Survival rate of donkey foals: Status quo and improvement methods
August 2021
The industrial improvement of donkey-hide gelatin and the development of related products, such as donkey meat, donkey milk, and donkey-hide gelatin cake, drive the upstream donkey breeding industry. However, the shortage of donkey germplasm resources seriously restricts the further development of the donkey industry. Under the biological limitations of long breeding cycle, slow breeding, low conception rate, high...
Effect of light quality on in vitro germination, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigments production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
July 2021
Due to its economic importance, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been the subject of most breeding studies, most of which having as a starting point the in vitro cultures required for initiating different cell and tissues cultures such as protoplasts, ovules and pollen cells. All these procedures are used to obtain new varieties or hybrids regarding the improvement of different qualities such as higher productivity,...
Changes in some behavioral, hematological and biochemical indices of air-breathing Clarias gariepinus [BUCHELL, 1822] exposed to pharmaceutical effluent
July 2021
This work aimed at evaluating the behavioral, biochemical and hematological effects of pharmaceutical effluent in laboratory population of Clarias gariepinus using a static renewal bioassay system. Fish specimens were collected and exposed to five (0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.12 mgL-1) sublethal concentrations of the effluent including a control experiment. Different dose dependent behavioral responses such as erratic...
An efficient in-vitro regeneration system of Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) using apical meristems
July 2021
Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is an important crop for food and nutrition security, incomes, and livelihood of people in developing countries. Its cultivation and productivity have been limited mainly due to a lack of quality planting materials. Therefore, this study developed an effective micropropagation method for two common taro varieties in Kenya (Purple Wild and Dasheen) using apical meristem derived from...
Effect of intercropping aerobic rice with leafy vegetables on crop growth, yield and its economic efficiency
July 2021
Aerobic rice production system provides a sustainable alternative to the traditional rice cultivation. To evaluate the agronomic and economic effect of intercropping aerobic rice with four leafy vegetables, field experiments were conducted at University of Agriculture Science Bangalore research station, India during 2017 and 2018. The experiments consisted of 9 treatments with 4 replications and, a Randomized Completely...
Control of ginseng leaf black spot disease by endophytic fungi
July 2021
Ginseng plants associated with a number of fungi, several of which are reported to protect it from pathogens, thus improving plant growth. This study aimed to screen Panax ginseng leaves for endophytic fungi and to assess these fungi for their efficacy to inhibit ginseng black spot disease caused by Alternaria panax. A total of 256 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from P. ginseng leaves. Most of the fungal...
CRISPR/Cas genome editing: A frontier for transforming precision cassava breeding
June 2021
Improved agricultural production of essential crops through advanced breeding is important for increasing access to nutritious food for the world's rapidly growing population, which is expected to reach 9.8 billion by 2050. Recent advancements in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing process, which uses single-guide RNA for genome...
Efficacy of thymol and eugenol against bacterial wilt bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum
June 2021
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major constraint to production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L). To date, there are no known conventional bactericides which provide effective control of this soil borne pathogen. This study aimed at investigating the antibacterial activity of eugenol and thymol which are the major components of thyme and clove essential oils, respectively against R. solanacearum....
Effect of VIUSID-Agro™ on the conversion of somatic embryos of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cv. Red Caturra rojo-884
June 2021
A critical factor in the in vitro propagation protocol via somatic embryogenesis of coffee is the survival and growth of plants under ex vitro conditions. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of VIUSID Agro™ during the conversion of somatic embryos of coffee cv. Red Caturra rojo-884 in semi-controlled culture conditions. Two solutions (0.5 and 0.8 mL L-1) of the biostimulant were evaluated on in...
Antimicrobial potentials of idiolites of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Dacryodes edulis
June 2021
The growing levels of antimicrobial resistance have triggered interest in the search for alternative compounds to wage the war against it. Plants have been shown to harbor endophytic fungi that produce bioactive idiolites, which have potential lead compounds in the development of new drugs. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Dacryodes edulis. Endophytic fungi...
Imaging from anatomic to molecular and atomic resolution scales: A review
June 2021
Imaging may be referred to as the ‘eyes of science’ as it provides scientists with highly informative multi-dimensional and multi-parameter data usually invisible to the naked eye. As instrumentation technologies and genetic engineering advances, it’s possible in modern times to observe and image highly dynamic biochemistry processes. This paper reviews positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic...
Vigna radiata (mung bean) acid phosphatase is difficult to purify and may have a role as a vegetative Storage protein
June 2021
Acid phosphatase from mung bean (Vigna radiata) germinated seeds was partially purified via ammonium sulfate precipitation and fully purified via gel excision and heat denaturation, yielding a 29 kDa protein. Using 4-nitrophenylphosphate as a substrate, Vmax and Km values of 0.10 µmol/min and 0.27 mM, respectively, were obtained. The acid phosphatase was heat resistant, enhanced by the presence of Fe2+ and Mn2+...
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of AgNPS mediated by Ocimum sanctum
May 2021
This research focused on isolation of Silver Nano Particles (AgNPs) using leaf filtrate of Ocimum sanctum and evaluation of their antibacterial action against Bacillus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It is known that plant extracts act as reducing agents, stabilizers and as capping agents. The O. sanctum plant was specifically selected due to its medicinal properties and abundant availability. The...
Precise assessment of angular leaf spot severity using the Leaf Doctor app for common beans
May 2021
Angular leaf spot (ALS) is one of the most severe diseases of common bean. However, there is as yet no standardization of the phenological stage, inoculum concentration, diagrammatic scale (DS), and day of assessment for screening ALS resistance in bean lines. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential for assessment of ALS severity in common beans using the Leaf Doctor app and inoculation at the V2 phenological...
Optimization of growth media for maximal production of insecticidal vegetative protein (vip3A) from Bacillus thuringiensis and its activity against black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon)
May 2021
Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive bacterium naturally found in soil, water and grain dust. B. thuringiensis has been used for decades as biological control for pests of economical and medical importance. The aim of this study was to test different growth media for the optimal production of vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip3) by B. thuringiensis recovered from the local environment. The local B. thuringiensis...
Synthesis, physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of rhenium (I) tricarbonyl complexes of isatin Schiff bases
May 2021
The Schiff base of isatin and sulphanilamide (L1; C14H11N3O3S) was prepared and reacted with Re(CO)5X (X = Cl and Br) in toluene to give [Re(C14H10N2O)(CO)3X] (X = Cl, 1 and X = Br, 2). The prepared Schiff base of isatin and 4-methoxyaniline (L2; C15H12N2O2) was reacted with Re(CO)5X in toluene to give [Re(C14H10N2O)(CO)3X], where X = Cl, 3 and X = Br, 4. L2 and Re(CO)5Br were refluxed in dry toluene under nitrogen and...
Quantification and characterization of faecal sludge produced in Kara
May 2021
In Kara (Togo), as in most major sub-Saharan African cities, there is very little sewerage and autonomous systems are the most commonly used. These autonomous systems produce faecal sludge that must be drained and treated adequately in order to preserve the health of the population and protect the environment. Indeed, the risks are real, given the use of fresh faecal sludge in agriculture and the potential dangers of...
Production of truncated peptide (cellobiohydrolase Cel6A) by Trichoderma reesei expressed in Escherichia coli
May 2021
Enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis is an important step for the production of second-generation biofuels. The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is among the most important organisms for obtaining cellulolytic enzymes. The Cel6A (CBH II) cellulase from T. ressei plays an important role in cellulose hydrolysis and acts on the non-reducing end of cellulose, in contrast to Cel7B (CBH I), which acts on the reducing end of...
A rapid detection method on-site for Zygosaccharomyces based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD)
May 2021
The Zygosaccharomyces is notorious for its remarkable spoilage characteristics. In the present study, the visual and rapid identification of the genus Zygosaccharomyces was performed by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using specific primers in Mini Dry Bath within 30 min at 65°C followed by a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) detection. The sensitivity evaluation revealed LAMP-LFD assay with...
Composition and balance of the analytical fractionation of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca L.) seeds harvested in Senegal
April 2021
The desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca L.) can be one of the most common trees in Senegal. Thus, the objective is to carry out an analytical fractionation of these seeds to consider prospects for valuing the different constituents and a diagram of fractionation processes. The physical characterization of the seeds made it possible to know the fruit-seed and kernel-hull proportions. The chemical composition of the seeds...
Molecular characterization of bacteria strians isolated from “JIKO”: A herbal preparation consumed in some parts of Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria
April 2021
Herbal products are considered as phytomedicines which are used as complementary medicine and without adequate monitoring they are leased straightaway into the market. Preparation, transportation and handling of these products can lead to high microbial contamination which can be harmful to human health. The aim of this research was to molecularly characterize some multiple resistance bacteria obtained from JIKO which...
Serum total protein concentration and liver enzymes activities in albino rats model administered with ethanolic leaf extract of Ficus capensis
April 2021
There is an increased use of the Ficus capensis plant and concerns about safety alongside efficacy have been raised. The aim of this work is to study the total protein, bilirubin and serum liver enzyme activities in albino rats administered graded concentrations of ethanol extract of F. capensis leaf. Twenty-four albino rats were shared into four groups and different concentrations of the leaf extract were administered...
Investigation of the anti-bacterial properties of mangrove fern, Acrostichum aureum in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
April 2021
Mangroves render several ecosystem services globally, one of which is pharmacological products. This study was done to verify whether Acrostichum aureum, a species of mangrove, common in the Niger Delta has anti-bacterial property. Several leaf samples were plucked from the trees at Eagle Island and placed in a cooler and sent to the lab for further analysis. The leaves were dried and ground into fine powder with manual...
Isolation and characterization of a novel keratinolytic bacterial strain from soil samples of chicken feather keratinaceous-waste dumping sites of Ngaoundere (Cameroon)
April 2021
This study aims at characterizing new chicken feather-degrading bacteria isolated from soils of keratinic waste collected from four dumping sites of Ngaoundere. Fifteen proteolytic bacteria were isolated with three (D1, D2 and F1) showing the capacity to degrade feather in Basal Salt Media. Highest degradation rate (71.11 ± 3.05%) of feather was obtained from isolate D2 from Municipal slaughterhouse. The partial...
Comparison of homogenization methods for extraction of maize cob metabolites
March 2021
Previous proteomic studies have shown maize cob tissue to have an essential role in pathogen defense. Currently, there are no studies published regarding neither maize cob metabolomic profiles nor an accepted method of metabolite extraction from cob. This study assesses the reproducibility of metabolite extraction from the cobs of fungal pathogen -resistant and -susceptible cultivars. Hand grinding, mechanical...
Brewer’s residues and cocoa pod shells as a substrate for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus CCIBt 2339 and enzymes production
March 2021
This work investigated the best composition of a substrate for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus CCIBt 2339 using brewer's spent grain (SG) and cocoa pod shells (CP) complemented with hot trub (HT) and/or residual brewer’s yeast (RY). The residue HT was detrimental for cultivation and a substrate composition (%, w/w) of 58% SG + 40% CP + 2% RY – with a C/N ratio of 25.77 g/g – resulted in the best...
Adsorption of copper (II) ions onto raw Globimetula oreophila (Afomo ori koko) leaves
March 2021
This study examined the adsorption of copper onto raw Globimetula oreophila leaves. The adsorbent surface nature was examined using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Adsorption parameters such as the –log10[H+], point of zero charge, initial metal concentration, mass of biomass and contact time were determined. Copper adsorption decreased gradually with pH. The point of zero...
A novel genotype-independent technique for successful induction of somatic embryogenesis of adult plants of Jatropha curcas L. using petiole transverse Thin Cell Layer (TCL)
February 2021
Developing a protocol for somatic embryogenesis (SE) for adult mother plants of Jatropha curcas, aids to overcome problems such as harvesting time and an uneven yield, providing the opportunity to propagate proven elite genotypes. Until now, several authors have achieved SE in J. curcas using different explants, however, in none of these protocols adult plants have been used as mother plant material. Furthermore, the...
Analysis of the degradation of polyethylene, polystyrene and polyurethane mediated by three filamentous fungi isolated from the Antarctica
February 2021
Plastic polymers are petroleum-derived synthetic materials that have multiple uses in everyday life, but their excessive production has led to the accumulation of approximately 1,000 million tons of residues, causing negative ecological impacts. This study analyzed the biological degradation in liquid medium of polyurethane, polystyrene, and polyethylene samples by filamentous fungi isolated from Antarctica. The plastic...
In vitro daylily (Hemerocallis species) bract multiple shoot induction
February 2021
A bract is a non-inflorescence structure that exists in many plant species. In daylilies, the bract is biologically functional and is the object of the present tissue culture study. After sterilization, bract explants were treated with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) that were used individually or in combination in Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrients medium, under room environmental conditions, to study...
Response of French bean genotypes to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and evaluation of their resistance using SCAR markers
February 2021
Common bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the major biotic constraints to production of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Kenya. This study aimed at screening French bean genotypes in relation to their response to common bean anthracnose in order to identify potential sources of germplasm for breeding. The genotypes were tested in three sites (Kakamega, Mwea and Kutus) where results...
Identification of zygotic and nucellar seedling of Harumanis mango through molecular markers and morphological approach
February 2021
Identification of zygotic and nucellar seedlings of Harumanis mango by morphological approach is impossible or hard to be performed. Therefore, this research were to identify zygotic or nucellar seedlings from Harumanis mango polyembryonic seeds through simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers in relation with germination sequence and vigour of seedlings for source of true-to-type cutting material. The...
Expression, purification and testing of zinc metalloproteinase aureolysin as potential vaccine candidate against Staphylococcus aureus
February 2021
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a versatile bacterium which exhibits multiple antibiotic resistances. To ameliorate the undesirable diseases causing potential, there is a need to design a protective vaccine capable of stimulating immune response against this pathogen. In a similar study in our laboratory, reverse vaccinology approach was used to nominate potential vaccine candidate genes against S. aureus. Zinc...
Aspects of mushroom cultivation to obtain polysaccharides in submerged cultivation
February 2021
Medicinal and edible mushrooms have biological properties that are important in promoting health. In the last decades, an increasing number of studies have explored various aspects of the cultivation and metabolism of various species. Many isolated substances have potential for use in medicine and among them are polysaccharides, which have been shown to have physiological properties such as anti-tumor, immunomodulatory,...
Screening of maize germplasm for resistance to maize lethal necrosis disease in Zambia
January 2021
Maize is an important staple crop for humans and livestock feed in Zambia. A total of 473 maize germplasms were screened under maize lethal necrosis (MLN) artificial inoculation and disease pressure using an alpha lattice design to identify potential tolerant varieties as sources of resistance. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on the MLN score range of 1-9 showed that the levels of MLN resistance in the...
Biotreatment of water samples from Itakpe iron mining site, Kogi State, Nigeria using Bacillus species
January 2021
Four soil samples and water effluents each within the mining environment were tested in this study. Twenty six bacteria were isolated using nutrient agar and acidified nutrient agar. Gram staining and endospore staining were carried out to determine the Bacillus species used for bioremediation. Speciation of the microorganisms using 16S rRNA sequencing showed the organisms to be Bacillus cereus NK1, Lysinibacillus...
Use of mineral salts to remove recalcitrance to somatic embryogenesis of improved genotypes of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
January 2021
Some improved genotypes of cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.), have shown in standard study conditions of absence or a very low response to the induction of somatic embryos. This is the case of the recalcitrant genotypes C8 and C15, partially recalcitrant genotypes C14 and C16. This study aims to improve the production of somatic embryos of recalcitrant genotypes. Staminodes and petals excised from the immature buds of the...
Prospective study of dental implantology related patents in Brazil
January 2021
Technological innovation and the development of new products is what currently boost the competitiveness between enterprises and moves the economy. The technical-scientific advances in Dentistry grow each day and there are great investments by research centers and universities in new materials, especially in dental implantology. The objective was to evaluate the patents deposited and granted in implantology at the...
HBc antibody seroprevalence in HBs negative antigen blood donors at the Chad National Blood Transfusion Center in N’Djamena
January 2021
The aim of this study is to assess the risk of hepatitis B transfusion in negative HBsAg blood donors who test positive for anti HBcAb. From January to December 2019, an observational study of virological markers was carried out with blood donors (family and volunteers) at the National Blood Transfusion Center in N’Djamena. The donors included were also tested negative for the markers (Ab anti HCV, HIVAg/Ab and...
Comparative performance of different yeast strains in the production of bioethanol using simultaneous liquefaction saccharification and fermentation (SLSF)
December 2020
The performance of a hybrid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus (Yeast B) compared with an industrial strain of S. cerevisiae (Yeast A) was studied. The two strains of yeasts: Yeast A obtained from the Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency Ogbomosho and Yeast B obtained from Scotch Whisky Research Laboratory in Edinburgh, Scotland (Strain 63M) were studied...
Comparative studies on the antimicrobial, chemical and biochemical contents of the foliar extracts of Capsicum fructescens L. varieties
December 2020
Capsicum fructescens is a variety of Capsicum with much nutritional and therapeutic usefulness. This study is aimed at investigating the antimicrobial, chemical and biochemical properties of C. fructescens. The biochemical, mineral and phytochemical analyses of the extract were carried out using standard methods. The organic contents of the extracts were determined by GCMS to identify its bioactive constituents which...
First report of mortality in Phoenix canariensis associated with subgroup 16SrIVâ€D phytoplasmas in Coahuila, Mexico
December 2020
In 2015, a disease of unknown origin appeared in Torreon, Coahuila, in the Northeast of Mexico, causing great mortality in Phoenix palms, especially in Phoenix canariensis. Until early 2019, around 1300 palms died from this disease. The aim of this study was to determine its etiology. The symptoms registered in affected palms were similar to those described for Texas Phoenix Palm Decline (TPPD). Phytoplasmas were...
Role of microorganisms in biodegradation of food additive Azo dyes: A review
November 2020
Food additives Azo dyes are synthetic compounds added to foods to impart color and improve their properties. Some azo dyes have been banned as food additives due to toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic side effects. Long exposure to foods containing azo dye leads to chronic toxicity. Some microorganisms are capable to degrade these dyes and convert them to aromatic amines. In human body, microbiota can play a vital role...
Isolation and molecular characteristics of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from hospital attendees in Ebonyi State, Abakaliki
November 2020
This present study was designed to determine the occurrence frequency of blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli, and their antibiotic resistance patterns among hospital attendees in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Out of the 73 uropathogenic E.coli isolates analyzed, 52 were identified to be ESBL producers using double disk synergy technique. The frequency of...
Development of starter cultures carrier for the production of high quality soumbala, a food condiment based on Parkia biglobosa seeds
November 2020
In this study, three Bacillus subtilis (B7, B9 and B3) and one Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (I8) strains previously selected as potential starter cultures were cultivated on boiled dehulled African locust bean seeds to produce ready to use ferments. These ferments were then used to produce soumbala. The microbial load changes during ferments production were evaluated. Biochemical and microbiological characteristics of the...
Effects of inoculation with some native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth
November 2020
In Burkina Faso, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) sector plays a very important socio-economic role. However, its production is confronted by many constraints, among which is the soil poverty in mineral elements such as nitrogen and available phosphorus resulting in an increase in the area of land that is sown for this crop and an increase in the use of chemical inputs. In addition, chemical inputs have shown their...
An investigation of meristem culture in Anchote [Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cong.] under the influence of plant growth regulators and media strength
November 2020
Considering the potential benefit of meristem culture in the mass production of quality propagation materials, an experiment was conducted to investigate meristem culture in KUWE (G1) and 223098 (G2) genotypes of anchote. Concentration levels of 6-benzylamimopurine (BAP) with and without gibberellic acid (GA3) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for shoot induction while BAP and kinetin (Kn) for shoot multiplication were...
Genetic progresses from over four decades of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Poaceaea family] breeding in Ethiopia
October 2020
Information on genetic progress achieved over time from a breeding program is absolutely essential to develop effective and efficient breeding strategies. Thirty-seven improved lowland sorghum varieties released between 1976 and 2016 and promising advanced lines were evaluated to estimate the genetic progresses made in 40 years of sorghum breeding in Ethiopia. The study was conducted at 2 environments during 2018...
Diversity assessment of vanilla (Vanilla species) accessions in selected counties of Kenya using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers
October 2020
Diversity assessment of vanilla (Vanilla species) in Kenya is a key strategy for germplasm conservation and improvement. Production of vanilla crop in Kenya is limited due to inadequate knowledge on genetic diversity. This study was carried out to characterize 76 vanilla accessions from five counties of Kenya using 14 microsatellite DNA markers. POPGENE version 1.32 was used to compute variety factors. Amplicons ranged...
Advancing adoption of genetically modified crops as food and feed in Africa: The case of Kenya
October 2020
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and Genetic Engineering (GE) technology has been around since mid 1990s. Numerous successful applications of genetically modified (GM) crops have been recorded in different parts of the world. The technology has been adopted steadily in several countries with acreage under GM crops steadily increasing in many cases. Socio-economic studies show GMO adoption result in improved...
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