Water use efficiency in soybean crop after inoculation with Azospirillum brasiliense in the Cerrado of Tocantins State, Brazil
September 2017
Crops in the Cerrado experience short drought stress periods that affect cultivation development, especially the water use efficiency (WUE), which can be modified by the use of Azospirillum brasiliense bacteria. In this sense, this study evaluated soybean plants’ response to A. brasiliense inoculation, in relation to WUE, in the Cerrado of Tocantins State. During the growing season of 2015/2016, three experiments...
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using wild Cucumis anguria: Characterization and antibacterial activity
September 2017
In the present study silver nanoparticles were synthesized using wild Cucumis anguria leaf extract using the green route which is a simple, cost-effective and an environmentally friendly technique. When the aqueous silver ions were exposed to the wild C. anguria leaf extract, they were reduced and this resulted in the formation of silver nanoparticles. The conditions of synthesis were optimized by adjusting the pH, time...
Evaluating chemical composition of Butia capitata pulp among various populations and locations using multivariate analysis
September 2017
There are many native species from Cerrado that are used as food supply. However, their nutritional constitution is still unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate and quantify the nutritional composition of coquinho-azedo fruits, obtained from different regions and populations in Northern Minas Gerais, using multivariate analysis. Ripe fruits of various B. capitata populations were obtained from four...
Cloning and expression of acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) lactonase genes of Bacillus cereus INT1c and Bacillus thuringiensis SGT3g in Escherichia coli
September 2017
Inhibition of virulence genes expression of phytopathogenic bacteria can be done by degrading the acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) compounds using AHL-lactonase. In this study, the AHL-lactonase genes were cloned and expressed from Bacillus cereus INT1c and Bacillus thuringiensis SGT3g in Escherichia coli, in order to understand the characteristics and biocontrol mechanisms of their AHL-lactonase. Amplification using aiiA...
The use of molecular markers in turtles: A technological prospecting
September 2017
The application of molecular markers stands out in studies on the genetic variability of animal and plant species. This tool contributes to studies on the history of some chelonian species, since it takes into consideration their longevity and the endangerment they are often exposed to. The aim of the current study is to perform a quantitative research to document and analyze the development of technological...
Characteristics of Bacillus subtilis HNMY-13 and HNMY-15 strains in aflatoxin B1 degradation and Astragalus bio-transformation
September 2017
Astragalus of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Bacillus subtilis are extensively used in animal feed and for production of various fermented compounds. In order to observe the characteristics of HNMY-13 and HNMY-15 B. subtilis strains, this study focused on the optimization of parameters in liquid fermentation of the two strains in aflatoxin B1 degradation, and Astragalus polysaccharide yield. The optimal...
Objective assessment of bull sperm motility parameters using computer vision algorithms
September 2017
The quality control of frozen semen samples from cattle is established by parameters such as percentage of progressive motility (% MP) because it is related to the fertilization capacity of bulls. Nowadays, sperm quality test is performed by direct visual inspection of sperm through a microscope in andrology laboratories. However, there is a high subjectivity in the observation and assessment depending on the observer;...
Biodegradation and toxicity of waste from anaerobic fermentation of stillage
September 2017
Several studies have been carried out to produce biofuels by anaerobic digestion of stillage from ethanol fermentation. This type of process, known as ABE Fermentation, generates by-products such as acetone, butanol and ethanol. This fermentation can use pure or mixed cultures of anaerobic bacteria, mainly of the genus Clostridium. In this context, there is the need for deeper studies for proper disposal of the residue...
Production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and biofilm by Azospirillum brasilense aiming at the development of liquid inoculants with high performance
September 2017
Azospirillum brasilense strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 have been broadly and successfully used in commercial inoculants in Brazil, for both non-legumes and legumes, contributing to increases in grain yields with reduced applications of chemical fertilizers. Azospirillum survival, however, may be very low in liquid inoculant formulations and strategies such as the enrichment with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and biofilm may help...
Polymorphism of -308 G/A TNF-α gene correlated with the concentration of TNF-α and lipid profile in obese subject of Javanese population
September 2017
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an adipokine produced in adipocytes which acts as a marker of inflammation. Increased levels of TNF-α have been associated with obesity and abnormal lipid profile. This study aimed to examine the relationship between polymorphism in -308 G/A TNF-α with concentrations of TNF-α, lipid profile and obesity in a Javanese population. The study consisted of 200...
Expression and functional evaluation of Mytilus galloprovincialis foot protein type 5 (Mgfp-5), the recombinant mussel adhesive protein
September 2017
Mussel contains a variety of adhesion proteins, among which, Mytilus galloprovincialis foot protein type 5 (Mgfp-5) is one of the major proteins required for substrate adhesion. The labor-intensive nature and insufficiency of the extraction process have frequently resulted in very little purified recombinant Mgfp-5. These prompt technologies such as chemical synthesis and genetic engineering are employed to overcome...
Genetic diversity of Cameroonian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars revealed by microsatellite markers
September 2017
The assessment of genetic diversity is a key prerequisite for studying the adaptation of populations to new environmental conditions, and therefore for the selection of new varieties. The present investigation aimed to estimate the levels and genetic structure within bread wheat varieties grown in Cameroon. Thus, genetic diversity was assessed in 17 hexaploid wheat cultivars, using 11 microsatellite markers. Genetic...
Phylogenetic characterization of East African cassava mosaic begomovirus (Geminiviridae) isolated from Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem., from a non-cassava growing region in Tanzania
September 2017
Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem., a wild relative of cassava, native to Brazil, is one of the popular agroforestry trees used for hedges and/or boundary plants surrounding homesteads and farms and also harbours cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs) and cassava brown streak ipomoviruses. Sequences of the DNA-A component of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV) isolates from M....
Production, optimization and characterization of silver oxide nanoparticles using Artocarpus heterophyllus rind extract and their antifungal activity
September 2017
For the first time, the phytochemical fabrication of noble silver oxide nanoparticles was reported using Artocarpus heterophyllus rind extract as well as their characterization. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of the phytochemical-mediated reduced reaction mixture showed a surface plasmon peak at 428 nm, which confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticle production was ideal at pH 9 with 2.0 mL...
Obtaining mutant fungal strains of Aspergillus niger with high production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using ultraviolet light irradiation
August 2017
A strain of Aspergillus niger PR-142 native to northern coast of Peru was subjected to successive processes of mutagenesis by ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation at 253.7 nm to increase the production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). An initial selection was made by considering the mutants with increased invertase activity followed by the measurement of β-fructosyltransferase (FTase) activity both in mycelium and...
Anaerobic and micro-aerobic 1,3-propanediol production by engineered Escherichia coli with dha genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae GLC29
August 2017
1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) is a bifunctional molecule, and used in applications similar to those of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediol. The use of glycerol as a feedstock is an alternative to reduce production costs for both 1,3-PDO and biodiesel, since biodiesel glycerol can be used for the production of 1,3-PDO by bacteria. Also, using metabolic engineering, it is possible to...
Detection of enterovirus in mussels from Morocco by cell culture and real-time PCR
August 2017
The bivalve shellfish are filter feeders and they act as natural bio-filters in seawater and can thus efficiently bio-concentrate and bio-accumulate enteric viruses in their digestive tissue. In Morocco, shellfish sanitary quality analysis does not currently include enteric virus detection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to detect the presence of enterovirus in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected...
In vitro potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth under different orientation and light/dark exposure conditions
August 2017
In vitro storage of prolific potato cultivars increases labour, space and material costs due to frequent sub-culturing. A method that reduces frequent sub-culturing can lower maintenance costs of potato storage. A study was undertaken to assess in vitro growth of potato under either (1) complete dark exposure, (2) dark exposure for three days only and then to light or (3) light exposure throughout. Also, micro shoots...
Artificial spawn generation based on alginate encapsulated mycelium as inoculum for mushroom cultivation
August 2017
Spawn quality is an important factor that affects the final yield in mushroom production. One of the most common risks is the contamination of substrates and spawn by mitosporic fungi. Some species do not easily grow on grain substrate as traditional species do and these find it real difficult to produce spawn. A method was evaluated to produce spawn for mushroom production based on aseptically encapsulated mycelium...
In vitro plant regeneration from ovules of Taraxacum officinale and Taraxacum koksaghyz
August 2017
Taraxacum koksaghyz, the Russian dandelion, produces latex in its taproots and is an alternative to Hevea brasiliensis as a source for rubber. Studying the inheritance of rubber content and yield as well as breeding of T. koksaghyz could strongly benefit from haploid or doubled haploid techniques. Therefore, this study aimed at establishing the conditions to produce haploid and/or double haploid T. koksaghyz plants....
Post-harvest conservation of ‘Rubi’ grapes treated with abscisic acid
August 2017
Loss of mass, shatter and decay are undesirable for fresh grapes, as they decrease the cluster quality during post-harvest conservation. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of abscisic acid (S-ABA) application on ‘Rubi’ grapes’ loss of mass, shatter, decay incidence and conservation periods. ‘Rubi’ grapes’ clusters used in the experiment were gotten from a commercial...
Synergistic antibacterial effect of Lepidium sativum and Coriandrum sativum against standard and drug resistant clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria
August 2017
Emerging and increasing resistance to antibiotics has become a threat to public health globally. Spices and herbs are considered as rich source of bio-active antimicrobial compounds. Thus the aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of Lepidium sativum and Coriandrum sativum seed extracts and their synergistic action against some selected pathogenic bacteria; namely: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus...
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in popcorn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines
August 2017
The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of embryogenic calluses and plant regeneration of seven popcorn inbred lines (Zea mays L.) in order to identify lines for further transference of genes to a generation of transgenic plants. The N6 medium with supplementation was used to induce calluses in immature embryos, and supplemented MS medium was used to stimulate plant regeneration of P11, P12, P15 and...
Alkaline hydrolysis effect using NaOH on sugarcane bagasse from urban centers for ruminants
August 2017
The aim of this study was to evaluate the alkaline hydrolysis of chemical composition of sugarcane bagasse from urban centers. The experimental design was completely randomized design in split plots (5×4), composed of five application levels (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) and four NaOH exposure periods (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) in four replicates. Dry matter, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and...
The potentials of production of biogas from constructed wetland macrophytes
August 2017
This study investigated the potential of biogas production from three (3) constructed wetland macrophytes: Water hyacinth (WH), cattail (CT) and Cyperus papyrus (CP). The digesters used had capacity of 0.22 cm3 each. They were operated under anaerobic conditions with organic loading rate (ORL) of 0.2 kg VS/m3.day and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 days. Observations were made for a period of 128 days. The results...
Outbreak investigation of Newcastle disease virus from vaccinated chickens in Eritrea
August 2017
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important infectious viral diseases of poultry in Eritrea. Diagnosis of ND virus infection in Eritrea has been mainly based on clinical examination and post mortem lesions. This study describes ND diagnosis using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction PCR (RT-PCR), virus isolation and serological techniques (haemaglutination inhibition test) from two times vaccinated 40...
Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves
August 2017
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is non-toxic and eco-friendly than commonly used physicochemical methods. The study focuses on synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of AgNPs synthesized using aqueous extract of Moringa stenopetala (M. stenopetala) leaves. Optimum heating time required for the preparation of aqueous extract of M. stenopetala leaves was 15 min. It was found...
Antibacterial activity of Aspergillus isolated from different Algerian ecosystems
August 2017
Thirty two strains of Aspergillus genus were isolated from soil samples obtained from particular ecosystems: Laghouat endowed with a desert climate and Teleghma with a warm and temperate climate. Based on the morphological aspect, this collection was subdivided into ten phenotypic groups. This identification was confirmed by molecular analyzes using a molecular marker of the genu ribosomal 18s. This marker will allow us...
Quorum sensing signal production by sponge-associated bacteria isolated from the Red Sea, Egypt
August 2017
Bacteria regulate their social activities and physiological processes through a quorum sensing (QS) mechanism. Many bacteria inhabit the mesohyl matrix of sponges. This symbiotic relationship is believed to contribute to the health and nutrition of sponges by production of protective antibiotics, the acquisition of limiting nutrients and nitrogen fixation. Marine isolates were analysed by bioassays using two different...
Review on factors affecting the quality and antioxidant properties of tomatoes
August 2017
Postharvest losses in tomatoes are not only quantitative but also qualitative losses which directly can have a negative impact on consumer’s preference, nutritional quality and income of producers. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that can affect the postharvest quality and antioxidant composition of tomatoes. Tomato quality is an outcome of several factors including cultivar selection, environmental...
Purification and characterization of thermostable and alcohol tolerant lipase from Pseudoxanthomonas sp.
August 2017
An extracellular lipase from Psedoxanthomonas sp. was purified 47.3 folds with an overall yield of 27% through purification procedure of acetone precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Protein precipitation using acetone fractionation showed that the enzyme was precipitated at the fraction of 0 to 40%. Further purification of the enzyme by ion exchange followed by gel filtration chromatography...
Evaluating auto-detoxification of Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, 1753 kernel cake with brine shrimp Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) lethality test
August 2017
Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, 1753 is a plant with several uses for communities in Cameroon and other African countries. However, present methods of detoxifying J. curcas kernel cake (JKC) to add value to its further utilization are too sophisticated for cottage operations in rural areas. This study sought to evaluate two auto-detoxification methods using the shellfish brine shrimp, Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758). Two...
Exploring genetic diversity and structure of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. to improve its conservation in Niger
August 2017
The genetic diversity of African forest resources is poorly documented while it can be the basis for adapting these resources to climatic variations. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of the Acacia senegal (L.) Willd in its natural range in Niger. 252 individuals from 10 populations of the species, across three gum basins were analyzed with 9 nuclear microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity indexes...
Genetic and phenotypic variations in egg shell colour of two ectotypes of Giant African Land Snail (Archachatina marginata var. saturalis)
August 2017
Data from the snail farm of the University of Calabar, Nigeria were collected and utilized to investigate the distribution and gene frequencies of egg shell colour of two ectotypes of Giant African Land Snails (Archachatina marginata var. saturalis), black skinned (BS) × black skinned mating group, and white skinned (WS) × white skinned mating group. The eggs collected were scored for the presence of yellow...
Application of in-vitro micropropagation technique for sustainable production of four local taro cultivars [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] in Cameroon
July 2017
Taro leaf blight disease has recently been reported in Cameroon to cause between 50 and 100% yields loss of taro in most of the agro-ecological crop growing regions. This has led to a significant reduction in disease-free planting materials, edible crop and increased. The Meristem culture technique has been used to produce crop plants free of viruses and fungi especially in vegetative propagated colocassia plants. This...
Development of a sweet whey-based medium for culture of Lactobacillus
July 2017
In this study, the potential use of sweet whey as a base medium for lactic acid bacteria culture and its effect on the technological characteristics of lactobacilli was evaluated. Bacteria were grown on raw or deproteinized whey supplemented with different amounts of yeast extract and/or tomato juice. Results obtained showed that biomass production on whey supplemented with yeast extract was higher than those observed...
Evaluation of plant-growth promoting properties of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Gluconacetobacter sacchari isolated from sugarcane and tomato in West Central region of Colombia
July 2017
The genus Gluconacetobacter comprises different species with agricultural and industrial importance. This study aims at determining the presence of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Gluconacetobacter sacchari in sugarcane and tomato crops considering their potential biotechnological applications. Bacteria were isolated from roots, stems and leaf tissues and identified using phenotypic and biochemical evaluations, and...
Influence of seasonality on the yield and composition of the essential oil of Siparuna guianensis Aublet
July 2017
The plant Siparuna guianensis is used in traditional medicine and has been the target of studies on the development of new drugs for the control of pests and vector insects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the seasonal influence on the content and composition of the essential oil of S. guianensis. The experiment was conducted for 12 months evaluating the yield of the essential oil of leaves throughout the...
Tommy Atkins mango (Mangifera indica L.) postharvest quality with cassava starch, chitosan and pectin based coatings
July 2017
Bearing in mind the use of natural and biodegradable products, this study aimed to evaluate physicochemical quality of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes coated with a cassava starch, chitosan and pectin based edible coatings. The experiment was conducted using simplex-centroid mixture design. Compounds concentration corresponded to the independent variables studied, encoded as factors x1, x2 and x3: 1– cassava...
Significance of fluorescent inter simple sequence repeat technique for distinguishing domestic animal breeds
July 2017
Conservation of farm animal genetic resources is of fundamental importance for the study of the relationships among breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the nuclear fluorescence inter simple sequence repeat (FISSR) markers in order to shed light on the genetic biodiversity of domestic animals. Two modifications of the original technique were made so as to make it more suitable for routine...
Quantitative trait loci for resistance to spotted and African maize stem borers (Chilo partellus and Busseola fusca) in a tropical maize (Zea mays L.) population
July 2017
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the staple food in Kenya, and mapping the qualitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to maize stem borer pest is important towards marker assisted breeding for this quantitative trait. The objective of this study was to identify any QTL associated with resistance to Chilo partellus and Busseola fusca, the two important stem borer pests in maize production in Kenya. A total of 203 F2:3...
Characterization of cassava starch films plasticized with glycerol and strengthened with nanocellulose from green coconut fibers
July 2017
The aim of this study was to obtain and characterize biodegradable films of cassava starch plasticized with glycerol and reinforced with nanocellulose from coconut fibers. The mechanical and physical-chemical properties of the nano-biocomposites films obtained were evaluated. The method used to investigate the viability of incorporating coconut nanocellulose in films was applied through a statistical design of the...
Effect of resin from Commiphora swynnertonii on white blood cell and selected haematopoietic organs in albino mice (Mus musculus)
July 2017
Commiphora swynnertonii is among the most commonly used medicinal plants by pastoralist communities especially in northern regions of Tanzania. The effect of resin from this plant on white blood cells (WBC) and haematopoietic organs was studied using albino mice. Sixty adult mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 15). G1 acted as control whereas G2, G3 and G4 received oral doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg resin...
Generation of gua1 deletion using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated gene disruption method in fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe
July 2017
Gua1 gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), which catalyzes the first step in de novo biosynthesis of guanosine monophosphate (GMP). Knock-out cassette was constructed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based gene targeting technique for deletion of gua1 gene in S. pombe and this knock-out cassette was transformed to S.s pombe wild type (972h-). Knock-out...
Silver nanoparticles biosynthesis and impregnation in cellulose acetate membrane for anti-yeast therapy
July 2017
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are nanoforms that express higher antimicrobial potential due to their shape and reduced size. The use of fungi to mediate the synthesis of AgNPs has increased the interest of scientists because of their rapid growth, large-scale cultivation and secretion of non-toxic molecules. The aim of this study was to synthesize AgNPs mediated by Aspergillus oryzae DPUA 1624 and evaluate the...
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) profiling of red pigment produced by Bacillus subtilis PD5
July 2017
Pigments play an important role in physiological and molecular processes such as photosynthesis, survival to oxidative damage and resistance to ultra violet radiation in microorganisms. This study isolated and characterized pigment produced by Bacillus subtilis PD5 from soil sample of rice field. The pigment was extracted using three solvent system, namely, methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Fourier transform...
Evaluation of antihyperglycemic, antiradical and acute oral toxicity activities of aqueous leaves extract of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) from Benin in normal rats
July 2017
Moringa oleifera is a commonly cultivated plant in the world. It has a high economic impact owing to its medicinal and nutritional values. Leaves of M. oleifera also contain various constituents that are useful for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study is (i) to perform phytochemical screening, and to check antiradical and antihyperglycaemic activities of M. oleifera aqueous leaves extract (ii) to control the...
Evaluation of hypolipidemic activity of different extracts of Chomelia asiatica (Linn) in rat fed with atherogenic diet
July 2017
In the present investigation, the hypolipidemic activity of different extracts of aerial parts of Chomelia asiatica (Linn) is shown. The evaluation dose of different extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol) of C. asiatica was fixed at 200 mg/kg/day. Hypolipidemic activity was screened by inducing hyperlipidemia with the help of atherogenic diet (AD) in Wistar albino rats and plasma levels of different...
Generating virus-free cassava plants by in vitro propagation with chemical and heat treatment
July 2017
Cassava production in eastern and Central Africa is severely threatened by the current epidemic of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). The disease is caused by cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) of the genus Ipomovirus, family Potyviridae. Using virus-free planting material is one effective way to reduce CBSD yield losses in farmer fields. The effects of chemical and heat...
Molecular discrimination of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma congolense isolates of Nigerian origin
July 2017
The present study was conducted to assess the molecular discrimination of field isolates of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax of Nigeria origin in vitro (PCR) whether there will be genetic alteration of the parasites as the infections of the isolates in Yankasa sheep progresses from acute through relapses to chronic stages. A total of thirty Yankasa sheep were acquired from Kastina State in the northern part...
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