Inflorescence developmental polymorphism and its horticultural significance in plantain (Musa spp. AAB)
January 2018
Inflorescence developmental polymorphism and its horticultural significance in plantain (Musa spp. AAB) was investigated in this study. The study was designed to evaluate the consistency of inflorescence dichotomy as well as the horticultural significance of the double and triple bunching plantain phenotypes during several production cycles. Four plantain accessions with different types of multiple bunches or...
Plant cell suspension culture of Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. in shake flask and stirred tank reactor scale: A comparative study
December 2017
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of changing the shake flask for a stirred-tank bench bioreactor on the performance of Thevetia peruviana cultures. Maximum cell growth of 18.59 and 8.46 g DW/L for shake flask and bench bioreactor at day 14 was obtained, respectively. The end of the exponential growth phase in shake flask was correlated with total sugar consumption, while this behavior was not observed in...
Chemical composition of neem and lavender essential oils and their antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi causing ginseng root rot
December 2017
The aim of this study was to assess in vitro, the antifungal activity and characterize the chemical constituents of the essential oils of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Lavandula angustifolia (lavender). The essential oils of A. indica and L. angustifolia plants were tested against several isolates of pathogenic fungal genera causing root rot disease of ginseng. Agar plate assay indicated that lavender oil at 10%...
Effects of Salaha-A (herbomineral drug) on blood parameters of rats and in silico inhibition of P-glycoprotein by it bioactive compounds
December 2017
The drug under study is a herbomineral drug containing tortoise shell ash and ground seeds of Piper nigrum used in the treatment of cancer. Salaha-A was found to contain essential minerals that could have medicinal importance to human. Calcium was found to be the major element in the tortoise shell ash and piperine is the pioneer alkaloid found in Piper nigrum. This work evaluates the effects of Salaha-A at different...
Changes observed in Pritchardia pacifica palms affected by a lethal yellowing-type disease in Mexico
December 2017
Lethal yellowing (LY) is a devastating disease, affecting more than 35 palm species. One of them, Pritchardia pacifica, was found to be very susceptible in Florida and it is affected by a LY-type syndrome in Yucatan, Mexico. In this study, plants of P. pacifica were exposed naturally to feral insects in an area affected by LY in Mexico. All the plants exposed died showing symptoms of leaf decay with death occurring...
Evaluation of serum sialic acid and other risk factors in diabetes mellitus
December 2017
The main cause of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is disturbed carbohydrate metabolism indicated by hyperglycemia. Insulin secretion is disturbed by inflammatory process in the body due to imbalanced diet, hormonal disturbance and genetics. The serum sialic acid has been investigated as a parameter to evaluate intensity of DM2. 200 individuals of both genders were included and were divided into four groups (50 each)...
Genetic and population diversity of bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.) in Chapada Limpa extractive reserve, Maranhão State, Brazil
December 2017
Landscape studies illustrate how the structure and configuration of ecological/agroecological zones influence the genetic diversity of a species. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess how landscape structure and conservation influence the genetic diversity indices of Platonia insignis Mart. (bacuri) in Chapada Limpa Extractive Reserve, Chapadinha County, Maranhão State, Brazil. The study was carried out...
Overexpression of key enzymes of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for improving squalene production in Escherichia coli
December 2017
2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway has been extensively employed for terpenoids biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. In this study, to obtain key-enzymes of MEP pathway for squalene production, overexpression of different combination of MEP pathway genes were compared. Squalene production in strain YSS12 with overexpressed dxs, idi and ispA of MEP pathway from E. coli was improved by 71-fold when compared...
Trichoderma as biological control weapon against soil borne plant pathogens
December 2017
The genus of Trichoderma is widely applied for the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture sector. Moreover, Trichoderma species are also excessively exploited in different industrial purposes due to their production of important lytic enzymes such as chitinases, glucanases and proteases. Several genetic improvement trials are carried out for maximizing the role of Trichoderma as biological control agents via...
Evaluation of productivity of sweet potato genotypes for first and second generation bioethanol production
December 2017
The increased supply of ethanol fuel and its spread as an alternative to fossil fuels depend on the exploration of biomasses that can be regarded as alternatives to sugarcane and maize. In this study, the agricultural productivity and the potential for production of ethanol from roots and the aerial portion of twenty sweet potato genotypes were evaluated. The roots and branches were harvested 180 days after planting....
Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities associated to somatic embryogenesis potential in an elite hybrid genotype of Theobroma cacao L.
December 2017
Cross-fertilization and somatic embryogenesis stand as potential useful tools for genetic improvement and vulgarization of agronomical interesting cocoa planting material for sustainable cocoa culture. Manual cross-fertilization (♀SNK13×♂UPA143) was conducted. ♀SNK13×♂UPA143 derived hybrid genotypes were tested for their susceptibility to black pods disease (BPD). The most tolerant hybrid genotype...
The impact of over-expression of NPK1 gene on growth and yield of sorghum under drought stress
December 2017
Sorghum bicolor L. is an important crop in many tropical regions, yet it has received little attention in applying modern biotechnologies for improvement due to transformation difficulties. Drought is among the most important factors limiting sorghum productivity. The Nicotina Protein Kinase 1 (NPK1) gene confers tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. The present work was conducted to determine the amenability...
Anaerobic decomposition of submerged macrophytes in semiarid aquatic systems under different trophic states, ParaÃba State, Brazil
December 2017
The macrophytes play an important role in the regulation of biological and chemical processes in aquatic ecosystems, particularly in shallow lakes. They also play an important role in storage and nutrient cycling, serving as a source of organic matter to native environments. The aim of this study was to describe the kinetic aspects of the nutrients released during the anaerobic decomposition process of Egeria densa...
Diversity and extracellular enzymes of endophytic fungi associated with Cymbidium aloifolium L.
November 2017
Cymbidium aloifolium is an epiphytic orchid used in treatment of many human ailments. The endophytic fungi associated with orchids are diverse and have potential to produce many bioactive compounds including extracellular enzymes. A total of 165 endophytic fungi representing 22 different fungal species were obtained from root, leaf and flowers of C. aloifolium. The colonization rate (CR) and isolation rate (IR) varied...
Effect of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) as feed additives, on growth and haematology of Clarias gariepinus Juvenile
November 2017
The rebirth and use of medicinal plants in aquaculture has become necessary as the use of synthetic drugs and chemicals is been discouraged due to their aftermath effects on cultured organisms and aquatic environment. A 56-day study was conducted to assess the effects of Roselle and ginger as dietary additives, on growth and hematology of Clarias gariepinus juvenile. Total of 150 C. gariepinus juveniles...
Variability of seed oil content and fatty acid composition in Shantung maple (Acer truncatum Bunge) germplasm for optimal biodiesel production
November 2017
Shantung maple seed oil methyl esters have emerged as the potential feedstock for producing biodiesel. The goal of this work was to assess variations in seed oil content and fatty acid compositions for optimal biodiesel production among 138 Shantung maple accessions native to 14 regions of China. Dramatic differences in seed oil content were observed among trees grown in the various regions tested; seeds of trees grown...
Comparative biosorption of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution using Moringa oleifera plant parts: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies
November 2017
This research article presents a comparative study of the adsorption properties of Moringa oleifera biomass using Pb2+ ions as test analyte. The investigated parameters which affected the adsorption process were the effect of pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. The comparison of adsorption process was evaluated in the pH range of 3 to 8, concentration range from 5 to 20 ppm,...
A method of rapid in vitro proliferation and morphological characterization of the medicinal plant Aloe vera L.
November 2017
Morphological characterization was carried out on Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) accessions collected from different locations in India. The experiments were conducted on 12 Aloe accessions and the leaf length, width, thickness, stem length, and thickness were measured using vernier calipers. The plantlets were chemically treated with 2.5% (w/v) of sodium hypochlorite which is an alternative safer surface...
Correlation and path coefficient analysis of agronomic and quality traits in a bioenergy crop, sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
November 2017
Sweet sorghum is considered one of the best sources of bioethanol due to its higher total reducing sugar content, which ferments completely to produce ethanol coupled with its adaptation to the changing climate. A study was carried out in Ethiopia, during the 2015/16 crop season, to determine the extent of phenotypic and genotypic relationships among 13 agronomic traits and six quality components of 28 sweet sorghum...
In vitro selective cytotoxicity of activated parasporal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis serovars kumamotoensis and tohokuensis against human cancer cell lines
November 2017
The anti-cancer activity of alkali-solubilized protease-activated parasporal proteins produced by 78 local Bacillus thuringiensis strains and 14 reference B. thuringiensis strains was screened against five human cancer cell lines (CACO-2, Hep2, HepG2, K562, and MCF-7). Activated parasporal proteins were tested for their hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. It was found that activated parasporal proteins of 25...
Conversion of lignocellulose from palm (Elaeis guineensis) fruit fibre and physic (Jatropha curcas) nut shell into bio-oil
November 2017
Harmful gases are released into the atmosphere through burning of residues which is commonly practiced in Nigeria and can be attributed to climate change issues. Agricultural residues have the potentials to be used as energy and chemical source and meet its deficit in the country. This paper focuses on utilization of lignocellulosic materials obtained from two agricultural residues through renewable technology to...
Production and characterization of proteases from edible mushrooms cultivated on amazonic tubers
November 2017
Proteases are important commercial enzymes, and among their numerous sources are the Basidiomycetes. The use of proteases in many industrial areas promotes the search for enzymes with new properties. The aim of this study is to produce and characterize peptidases of a biocomposite from mycelial biomass grown in Amazonic tubers. Lentinus citrinus DPUA 1535 and Pleurotus ostreatoroseus DPUA 1720 were cultivated on...
Effect of adenine sulphate, casein hydrolysate and spermidine on in vitro shoot multiplication of two banana varieties (FHIA-21 and PITA-3)
November 2017
A highly reproducible and efficient in vitro shoot regeneration system was developed for two banana varieties (FHIA-21 and PITA-3) using shoot tip as explant. Shoot tip was inoculated onto Murashige and Skoog (MS, 1962) medium supplemented with cytokinins [benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (Kin) and 2-isopentenyl (2-iP)] and additives [Adenine sulphate (Ads), spermidine (Spd) and casein hydrolysate (CH)] for shoot...
Effect of different stablizers on quality characteristics of the set-type yogurt
November 2017
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of seven different stabilizers on some properties of set-type yogurt. Stabilizers used were sodium caseinate, gelatin, carrageenan, xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum (LBG), native corn starch. For the control group, no stabilizer was added. During the storage period, while the fat and pH values of the yoghurt samples were reduced, the stabilizers had no effects on...
Comparative evaluation of anti-oxidative potentials of fermented locust bean condiment and its moringa fortified variant
November 2017
The need to boost daily intake of natural antioxidants to combat free radicals causing degenerative diseases has become more imperative. Fermented locust bean condiment was fortified with moringa leaf powder (rich in antioxidants) at 20, 30 and 50% substitution levels. Proximate composition, phenolic content, total flavonoid, reducing power, and the sensory properties of the condiments were determined using standard...
Optimization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SKM10 single cell protein production from mango (Magnifera indica L.) waste using response surface methodology
November 2017
The present study aims at optimizing the production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SKM10 single cell proteins (SCP) from mango waste. To optimize the production process, the effect of two independent variables was evaluated by a three-level full factorial design using response surface methodology (RSM). The parameters studied were inoculum size (2 to 12% v/v) and concentration of substrates (5 to 10 g/L). Analytical...
Promising substrates to increase the production of tannase under solid state fermentation (SSF) by Penicillium spp.
November 2017
Tannase (tannin acyl hydrolse, E.C.3.1.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester and depside bonds of hydrolysable tannins. Among the filamentous fungi the genus Penicillium is recognized as the second best producer of tannase. This enzyme presents applications in several industrial segments, such as in the production of judges and teas. The industrial production of tannase can be performed through solid...
Occurrence and genetic variability of partial coat protein gene of Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) in Kenya
November 2017
A survey was conducted to determine the occurrence of sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) infecting sweet potato in Kenya. Vine cuttings of sweet potato were collected in 2011 from fields in Central, Western and Coastal regions of the country. The cuttings were grown in an insect-proof screen-house and scion grafted to Ipomoea setosa indicator plants. DNA was extracted from leaf samples of graft-inoculated I. serosa...
Salinity increased vitamins concentration in Amaranthus cruentus leaves
November 2017
Salt stress is one of the major environmental constraints limiting agricultural productivity and influencing the concentration of bioactive compounds of vegetables. In this study, the effect of NaCl salt stress on nutrient contents of leaves in a cultivar of amaranth, an important leafy vegetable cultivated in some tropical regions worldwide, was evaluated. The experiment was carried out in a screen house at Center for...
Genetic variability and character association of some local wheat varieties (Triticum species) using agromorphological traits grown in South Gondar zone, Ethiopia
November 2017
Wheat is the most important cereal crop in Ethiopia ranking third in terms of area after teff and maize and second in terms of production after maize. Six local wheat varieties cultivated in South Gondar, one of the 11 zones found in Amhara region, were collected from the local farmers to study their variability, heritability and trait associations using 12 agro-morphological traits. The studied genotypes were grown in...
Morphogenesis and plant regeneration from Anthurium andreanum cv Calypso leaf explant
November 2017
Anthuriums are among the most attractive ornamental plants; however, the commercial production of these plants is limited by the slow propagation methods presently in use. This situation can be resolved with the application of in vitro culture techniques which allow massive plant propagation through morphogenic processes. Plant growth regulators (PGR) and the composition of the basal media comprising the culture medium...
In vitro micropropagation of grape vine (Vitis vinifera L.) from nodal culture
October 2017
The objective of this study was to optimize a protocol for in vitro micropropagation of selected grape vine varieties. Preliminary studies were conducted to optimize the duration of sterilization of the explants. For shoot initiation experiment nodes of the three varieties of grape vines were cultured on MS medium (Murashige-Skoog’s, 1962) supplemented with five different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine...
Extracellular biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Actinomycetes from amazonic biome and its antimicrobial efficiency
October 2017
The microbial sources used for the production of nanoparticles are important, and one of the reasons for bacterial preference is their ease of manipulation and ecofriendly potential. Three bacteria strains of Streptomyces genus were used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The aim of the present study was to confirm Streptomyces spp. as biological systems in the synthesis and extracellular...
Impact of trona-aided boiling on the phytochemical constituents and beneficial micronutrients of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.)
October 2017
The influence of boiling lima bean, using trona solution, on its phytochemical constituents and selected micronutrients was investigated. Lima bean was initially boiled for 3 h using 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% trona solution, respectively at ratio 1:5 (bean/trona solution). The boiled lima bean was subsequently dried in an oven at 55°C for 12 h after which it was subjected to various analyses. Maximum reduction of...
Aroma characterization of ripe date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Algeria
October 2017
The headspace of eight Algerian date varieties with low market value were analyzed for their aroma compounds using solid phase micro extraction and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. In this study, 61 identified compounds were categorized in various chemical classes on the basis of their functional groups, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, terpenoids, ketones, hydrocarbons, and ethers. Twenty specific...
Adoption of pelleted Digitalia iburua grain as carrier for heat stable Newcastle disease vaccine virus for village poultry
October 2017
The development of pelleted food–based vaccine against Newcastle disease (ND) using a thermostable NDVI2 strain in Acha (Digitalia iburua) is reported. The Acha cereal was subjected to rigorous processing of washing, soaking, boiling, roasting and grinding into fine powder prior to virus incorporation. The mixture which was passed through a locally fabricated pelleting machine resulted in fine pellets. The virus...
Fermentation of deproteinized cheese whey by Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275 for ethanol production on pilot scale
October 2017
Cheese whey is presented as an alternative for the production of ethanol to be a major source for growth of microorganisms, which catalyze lactose directly to ethanol and other products. Thus the aims of this study were to analyze the influence of nutrients in the cheese whey (15%w/v) fermentation by Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275, to estimate the ethanol production and verify the repetition of the results of...
Evaluation of crude preparations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 52712) pectolytic enzymes in cassava starch extraction: Effects of variety on yield and starch recovery rates
October 2017
Application of enzyme preparations has shown great potential in aiding extraction procedures. However, the focus has mostly been on single crop varieties, thereby limiting knowledge on the effects of enzyme technology to those (single) varieties studied. The present work compared the effects of various dosages of crude pectolytic enzymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 52712) on yield and extraction rates of starch...
Fungi and aflatoxin analysis of processed ogiri-egusi and ogiri-ugba consumed in Abakaliki metropolis
October 2017
This study investigated fungi and total aflatoxins quality of ogiri [fermented melon seed (Citrullus vulgaris] and fermented African oil bean seed (Pentaclethra macrophylla) consumed as soup condiment in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The ogiri samples were purchased from two major markets in Abakaliki metropolis [meat market (OM and UM) and rice mill market (OR and UR)]. The samples were screened for their pH...
Potentiality of lytic bacteriophages and their virolysins in lysing multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi
October 2017
Bacteriophage virolysins or lytic enzymes are bacterial peptidoglycan hydrolases responsible for lysing bacterial cells. Consequently, they are used as enzybiotics alongside with bacteriophage therapy to remedy multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potentiality of lytic bacteriophages and their virolysins in curing multi-drug resistant S. typhi. S. typhi was isolated and...
Effect of encapsulated Pseudomonas putida strain PF1P on plant growth and its microbial ecosystem
October 2017
Pseudomonas putida is a well-known plant growth promoting bacterium (PGPB) with the capacity to improve plant growth. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of P. putida towards plant growth and its interaction with its microbial ecosystem. P. putida strain PF1P was isolated from the rhizosphere of banana plant (Musa species). The isolated P. putida strain PF1P possess ability to secrete acetic acid (42.1...
Xylose recovery from dilute-acid hydrolysis of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches for xylitol production
October 2017
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different process conditions, such as the sulfuric acid concentration, contact time, solid:liquid ratio and particle size, on the xylose recovery and the formation of by-products from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) with dilute-acid hydrolysis. Moreover, an adapted and non-adapted strain of the yeast Candida guilliermondii was used to obtain xylitol from the optimal...
Evaluation of genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) germplasm from Liberia and Ghana using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
October 2017
Rice is an important staple food crop that feeds over half of the global population and it has become the cereal that provides a major source of calories for the urban and rural poor in Africa. This research aimed to use simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to evaluate the genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) germplasm as breeding method. In the present study, 16 SSR markers were used across 48...
Adsorption of a cationic dye by Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) fruit seed shell based biosorbent: Equilibrium and kinetic studies
October 2017
Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using a low cost Sclerocarya birrea fruit shell powder based biosorbent was investigated in a batch system. Results showed that optimum adsorption capacity was achieved at pH 8 and biosorbent dosage of 0.6 g, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 27.690 mg g-1. Equilibrium studies showed that experimental data fitted well on the Temkin isotherm (R2 = 0.9641), as well as...
The effects of plant growth regulators on in vitro gynogenic embryo formation in onion (Allium cepa L.)
October 2017
Different combinations of plant growth regulators were tried on in vitro gynogenesis by flower bud and ovary culture for two open pollinated Turkish onion cultivars, “Bayram 1” and “Yakut” and a synthetic population of “OH-1”, which serves as a responsive control for extraction of gynogenic haploids of onion for two years (2011 and 2012). In 2011, modiï¬ed Dunstan and Short (BDS)...
Selection of loose-leaf lettuce breeding lines based on non-parametric indexes
October 2017
Non-parametric selection indexes (that is, require no estimation of parameters) can be used to help the selection process in the final stage of genetic enhancement. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of non-parametric selection indexes to choose promising lineages of loose-leaf lettuce, so that genetic gain of each lineage can be estimated and then registered in the Ministry of...
Effect of quercetin nanoparticles on the kidney of the streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male rats: A histological study and serum biochemical alterations
September 2017
Diabetes is directly involved in oxidative stress production. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the morphological and functional alterations caused by oxidative stress and to evaluate the antioxidant effect of quercetin nanoparticles (QUNPs) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (type II) rats. Seventy two male albino adult rats were randomly distributed in 6 different experimental groups, with 12...
Water use efficiency in soybean crop after inoculation with Azospirillum brasiliense in the Cerrado of Tocantins State, Brazil
September 2017
Crops in the Cerrado experience short drought stress periods that affect cultivation development, especially the water use efficiency (WUE), which can be modified by the use of Azospirillum brasiliense bacteria. In this sense, this study evaluated soybean plants’ response to A. brasiliense inoculation, in relation to WUE, in the Cerrado of Tocantins State. During the growing season of 2015/2016, three experiments...
Assessment of three cocoa hybrid families’ susceptibility and cysteine involvement in defense process against Phytophthora megakarya
September 2017
Black pod disease (BPD) is the major cocoa pathology constraint caused by an Oomycete, Phytophthora megakarya prevailing in African cocoa producing countries. The development of T. cacao planting material tolerant to BPD lies on cross-pollination of adequate parental genotypes which generate offspring with desirable traits. We assessed the susceptibility to BPD of offspring derived from three manual crosses...
Molecular characterization of virus isolates from genus Potyvirus infecting Vigna subterranea in Burkina Faso
September 2017
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) is an African legume with a great nutritional, economic and social potential. However, one of the main constraints to this crop is viral diseases which reduced yields. Indeed, approximately 12 viruses have been reported to infect bambara groundnut. Among these, only four were reported from Burkina Faso, namely, cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), bean common mosaic virus...
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