August 2017
Obtaining mutant fungal strains of Aspergillus niger with high production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using ultraviolet light irradiation
A strain of Aspergillus niger PR-142 native to northern coast of Peru was subjected to successive processes of mutagenesis by ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation at 253.7 nm to increase the production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). An initial selection was made by considering the mutants with increased invertase activity followed by the measurement of β-fructosyltransferase (FTase) activity both in mycelium and...
August 2017
Post-harvest conservation of ‘Rubi’ grapes treated with abscisic acid
Loss of mass, shatter and decay are undesirable for fresh grapes, as they decrease the cluster quality during post-harvest conservation. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of abscisic acid (S-ABA) application on ‘Rubi’ grapes’ loss of mass, shatter, decay incidence and conservation periods. ‘Rubi’ grapes’ clusters used in the experiment were gotten from a commercial...
August 2017
In vitro plant regeneration from ovules of Taraxacum officinale and Taraxacum koksaghyz
Taraxacum koksaghyz, the Russian dandelion, produces latex in its taproots and is an alternative to Hevea brasiliensis as a source for rubber. Studying the inheritance of rubber content and yield as well as breeding of T. koksaghyz could strongly benefit from haploid or doubled haploid techniques. Therefore, this study aimed at establishing the conditions to produce haploid and/or double haploid T. koksaghyz plants....
August 2017
Artificial spawn generation based on alginate encapsulated mycelium as inoculum for mushroom cultivation
Spawn quality is an important factor that affects the final yield in mushroom production. One of the most common risks is the contamination of substrates and spawn by mitosporic fungi. Some species do not easily grow on grain substrate as traditional species do and these find it real difficult to produce spawn. A method was evaluated to produce spawn for mushroom production based on aseptically encapsulated mycelium...
August 2017
In vitro potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth under different orientation and light/dark exposure conditions
In vitro storage of prolific potato cultivars increases labour, space and material costs due to frequent sub-culturing. A method that reduces frequent sub-culturing can lower maintenance costs of potato storage. A study was undertaken to assess in vitro growth of potato under either (1) complete dark exposure, (2) dark exposure for three days only and then to light or (3) light exposure throughout. Also, micro shoots...
August 2017
Detection of enterovirus in mussels from Morocco by cell culture and real-time PCR
The bivalve shellfish are filter feeders and they act as natural bio-filters in seawater and can thus efficiently bio-concentrate and bio-accumulate enteric viruses in their digestive tissue. In Morocco, shellfish sanitary quality analysis does not currently include enteric virus detection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to detect the presence of enterovirus in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected...
August 2017
The potentials of production of biogas from constructed wetland macrophytes
This study investigated the potential of biogas production from three (3) constructed wetland macrophytes: Water hyacinth (WH), cattail (CT) and Cyperus papyrus (CP). The digesters used had capacity of 0.22 cm3 each. They were operated under anaerobic conditions with organic loading rate (ORL) of 0.2 kg VS/m3.day and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 days. Observations were made for a period of 128 days. The results...
August 2017
Alkaline hydrolysis effect using NaOH on sugarcane bagasse from urban centers for ruminants
The aim of this study was to evaluate the alkaline hydrolysis of chemical composition of sugarcane bagasse from urban centers. The experimental design was completely randomized design in split plots (5×4), composed of five application levels (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) and four NaOH exposure periods (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) in four replicates. Dry matter, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and...
August 2017
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in popcorn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines
The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of embryogenic calluses and plant regeneration of seven popcorn inbred lines (Zea mays L.) in order to identify lines for further transference of genes to a generation of transgenic plants. The N6 medium with supplementation was used to induce calluses in immature embryos, and supplemented MS medium was used to stimulate plant regeneration of P11, P12, P15 and...
August 2017
Synergistic antibacterial effect of Lepidium sativum and Coriandrum sativum against standard and drug resistant clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria
Emerging and increasing resistance to antibiotics has become a threat to public health globally. Spices and herbs are considered as rich source of bio-active antimicrobial compounds. Thus the aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of Lepidium sativum and Coriandrum sativum seed extracts and their synergistic action against some selected pathogenic bacteria; namely: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus...
August 2017
Review on factors affecting the quality and antioxidant properties of tomatoes
Postharvest losses in tomatoes are not only quantitative but also qualitative losses which directly can have a negative impact on consumer’s preference, nutritional quality and income of producers. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that can affect the postharvest quality and antioxidant composition of tomatoes. Tomato quality is an outcome of several factors including cultivar selection, environmental...
August 2017
Quorum sensing signal production by sponge-associated bacteria isolated from the Red Sea, Egypt
Bacteria regulate their social activities and physiological processes through a quorum sensing (QS) mechanism. Many bacteria inhabit the mesohyl matrix of sponges. This symbiotic relationship is believed to contribute to the health and nutrition of sponges by production of protective antibiotics, the acquisition of limiting nutrients and nitrogen fixation. Marine isolates were analysed by bioassays using two different...
August 2017
Antibacterial activity of Aspergillus isolated from different Algerian ecosystems
Thirty two strains of Aspergillus genus were isolated from soil samples obtained from particular ecosystems: Laghouat endowed with a desert climate and Teleghma with a warm and temperate climate. Based on the morphological aspect, this collection was subdivided into ten phenotypic groups. This identification was confirmed by molecular analyzes using a molecular marker of the genu ribosomal 18s. This marker will allow us...
August 2017
Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is non-toxic and eco-friendly than commonly used physicochemical methods. The study focuses on synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of AgNPs synthesized using aqueous extract of Moringa stenopetala (M. stenopetala) leaves. Optimum heating time required for the preparation of aqueous extract of M. stenopetala leaves was 15 min. It was found...
August 2017
Outbreak investigation of Newcastle disease virus from vaccinated chickens in Eritrea
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important infectious viral diseases of poultry in Eritrea. Diagnosis of ND virus infection in Eritrea has been mainly based on clinical examination and post mortem lesions. This study describes ND diagnosis using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction PCR (RT-PCR), virus isolation and serological techniques (haemaglutination inhibition test) from two times vaccinated 40...
August 2017
Genetic and phenotypic variations in egg shell colour of two ectotypes of Giant African Land Snail (Archachatina marginata var. saturalis)
Data from the snail farm of the University of Calabar, Nigeria were collected and utilized to investigate the distribution and gene frequencies of egg shell colour of two ectotypes of Giant African Land Snails (Archachatina marginata var. saturalis), black skinned (BS) × black skinned mating group, and white skinned (WS) × white skinned mating group. The eggs collected were scored for the presence of yellow...
August 2017
Exploring genetic diversity and structure of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. to improve its conservation in Niger
The genetic diversity of African forest resources is poorly documented while it can be the basis for adapting these resources to climatic variations. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of the Acacia senegal (L.) Willd in its natural range in Niger. 252 individuals from 10 populations of the species, across three gum basins were analyzed with 9 nuclear microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity indexes...
August 2017
Evaluating auto-detoxification of Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, 1753 kernel cake with brine shrimp Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) lethality test
Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, 1753 is a plant with several uses for communities in Cameroon and other African countries. However, present methods of detoxifying J. curcas kernel cake (JKC) to add value to its further utilization are too sophisticated for cottage operations in rural areas. This study sought to evaluate two auto-detoxification methods using the shellfish brine shrimp, Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758). Two...
August 2017
Purification and characterization of thermostable and alcohol tolerant lipase from Pseudoxanthomonas sp.
An extracellular lipase from Psedoxanthomonas sp. was purified 47.3 folds with an overall yield of 27% through purification procedure of acetone precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Protein precipitation using acetone fractionation showed that the enzyme was precipitated at the fraction of 0 to 40%. Further purification of the enzyme by ion exchange followed by gel filtration chromatography...
July 2017
Evaluation of plant-growth promoting properties of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Gluconacetobacter sacchari isolated from sugarcane and tomato in West Central region of Colombia
The genus Gluconacetobacter comprises different species with agricultural and industrial importance. This study aims at determining the presence of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Gluconacetobacter sacchari in sugarcane and tomato crops considering their potential biotechnological applications. Bacteria were isolated from roots, stems and leaf tissues and identified using phenotypic and biochemical evaluations, and...
July 2017
Development of a sweet whey-based medium for culture of Lactobacillus
In this study, the potential use of sweet whey as a base medium for lactic acid bacteria culture and its effect on the technological characteristics of lactobacilli was evaluated. Bacteria were grown on raw or deproteinized whey supplemented with different amounts of yeast extract and/or tomato juice. Results obtained showed that biomass production on whey supplemented with yeast extract was higher than those observed...
July 2017
Application of in-vitro micropropagation technique for sustainable production of four local taro cultivars [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] in Cameroon
Taro leaf blight disease has recently been reported in Cameroon to cause between 50 and 100% yields loss of taro in most of the agro-ecological crop growing regions. This has led to a significant reduction in disease-free planting materials, edible crop and increased. The Meristem culture technique has been used to produce crop plants free of viruses and fungi especially in vegetative propagated colocassia plants. This...
July 2017
Significance of fluorescent inter simple sequence repeat technique for distinguishing domestic animal breeds
Conservation of farm animal genetic resources is of fundamental importance for the study of the relationships among breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the nuclear fluorescence inter simple sequence repeat (FISSR) markers in order to shed light on the genetic biodiversity of domestic animals. Two modifications of the original technique were made so as to make it more suitable for routine...
July 2017
Tommy Atkins mango (Mangifera indica L.) postharvest quality with cassava starch, chitosan and pectin based coatings
Bearing in mind the use of natural and biodegradable products, this study aimed to evaluate physicochemical quality of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes coated with a cassava starch, chitosan and pectin based edible coatings. The experiment was conducted using simplex-centroid mixture design. Compounds concentration corresponded to the independent variables studied, encoded as factors x1, x2 and x3: 1– cassava...
July 2017
Influence of seasonality on the yield and composition of the essential oil of Siparuna guianensis Aublet
The plant Siparuna guianensis is used in traditional medicine and has been the target of studies on the development of new drugs for the control of pests and vector insects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the seasonal influence on the content and composition of the essential oil of S. guianensis. The experiment was conducted for 12 months evaluating the yield of the essential oil of leaves throughout the...
July 2017
Effect of resin from Commiphora swynnertonii on white blood cell and selected haematopoietic organs in albino mice (Mus musculus)
Commiphora swynnertonii is among the most commonly used medicinal plants by pastoralist communities especially in northern regions of Tanzania. The effect of resin from this plant on white blood cells (WBC) and haematopoietic organs was studied using albino mice. Sixty adult mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 15). G1 acted as control whereas G2, G3 and G4 received oral doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg resin...
July 2017
Characterization of cassava starch films plasticized with glycerol and strengthened with nanocellulose from green coconut fibers
The aim of this study was to obtain and characterize biodegradable films of cassava starch plasticized with glycerol and reinforced with nanocellulose from coconut fibers. The mechanical and physical-chemical properties of the nano-biocomposites films obtained were evaluated. The method used to investigate the viability of incorporating coconut nanocellulose in films was applied through a statistical design of the...
July 2017
Quantitative trait loci for resistance to spotted and African maize stem borers (Chilo partellus and Busseola fusca) in a tropical maize (Zea mays L.) population
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the staple food in Kenya, and mapping the qualitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to maize stem borer pest is important towards marker assisted breeding for this quantitative trait. The objective of this study was to identify any QTL associated with resistance to Chilo partellus and Busseola fusca, the two important stem borer pests in maize production in Kenya. A total of 203 F2:3...
July 2017
Silver nanoparticles biosynthesis and impregnation in cellulose acetate membrane for anti-yeast therapy
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are nanoforms that express higher antimicrobial potential due to their shape and reduced size. The use of fungi to mediate the synthesis of AgNPs has increased the interest of scientists because of their rapid growth, large-scale cultivation and secretion of non-toxic molecules. The aim of this study was to synthesize AgNPs mediated by Aspergillus oryzae DPUA 1624 and evaluate the...
July 2017
Generation of gua1 deletion using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated gene disruption method in fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Gua1 gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), which catalyzes the first step in de novo biosynthesis of guanosine monophosphate (GMP). Knock-out cassette was constructed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based gene targeting technique for deletion of gua1 gene in S. pombe and this knock-out cassette was transformed to S.s pombe wild type (972h-). Knock-out...
July 2017
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) profiling of red pigment produced by Bacillus subtilis PD5
Pigments play an important role in physiological and molecular processes such as photosynthesis, survival to oxidative damage and resistance to ultra violet radiation in microorganisms. This study isolated and characterized pigment produced by Bacillus subtilis PD5 from soil sample of rice field. The pigment was extracted using three solvent system, namely, methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Fourier transform...
July 2017
Evaluation of antihyperglycemic, antiradical and acute oral toxicity activities of aqueous leaves extract of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) from Benin in normal rats
Moringa oleifera is a commonly cultivated plant in the world. It has a high economic impact owing to its medicinal and nutritional values. Leaves of M. oleifera also contain various constituents that are useful for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study is (i) to perform phytochemical screening, and to check antiradical and antihyperglycaemic activities of M. oleifera aqueous leaves extract (ii) to control the...
July 2017
Molecular discrimination of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma congolense isolates of Nigerian origin
The present study was conducted to assess the molecular discrimination of field isolates of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax of Nigeria origin in vitro (PCR) whether there will be genetic alteration of the parasites as the infections of the isolates in Yankasa sheep progresses from acute through relapses to chronic stages. A total of thirty Yankasa sheep were acquired from Kastina State in the northern part...
July 2017
Evaluation of hypolipidemic activity of different extracts of Chomelia asiatica (Linn) in rat fed with atherogenic diet
In the present investigation, the hypolipidemic activity of different extracts of aerial parts of Chomelia asiatica (Linn) is shown. The evaluation dose of different extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol) of C. asiatica was fixed at 200 mg/kg/day. Hypolipidemic activity was screened by inducing hyperlipidemia with the help of atherogenic diet (AD) in Wistar albino rats and plasma levels of different...
July 2017
Microbial diversity in leaves, trunk and rhizosphere of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) associated with the coconut lethal yellowing phytoplasma in Grand-Lahou, Côte d’Ivoire
The diversity of culturable bacterial and fungal communities was assessed from leaves, trunk and rhizosphere of coconut palms infected and non-infected by the Côte d’Ivoire lethal yellowing (CILY) phytoplasma. Bacterial and fungal microbes were isolated from leaves, trunk and rhizosphere samples collected from two villages of Grand-Lahou, Braffedon and Yaokro, by using a high-throughput...
July 2017
Generating virus-free cassava plants by in vitro propagation with chemical and heat treatment
Cassava production in eastern and Central Africa is severely threatened by the current epidemic of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). The disease is caused by cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) of the genus Ipomovirus, family Potyviridae. Using virus-free planting material is one effective way to reduce CBSD yield losses in farmer fields. The effects of chemical and heat...
June 2017
Role of leucine rich repeat and Ig domain containing 1 (LINGO1) in demyelinating and neurological diseases and investigation of conserved residues by docking analysis for novel therapeutic options
A demyelinating sickness is any ailment of the nervous system in which the myelin casing of neurons is injured. This harm weakens the transmission of signals in the pretentious nerves. Demyelinating diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, are categorized on the basis of the scratch of the myelin covering around neurons, because of swelling and gliosis in the central nervous system...
June 2017
A new immunoregulatory agent from Rosa damascena reduces CD3 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
T-Lymphocytes (T-cells) play a dominant role in the initiation and maintenance of autoimmune inflammatory processes. They become activated by the presentation of antigen such as auto antigen. A main feature of T-cell activation is the production of cytokines. Though, uncontrolled T-cells activation through T-cell receptor (TCR) has been linked to numerous autoinflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. This study...
June 2017
Evaluation of hygienic quality of ferment of local beer “dolo” used as condiment in Burkina Faso
Rabilé is a ferment of local beer called “dolo” in Burkina Faso. It is used for local beer production and as condiment in sauces. Its process of production could be a source of contamination. So the quality of ferment needs to be guaranteed for consumers’ health. The aim of the study was to control the hygienic quality of local ferment consumed in Burkina Faso. A total of 70 samples were...
June 2017
Mosquito larvicidal trihydroxylindene derivative from submerged cultures of Trametes species
Larvicidal active pure chemical compound was isolated from a Trametes species using conventional chemistry techniques like solvent-solvent extraction and liquid-solid adsorption techniques. Larvicidal assays carried out on the purified compound, LC50 and LC90 values were calculated and found to be 23.5 and 67.4 ppm, respectively. The chemical structures of the purified compound was elucidated using standard...
June 2017
Comparison of in vitro antioxidant activity of some selected seaweeds from Algerian West Coast
In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic (ME) and ethanolic (ET) extracts of six species of seaweeds (Cystoseira stricta, Cystoseira compressa, Corallina elongata, Porphyra umbilicalis, Enteromorpha compressa and Ulva lactuca) collected from Algerian West Coast was evaluated, using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. They were tested for total phenolic content. The...
June 2017
Traditional dishes consumed in Zimbabwe and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantitation of their antioxidant phytochemicals
Diabetes type 2, cancers, hypertension and obesity have become problematic diseases worldwide calling for more studies on their prevention and management. Antioxidant phytochemicals have shown potential to reduce cases of such chronic diseases therefore the present study quantified antioxidant phytochemicals in traditional dishes consumed in Zimbabwe. Traditional dishes are readily available therefore are cheap and...
June 2017
Interactive effect of colloidal solution of zinc oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized using Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts on the growth of Amaranthus cruentus seeds
Nanofertilizers may be a possible replacement for organic fertilizers because they can get to targeted sites in a plant and either enhance or thwart its growth depending on the toxicity level of the used nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are said to be a good source of nutrients for crop production and using these nanoparticles as bio fertilizers, could help to reduce the chemical residue in the grown vegetables...
June 2017
Kinetic characterization and molecular modeling of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase from Anopheles gambiae and expressed in Pichia pastoris
Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) is one of the primary enzymes involved in the synthesis of trehalose, the main sugar found in insect hemolymph. In the present study, we report for the first time heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris, characterization and homology modeling of TPP from Anopheles gambiae mosquito. Purified TPP recombinant exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 36 kDa with optimum pH of...
June 2017
Leaf conditioning of Brazilian Cerrado species for DNA microextraction
Proper conditioning of leaf tissues in collection expeditions can affect the quantity and quality of DNA in the extraction process. The aim of this work was to define a method of preserving foliar tissue suitable for obtaining DNA from Brazilian Cerrado trees. Young leaves of species (Mangaba and Baru) were collected and conditioned in five different treatments during a period of six days. Genomic DNA was obtained using...
June 2017
Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the haematological and serum biochemistry of rabbits reared in a semi-humid environment
This research is aimed at improving the productive and pathological picture of rabbits reared in a semi-humid environment using Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE). Twenty four mixed- breed rabbits, having an average weight of 700g, were used in this study. They were randomly divided into four equal treatments (6 rabbits each) and gavaged with various concentrations of MOLE. Treatment 1 (control) was given 0ml MOLE/kg...
June 2017
Heavy metal contamination in soils from a municipal landfill, surrounded by banana plantation in the eastern flank of Mount Cameroon
Municipal solid waste generated in our cities, with an unprecedented population growth, has resulted in degrading environmental quality, thus a major problem for policy makers. The extent of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Zn contamination in soils of the studied area, where vegetables were grown, using metal contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index were assessed. The concentrations of heavy metals studied were in the...
June 2017
Improvement of color and increase in anthocyanin content of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapes with application of abscisic acid
This study aimed to assess the application effect of abscisic acid (S-ABA) on color, and total anthocyanin and phenolic compound contents of the ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapes. The experiment was carried out in a commercial vineyard located in Jales, SP, Brazil, during 2014/2015. The randomized block design was used with four treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of applying different...
June 2017
DEXseq and Cuffdiff approaches weighing differential spliced genes exons modulation in estrogen receptor β (Erβ) breast cancer cells
While the alternative transcription and splicing mechanisms have long been known for some genes like oncogenes, their prevalence in almost all multi-exon genes has been recently realized with the increasing application of high-throughput experimental methods, named Next Generation RNA Sequencing (NGS). Henceforth, understanding the regulation of these processes in comparisons between cell types and cancer requests,...
June 2017
Production potential and chemical composition of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) at different ages for energy purposes
The elephant grass has gained prominence as one of the main forage species used for biomass production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify elephant grass genotypes with high energy biomass production potential by evaluating morpho-agronomic and biomass quality. The following traits were evaluated in this study: dry matter yield (DMY), percentage of whole-plant dry matter (%DM), percentage of neutral...
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