December 2016
Performance of rapid subtyping tools used for the classification of HIV type 1 recombinants isolated from selected countries in west and central Africa
HIV-1 genetic diversity in sub-Saharan Africa is broad and the AIDS epidemic is driven predominantly by recombinants in Central and West Africa. The classification of HIV-1 strains is therefore necessary to understand diagnostic efficiency, individual treatment responses as well as options for designing vaccines and antiretroviral (ARV) treatment guidelines. More so, accurate subtyping of a partial or full genome would...
December 2016
Influence of sweeteners in the biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical and laboratory tests in rats
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of sucralose and fructose on the metabolism of adolescent rats. Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (GC), fructose group (GF) treated with 50 mg/kg of fructose, and sucralose group (GS) receiving 50 mg/kg of sucralose for 24 days. The weight and feed intake were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, some biochemical...
December 2016
Postharvest physicochemical properties of cucumber fruits (Cucumber sativus L) treated with chitosan-lemon grass extracts under different storage durations
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of chitosan-based edible coatings with lemon grass extract on the physical properties and overall acceptability of cucumber fruits stored at ambient temperature (28 ± 2°C) and 85 to 90% relative humidity for 14 days. Blends of chitosan (C) and lemon grass extract (E) were formulated as 0.5% C + 0.5% E, 0.5% C + 1% E, 1% C + 0.5% E and 1% C + 1% E....
December 2016
Accelerated in vitro propagation of elite oil palm genotypes (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by substituting cytokinin with putrescine
Clonal multiplication of oil palm enables the formation of commercial plantations with higher yield, which is possible through somatic embryogenesis. However, due to different modifications made in the existing protocols to avoid the appearance of the “mantled flower”, the success of this technique has been limited. Thus, this study aimed to apply a cloning protocol, using somatic embryogenesis, to 32 elite...
December 2016
Identification of a novel submergence response gene regulated by the Sub1A gene
Submergence is one of the major constraints to rice production in many rice growing areas in the world. The Sub1A gene has been demonstrated to dramatically improve submergence tolerance in rice. Here, we report the identification of a novel submergence response (RS1) gene that is specifically induced in the Sub1A-mediated submergence tolerance response. Under submergence, RS1 was upregulated in M202 (Sub1A) but...
December 2016
Investigation of Argania spinosa L. (Skeels) polyphenols growing in arid and semi-arid conditions
Argania spinosa L. Skeels, belonging to the Argania genus of the Sapotaceae family, is a species native to Morocco and Algeria. Due to its perfect adaptation to soil and climate, this tree plays an important ecological role in a constantly threatened encroached desert region. To understand the biological role of polyphenols in making the argan tree adapts to its natural habitat, we conducted a comparative study in...
December 2016
Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of the hexane extract of Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. Ex Lam. leaves
This study investigates the anti-inflammatory properties of Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. Ex Lam, a medicinal plant used by indigenous traditional healers to manage chronic inflammatory diseases especially rheumatism and arthritis. The hexane extract of H. bonariensis leaves was evaluated for the presence and concentration of phytochemicals. It was subjected to heat-induced albumin denaturation and human red blood cell...
December 2016
Occurrence of Escherichia coli in Brassica rapa L. chinensis irrigated with low quality water in urban areas of Morogoro, Tanzania
Low quality water has become valuable resource with restricted or unrestricted use in food production depending on its quality. This study has quantified the occurrence of Escherichia coli in Brassica rapa L. chinensis (Chinese cabbage) vegetables and low quality irrigation water. A total of 106 samples including Chinese cabbage (69) and water (37) were collected. The E. coli were cultured in petri film selective E....
December 2016
Application of polymeric nanoparticles for controlled release of ethanolic extract of guapeva leaves (Pouteria gardneriana Radlk) against Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus through in vitro studies
The study was designed to evaluate the ethanolic extract acaricide action from Pouteria gardneriana Radlk specie adsorbed in chitosan nanoparticles for controlled release against Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Leaves of P. gardneriana Radlk were collected, air-dried, ground and extracted with ethanol. Chitosan nanospheres were obtained by the phase inversion method. Conductometric titration, UV-Vis and FTIR...
December 2016
Allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of fresh leaf castor beans (Ricinus communis L.) applied to the beginning stage of soy (Glycine max L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Allelopathy defines the production of specific biomolecules (allelochemical) by a plant that can induce positive or negative impacts on another culture. The crop of castor beans (Ricinus communis L.) is being economically valued and receiving attention, mainly by the biodiesel production, castor oil and animal feeding. In this study, the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract from fresh leaves of castor beans (Ricinus...
November 2016
Thermo-chemical sequestration of naphthalene using Borassus flabellifer Shell activated carbon: Effect of influencing parameters, isotherm and kinetic study
The present research describes the removal of naphthalene from aqueous solution using one of the simplest agricultural wastes, Borassus flabellifer Shell activated carbon (BFS-AC) by adsorption. Adsorption was chosen due to its cost-effectiveness. The effect of operating parameters such as pH, time, initial concentration of naphthalene, BFS-AC dosage and temperature on the percent removal of naphthalene was determined....
November 2016
Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-I gene polymorphism in Egyptian small ruminant breeds
The genetic improvement of production traits can be developed through marker assisted selection. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a member of the somatotrophic axis which has a remarkable variation of its biological effect including protein synthesis and skeletal growth. This study aimed to detect the genetic polymorphism of IGF-1 in different Egyptian sheep and goat breeds. The amplified fragments at 320-bp were...
November 2016
Effect of organic matter, irrigation and soil mulching on the nutritional status and productivity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in the semiarid region of Brazil
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) is an important vegetable crop currently cultivated in many parts of the world. The adoption of management strategies to promote the nutritional status and crop productivity in semiarid regions of Brazil is still poorly studied. Thus, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of raising the level of organic matter in the soil, irrigation and soil mulching in the nutritional...
November 2016
Growth promotion mediated by endophytic fungi in cloned seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrids
Eucalyptus cultivation has expanded considerably in Brazilian systems, leading to the current search for technologies to optimize growing conditions and the production of seedlings in nurseries. Based on the understanding that the development of tree species such as Eucalyptus sp. can be influenced by endophytic fungi that act directly as plant growth-promoting species, cloned seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis x...
November 2016
Primary study on the components and main physico-chemical as well as biological properties of the oil of Alpinia galanga (L.) Wild in Phu Tho-Vietnam
The oil of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd in Phu Tho was obtained by steam distillation and dried with Na2SO4. By Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method, 29 components in the oil were predicted by comparing their retention times and molecular weights with the standards’. In particular, there were 10 hydrocarbons such as monoterpenes: 29.15%, sesquiterpenes: 21.06%, and 19 oxygenated components like...
November 2016
A review of cashew (Anacardiumoccidentale L.) apple: Effects of processing techniques, properties and quality of juice
A review including the processing techniques, properties and uses of cashew apple juice is reported. Cashew apple has multi-purpose; it can be processed to obtain human food. The process of cashew apple into several by-products can affect its nutritional, microbiological, and sensorial quality attributes. Therefore, clarification methods, thermal treatment and high hydrostatic pressure modify nutritional,...
November 2016
Effect of whey storage on physicochemical properties, microstructure and texture profile of ricotta cheese
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of whey storage period (0, 24, 48 and 72 h) on the physicochemical parameters, color, texture and microstructure of fresh ricotta during storage. Sweet whey and acid whey were evaluated based on titratable acidity, pH, fat, cryoscopy, and density, while ricotta was based on yield, fat, protein, ash, acidity, pH, moisture, total solids, color, texture, and microstructure....
November 2016
Influence of vermicompost humic acid on chlorophyll content and acclimatization in banana clone, Enano Guantanamero
Vermicompost humic acids (VHA) promote plants’ growth because they have similar effects with auxins. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of VHA in some physiological indicators in the micropropagation and acclimatization phase of banana clone Enano Guantanamero. Six concentrations were used (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg L-1) to evaluate in vitro the number of leaves, total chlorophyll content and...
November 2016
Study of genetic determinism of harvest index in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) under semi-arid conditions
Out of six varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), two local varieties with a low harvest index and four others with high harvest indices and short straw imported from France were studied in a diallel cross. The experiment was done in a complete randomized block design with three replications. It was done at the Research Station of the Institute of Technical Big Cultures of Khemis Miliana, located in the...
November 2016
Comparative phylogenetic analysis of intergenic spacers and small subunit rRNA gene sequences of two microsporidian isolates from Antheraea myllita
Two microsporidian isolates extracted from infected tasar silkworms (Antheraea mylitta) collected from forest area in Deoghar district, Jharkhand, India were subjected to PCR amplification using intergenic spacer (IGS) region and small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) gene specific primers followed by cloning and sequencing. The IGS and SSU-rRNA gene sequences were analysed to derive the identity of the microspoidian...
November 2016
Isolation and characterization of methanogenic bacteria from brewery wastewater in Kenya
The production of biogas from renewable resources is becoming a prominent feature of most developed and developing countries of the world. A study was undertaken to characterize methanogenic microbial community found in brewery waste water. Their performance with regards to methane production was also studied. Thirty-two isolates were obtained using brewer thyglycollate agar medium. Characterization of the isolates was...
November 2016
Production of alkaline proteases by alkalophilic Bacillus subtilis during recycling animal and plant wastes
The production of extracellular alkaline protease by Bacillus subtilis was studied with submerged fermentation. A new strain of Bacillus sp. was isolated from alkaline soil, which was able to produce extracellular alkaline protease. The production of alkaline protease involved the use of agricultural or animal wastes at pH 8 and temperatures at 37°C. Results showed that growing B. subtilis sub sp. subtilis under...
November 2016
Investigating the potential of Aucoumea klaineana Pierre sapwood and heartwood wastes to produce cellulosic ethanol
This work investigates for the first time the different reactivity exhibited by sapwood and heartwood wastes under two conditions: They were pretreated with catalyzed ethanol organosolv in the presence of sulfuric acid and their pulps underwent enzymatic hydrolysis by Trichoderma reesei which causes them to release neutral sugars for the production of cellulosic ethanol. Aucoumea klaineana Pierre (Okoumé)...
November 2016
Comparison of seed priming techniques with regards to germination and growth of watermelon seedlings in laboratory condition
Seeds of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai, cv. Crimson Sweet] were used to investigate the effects of different priming techniques on seed germination and early seedling growth. The seeds were soaked in solutions of 0.2% gibberellin (50 mg L–1 gibberellic acid), 0.2% cytokinin (90 mg L–1 kinetin), 0.2% potassium nitrate (2 g L–1 KNO3), 0.2% calcium nitrate [2 g L–1...
November 2016
Linkage disequilibrium and association mapping of drought tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm population from diverse regions of Pakistan
Drought stress is a major abiotic stress that limits crop production. Molecular association mapping techniques through linkage disequilibrium (LD) can be effectively used to tag genomic regions involved in drought stress tolerance. With the association mapping approach, 90 genotypes of cotton Gossypium hirsutum, from diverse regions of Pakistan were used. The morpho-physiological traits of all genotypes were evaluated...
November 2016
Inbreeding depression in crosses of coerulea clones of Walker’s Cattleya (Cattleya walkeriana Gardner)
Orchids are among the most beautiful flowers and endangered due to habitat destruction and over-collection. Cattleya walkeriana is one of the most beautiful flowers joining the small sized plant with medium large and heavily scented flowers. It is widely known and appreciated by its beautiful clones and it has much to offer to breeders because their plants have besides other attributes as small habit and big flowers,...
November 2016
The protective role of honey against cytotoxicity of cadmium chloride in mice
The present study aimed to investigate the honey (HY) protective role in opposition to cadmium (Cd) induced chromosomal aberrations of bone marrow and sperm abnormalities. Forty five (45) adult male albino mice were caged into six groups. Mice were injected, i.p, 300 mg HY/kg and/or 0.67 mg CdCl2/kg b.w for 96 h, separately and alternated. The alternated trials were continued for consecutive eight days. Results show...
November 2016
Shelf life improvement of sorghum beer (pito) through the addition of Moringa oleifera and pasteurization
Pito is a traditional alcoholic beverage that is mostly brewed in the three northern regions of Ghana. Although widely consumed and used in many festivities, poor storability limits its economic potential as an income-generating venture for most women. This study was carried out to improve the shelf-life of pito through the addition of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and pasteurization (75 to 80°C). Microbial...
November 2016
Characterization of mutant cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp] lines using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers
Phylogenetic relationship and polymorphism was detected in 10 cowpea lines comprising of leaf, flower and stem mutants, their putative parents and an exotic accession using 10 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and three primer combinations of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. These mutants were earlier obtained through the probable activities of transposable elements. The RAPD and AFLP...
November 2016
Pan-genome analysis of Senegalese and Gambian strains of Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, and it is classified as “category A” biological weapon. There were six available complete genomes (A0248, Ames, Ames Ancestor, CDC684, H0491 and Sterne). Here, one Gambian and two Senegalese strains (Gmb1, Sen2Col2 and Sen3) were added. In this work, the pan-genome of B. anthracis was studied based on nine strains and using bioinformatics tools as Cluster...
November 2016
RNAi-based silencing of genes encoding the vacuolar-ATPase subunits a and c in pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella)
RNA interference is a post- transcriptional gene regulation mechanism that is predominantly found in eukaryotic organisms. RNAi demonstrated a successful gene silencing in insects that led to the development of novel approaches for insect pest management. In the current study, genes encoding vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) subunits a and c from the midgut of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, were cloned and sequenced....
November 2016
Genetic analysis of body weight of Takifugu rubripes at different developmental stages
To elucidate the genetic mechanism of growth trait in Takifugu rubripes during ontogeny, developmental genetic analysis of body weight was conducted by mixed genetic model with additive-dominance effects, using complete diallel cross with three different strains of T. rubripes from Laizhou Shandong, Tangshan Hebei and Dalian Liaoning. Unconditional genetic analysis revealed that the unconditional dominance effects with...
November 2016
Diversity of growth hormone gene and its relation with average daily gain in Simmental cattle in West Sumatera Province, Indonesia
This study was aimed to analyse the genetic polymorphism of Growth Hormone (GH) polymorphism of Simmental cattle using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and its relation to average daily gain. The research was conducted in the Padang Mangatas Breeding Centre, Limapuluh Kota district, West Sumatera Province and Biotechnology Laboratory of Faculty of Animal Husbandry,...
November 2016
Hesperidin effects on behavior and locomotor activity of diabetic Wistar rat
Today, there are sufficient validated scientific data that support the existence of relations between diabetes and certain neuropsychiatric disorders, such as behavioral disorders, anxiety, cognitive decline and depression. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of a natural bioflavonoid, the antioxidant hesperidin on the neuro behavioral alterations and locomotor function in streptozotocine diabetic...
November 2016
Optimization of humidifying procedure in controlled environment for indoor cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius
This study investigated mushroom cultivation in controlled indoor environment. For this, the environmental factors including humidity and temperature were controlled by humidifier and ventilation. Four ventilations were installed on tops to bring the air from inside to outside and four small ventilations were installed on side wall along with black filter to bring the air from outside to inside. Four humidifiers...
November 2016
Molecular epidemiology of foot and mouth disease, bluetongue and pest de petites ruminants in Algeria: Historical perspective, diagnosis and control
Molecular tools have become an increasingly important part of studying the epidemiology of infectious agents. These tools have allowed the aetiological agent within a population to be diagnosed rapidly with a greater degree of efficiency and accuracy than conventional diagnostic tools. They have enhanced understanding into the pathogenicity and virulence of the aetiological agent and subsequent deployment of appropriate...
November 2016
Chlorophyll, nitrogen and antioxidant activities in Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd) (Fabaceae) in two water regimes
The Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.) is a species used by traditional populations and industries using timber and non-timber forest products. This study aimed to analyze the levels of chlorophyll A, B, total ammonia levels, nitrate, proline, electrolyte leakage and activity of oxidative enzymes in evaluation to tolerance of cumaru plants subjected to drought for 21 days of stress. The experiment was conducted in...
November 2016
Enhancement of yield and nutritional value of soybean sprouts by persimmon fruit powder
Large amount of soybean sprouts has been produced for human consumption in Korea for a long time. Various techniques and production methods have been implied to enhance the quality and yield of soybean sprouts. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of persimmon fruit powder treatment on yield and nutritional value of soybean sprouts. The sprout yield was increased by 16% with the addition of...
November 2016
In vitro direct organogenesis in response to floral reversion in lily
Our previous study indicated that the tiger lily (Lilium lancifolium var. Flore Pleno) has a great ability to produce inflorescence bulbils in nature as a form of natural phenomenon of floral reversion in plants. This present research was carried out to investigate the artificial floral reversion in in vitro culture of two lilies (Asiatic hybrid cv.”Black out"), and (Lilium longiflorum cv "White...
November 2016
Genetic diversity and population structure of maize landraces from Côte d’Ivoire
Maize (Zea mays L.) occupies an important place among food crops in Côte d’Ivoire. However, no study on the genetic diversity of the species has been performed to date. This study aims at analyzing the diversity and genetic structure of 35 maize accessions using 10 microsatellite markers. These accessions are from different agro-ecological zones representative of the Ivorian territory. The results showed...
November 2016
Molecular genetic diversity in a core of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones with potential for selection of disease resistance, plant height and fruit production
This study aimed to assess the genetic variability in groups of 11 clones of Theobroma cacao L., from different geographical regions, based on microsatellite markers, with the interest to characterize germplasm for breeding. The products of the amplification of these materials with 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were separated into ABI377 sequencer. The genotype encoded data were analyzed by means of...
November 2016
Agronomic evaluation and quality characteristics of three Cucurbitaceae varieties acclimated in Benin
The present study aimed to evaluate some agronomical, physical and nutritional characteristics of seeds of three species of Cucurbitaceous, namely Citrulus lanatus, Lagenaria siceraria and Cucumeropsis edulus. Agronomic experiments were investigated over a two-year period during which, some agronomic performances of the tested varieties were evaluated. The physical characteristics of the collected fruits were also...
October 2016
Effect of salt stress on growth and contents of organic and inorganic compounds in noni (Morinda citrifolia L.)
Salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that most affect agricultural production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions; however, among species there are large differences in salt tolerance. In this study, the effects of salinity on the growth and accumulation of organic and inorganic solutes were evaluated in ‘noni’ seedlings at 1, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of salt stress in a 5 x 2 completely randomized...
October 2016
Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on morpho-agronomic traits of three elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) genotypes for biomass production
Elephant grass has been proposed for the energy sector as a possible source of renewable energy, because of its high biomass production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the mineral nutrients nitrogen and potassium on the morpho-agronomic traits (dry mater yield (DMY), percentage of DM (%DM), number of tillers per linear meter (NT), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD) and leaf blade width (LW)) in...
October 2016
Study of associative effects of date palm leaves mixed with Aristida pungens and Astragalus gombiformis on the aptitudes of ruminal microbiota in small ruminants
The objectives of this trial were to evaluate interactions between microbial degradation of three substrates: date palm leaves as tannin-rich substrate, Astragalus gombiformis (as nitrogen source) and Aristida pungens (as carbon source). The model included the principal effects of single substrate and mixtures of multiple interactions. The forages were fermented alone or mixed with date palm leaves in various...
October 2016
Isolation and characterization of cellulolytic Bacillus licheniformis from compost
Eight cellulose degrading bacteria were isolated from compost and were identified as Bacillus licheniformis by 16S rRNA sequencing. Among the eight isolates, Bacillus licheniformis B4, B7 and B8 showed the highest cellulase activity. B. licheniformis B4 and B8 showed the maximum cellulase activity during the stationary phase of growth; but for B7, the maximum activity of cellulase was observed during the log phase....
October 2016
Drought tolerant tropical maize (Zea mays L.) developed through genetic transformation with isopentenyltransferase gene
Maize is a staple food crop for millions of Africans. Despite this fact, African farmers have been harvesting average grain yield of not more than 2 t/ha while there is a potential of producing more than 10 t/ha. Drought is one of the major abiotic constraints contributing to this low productivity. Drought diminishes crop productivity mainly by causing premature leaf senescence. The ipt gene codes for...
October 2016
Transcriptional modulation of genes encoding nitrate reductase in maize (Zea mays) grown under aluminum toxicity
The free aluminum (Al) content in soil can reach levels that are toxic to plants, and this has frequently limited increased productivity of cultures. Four genes encoding nitrate reductase (NR) were identified, named ZmNR1–4. With the aim of evaluating NR activity and the transcriptional modulation of the ZmNR1, ZmNR2, ZmNR3, and ZmNR4 genes in leaves, 30-day-old hybrid maize BRAS 3010 plants were irrigated with a...
October 2016
Alternative tube caps on in vitro growth of Orbignya oleifera Burret.: An Arecaceae native cerrado domain
The babassu (Orbignya oleifera Burret) is a palm that contains oilseeds whose biomass can be used for biofuel production. Due to difficulties in germinating the species, in vitro cultivation techniques are sought as a viable alternative to expand studies on germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate different types of tube caps for in vitro growth of babassu seedlings. Thus, zygotic embryos were inoculated...
October 2016
On-line methanol sensor system development for recombinant human serum albumin production by Pichia pastoris
An on-line methanol sensor system was developed using a methanol probe, methanol sensor unit and peristaltic pump. The system was commanded using data acquisition (DAQ) and LabVIEW software. Calibration of the methanol sensor system was done in a medium environment with yeast cells during cells adaptation to methanol metabolism after glycerol feeding was stopped. The correlation equations between voltage output signal...
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