Impacts of climate change on global coffee production industry: Review
May 2017
Next to petroleum oil, coffee is the most internationally transacted commodity in the world; consumers from all around purchase and enjoy coffee in their daily activities. Climate change has emerged in recent years as one of the most critical topics at almost all actors. The impact of climate variation in all producing countries is predicted to be negative, even though within each country, it would vary a lot....
Berries: Cultivation and environmental factors effects on the phenolic compounds content
May 2017
Berries are rich in bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, fiber, macro and microelements and have high content of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites. The consumption of a diet rich in polyphenols has in epidemiological studies been associated with a lower incidence of degenerative diseases including cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases. The preventive effects are often attributed, in part, to phenolic...
Occurrence and distribution of cucumber mosaic virus in cucurbits in Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia
May 2017
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is an important pathogen in agricultural crops which is spread throughout the world with a wide host range. In Indonesia, CMV is also an important pathogen that infect various high economic value crops. Karanganyar regency is a horticultural production centers in Central Java. Its foremost products are cucurbits incuding cucumber (Cucumis sativus), melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus...
Opportunities and constraints of beekeeping in Wolaita and Dawro zones, Southern Ethiopia
May 2017
This study was conducted in districts of Wolaita and Dawro zones, Southern Ethiopia with objectives of assessing constraints and opportunities for beekeeping production. Multistage purposive sampling procedure was employed for 180 respondents. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The results showed that majority of the respondents kept honey bees for consumption and income generation, while very few reported they...
Evapotranspiration and control mechanisms in managed Amazonian forest in, Pará, Brazil
May 2017
This work examines whether management causes changes in evapotranspiration (ET) surface conductance (gs), aerodynamic conductance (ga) and the decoupling factor (Ω) in managed and natural forest sites in a tropical rain forest in the Amazon. The study was conducted in the Tapajós National Forest (FNT) in managed (logged) and natural (unlogged) forests, which have micrometeorological towers for...
Effect of replacing inorganic with organic trace minerals on growth performance, carcass characteristics and chemical composition of broiler thigh meat
May 2017
Micro minerals (Trace minerals) are required for normal growth and development in broilers. The present study was undertaken to compare the effect of replacing inorganic with organic trace minerals on growth performance, carcass characteristics and chemical composition of broiler thigh meat. A corn soybean based diet supplemented with organic trace minerals (OTM) (x) and an inorganic trace mineral (ITM) (y) was...
Dynamics and adaptation of agricultural farming systems in the boost of cotton cropping in southern Mali
May 2017
Integration of crop and livestock production systems constitutes an important engine for agricultural development and enhancement of smallholder farmers' livelihoods in the least developed countries. For the last forty years, the Malian cotton sub-sector has recorded mixed growth trends, having been initially successful before declining and then catching up. The growth dynamics in the cotton sub-sector has permitted...
Mathematical modeling of the pulp drying curves murici (Byrsonima crassifolia): The foam layer drying
May 2017
The murici is a fruit of the Brazilian cerrado, with striking aroma and nutritional value. It is known that the fruit drying process for obtaining the murici dry contributes to the preservation of the product, the content of nutrients and enables your addition in formulations, emphasizing the sensory and nutritional quality of food. A drying method that has been expanding in Brazil is the method of drying foam layer,...
Soil fertility status of seasonally closed wetland ecosystem (ondombe) in north-central Namibia
May 2017
In the Cuvelai Seasonal Wetland System (CSWS) of North-central Namibia, there are widespread manifestations of seasonally flooded river and seasonally closed wetland ecosystems (ponds). These wetlands are called oshana (seasonally flooded river wetland) and ondombe (seasonally closed wetland) according to the local language. This study was initiated to find out the soil fertility status of ondombes and whether they...
Fuzzy simulation of bioclimatic indexes environments with and without cover for Santa Inês sheep farms
May 2017
This study aimed to analyze bioclimatic indexes: black globe temperature and humidity index (BGHI) and radiant thermal load (RTL) in Santa Inês sheep farms, with and without coverage to develop a fuzzy logical computational model to forecast variables analyzed experimentally. Ten Santa Inês sheep were placed in two cover paddocks, and one without cover. Data recorded were: air temperature schedules and black...
Prevalence of equine lungworm and associated risk factors in Sudie district, Oromia region, south eastern Ethiopia
May 2017
A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2014 to March 2015 to determine the prevalence of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi and to identify associated risk factors in equines in Sudie district, south eastern Ethiopia. A total of 384 faecal samples were collected randomly from horses (n = 128), donkeys (n = 217) and mules (n = 39) for coprological examination. Isolation of D. arnfieldi was performed using a modified...
Composition of different composts and vermicompost and effects of their application rates on growth parameters of pot grown tomato
May 2017
Two sets of pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different compost types (market compost, home compost and vermicompost) and their rates on growth of pot grown tomato. During the first experiment, two compost types (market and home composts) each applied at four rates (0, 200, 400 and 800 g/pot) were evaluated while during the second experiment all the three compost types including vermicompost...
The decision making process on the adoption of innovations in the Brazilian Serra Gaúcha hills vitiviniculture: The case of Wine Producers Association of Altos Montes, at Serra Gaúcha/Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil (APROMONTES)
May 2017
This article discusses the decision-making process of Wine Producers Association of Altos Montes, at Serra Gaúcha/Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil (APROMONTES) winegrowers and winemakers, in their process of adopting innovations to increase their competitiveness. To do that, we used the Prospect Theory. Data collection was conducted through interviews with 12 wineries, 25 winegrowers of APROMONTES wineries, and, as...
Viruses infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Tanzania: A review on molecular characterization, detection and disease management options
May 2017
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major legume crop, serving as a main source of dietary protein and calories and generating income for many Tanzanians. It is produced in nearly all agro-ecological zones of Tanzania. However, the average yields are low (<1000 kg/ha), which is attributed to many factors including virus diseases. The most important viruses of common bean in Tanzania are Bean common mosaic virus...
Potential of antranilic diamides applied in seeds of soybeans with and without cry1ac protein for Helicoverpa armigera caterpillar control
April 2017
In Brazil, the caterpillar Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a key economic pest of soybean, from seedling emergence to the reproductive stage. Control of this pest has relied on foliar insecticide sprays, and the use of insect-resistant cultivars. Characterization of the efficacy of insecticides that can be used for seed treatment, as a complement or alternative control for this pest, is needed for the production...
Two new wheat varieties for irrigated conditions of Afghanistan
April 2017
New high yielding and disease resistant wheat genotypes were introduced in 2008-09 crop season through 4th Elite Bread Wheat yield Trial (EBYT) as well as 2nd Stem Rust Resistance Screening Nursery (STEMRRSN). One genotype from EBYT performed 15% higher than commercial variety, Mazar 99 during five years of testing at over eight locations in Afghanistan and was therefore recommended for release for commercial...
Towards attaining equity and satisfaction in water allocation mechanism for irrigated agriculture in Northern Nigeria
April 2017
Mechanism for water allocation in the irrigated agriculture has been subject of conflict and challenges in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) due to higher input in rice farming and increasing water shortage. How satisfactory is the allocation mechanism by the stakeholders (the providers, policy-makers and the farmers) and how do farmers perceive equity objective on the existing water allocation mechanism in Nigeria? This paper...
Effect of urea treatment and concentrate mix supplementations on feed intake and digestibility of Horro sheep fed cured maize husk (Zea Mays) at Bako, Western Ethiopia
April 2017
Feed intake and digestibility experiment were conducted using twenty yearling male Horro sheep weighing 20.42 ± 0.35 kg (mean ± SD). The objectives of the study were to evaluate the response of Horro sheep to feed intake and apparent digestibility when supplemented with different level of noug seed meal and wheat bran mix (1:1) on DM basis. For this study, randomized complete block design was employed....
Seasonality influence the nutrient content of litter fall in secondary forest in the Amazonian
April 2017
Secondary forest vegetation in the Bragantina area, Northeast of Pará State, is characterized by the abandonment of anthropized forests, locally known as capoeiras, in different successional stages. The current study aims to evaluate the nutrient concentrations in order to identify the treatment that have caused greater nutrient deficiency due to full and partial litter spacing well as to assess the capoeira with...
Exogenous ascorbic acid improved tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) by increasing antioxidant activity under salinity stress
April 2017
Salinity causes additional manufacture of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, and ascorbate plays important role in maintaining of ROS scavenging antioxidant enzymes. In this study, the role of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) was examined on growth, chlorophyll and oxidative stress related enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in three maize hybrids under NaCl mediated salt stress. In hydroponic culture, AsA was...
Identification of pulmonary lesions in slaughtered cattle and associated risk factors, North West Ethiopia
April 2017
A gross pathological examination of pulmonary lesions on 399 cattle slaughtered at Gondar ELFORA abattoir was conducted on in the period November, 2011 to March, 2012 with the objectives of estimating the frequency of various pulmonary lesions and the associated risk factors and gross lesions were screened and the most encountered lesions were emphysema, pale and dark red to dark gray color of the lung, hepatization,...
Cattle manure and liquid biofertilizer for biomass production of yellow passion fruit seedlings
April 2017
This study aims to evaluate the production of biomass of different cattle manure, and biofertilizer concentrations. The experiment was conducted between April and June 2014 in a greenhouse at the seedling production nursery of the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba (PB) state. The experiment was completely randomized in a 5 x 2 factorial design corresponding to five levels...
Smallholder farming in Brazil: An overview for 2014
April 2017
The goal of this paper is to provide an update on smallholder farming in Brazil. Instead of using data from the last available Agricultural Census (2006), a database from the Ministry of Agrarian Development for 2014 was used. These data are extracted from a tax form called “Declaração de Aptidão ao Pronaf-DAP” (Declaration of Aptitude to Pronaf) that is mandatory for all farmers in...
Potential hydrogen ion of Quartzarenic Neosol with joint application of lime and gypsum
April 2017
The objective of the study is to investigate the interaction of lime and gypsum during incubation of soil samples in response to pH and also check the possibility of using more than one treatment for a single model by model identity method. The analysis of the potential hydrogen ion (pH) was performed in the Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, Federal Institute Goiano, Campus Rio Verde - GO, Brazil. The soil used is...
Evaluation of root-knot nematode resistance in sweetpotato
April 2017
Five healthy, vigorous cultivars of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] were cultivated under root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita challenge to distinguish levels of resistance to infection. Roots and soil samples were collected 84 days’ post-infection and evaluated for specific host responses to nematode infection by visual screening analysis and quantitative assessments of symptoms of infection....
On-farm evaluation of integrated weed management in no-till rainfed crops in semi-arid Morocco
April 2017
Field studies were conducted from 2012-13 to 2014-15 to investigate the dynamics of germinable soil seedbank, density and community composition of weeds in crop rotations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) + pea (Pisum sativum L.) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Oued Zem, semi-arid Morocco. In September 2012, the initial seedbank in 6 fields was 2354 seeds m-². When herbicide-free barley + pea forage...
Effect of plant population and nitrogen rates on growth and yield of okra [Abelmoscus esculentus (L). Moench] in Gambella region, Western Ethiopia
April 2017
Okra is one of the most important crops next to maize and sorghum production in Gambella Regional States. Okra production and yield maximization has not been attained due to lack of appropriate production practices such as optimum plant spacing and fertilizer use. Therefore, the research was conducted to assess the effect of plant population, and nitrogen rate on growth and yield components of Okra (Abelmoscus...
Biological nitrogen fixation and yield of pigeonpea and groundnut: Quantifying response on smallholder farms in northern Malawi
April 2017
The global nitrogen (N) cycle is markedly, and increasingly, influenced by anthropogenic inputs. A large unknown remains the quantity of biological N fixation (BNF) inputs derived from agriculture. This leads to major uncertainties in modeling reactive N interactions with climate change, and understanding N biogeochemical processes. Understanding N dynamics is central to enhancing productivity in cropping systems. ...
LED in production systems of laying hens: An alternative to increase sustainability
April 2017
The Brazilian poultry production currently has a substantial impact on the national and international economy. Brazil ranks sixth in the world rankings of the largest egg producers. However, the activity still has barriers related to management and facilities, such as high waste of electrical energy due to the low energy efficiency of the lighting systems. The artificial lighting programs represent an important...
Crop yield potential as telltale indice of soil weathering extent and fertility status: The case of East African Highland Bananas
April 2017
In the African Great Lakes Region, bananas are grown on a diversity of soils with different weathering stages. However studies using the crop yield potential as a mean of soil weathering degree assessment are still scanty. Bananas were grown on five soils types to test if such a relationship could be ascertained. Mineralogical composition, elemental total analysis, routine chemical analysis, oxalates and...
Interaction between potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) on the severity of Yellow Sigatoka in banana plants
April 2017
The main control measure of Yellow Sigatoka (Pseudocercospora musae) in banana plants (Musa spp.) has been the planting of resistant varieties, and fungicide application. However, the use of adequately nourished plants is also emphasized as a complementary control method. This study evaluated the influence of interaction between potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) in nutrient solution on the severity of Yellow Sigatoka in...
Irrigation technology and crop choices in Ethiopia: Spate vis-a-vis rainwater-harvesting irrigation technologies
April 2017
Moisture-stress weakens the use of modern inputs such as fertilizer, which could undermine yields. In a growing population, low yields cause food shortage. Investing in irrigation mitigates moisture-stress but expensive for smallholder farmers. Spate irrigation, a sudden flood run-off diverting, is cheaper to invest in than other irrigation technologies such as ponds and shallow-wells. This study investigated factors...
Effect of different doses of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice in Ndop, North West of Cameroon
April 2017
This study was conducted in 2015 in Ndop, Ngoketujia Division in the North-West region of Cameroon. Four varieties of rice were used: NERICA3, NERICA7 (upland rice), NERICA36 and NERICA42 (lowland rice). Two types of fertilizers N-P-K (23-10-05 and N-P-K (20-10-10) were tested at different doses (0 kg-contol; 180 kg, 200 kg, 220 kg-treatments). The trial was set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a...
Relevance of endo-β-mannanase enzyme in coffee seed deterioration process
April 2017
The endo-β-mannanase acts on the hemicellulose fraction of the endosperm cell walls, mainly mannans and galactomannans. This process weakens cell walls and allows radicle protrusion during seed germination, but may also occur during the deterioration process. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine the activity of endo-β-mannanase enzyme in dry coffee seeds and in soaked seeds, evaluating its...
Socioeconomic profile and farm management practices of smallholder cocoa farmers in three cocoa producing districts in Southwestern Ghana
April 2017
There is paucity of knowledge about the current socioeconomic status and farm management practices of cocoa farmers in Ghana. And not up-to-date an accurate knowledge of socioeconomic profile and farm management practices of cocoa farmers is necessary to ensure sustainable cocoa production. In this study, we assessed socioeconomic profile and farm management practices of smallholder cocoa farmers in three cocoa...
The effect of plant density on growth and yield of ‘NsukkaYellow’ aromatic pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
April 2017
Nsukka yellow pepper is an important aromatic pepper that is highly valued for heat, spice and flavour in Eastern Nigeria. The study was initiated to investigate the effects of different plant population densities on the morphological and fruiting characteristics of Nsukka yellow pepper cultivar. Eight treatment combinations giving rise to different population densities were used. The data on the number of leaves,...
Physiological and behavioral responses of dairy heifers in an integrated-crop-livestock-forestry system
April 2017
The integrated crop-livestock-forestry system has been an option in tropics to mitigate the effects of heat stress on pasture-based system for dairy cows. We evaluate the effects of shade arrangements in integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems on physiological and behavioral responses of crossbred dairy heifers. Twenty-four crossbred European-Zebu heifers with 330.0±36.7 kg of body weight were assigned in...
Utilization of wheat bran and dried Acacia saligna (Labill) H.L.Wendl leaves by highland rams
April 2017
This study was conducted to evaluate body weight gain, feed intake and digestibility of highland sheep supplemented with wheat bran and dried Acacia saligna leaf five treatments, namely grass hay as a control (T1), 100 g per day A. saligna, (T2), 200 g per day A. saligna (T3), 300 g per day A. saligna (T4) and 400 g per day A. saligna (T5) with a fixed amount (200 g per day) of wheat bran was provided to the...
Impact of land use and management practice on soil physical and chemical quality indicators of Vertisols at Pawe, Northwestern Ethiopia
April 2017
Soil quality is a function of inherent and dynamic properties of soil which determines the sustainability of crop and animal production. Based on this fact, the study was aimed to investigate the effects of land use systems and management practices on soil physical and chemical quality indicators of Vertisol at Pawe district, Northwestern Ethiopia. The result revealed that most of the soil physical and chemical...
Impacts of deforestation on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia
April 2017
The ever increasing demand of farmland, fuel wood and charcoal production coupled with population growth has accelerated the rate of forest reduction in Ethiopia. This has resulted in soil erosion and land degradation. This study was conducted at Arba Minch Zuria Woreda Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples’ Region (SNNPR), with the aim of assessing impacts of deforestation on the livelihood...
Using morphometric traits for live body weight estimation and multivariate analysis in Central Highland and Woyto-Guji Goat Breeds, Ethiopia
April 2017
The study was conducted to differentiate the Woyto-Guji and Central Highland goat breeds of Ethiopia and derive the most accurate linear regression equation for live body weight prediction. Morphological measurements were taken on randomly selected 531 adult female goats (263 from Woyto-Guji and 268 from Central Highland). Positive and highly significant (P<0.001) correlations were observed between body weight and...
Amelioration of cacao seedlings with bio – degraded coffee husk for enhanced nursery performance
April 2017
Cacao is a major economic crop in West Africa and some other parts of the world and is grown through nursery prior to field establishment. The husk of Coffea species forms over 40% of the matured seeds and is regarded as a waste despite its nutrient composition status. Husks of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora were degraded using Trichoderma harzianum, Streptomyces spp. and the combination of these microbes for...
Biological nitrogen fixation by pigeon pea and cowpea in the “doubled-up†and other cropping systems on the Luvisols of Central Malawi
April 2017
Legumes form a very important component in Malawi’s cropping systems because of their roles in food security, income generation and soil fertility improvement through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). They are commonly grown in various cropping systems including sole cropping, cereal-legume intercrops and legume-legume intercrops (also commonly referred to as “doubled-up”). However, information on...
Maturity indices for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Ghalia 281 in Central Uganda
April 2017
Application of maturity indices and optimal harvest time improves handling and marketing operations and minimizes pre and postharvest losses for tomato products. Growth patterns of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Ghalia 281, were therefore analyzed to determine nondestructive maturity indices for optimal harvest regimes. Propagation experiments were run in central Uganda in 2015. A total of 216 tomato fruits were...
Fertilizer micro-dosing in West African low-input cereals cropping: Benefits, challenges and improvement strategies
April 2017
Soil amendments are often unavailable in adequate quantities for increased crop production in smallholder cereal-based cropping systems in Africa. In order to increase crop yields and encourage farmers to apply inorganic fertilizers, fertilizer micro-dosing technology was developed. Fertilizer micro-dosing or “micro-fertilization” consists of the application of a small quantity of mineral fertilizer together...
Response of Wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) to Variable Seed Rates: the Case of Hawassa Area, Southern Ethiopia
April 2017
Wheat serves as a staple food and feed for all over the world. In Ethiopia, wheat is one of the most important cultivated cereals ranking 4th in area coverage, 3nd in total production and 2nd in yield. A wheat seed rate of 125 kg ha-1 is usually used across most wheat growing areas of Ethiopia in any production conditions. In order to optimize seed rate and plant density of wheat, an experiment was conducted at the...
The performance of Soybean using Moringa as alley to improve soil productivity in North-Central Nigeria
April 2017
This study assesses the performance of intercropping Glycine max (Soybean) and Moringa oleifera under alley cropping in Abuja, Nigeria during the 2014 and 2015 cropping season. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The replicates contained five plots each, separated between blocks by 1 m pathway and 0.5 m within the blocks. The plot measured 5.0 m × 4.0 m...
Embryo-like structures and root regeneration induced by 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in twenty African sweet potato cultivars
April 2017
Embryo-like structures were induced from ‘whole leaf’ explants of sixteen of the twenty investigated sweet potato cultivars on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.2 mg/L) at the Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute Tissue culture laboratory. Shoot and root regeneration was possible in the non-African cultivar, Jonathan, whereas only root...
Elucidation of the betalainic chromoalkaloid profile of Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi (Cactaceae) from ParaÃba, Brazil
April 2017
The cacti are important plant genetic resources of the Brazilian semiarid region, with potential for the extraction of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids. The objective of this research was to characterize and quantify the chemical constituents of Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi occurring in caatinga in the Westland of Paraíba,...
Impact of crop rotation sequences on potato in fields inoculated with bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum
April 2017
The potato industry in Kenya is threatened by bacterial wilt because most production areas are infested with the wilt-causing Ralstonia solanacearum and over 50% yield losses have been reported. Continuous cultivation causes soil physical and biological constrains that greatly affect the crop performance and increase proliferation of the bacterium. Rotation with non-host or suppressant plant species could contribute to...
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