Genetic diversity among Fusarium species associated with sorghum stalk rot in Southern Ethiopia
April 2019
Fusaria are very diverse and destructive pathogens affecting different crops. However, their identity and diversity are unresolved in countries like Ethiopia, where various crop species are grown under differing environmental conditions. The objectives of this paper were to identify Fusarium spp. associated with sorghum stalk rot in Southern Ethiopia, and elucidate the genetic diversity within and between the species....
Copper (II) ions adsorption by untreated and chemically modified Tectona grandis (Teak bark): Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies
April 2019
In this study, untreated Tectona grandis (UTG) and citric acid- modified T. grandis (CAMTG) bark powder were used for the adsorption of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution. The UTG and CAMTG were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption characteristics were carried out by determining the solution pH, initial concentration of Cu (II) ions, effect of time...
Isolation of five type IIG restriction modification (RM) enzyme genes with different DNA recognition sites from a single environmental DNA sample
March 2019
A new method of screening type IIG restriction modification (RM) enzyme has been developed using REBASE, a database of all known and putative restriction enzymes and methyltransferases found throughout the bacterial genome sequences available in GENBANK. The in silico analysis of a group of putative type IIG RM enzymes in Microcystis aeruginosa showed a high sequence homology at both ends. This peculiarity allows for...
Ultra high dilutions: A review on in vitro studies against pathogens
March 2019
Multiple in vitro studies using homeopathic medicines are conducted for their effectiveness against various microbes. The reporting of results and the methodology in many studies are a query. The present review reveals the evidence based medicinal effects of homeopathic medicines on various plant and human pathogens in vitro with the help of quality studies. The studies showed positive outcome for homeopathic medicines....
Study of oxygen transfer processes improvement for domestic wastewaters treatment
March 2019
In aerated processes, the oxygen transfer was limited by the presence of the suspended matter as colloid and the dissolved matter, which might decrease the biological degradation effectiveness. In this publication, three series of tests were conducted to study possibilities to reduce these matters: bacterial adaptation which was conducted in a biological aerated filter, adsorption/biosorption conducted on a biological...
Phytochemical analysis and antinociceptive activity of bitter ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) cultivated in Manaus/Amazonas
March 2019
The present work concerns the analgesic effects of zerumbona, obtained from Zingiber zerumbet L. Smith cultivated in Manaus/Amazonas. The compound has been studied for decades because it has potent cytotoxic activity against liver and prostate tumor cells, colon, and breast. The plant is rich in sesquiterpenes, glycosylated flavonoids that present important pharmacological activities; standing out cytotoxic activity...
Polymorphisms in IL-10 (-1082) and IFN-ð›¾, (+874) cytokine genes associated with resistance or susceptibility to Schistosoma haematobium infection in primary school children of Mount Darwin, Zimbabwe
March 2019
The promoter region of human interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene is highly polymorphic while the first intronic region of interferon gamma (IFN-ï§) gene is also highly polymorphic. These polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility or resistance to Schistosoma haematobium infection. Schistosomiasis is known to be a highly inflammatory disease that requires the delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The...
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker-based DNA fingerprinting of some varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) released in Nigeria
March 2019
Over time, precise, specific and rapid identification of variety have been achieved via fingerprinting with molecular markers. In this research, 13 out of 45 screened simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were employed to fingerprint 27 rice varieties (22 are commercially released while five are suspected duplicates from the hands of marketers with different names) in Nigeria. The SSR primer pairs (13) were polymorphic...
Genetic diversity using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers in Tinospora cordifolia from the Rayalseema region in Andhra Pradesh
March 2019
Tinospora cordifolia is a highly important medicinal plant in India, with a rich source of different secondary metabolites. In the present study, 12 samples of T. cordifolia (collected from different areas of Rayalseema region,Andhra Pradesh) were studied for genetic diversity using 15 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and eight inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. Out of them, 10 RAPD and 5 ISSR primers...
Genetic diversity of antibiotic and plant extract resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitalized patients in Ekiti State, Nigeria
March 2019
This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of antibiotics and plants extract resistant Staphylococcus aureus using molecular technique. A total of 106 human clinical samples were collected from patients in three different hospitals within Ekiti State. Microbiological and molecular analyses were performed using standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test with common antibiotics and plant leaves extracts...
Physicochemical and microbiological stability of muffins packed in actives edible coatings from cassava starch: Inverted sugar/sucrose and natural additives
March 2019
The aim of this study was to develop edible coatings containing natural additives incorporated to the matrix of cassava starch, for use in muffins, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of its use in the increase of shelf life and maintenance of the products characteristics. Seventeen film forming formulations were developed following a central composite experimental design (CCD). The influence of independent variables...
Stem bark of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes a possible substitute of root bark for the conservation of the species in Burkina Faso
February 2019
Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes (Lam.) is used for some health purposes in Burkina Faso. However, human action threatened this species in its native environment and its regeneration is difficult by the way of population. The main focus of this study is to discriminate samples of zanthoxyloïdes from different plant populations in order to find good specimens for traditional medicine and thus contribute to the...
Improvement of nutritional, sanitary and organoleptic qualities of liquid zoom-koom and instant flour zoom-koom using Lactobacillus fermentum starter culture
February 2019
Traditional fermented beverages occupy an important place in the diet of populations in Burkina Faso. Zoom-koom in particular remains one of the most consumed cereal-based drinks in cities like Ouagadougou. The drink zoom-koom is consumed primarily in the liquid form and to short scale in the reconstituted form called instant flour zoom-koom. Being able to diversify zoom-koom taste and aroma and to improve the...
Comparison of oil quality extracted from selected conventional and non conventional sources of vegetable oil from Malawi
February 2019
In this study, oil quality with respect to physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics extracted from nonconventional seed oil namely Moringa oleifera, Adansonia digitata, Parinari curatellifolia and Cajanus cajan and conventional seed oil namely soybean (Glycine max) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) was assessed and compared. Results showed that there were significant differences in various quality parameters...
Quantitation of differential expression of transcription factors under moisture deficit stress in sugarcane
February 2019
Moisture deficit stress, one of the abiotic stresses, affects sugarcane growth and development and reduces cane and sugar yields. Transcription Factors (TFs) are master regulatory proteins in all living cells which have the capability of activating or repressing transcription of stress responsive genes in order to activate the stress tolerance mechanism. Study of expression profiles of TF genes which regulate the...
Analysis of the mitotic effect of Annona muricata leaf extracts on Allium cepa root tip cells
February 2019
There has been a growing interest in medicinal plants by the locals of the Pacific Islands since it is readily available. Annona muricata, commonly called soursop is one of such plants which is popular because it is being used to treat initial stages of cancer due to its antioxidant properties. This study investigated various extraction methods which could be used to compare and see the effectiveness of each on the...
Genetic structure of cassava populations (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from Angola assessed through (ISSR) markers
February 2019
Eighteen ISSR primers (between Simple Repeated Sequences) were used to estimate the genetic diversity of Angolan cassava populations in order to identify genetic variabilities and their potential to be used in the diversification of cassava crops in Angola. In order to do so, three populations from three Angolan provinces were analyzed (Cuanza Norte, Uige and Malanje), which totaled 40 genotypes. In total, 116 bands...
Regulation of a dominant glutathione S-transferase and Na+/K+ by spermidine under salinity in onion
February 2019
Spermidine (Spd) is one of the most important polyamines (PAs) showing important roles in growth, development and stress responses in plants. The role of Spd in regulation of a dominant glutathione S-transferase (GST, E.C.2.5.1.18) and ionic balance of Na+ and K+ in onion leaves were examined. Onion GSTs were separated from fresh bulb tissue using DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Three GSTs were eluted at 56, 120 and 169...
Enhancement of saponin accumulation in adventitious root culture of Javanese ginseng (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) through methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitation
February 2019
Javanese ginseng (Talinum paniculatum) is an herb and one of the traditional medicinal plants in Indonesia which accumulate saponin in the root organ. However, slow root growth hampers the accumulation of the compound in this plant. Therefore, in vitro culture of adventitious roots offers an alternative way to increase the production of saponin. Furthermore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of methyl...
Antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic activities of Dendropanax morbifera extract for production of health-oriented food materials
February 2019
Antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-diabetic effects of fermented and non-fermented Dendropanax morbifera extracts were compared to assess the potential utility of this species in the development of health-oriented food. The non-fermented extract (NFDE) was obtained from leaves and branches of D. morbifera and the fermented extract (FDE) was prepared by inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis after...
Antimicrobial activity of Basidiomycetes fungi isolated from a Kenyan tropical forest
January 2019
Microbial diseases remain to be a major global public health challenge. Their devastating effects have been exacerbated by the development of drug resistant strains. On the other hand, the biodiversity of tropical Basidiomycetes fungi is well recognized as an untapped source of potential bioactive compounds for the development of novel antimicrobials. Thus, in the current study, Basidiomycetes’ fruiting bodies...
Obtainment, applications and future perspectives of palm kernel
January 2019
Of African origin and with an estimated world production of 6.85 million tons, palm kernel oil contributes about 3% of the total world production of oils and fats. With such production, the world waste generation was about 10,026 × 103 tons in 2017, which represents an important environment issue. The present work aimed to review the literature on the main methods of extraction, applications, and future...
In vitro regeneration of two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties from leaf explants
January 2019
The traditional way of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) propagation is time consuming and allows disease transmission from generation to generation. Moreover, it is difficult to improve this crop through conventional plant breeding methods. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for ‘Canonannon’ and ‘Chenin Blanc’ varieties of grapevine using...
Effect of cutting position and indole butyric acid (auxin) concentration on rooting response of Araucaria heterophylla
January 2019
The effects of cutting position (tip, middle and basal) and concentration of indole butyric acid (IBA) (0, 5, 7.5 and 11 g/L) on root and shoot growth of Araucaria heterophylla were evaluated to develop a method for vegetative propagation for this tree species. Leaf number, number of adventitious roots, root length and survival rates were measured. These parameters were significantly influenced by the interactive effect...
Is the introgression of Lobi/Baoulé cattle by zebuine genes in Burkina Faso Lobi cattle threatened?
January 2019
Burkina Faso livestock is made up of two main cattle population, namely Zebuine and Taurine. Transhumance and settlement of Zebu cattle breeders in tsetse challenged areas lead to cross-breeding Zebu and Taurine. Introgression of the Zebu cattle may have changed the structure of the trypanotolerant Lobi/Baoulé breed. The objective of the present study was to appreciate the introgression of Zebu genes into...
Plant biotechnology: A key tool to improve crop production in Rwanda
January 2019
Rwanda’s economy relies on agriculture; nevertheless, crop production remains insufficient for both local consumption and exportation. Overall, enough agriculture yields in Rwanda to ensure food security has not yet been achieved regardless of more than 87% population engaged in agriculture activities. In this context, this study aimed at gathering the information on Rwanda’s agriculture based on different...
Evaluation of the morphological and quality characteristics of new papaya hybrid lines in Kenya
January 2019
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is among the most grown fruit crops worldwide with high economic and nutritional value. In Kenya, the papaya industry relies heavily on imported varieties and farmers’ selected seed whose quality is not known. Therefore, the morphological and quality characteristics of mature fruits of eight newly developed papaya hybrids and their control, Sunrise solo were assessed using papaya...
Haplotype analysis of Ethiopian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and elite lines for yellow rust resistance genes using linked molecular markers
January 2019
Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat in Ethiopia. Poor knowledge of resistance genes deployed in Ethiopian wheat cultivars is one major factor for recurrent epidemics of rust diseases. Molecular marker based gene identification showed the presence of Yr1, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr10, Yr17 and Yr18 in various frequencies, whereas Yr8 was not detected in...
Evaluation of the diversity in qualitative traits of Bambara groundnut germplasm (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) of Côte d’Ivoire
January 2019
The objectives of this study were to assess phenotypic diversity of Bambara groundnut germplasm from Côte d’Ivoire using qualitative traits and to understand the genetic diversity at different levels. Hundred and one accessions collected from four agro-ecological zones (central, eastern, northern, western) were characterized in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Thirteen qualitative...
Enhancement of anaerobic batch digestion of spineless cacti (Opuntia ficus indica) feedstock by aerobic pre-treatment
January 2019
One of the best options for African countries to meet rural energy needs is to grow care-free crassulacean acid metabolism plants on a massive scale in waste lands. This can enable bioenergy production without disrupting food supplies and hence sustainable energy supply for the future. Opuntia ficus indica is an ideal plant for arid regimes but has barely been studied as a potential bioenergy source. This study...
Decolourization of synthetic dyes by laccase enzyme produced by Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii DW1 and Pichia manshurica DW2
January 2019
Industrialization has come with environmental challenges. Industries like paper, printing, textile, leather and so on widely use chemical dyes whose waste treatment or degradability is difficult. Among various methods employed, the use of microbial enzymes is the most effective. The study aimed at producing laccase from identified yeast strains for potential industrial use in dye decolourization. Laccase produced by...
Comparison of antimicrobial properties of two spices commonly consumed in Nigeria and effect of temperature on their antioxidant properties
December 2018
The study compared the antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) from Piper guineense (Uziza) and Xylopica aethiopica (Uda) using diffusion and dilution assays, and evaluated their antioxidant properties at different temperatures. Comparison of the antimicrobial activities was determined using well-in-agar diffusion, disc diffusion and broth dilution methods against Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp and Bacillus...
Dynamics of the concentration of the hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine at the beginning of the reproductive season and the effect of application of iodine in Nelore heifers bred in pasture
December 2018
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones, their relation with body condition score (BCS) and reproductive stage of 248 Nelore heifers, and the effect of iodine application on the induction of cyclicity of 217 anoestrus heifers in pasture at the beginning of the reproductive season. At day zero (D0), an assessment of the BCS was performed. An examination of...
Isolation and characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum strains causing bacterial wilt of potato in Nakuru County of Kenya
December 2018
In Africa, cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) represents an important food source and income generation. However, its productivity is constrained by biotic and abiotic stresses. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important constraint to the world potato industry. In Kenya, the disease affects 77% of potato farms causing yield losses of up to 100%. Control methods are limited mainly due to the...
Degradation kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic and atrazine by Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilát
December 2018
The degradation kinetics of different sources of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) and atrazine by the natural strain Mo008 of the basidiomycete fungus Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilát was studied, knowing that in this process the strain used produces an enzyme complex composed of manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase, and the response on the global consumption rate and yield is...
Determination of trace elements and heavy metals content of green and black tea varieties consumed in Iran
December 2018
The aim of the present study was to determine the level of selected heavy metals in green and black tea varieties consumed in Iran. Samples were prepared with the acid digestion method and measured by polarography. The mean concentration of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu was 0.505±1.632, 0.417±0.268, 0.325±0.249 and 4.151±3.739 mg/100 g for black tea, and 2.442±4.003, 0.284±0.198,...
Quali-quantitative characterization of the honey from Myracrodruon urundeuva allemão (Anacardiceae - Aroeira): macroscopic, microscopic, physico-chemical and microbiological parameters
December 2018
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the external and organoleptic characters, microscopic, physico-chemical, chromatic and microbiological parameters of the honey from Myracrodruon urundeuva allemão (Anacardiceae - Aroeira) of the Jequitinhonha River Valley / Brazil, in order to create its geographical indication. In the first stage a data survey was carried out to characterize the production of...
Clausenidin upregulated p53 and caused apoptosis in HT-29 tumor cell lines
December 2018
Clausenidin is a pyranocoumarin majorly found in medicinal herbs of the Rutaceae family used to treat cancer patients locally in Asia. The compound is presumed to have anti-cancer cell effect but its exact mechanism of action is still unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of pure clausenidin on p53-mediated apoptosis as well as other cell death pathways in colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines. The...
Effects of heat sources on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in selected fish samples from Ogidingbe (Escravos Estuaries)
December 2018
The riverine areas of the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria are popularly known for their smoked fish from both fresh and salt water. To the people living in these areas, smoking is a method of preservation as the fish is known to undergo spoilage within 8 h of harvest from its natural habitat; though not without the potential health hazard associated with smoked foods. During smoking, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons...
Superoxide dismutase activity and jasmonic acid during in vitro-ex vitro transition of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) micropropagated plantlets
December 2018
Recent agriculture is characterized by intensive and cleaning productions, which need seeds with high quality in large quantities bonded by in vitro culture labs. Nevertheless, in vitro ex vitro transition and during acclimatization losses occur due to the death of plantlets unable to survive this abiotic stress. Reactive oxygen species production during jasmonic acid-induced changes of previous transition was...
Marker-assisted pyramiding of Xa21 and Xa7 genes conferring resistance to bacterial leaf blight in indica cultivar Bacthom7
December 2018
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice fields. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the causal agent of BLB. Two BLB resistance genes, Xa21 and Xa7, were transferred into the susceptible indica cultivar Bacthom7 (BT7) by using marker-assisted selection with markers pTA248 for Xa21 and ID7 for Xa7. Improved BT7 lines carrying the two resistance genes were inoculated...
DNA extraction from silica gel-preserved common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves
December 2018
Extraction of non-degraded and contaminant-free DNA from field specimen requires collection under liquid nitrogen which is not readily available in resource constrained laboratories in low and middle income countries (LMICs). A method of extracting DNA from silica gel-preserved common bean (Proteus vulgaris L.) leaves is presented. The method, which does not involve the use of phenol, chloroform or isoamyl alcohol also...
Preliminary study on rice straw degradation using microbial inoculant under shake flask condition
December 2018
Abundance and unmanaged agriculture residues lead to unutilized resource waste and environmental pollution. Application of microbial technology to manage agriculture waste could produce value-added product. A preliminary study on biodegradation of rice straw using different potential microorganisms was tested under controlled environment. Three different inoculant cultures were used to observe their efficiency in rice...
Identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) resistance in genotype UG 5
November 2018
Soybean rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most serious and widespread foliar diseases of soybean causing high yield losses world-wide. The objective of this study was to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) resistant to soybean rust in genotype UG 5. Ninety-seven F2 mapping plants, obtained from a cross between Wondersoya and UG 5, were used for this study. Quantitative trait locus analysis using QTL...
Marker-assisted backcrossing for associating nutritional quality to drought tolerance in barley
November 2018
Backcross breeding enhanced by marker assisted selection is currently the most powerful method used to transfer one or a few genes controlling specific traits from one line into another. This method was used to cross naked barley variety, “Tombari” known as A, having high nutritional quality with hulled variety, “Giza131” called B, highly tolerant to drought. The objective of this work is to...
Characterization of fifteen microsatellite loci and genetic diversity analysis for the Ghanaian food security crop Solenostemon rotundifolius (Frafra potato)
November 2018
Frafra potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius) is an important food crop indigenous to Western Africa and a member of the Labiaceae (mint) family. It is nutrient-rich and drought tolerant; however, despite its potential as a food security crop, it has not received the research support needed to promote its widespread adoption and safeguard its diversity. As a result, Frafra potato is becoming extinct and restricted to...
Evaluation of genetic diversity of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) landraces from West Africa using microsatellite markers
November 2018
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is an important staple food crop, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of West Africa. However, the genetic diversity of pearl millet in these regions is poorly understood, and yet it is useful in identification of landmarks for in situ germplasm conservation and breeding programs, particularly in establishment of heterotic groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess...
Comparison of four DNA extraction methods in Heliconia (Heliconia L.)
November 2018
Molecular analysis in plants requires the use of high quality DNA. Currently, there are a myriad of DNA extraction protocols, which still seems that their applicability across different species is not straightforward. The aim of the present study was to evaluate four different cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-based DNA extraction protocols for Heliconia species from lyophilized fully mature leaves. A split-plot...
Bioremediation potentials of sunflower and Pseudomonas species in soil contaminated with lead and zinc
October 2018
This study was conducted to assess the ability of sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) inoculated with Pseudomonas species to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals (lead and zinc). The contaminants were added to 20 kg soil in pots as lead nitrate (Pb (NO3)2) and zinc nitrate (Zn (NO3)2); 400 mg/l metal concentrations were added to 20 kg soil in pots. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design...
Applications of genomic copy number variations on livestock: A review
October 2018
Genomic copy number variations (CNVs) have significantly modified genomic regions during inversions, translocations, duplications and deletions that keep shaping phenotypic variation through changes in gene dosage, regulation and transcript structure. The objective of this review was to discuss the current application of CNVs on domestication, adaptations, productions, coat colour, morphology and diseases of livestock,...
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