In vitro efficacies and durabilities of antibiotic/vitamin C coated hemodialysis catheters
July 2017
Catheter associated bloodstream infections, exit-site infections, and tunnel infections are common complications related to hemodialysis central venous catheter use. Effective antimicrobial coating of catheters that can inhibit device colonization has the potential of preventing clinical infection. The study investigated in vitro the antimicrobial efficacies of hemodialysis catheters impregnated with an antibiofilm...
Prevalence of pathogenic and antibiotics resistant Escherichia coli from effluents of a slaughterhouse and a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Dakar
July 2017
The aim of this study was to detect and characterize pathogenic and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from slaughterhouse wastewater and the effluents of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Dakar, Senegal. Genetic markers associated with enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) were screened in 268 E. coli isolates from slaughterhouse and 272 E. coli...
Community knowledge and attitudes on antibiotic use in Moshi Urban, Northern Tanzania: Findings from a cross sectional study
July 2017
There is increasing and spread of antibacterial resistance to antibiotics worldwide. The level of knowledge and attitudes of the community regarding the use of antibiotics in Tanzania is unknown. The present study identified determinants of knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotics use in Moshi Urban district, Northern Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2016 among community members...
Development of the fly ‘crop vessel’ bioassay for fly/microbial studies
July 2017
The dipteran crop has been implicated in many fly/microbe associations. In most cases, reports merely identify that the microbe(s) in question is(are) found inside the crop, but very few studies have focused on their long-term presence within the crop. Possibly, one of the main reasons for this is that flies usually regurgitate their crop contents, which makes it difficult to do long-term studies. Because of this, an in...
Biosorption of fireworks pollutants by indigenous soil fungi from Sivakasi, India
June 2017
Sivakasi a notable industrial town, which is known for its fireworks industries that accounts 70% of the country's yield. Besides largest production, release of the wide range of deleterious chemicals increases the concern about environmental conservation. Fungi are the eukaryotic organism which has enormous metabolite profile. These distinct features of fungi made excessive attention towards the mycoremediation....
Microbial degradation of pesticide: A review
June 2017
Excessive use of pesticides has been known to be hazardous to the environment, affect soil fertility as well may impart toxicity in living beings. Presently there have been physical, chemical, biological and enzymatic approaches implicated to reduce pesticides. Although aimed to eradicate, physical and chemical methods are inefficient. Curiously, microbial pesticide remediation has been cost effective and...
Promising biosurfactant produced by a new Candida tropicalis UCP 1613 strain using substrates from renewable-resources
June 2017
The current work aimed to use agro-industrial wastes as a strategy to obtain biosurfactant from a new Candida tropicalis UCP 1613 isolated from mangrove sediments of Rio Formoso, Pernambuco State, Brazil. The yeast was identified based on 18S rRNA sequencing method and blast homology search. The promising strain showed the ability to use an optimal composition of a cheap medium containing whey (3%), cassava wastewater...
Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using a novel dilution tube method
June 2017
A novel ‘dilution tube method’ (DTM) which is a modification of the ‘dilution method’ (DM) is hereby described for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). This new DTM uses only broth medium in tubes and the required antibiotic. MIC and MBC for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were determined in...
Effectiveness of Pseudomonas species in the management of tomato early blight pathogen Alternaria solani
June 2017
Management of tomato early blight pathogen (Alternaria solani) has relied principally on application of synthetic fungicides. The use of biological control agents has been recognized as a viable option to synthetic chemicals in plant disease control. The present study evaluated the effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, P. putida, and P. cepacia on tomato early blight pathogen and investigated their efficacy...
Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Klebsiella isolates from clinical samples in a Saudi hospital
June 2017
Klebsiella infection is often the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Resistance pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility to commonly prescribed drugs were studied in Klebsiella isolates from a hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Clinical samples were collected from 6840 patients and screened for Klebsiella species over a period of 14 months. The strains were identified using microbiological and biochemical tests...
Aspergillus niger LMM01: A new source of glucose oxidase in Amazon
June 2017
Glucose oxidase (GOx) has several industrial applications. It is believed that there are several species of fungi that have the ability to produce this enzyme, most of which are unexplored. This work aimed to investigate the production of glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) by fungi isolated from soil samples of the Amazonian forest. Filamentous fungi were isolated from soil samples from the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve,...
Biochemical and molecular identification of newly isolated pigmented bacterium and improved production of biosurfactant
June 2017
A novel bacterium pigmented isolate from Caatinga soil was characterized by biochemical and molecular assays, as well as, by rep-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16S rDNA sequencing, and was identified as Serratia marcescens based on 99% of similarity. The identity of the sequences were compared by pairs of critical species of S. marcescens found in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with a 96%...
Macrofungal diversity in the forest litter of Nadia District, West Bengal, India
June 2017
Litter decomposing macrofungi (LDM) and ectomycorrhiza (ECM) play vital roles in maintenance of forest ecosystem. Since these soil-litter dwelling fungi produce lignolytic enzymes, they have been proved useful in soil bioremediation. However, literature of these groups is limited and therefore it is important to record and identify them. This study reports the diversity of litter growing macrofungi in three sal (Shorea...
Isolation and characterization of petroleum product emulsifying Pseudomonas strains from a generating set fuel tank
June 2017
This study characterized microbial strains isolated from diesel fuel samples collected from the tank of a generating set at the Institute of Research for Development in Pointe-Noire (Congo). Two bacterial isolates (G2 and G3) were distinguished by their color on agar plates and were characterized by their API 20E biochemical profiles and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The phenotypic properties of these isolates were...
Antimicrobial activity and FTIR characterization of lapachol derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus
June 2017
Lapachol is a natural naphthoquinone with important activity due to its chemical and structural properties. Nine semisynthetic derivatives of this substance were tested against strains of Staphylococcus spp. to identify the antimicrobial activity of these compounds. Only β-lapachone and oxime of lapachol showed good activity against the strains studied. The minimum bactericidal concentration values ranged from 62.5...
Factors associated with candidemia by non-albicans Candida group in midwest region of Brazil: Eight-year cross-sectional study
June 2017
The alarming increase in the non-albicans Candida group (NAC) as the etiologic agent of bloodstream infections has made it necessary for the factors associated with candidemia caused by NAC to be elucidated. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted which included analysis of microbiological reports, medical records and hospital infection notifications in two tertiary hospitals (Mato Grosso, Brazil) over 8...
Antimicrobial effects of novel fluorous and non-fluorous surfactants
June 2017
Novel fluorous and non-fluorous surfactants have been synthesized and examined for their potential as microbicides compared with nonoxynol-9 (N-9) by testing their effects on Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). These compounds include nonionic surfactants consisting of F5-triethylene glycol (F5-TEG), F7-triethylene glycol (F7-TEG), C5-triethylene glycol (C5-TEG), C7-triethylene glycol...
Performance evaluation of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genotypes and taxa on human and animal blood agar culture media
June 2017
The performance characteristics of growth, morphological aspects and hemolytic activities of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA) strains were studied on twelve types of blood agar (BA) culture media (sheep, bovine, horse, rabbit and human). ORSA isolates were also previously characterized by isoenzymes genotyping and genetic and grouping analysis. Variations in the diameter of the colonies were detected among seven...
Isolation and screening of amylase producing thermophilic spore forming Bacilli from starch rich soil and characterization of their amylase activity
June 2017
Thermostable amylases are the most important enzymes in present with potential industrial applications. The main objective of this study was to isolate and characterize thermophilic amylases from Bacilli found in starch rich soil. Amylase producing bacilli were isolated and their enzymes were also characterized. Effect of temperature, pH, substrate and salt concentration on amylases activity were determined. All...
Phenotypic identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from cattle at Suleja Abattoir, Nigeria
June 2017
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a well-known pathogen of man and animals and a very low infection dose is needed to propagate the infection and clinical disease. In this study, a total of 515 rectal swab samples were collected from cattle and subjected to conventional biochemical tests. Presumptive identification on Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) yielded an overall prevalence of 83.1%. Cefixime, Tallurite, Sorbitol MacConkey...
Technology and microbiology of traditionally fermented food and beverage products of Ethiopia: A review
June 2017
Fermented food and beverage products are made globally by using different practices, fresh materials and microbes. Fermented foods have ample sources of essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and antioxidants that are all enhanced through the process of fermentation. The advantageous effects related with fermented products have a special prominence during the production of these products in unindustrialized countries...
Comparative assessment of Ni and As(III) mediated alterations in diazotrophic cyanobacteria, Anabaena doliolum and Anabaena sp. PCC7120
May 2017
The comparative effects of nickel (Ni2+) and arsenite (As(III)) on two diazotrophic cyanobacterial species were investigated in terms of photosynthetic attributes. Both metals demonstrated inhibitory effects on growth, pigments (chl a and phycocyanin) and photosystem II (PS II) photochemistry. However As(III) exerted severe effects as compared to Ni reflected by (1) reduced growth (2) significant inhibition of chl a and...
Nosocomial infections in intensive care and medical rehabilitation units, and evaluation of antibiotics prescription
May 2017
Although, nosocomial infections (NIs) are considered to be an important cause of mortality and prolonged stay in hospitals, there are only a few studies that are concerned with their prevention and reduction in rehabilitation units. This could be because most NI surveys have been carried out mainly in acute and long-stay in hospitals. As a result, limited information is available on prevention and reduction of NIs in...
Microbiological study of ventilator associated pneumonia with antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolated strains and its relation to nasal colonization in neonatal intensive care unit
May 2017
The aim of this study is to analyze the microbiological profile of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in relation to nasal swabs and prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria so as to implement effective treatment and prevention strategies in NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit). One hundred neonates were ventilated for more than 48 h and met the inclusion criteria which were enrolled in the study. All cases were...
Antimicrobial activity of selected plant species and antibiotic drugs against Escherichia coli O157:H7
May 2017
Recent research has focused on natural plant products as alternative for disease control in both developed and developing countries. Medicinal plants can be a possible source for new potent antimicrobial agents to which pathogenic strains are not resistant. The present study was carried out to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of 14 plant species namely; Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Bryophyllum pinnatum,...
Efficient production of second generation ethanol and xylitol by yeasts from Amazonian beetles (Coleoptera) and their galleries
May 2017
Beetles of the Passalidae family live and feed on decaying wood and their guts are richly colonized by yeasts. The goal of this research was to prospect xylolytic yeasts with potential for the production of second-generation bioethanol. Therefore, 83 specimens of beetles belonging to the Passalidae and the Scarabaeidae families were collected in the Amazonian rainforest in Itacoatiara - AM, Brazil. Morphological...
Diversity and distribution of fungal communities within the hot springs of soda lakes in the Kenyan rift valley
May 2017
Fungi are highly diverse and versatile, with members growing under different environmental conditions including extreme environments. Although fungal communities in some extreme environments have been investigated in recent years, little is known about their structure and richness within the hot springs of soda lakes in Kenya. The aim of the study was to determine the biogeography and diversity of fungi from the hot...
Colorimetric gold nanoparticles-based assay for direct detection of Clostridium difficile in clinical isolates from Qatar
May 2017
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a significant health problem worldwide. Control and prevention strategies of C. difficile horizontal transmission require assays with fast detection with high specificity and sensitivity. Conventional diagnostic methods are time consuming and costly for clinical field settings. This study aims to develop gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based assay for direct qualitative detection of...
Characterisation and evaluation of thiol-releasing and lower volatile acidity forming intra-genus and inter-genus hybrid yeast strains for Sauvignon Blanc wine
May 2017
Wine yeast expressed proteins are influential during the production of varietal aromatic Sauvignon Blanc wines as they release or mediate aroma compounds and undesirable volatile acidity (VA). As Torulaspora delbrueckii in conjunction with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as a S. cerevisiae/T. delbrueckii inter-genus hybrid were previously shown to produce white wine with enhanced aroma and/or lower VA, intra- and novel...
Diversity and bioprospecting potential of rhizo and endophytic bacteria from two mangrove plants in Saudi Arabia
May 2017
Mangrove plants are located on coastal area of sea and harbor diverse communities of microorganisms. The aim of our present study was to isolate bacteria from two different mangroves collected from the coastal area of Thuwal, Saudi Arabia and to further screen them for their antimicrobial activities. We have isolated 317 different rhizo and endophytic bacteria from mangroves using soil, roots and leave tissues. Bacteria...
Atypical manifestation in infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrier SCCmec IV and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-producer in experimental sepsis model
May 2017
Staphylococcus aureus is considered an infectious agent of great clinical importance, responsible for many different types of infection. Strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Panton-Valentine leukocidin producers, are considered more invasive, presenting clinical sequelae related to abscesses and infection in skin and soft tissues. The use of invasive techniques in hospital environment, such as...
Serological detection of bacterial pathogens associated with rotted potato tubers
May 2017
Studies were conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, India in 2010-2011 on serological detection methods for identification of bacterial pathogens associated with rotted potato tubers. One hundred and two rotten potato tubers of KufriJyoti variety were collected from freshly harvested lot of All India Co-ordinated Potato Improvement...
Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from clinical isolates in Niamey, Niger
May 2017
Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae is one of the main causes of antibiotic treatment failure in hospitals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ESBL produced by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical samples (urine, stool, pus, blood culture) in the “Hôpital National de Niamey” and the “Hôpital National...
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from humans in Nairobi, Kenya
May 2017
Nosocomial infections due to multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus are an important health problem worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance prolongs the duration of hospitalization, thereby increasing the cost of patient care. For a long time, methicillin was considered as drug of choice for treatment of penicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections. Emergence of methicillin resistance reduced the available options for...
Development and application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a soluble recombinant nucleoprotein for the detection of antibodies to avian influenza virus
May 2017
Avian influenza (AI) causes significant impact on industrial poultry farming, besides infecting a variety of vertebrates. The detection of antibodies against viral antigens by serological methods is important for the epidemiology, control and prevention of AI because their high simplicity and speed for assaying a large number of samples. Obtaining antigenic preparations used for detection of anti-avian influenza virus...
Antagonistic effect of lactobacilli isolated from camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk on food borne pathogens
May 2017
Camel milk is a suitable substrate for the growth of protective bacterial flora. Detection of lactic acid bacteria producing antimicrobial substances from camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk in south Algeria against some food-borne pathogens is the subject of this work. Morphological, physiological and biochemical tests have identified four Lactobacillus isolates belonging to the following species: Lactobacillus fermentum,...
Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A protein among adult dyspeptic patients in South-western Nigeria
May 2017
cagA gene, a marker for the cag pathogenicity island (CagPAI) and a virulent factor in Helicobacter pylori infection codes for 120 to 145 kDa protein that is associated with cytotoxin production and more severe clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether any correlation exists between H. pylori CagA protein and the endoscopic findings among dyspeptic patients from South-western, Nigeria and also to...
Phomopsis sp. as an endophyte of Turnera subulata L.: Isolation, identification and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of their extracts
May 2017
Turnera subulata L. is a plant that belongs to the Turneraceae family and is popularly known in Brazil as “Chanana”; it is used as an alternative medicine. Among all microorganisms, fungi are mostly associated with plants. The aim of this study is to isolate, identify and evaluate the antifungal and antioxidant activity of extracts of Phomopsis sp. isolated from T. subulata. From the leaf fragment obtained...
Pleurotus albidus: A new source of milk-clotting proteases
May 2017
Researches have been done to discover new sources of microbial proteases with milk-clotting activity to replace the traditional rennet from calves. The aim of this study was to select a species of edible mushroom as milk-clotting enzymes producer using the submerged fermentation technology. From the six species evaluated, Pleurotus albidus was the one that expressed the highest value of coagulant ratio (21.60). The...
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of Cymbopogon schoenanthus
May 2017
Medicinal plants have been widely used in folk medicine. They are considered today as an interesting source of new drug due to their bioactive components. The genus, Cymbopogon (Poaceae) seems to be the most promising source of several bioactive compound. This study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activities of Cymbopogon schoenanthus on several pathogenic bacteria, fungi and virus. Antibacterial and antifungal...
Phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated and characterized from Teff rhizosphere soil collected from North Showa zone, Ethiopia
May 2017
Phosphorus is one of the major bio elements limiting agricultural production. About 95 to 99% phosphorus in agricultural soil is unavailable form for plant growth. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms can increase soil phosphate availability. This study was aimed to identify and evaluate phosphate solubilizing fungi from Teff rhizosphere soil. Fungi were identified using lactophenol cotton blue staining confirmation...
Interaction and activity of nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae)
April 2017
Haematobia irritans, also known as the horn fly, is a “plague” that spreads rapidly among cattle herds, especially in the southeast of Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction and activity of nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) on H. irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). The experiment was conducted using the nematophagous fungus (AC001), which is harmless to animals, humans, and...
Bacterial vaginosis in Khartoum State, Sudan: Comparison of Gram stain with Pap test procedures
April 2017
The prime purpose of this study was to define the reliability of the Pap test in establishing the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) as well as ascertaining the trustworthiness of Pap test and Gram stain in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis using Amsel’s criteria as a gold standard method. Thereby prospective study conducted included 300 females attending to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in our...
Evaluation of microbial adverse effects on fresh and processed bovine meat in N'Djamena (Chad) and Yaoundé (Cameroun)
April 2017
A study from May 2015 to February 2016 was conducted in N'Djamena and Yaoundé regions to assess the microbial hazards associated with fresh and transformed bovine meat. A total of 120 samples of dried, fresh and spicy dry meat (kilichi) were collected. The microbiological results showed that 70% of dried meat from N’Djamena had Escherichia coli as major contaminant compared to 55% of dried meat from...
Prevalence and antibiotics resistance patterns of Salmonella isolated from kitchen sponges at Jimma town, Ethiopia
April 2017
It is identified that through the cleanout practice of utensils, dishes, etc. in kitchens, the before washing and after washing activities are done with the use of sponges to remove food remains. These food residues along with the wetness in the sponges tender an encouraging environment for microbial proliferation. Sponges and tea towels used in cleaning equipments and utensils have been known as possible agents in the...
Screening of Lactobacillus spp. from raw goat milk showing probiotic activities against pathogenic bacteria
April 2017
This research work was executed to isolate potential Lactobacillus spp. from local raw goat milk samples for their antimicrobial activities against different human intestinal pathogens. Isolation of such bacteria was carried out by Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar media. Identification of the isolated strain was conducted according to the morphological and biochemical tests. Furthermore, growth optimization and their...
Identification of acetic acid bacteria isolated from Tunisian palm sap
April 2017
Date palm sap (Phoenix dactylifera L.), called Lagmi, is a sugary substrate that readily ferments through the activity of native microflora that consists mainly of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria (AAB). The aim of this work was to perform a preliminary step in the isolation and identification of AAB species from different samples of palm sap collected in Southern Tunisia, in order to use them as a...
Evaluation of banana genotype resistant to Xanthomonas wilts disease (Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum) in south east of Ethiopia
April 2017
Xanthomonas wilt caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv.musacearum (Xcm) is one of the most important constraints to banana production. The use of resistant banana varieties would be a long-term and cost-effective solution to control any pathogen. Therefore, identifying this pathogen resistant banana genotype is one of the basic requirements for effective management. The current study was therefore initiated to evaluate...
Association of N2-fixing cyanobacteria with wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) roots
April 2017
Two locally prevailing hetyerocystous cyanobacterial isolates, collected from alluvial clay soil and identified as Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena variabilis, were tested (either singly or mixed) for their potency to colonize the roots of wheat seedlings. N. muscorum formed close association with root hairs, whereas A. variabilis showed loose binding. The mixture of both cyanobacterial strains formed weak association with...
Comparative study for growth and sporulation of some mycotoxigenic fungi in relation to water activity effects
April 2017
This study examined the effect of water activity (0.85-0.995 aw) on growth rate and asexual spore production for four mycotoxigenic strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum) on Malt Extract Agar (MEA). The water activity levels of MEA media were modified ionically (NaCl) and non-ionically (glycerol). Results showed that the optimum aw for growth was at...
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