Pleurotus ostreatus, mushrooms production using quick and cheap methods and the challenges to the use of coffee husk as substrate
August 2017
Coffee husk is a residue generated in large amount in Brazil and which contains caffeine and tannins, among other compounds, resulting in disposal problem. Recently, studies have shown that coffee husk can be used as substrate for mushroom cultivation. However, the main problem seems to be a low mushroom yield. Moreover, sterilization was always performed, making difficult the mushroom cultivation dissemination in...
Intestinal parasitic infections and nutritional status of pre-school children in Hawassa Zuria District, South Ethiopia
August 2017
Though early childhood nutritional status is an important aspect of children’s health, different factors affect it. Intestinal parasitosis is common among children of developing countries. Even if studies well discuss the public health significance of intestinal parasites and nutritional deficits as a separate issue, evidences discussing their relationship are limited from Ethiopia. Therefore, this study...
Evaluation of fresh culture media for mycelial growth and conidial production of Botrytis fabae, causing chocolate spot on faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
August 2017
Botrytis fabae incites chocolate spot, one of the most devastating fungal diseases infecting and constraining faba bean cultivation in Ethiopia. Culturing of B. fabae and mass production of its infective conidia has been very difficult for pathological researches on the disease caused by this fungus. Therefore, two in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate influence of culture media on mycelial growth and...
Assessment of survival Escherichia coli in rennet cheese manufactured from experimentally contaminated milk
August 2017
Being a handmade product, the rennet cheese is prepared following regional and family traditions. In some places, the milk is obtained under sanitary conditions disabled and therefore has a high number of micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli. This study aimed to verify the survival of E. coli in rennet cheese made from experimentally contaminated milk, after storage for 21 days under refrigeration, at 4.0°C....
Prevalence of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus in GonoShastho Nagar Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
August 2017
Antibiotics are used in the prevention of different kinds of infectious diseases, but now-a-days, multidrug resistant strain of pathogenic bacteria is increasing due to the excess or misuse of antibiotics. These antibiotic resistant bacteria have become a great problem for the big population of Bangladesh. In this study, seven clinical samples were screened from about 250 patients having upper respiratory infections at...
Microbiological monitoring of water and Crassostrea rhizophorae in a mangrove ecosystem in Brazil
August 2017
Mangroves are considered as natural nurseries and classified as permanent protected areas. The study area is the municipal ecological site of Ilha do Lameirão, covering 891.83 ha of mangrove forest. This area persistently suffers from anthropic pressure. For this reason, there is the need to study and monitor the microbiological characteristics and recognition of the main factors...
Production of novel antifungal compounds from actinomycetes isolated from waste dump soil in Western Uganda
August 2017
Drug resistant and opportunistic organisms are a problem to medical health due to the fact that most of the drugs that were used are now not effective. Currently, there is a need to search for new drugs that can enhance the control of these organisms. Actinomycetes and their secondary metabolites can be used as such drugs. This study was designed to isolate actinomycetes producing novel anti-fungal compounds from waste...
Contamination of meat products by coagulase positive staphylococci in the Algiers, Algeria
August 2017
Meat is regarded as one of the main sources of food-borne diseases; its evaluation can constitute a valuable source of information that can be used in the design of collective prophylaxis programs in public health. In order to assess the level of contamination of certain meat products by coagulase-positive staphylococci and the influence of the storage temperature of these products, we conducted a study in three types...
Identification of intestinal microbiota and microbiological quality of the king weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon)
August 2017
The king weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon) has a wide geographic distribution in South America and provides a positive economic outlook for the fishing industry in Brazil. The present study aimed to identify the intestinal microbiota and bacterial strains that can increase during storage of the king weakfish. Characterization of the microbiological quality was performed on samples to identify the microflora through...
Midgut bacterial diversity analysis of laboratory reared and wild Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in Kenya
August 2017
Midgut symbiotic bacteria are known to play fundamental roles in the biology of mosquitoes, however knowledge of midgut bacterial communities associated with mosquitoes is scanty due to limitation of the isolation techniques based on culturing. In this study, the composition and diversity of midgut bacteria in field collected and lab reared adult female Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes was...
Effects of antifungal activity of essential oils, salts and antioxidants acids on pathogenic fungi and their application methods for controlling postharvest diseases in banana fruits
August 2017
In vitro clove essential oil (1.0%), sodium carbonate (2.0%) and sorbic, salycilic and propinic acids (0.5%) completely (100%) inhibited mycelial linear growth of Colletotrichum musae and Fusarium moniliforme, which is the cause of postharvest diseases in banana fruits. In vivo different application methods, that is, spray, soaking and dusting were tested on crown rot, neck rot, finger rot and flower end rot under...
In vitro evaluation of compost extracts efficiency as biocontrol agent of date palm Fusarium wilt
August 2017
Bayoud, vascular wilt of date palm caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), is widely distributed in all date palm growing regions of Morocco. It is the most serious disease of the date palm. Compost is recognized for their ability to improve soil characteristics and to protect the crops against biotic and abiotic stress. In this experiment, in vitro effects of different concentrations of sterilized and...
Immunological evaluation of sequential poliovirus vaccination among Saudi and non-Saudi children living in Jeddah
August 2017
Poliomyelitis is a life-threatening acute paralytic disease caused by Poliovirus (PV). In the present study, the immunostatus of polio-vaccinated children and young adults (1 to 21 years old) living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia was investigated to ascertain their extent of protection against the virus. Children were categorized in three groups: (A) Immunocompetent: Group I: Vaccinated by IPV at first and, Group II-...
Microbiota sampled from a polluted stream in Recife-PE, Brazil and its importance to public health
July 2017
Pollution of water bodies can cause environmental and public health problems. The Cavouco stream is a tributary of the Capibaribe River, one of the main rivers in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and receives a high pollution load from residential, laboratory and hospital effluents. The aim of the present study was to perform phenotypic and molecular characterization in this stream, and evaluate the water quality using...
Detection of Chikungunya and West Nile viruses in febrile patients in Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria using real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
July 2017
Most patients presenting with febrile conditions are often treated for malaria, especially in the developing world, whereas some of them may be of arboviral origin as they also present with similar symptoms. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been found to be the method of choice for the early detection and confirmation of virus in clinical samples, especially where there is an overlap of...
Antagonistic effect of Anabaena fertilissima CCC597 on pathogenic Vibrio cholerae propagating in association with cyanobacterial community in freshwater bodies of Eastern Madhya Pradesh
July 2017
Various biodiversity indices revealed that Microcystis aeruginosa is a major bloom forming colonial cyanobacterium dominantly present in the examined two districts of Eastern Madhya Pradesh. Microcystis viridis, Microcystis panniformis and Microcystis botrys along with filamentous cyanobacteria Anabaena spp., Arthrospira major and Oscillatoria limosa/O. laetevirens were the other species present. Amplification of VCO1...
Prevalence and resistance profile of extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
July 2017
Increasing bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has become an issue of concern. A major problem of the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae using antibiotics is the emergence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and describe their resistance...
Biological control of potential antagonistic bacteria isolates to restrict Magnaporthe grisea infection on rice
July 2017
Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea, frequently affects rice in the world. This research is intended to screen biological control agents for controlling M. grisea, referencing the study biological control agents testing approaches, since biological control is an environmentally friendly plant disease controlling approach. 710 bacterial isolates were discovered from rice tissues, of which hopeful biological control...
Improvement of decontamination and isolation protocols for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) from raw milk samples
July 2017
Most protocols regarding sample decontamination for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) isolation are based on the MAP detection from feces and not milk. The choice of the best decontamination protocol is crucial to a successful MAP isolation. In this study, 36 combinations of variables for sample decontamination and MAP isolation from raw milk presented in the literature were carried out on milk...
Purification and molecular characterization of chitinases from soil actinomycetes
July 2017
Microbial extracellular chitinases are used in agriculture as effective biocontrol agents and in waste degradation, pharmaceutical and food industry. Actinomycetes are widely tapped group for production of extracellular chitinases. In the present study, approximately 260 actinomycetes were isolated from various ecological habitats was subjected to primary analyses and screened for production of chitinase by plate assay...
Effect of the fermentation on the microbial population occurring during the processing of zoom-koom, a traditional beverage in Burkina Faso
July 2017
Zoom-koom is a traditional fermented beverage from Burkina Faso based on cereals such as millet or sorghum. Samples were collected from two local production sites of microenterprises (Zogona and Dassasgho). Microorganisms dynamic during the production of zoom-koom were enumerated using pour plate methods. The titratable acidity, pH and temperature of fermentation were determined using respectively titrimetric and...
Bacteriological quality of drinking water from source to point of use among rural communities of Farta Woreda in North West, Ethiopia
July 2017
Access to safe water is a universal need. However, many of the world’s population lack access to adequate and safe water. Consumption of contaminated water with viruses, bacteria and parasites causes health risk to the public and the situation is serious in rural areas. So this study is aimed at assessing the bacteriological quality of drinking water at source and point of use among rural Communities of Farta...
Evaluation of semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mannan antigen detection compared to blood culture for diagnosis of candidemia
July 2017
Invasive Candida infections have emerged as an important pathogen in the last decade, especially in immunocompromized patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the detection of Candida species in blood samples from pediatric patients with sepsis by blood culture method versus antigen detection method by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and molecular method by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This...
Antibiofilm activity of natural substances derived from plants
July 2017
The main objective of this study was to conduct a review of bioactive substances derived from plants which show antimicrobial/antibiofilm properties. Vegetable species were widely employed as ingredients in medicine based on traditional knowledge. Various secondary metabolites have been proven to inhibit bacterial growth. Bacterial resistance mechanisms have increased over the years. Biofilms are types of bacterial...
In vitro efficacies and durabilities of antibiotic/vitamin C coated hemodialysis catheters
July 2017
Catheter associated bloodstream infections, exit-site infections, and tunnel infections are common complications related to hemodialysis central venous catheter use. Effective antimicrobial coating of catheters that can inhibit device colonization has the potential of preventing clinical infection. The study investigated in vitro the antimicrobial efficacies of hemodialysis catheters impregnated with an antibiofilm...
Prevalence of pathogenic and antibiotics resistant Escherichia coli from effluents of a slaughterhouse and a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Dakar
July 2017
The aim of this study was to detect and characterize pathogenic and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from slaughterhouse wastewater and the effluents of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Dakar, Senegal. Genetic markers associated with enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) were screened in 268 E. coli isolates from slaughterhouse and 272 E. coli...
Community knowledge and attitudes on antibiotic use in Moshi Urban, Northern Tanzania: Findings from a cross sectional study
July 2017
There is increasing and spread of antibacterial resistance to antibiotics worldwide. The level of knowledge and attitudes of the community regarding the use of antibiotics in Tanzania is unknown. The present study identified determinants of knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotics use in Moshi Urban district, Northern Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2016 among community members...
Development of the fly ‘crop vessel’ bioassay for fly/microbial studies
July 2017
The dipteran crop has been implicated in many fly/microbe associations. In most cases, reports merely identify that the microbe(s) in question is(are) found inside the crop, but very few studies have focused on their long-term presence within the crop. Possibly, one of the main reasons for this is that flies usually regurgitate their crop contents, which makes it difficult to do long-term studies. Because of this, an in...
Biosorption of fireworks pollutants by indigenous soil fungi from Sivakasi, India
June 2017
Sivakasi a notable industrial town, which is known for its fireworks industries that accounts 70% of the country's yield. Besides largest production, release of the wide range of deleterious chemicals increases the concern about environmental conservation. Fungi are the eukaryotic organism which has enormous metabolite profile. These distinct features of fungi made excessive attention towards the mycoremediation....
Microbial degradation of pesticide: A review
June 2017
Excessive use of pesticides has been known to be hazardous to the environment, affect soil fertility as well may impart toxicity in living beings. Presently there have been physical, chemical, biological and enzymatic approaches implicated to reduce pesticides. Although aimed to eradicate, physical and chemical methods are inefficient. Curiously, microbial pesticide remediation has been cost effective and...
Promising biosurfactant produced by a new Candida tropicalis UCP 1613 strain using substrates from renewable-resources
June 2017
The current work aimed to use agro-industrial wastes as a strategy to obtain biosurfactant from a new Candida tropicalis UCP 1613 isolated from mangrove sediments of Rio Formoso, Pernambuco State, Brazil. The yeast was identified based on 18S rRNA sequencing method and blast homology search. The promising strain showed the ability to use an optimal composition of a cheap medium containing whey (3%), cassava wastewater...
Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using a novel dilution tube method
June 2017
A novel ‘dilution tube method’ (DTM) which is a modification of the ‘dilution method’ (DM) is hereby described for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). This new DTM uses only broth medium in tubes and the required antibiotic. MIC and MBC for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were determined in...
Effectiveness of Pseudomonas species in the management of tomato early blight pathogen Alternaria solani
June 2017
Management of tomato early blight pathogen (Alternaria solani) has relied principally on application of synthetic fungicides. The use of biological control agents has been recognized as a viable option to synthetic chemicals in plant disease control. The present study evaluated the effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, P. putida, and P. cepacia on tomato early blight pathogen and investigated their efficacy...
Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Klebsiella isolates from clinical samples in a Saudi hospital
June 2017
Klebsiella infection is often the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Resistance pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility to commonly prescribed drugs were studied in Klebsiella isolates from a hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Clinical samples were collected from 6840 patients and screened for Klebsiella species over a period of 14 months. The strains were identified using microbiological and biochemical tests...
Aspergillus niger LMM01: A new source of glucose oxidase in Amazon
June 2017
Glucose oxidase (GOx) has several industrial applications. It is believed that there are several species of fungi that have the ability to produce this enzyme, most of which are unexplored. This work aimed to investigate the production of glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) by fungi isolated from soil samples of the Amazonian forest. Filamentous fungi were isolated from soil samples from the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve,...
Biochemical and molecular identification of newly isolated pigmented bacterium and improved production of biosurfactant
June 2017
A novel bacterium pigmented isolate from Caatinga soil was characterized by biochemical and molecular assays, as well as, by rep-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16S rDNA sequencing, and was identified as Serratia marcescens based on 99% of similarity. The identity of the sequences were compared by pairs of critical species of S. marcescens found in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with a 96%...
Macrofungal diversity in the forest litter of Nadia District, West Bengal, India
June 2017
Litter decomposing macrofungi (LDM) and ectomycorrhiza (ECM) play vital roles in maintenance of forest ecosystem. Since these soil-litter dwelling fungi produce lignolytic enzymes, they have been proved useful in soil bioremediation. However, literature of these groups is limited and therefore it is important to record and identify them. This study reports the diversity of litter growing macrofungi in three sal (Shorea...
Isolation and characterization of petroleum product emulsifying Pseudomonas strains from a generating set fuel tank
June 2017
This study characterized microbial strains isolated from diesel fuel samples collected from the tank of a generating set at the Institute of Research for Development in Pointe-Noire (Congo). Two bacterial isolates (G2 and G3) were distinguished by their color on agar plates and were characterized by their API 20E biochemical profiles and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The phenotypic properties of these isolates were...
Antimicrobial activity and FTIR characterization of lapachol derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus
June 2017
Lapachol is a natural naphthoquinone with important activity due to its chemical and structural properties. Nine semisynthetic derivatives of this substance were tested against strains of Staphylococcus spp. to identify the antimicrobial activity of these compounds. Only β-lapachone and oxime of lapachol showed good activity against the strains studied. The minimum bactericidal concentration values ranged from 62.5...
Isolation and screening of amylase producing thermophilic spore forming Bacilli from starch rich soil and characterization of their amylase activity
June 2017
Thermostable amylases are the most important enzymes in present with potential industrial applications. The main objective of this study was to isolate and characterize thermophilic amylases from Bacilli found in starch rich soil. Amylase producing bacilli were isolated and their enzymes were also characterized. Effect of temperature, pH, substrate and salt concentration on amylases activity were determined. All...
Technology and microbiology of traditionally fermented food and beverage products of Ethiopia: A review
June 2017
Fermented food and beverage products are made globally by using different practices, fresh materials and microbes. Fermented foods have ample sources of essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and antioxidants that are all enhanced through the process of fermentation. The advantageous effects related with fermented products have a special prominence during the production of these products in unindustrialized countries...
Phenotypic identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from cattle at Suleja Abattoir, Nigeria
June 2017
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a well-known pathogen of man and animals and a very low infection dose is needed to propagate the infection and clinical disease. In this study, a total of 515 rectal swab samples were collected from cattle and subjected to conventional biochemical tests. Presumptive identification on Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) yielded an overall prevalence of 83.1%. Cefixime, Tallurite, Sorbitol MacConkey...
Performance evaluation of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genotypes and taxa on human and animal blood agar culture media
June 2017
The performance characteristics of growth, morphological aspects and hemolytic activities of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA) strains were studied on twelve types of blood agar (BA) culture media (sheep, bovine, horse, rabbit and human). ORSA isolates were also previously characterized by isoenzymes genotyping and genetic and grouping analysis. Variations in the diameter of the colonies were detected among seven...
Antimicrobial effects of novel fluorous and non-fluorous surfactants
June 2017
Novel fluorous and non-fluorous surfactants have been synthesized and examined for their potential as microbicides compared with nonoxynol-9 (N-9) by testing their effects on Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). These compounds include nonionic surfactants consisting of F5-triethylene glycol (F5-TEG), F7-triethylene glycol (F7-TEG), C5-triethylene glycol (C5-TEG), C7-triethylene glycol...
Factors associated with candidemia by non-albicans Candida group in midwest region of Brazil: Eight-year cross-sectional study
June 2017
The alarming increase in the non-albicans Candida group (NAC) as the etiologic agent of bloodstream infections has made it necessary for the factors associated with candidemia caused by NAC to be elucidated. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted which included analysis of microbiological reports, medical records and hospital infection notifications in two tertiary hospitals (Mato Grosso, Brazil) over 8...
Microbiological study of ventilator associated pneumonia with antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolated strains and its relation to nasal colonization in neonatal intensive care unit
May 2017
The aim of this study is to analyze the microbiological profile of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in relation to nasal swabs and prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria so as to implement effective treatment and prevention strategies in NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit). One hundred neonates were ventilated for more than 48 h and met the inclusion criteria which were enrolled in the study. All cases were...
Nosocomial infections in intensive care and medical rehabilitation units, and evaluation of antibiotics prescription
May 2017
Although, nosocomial infections (NIs) are considered to be an important cause of mortality and prolonged stay in hospitals, there are only a few studies that are concerned with their prevention and reduction in rehabilitation units. This could be because most NI surveys have been carried out mainly in acute and long-stay in hospitals. As a result, limited information is available on prevention and reduction of NIs in...
Antimicrobial activity of selected plant species and antibiotic drugs against Escherichia coli O157:H7
May 2017
Recent research has focused on natural plant products as alternative for disease control in both developed and developing countries. Medicinal plants can be a possible source for new potent antimicrobial agents to which pathogenic strains are not resistant. The present study was carried out to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of 14 plant species namely; Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Bryophyllum pinnatum,...
Comparative assessment of Ni and As(III) mediated alterations in diazotrophic cyanobacteria, Anabaena doliolum and Anabaena sp. PCC7120
May 2017
The comparative effects of nickel (Ni2+) and arsenite (As(III)) on two diazotrophic cyanobacterial species were investigated in terms of photosynthetic attributes. Both metals demonstrated inhibitory effects on growth, pigments (chl a and phycocyanin) and photosystem II (PS II) photochemistry. However As(III) exerted severe effects as compared to Ni reflected by (1) reduced growth (2) significant inhibition of chl a and...
Efficient production of second generation ethanol and xylitol by yeasts from Amazonian beetles (Coleoptera) and their galleries
May 2017
Beetles of the Passalidae family live and feed on decaying wood and their guts are richly colonized by yeasts. The goal of this research was to prospect xylolytic yeasts with potential for the production of second-generation bioethanol. Therefore, 83 specimens of beetles belonging to the Passalidae and the Scarabaeidae families were collected in the Amazonian rainforest in Itacoatiara - AM, Brazil. Morphological...
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