The application of bacteriophages biocontrol requires the formulation of genetically distinct bacteriophages in a phage cocktail. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) - PCR is considered a cheap, reproducible, and readily applicable tool in detecting phage diversity compared to other molecular techniques such as whole-genome sequencing. We used in this study the RAPD-PCR technique to assess the genetic diversity of...
Characterization of bacterial strains from bacterial culture collection of rice sheath in Burundi highlights an Alcaligenes species strain with antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas fuscovaginae rice pathogen
October 2021
The sheath rot rice disease is known to be associated to Pseudomonas fuscovaginae and a recent study on the symptomatic of sheath rot revealed that this bacterial pathogen is abundant in highland rice ecology cultivation in Burundi. From asymptomatic samples of sheath rice, a collection of bacterial isolates and culturable microbiome have been carried out. A comparison between the culturable microbiome and total...
Biosafety, bacteriological quality and strategy of biopreservative administration for controlling spoilage bacteria in Thai traditional dried seafood products
October 2021
Biosafety has currently become an important public health issue in seafood industry of Thailand. In order to enhance quality of seafood products, three phases of study were established. In the first phase, biosafety of traditional processed squid sold in Chon Buri province, Thailand compiled from literatures between 2002 and 2019 was evaluated. The squid products represented a health hazard due to 86.5% samples, having...
Prevalence of SEA and SEB producing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foodborne- outbreaks in Iran
October 2021
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen causing a wide variety of diseases such as skin infections, food poisoning, pneumonia and septicemia in humans and animals. Among the bacterial agents of food poisoning, S. aureus is the most common agent worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of SEA, SEB enterotoxin producing S. aureus isolated from foodborne outbreaks in Iran. In this study, 313...
Rabies virus in biting dogs and behaviour at risk of zoonotic transmission of rabies in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
October 2021
Rabies is an infectious, viral disease, usually inoculable by dog bite and common to humans and other mammals. It is a major zoonosis but neglected especially in Africa. However, it is the most serious and feared zoonosis in the world because once declared it leads inevitably to death. The objective of this study was to search for rabies virus in biting dogs received in 2020 at the veterinary clinic of the National...
Q fever in Tunisia, an underestimated infection
October 2021
Q fever is a common zoonosis with almost a worldwide distribution caused by Coxiella burnetii. Farm animals and pets are the main reservoirs of infection and transmission to humans is usually via inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Infection in humans is often asymptomatic, but it can manifest as an acute disease (usually a self-limited flu-like illness, pneumonia or hepatitis) or as a chronic form (mainly...
Hazard assessment and resistance profile of Escherichia coli strains isolated from bovine carcasses at the main slaughterhouses of Dakar, Senegal
September 2021
Foodborne bacterial hazards and antibiotics resistance are a public health threat. This study aimed at assessing the slaughter conditions, the bacteriological quality of bovine carcasses and at determining the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated from bovine carcasses. A questionnaire was administered to 41 stakeholders on the slaughter line. Swabbed carcasses were analyzed according to the...
Candida spp. associated with hot beverages of coffee and tea sold on street in Côte d’Ivoire
September 2021
Some Candida species are considered as human opportunistic pathogens and can play an important role in spontaneous fermentations, but also as beverage-spoiling microorganisms. The aim of this pioneering study was to investigate Candida spp. in hot beverages, which is consumed mostly on the streets in Côte d’Ivoire. Yeast strains were isolated from 400 hot beverages of tea (200) and coffee (200) samples....
Prevalence of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized and ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk marketed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
September 2021
The aim of this study was to determine the level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in pasteurized and UHT milk marketed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AFM1 in pasteurized milk samples (75) and ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk (43) was determined by using immuno-affinity high performance liquid chromatography. AFM1 was detected in 97% (115/118) of samples that consisted of 96% (72/75) of pasteurized milk samples and 100%...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype diversity in Busia, Western Kenya
September 2021
HIV infection is currently the single biggest epidemic globally. HIV the etiologic agent for AIDS is divided into two types: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-2 is rare and is mainly found in some parts of West Africa. HIV-1 accounts for most cases of AIDS reported globally. HIV-1 strains can be classified into four groups: The "major" group M, group O, group N and the most recent group P. All of which may represent...
Detection of Legionella pneumophila as the cause of atypical pneumonia in the water sources of the holy places of Makkah
August 2021
Legionella pneumophila is an important pathogen and is involved in more than 95% of cases of severe atypical pneumonia. The current study focused on the ablution water in the grand mosque in Makkah as well as water tanks in hotels surrounding the holy mosque. A total of 100 water samples were collected from ablution water in the Haram and the hotels in the central area around the grand mosque and sent to the...
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistant gram negative bacteria isolated in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia
August 2021
Antimicrobial surveillance and identifying the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance provide important information to optimize patient care. The present study is an analytical cross sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), pan drug resistant (PDR) and extended-spectrum ?-lactamases genes among Gram-negative bacteria isolated in Saudi...
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