In silico analysis of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus
March 2017
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alpha virus, which belongs to the family, Togaviridae. This virus is known to cause an acute onset of high fever, severe arthralgia and rash, and is usually accompanied by headache and severe joint pain. The present study aimed to construct an updated phylogenetic tree of currently published data and perform a phylogeographic analysis of Chikungunya virus obtained during...
Fungal diversity and community structure in gut, mound and surrounding soil of fungus-cultivating termites
March 2017
The fungus-cultivating termites (Macrotermitinae) form part of diverse termite fauna in Africa, but information on their fungal symbionts is inadequate and poorly understood. In this study, the fungal communities and structure between termite gut, mound and surrounding soil were determined using the 454 pyrosequencing-based analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences. Genomic DNA was extracted and...
Antibacterial effects of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. and Terminalia glaucescens Planch. Ex Benth. on rapidly growing mycobacteria species
March 2017
The development of effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents is required for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial activities of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) (Guill. & Perr.) and Terminalia glaucescens (Planch. ex Benth.) against non-tuberculous mycobacteria species. The methanol, dichloromethane and aqueous extracts were screened...
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Mansoura University Children Hospital, Egypt
March 2017
Widespread use of Macrolide, lincosamide and Streptogramin B (MLSB) family of antibiotics in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has led to an increased resistance to MLSB antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of MLSB resistance among clinical isolates of methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from Mansoura University Children...
Isolation and characterization of potential probiotic enterococci strains from soft cheese flora
March 2017
This study was conducted to determine the in-vitro probiotic properties of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from soft cheese. To evaluate the safety of Enterococcus strains, we compared the pathogenic genes, antimicrobial susceptibility of the probiotic strains to those of clinical isolates, and their antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Enterococcus strains were identified...
Molecular identification and characterization of Salmonella species isolated from poultry value chains of Gazipur and Tangail districts of Bangladesh
March 2017
The aim of this study was to identify and characterize Salmonella species isolated from poultry value chains of Gazipur and Tangail districts of Bangladesh during the period of October 2015 to May 2016. For this purpose a total of 153 samples (35 chick meconium, 49 cloacal swab, 30 poultry carcass, 14 feed, 16 water, 7 transport swab, 2 floor swab) were collected and were subjected to various cultural, biochemical...
Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of inactivated whole culture contagious caprine pleuropneumonia trial vaccine in National Veterinary Institute, Ethiopia
March 2017
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a fatal disease of goats occurring in many countries of Africa and Asia where the total goat population is more than 500 million. Vaccination is the most cost effective technique in the control of CCPP than any other control measures. In National Veterinary Institute (NVI) inactivated mycoplasma protein based vaccine obtained by centrifugation has been in use since many...
Mycoflora associated with the goat’s hair and sheep wool in Taif, Saudi Arabia
March 2017
The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of mycoflora in 30 samples of healthy goat’s hair and sheep wool collected from different localities in Taif, Saudi Arabia, and the ability of some fungal isolates for keratinase activities. Sixty four species belonging to 28 genera were collected from the two substrates. The wool of sheep was polluted with fungi than goat hairs, and contained high total...
Combined efficacy of thymol and silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus
March 2017
Due to the looming spread of resistance to classical antimicrobial agents, innovative therapeutic methods are in dire need to combat the onslaught of resistant bacterial pathogens. This study examines the antimicrobial efficacy of a phytochemical and a metallic nanoparticle against the top Gram positive resistant pathogen. The potential synergy of these two agents was also evaluated. The antibacterial activity of thymol...
Enhanced production of alkaline protease by Aspergillus niger DEF 1 isolated from dairy form effluent and determination of its fibrinolytic ability
March 2017
Proteases constitute most important enzymes owing to their wide variety of functions and have immense applications in various industries viz., medical, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, leather, detergent, and food industries. Despite of their wide spread occurrence in various sources, microorganisms present remarkable potential for proteolytic enzymes production due to their extensive biochemical diversity and...
Antibiotic resistance patterns of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Nigerian grown salad vegetables
March 2017
The reports on some foodborne lactic acid bacteria (LAB) possessing antibiotic resistance (AR) genes on mobile genetic elements are on the increase. In Nigeria, such information is rare. This study was therefore designed to determine the presence and locations of AR genes in LAB isolated from locally grown salad vegetables. The LAB used in this study were previously isolated from Nigerian grown cabbage, carrot, cucumber...
Microbiological evaluation and development of quality index method (QIM) scheme for farmed pintado fish (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans)
March 2017
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality and develop a quality index method (QIM) scheme for farmed pintado fish (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans), with estimation of shelf life. Microbiological analyses showed that two samples of pintado fish were unacceptable for human consumption due to the presence of Salmonella spp. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in all six samples of pintado can be...
Degradation of diesel-oil by a newly isolated Kocuria sediminis DDK6
March 2017
A bacterial strain named DDK6 was isolated from diesel-contaminated soil from a petrol station in Al-Hofuf city, after enrichment on diesel oil. The strain DDK6 formed a reddish-pink colony with a 2 to 3 mm diameter after two days of incubation at 30°C. Cells were Gram-positive coccoid and formed no endospores. Phenotypic identification by the automated bacterial system, Vitek compact II, identified the DDK6 as...
Probiotic profiling of Leuconostoc species isolated from a traditional fermented cassava product
March 2017
The various properties of lactic acid bacteria have made them good auxiliary in the manufacturing process in agro food industries and farms. They are widely used as probiotics which can be defined as living microorganisms that have beneficial effects on human health probiotics could replace antibiotic growth promoters in livestock without creating new threats such as that observed with antibiotics. Before their use as...
Characteristics of cellulase in cellulose-degrading bacterium strain Clostridium straminisolvens (CSK1)
March 2017
Microbial degradation of biomass was considered as a clean and highly efficient approach to produce bioenergy, as it could mitigate the urgent demand for limited petroleum and natural gas. A thermophilic microbial consortium (MC1) was proved a high efficiency cellulose-degrading bacterial community in previous studies. A novel anaerobic, thermophilic, and cellulolytic bacterium (strain CSK1) was isolated from MC1. The...
Use of clinical clue to diagnose anaerobic oral and maxillofacial infections among patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
March 2017
Increase in life threatening oral facial infection despite the use of antimicrobial among patients attending muhimbili national Hospital, Tanzania has made it imperative to investigate bacteria causing infections. However, comprehensive anaerobic bacteriology of clinical specimens is expensive and time consuming procedure. This study aim therefore at providing information on the use of clinical clue, to diagnose...
Effect of tobacco tar on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans biofilm formation
March 2017
Twenty compounds were determined in the tar of cigarette smoke. The tar was obtained using tobacco filters and then analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Tobacco tar expressed marked decrease in the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin, tetracycline and amoxicillin/clavulanic antibiotics and showed marked decrease in susceptibility of Candida albicans to the tested antifungals...
In vitro cytotoxicity and biological activities of Genipa americana (Rubiaceae) ethanolic extracts
March 2017
This study aimed to determine the in vitro toxicity of Genipa americana and its antiviral and anti-microbial activities. Due to lack of knowledge on G. americana validation as medicinal plant, biological studies were performed. For the cytotoxicity experiments, decreasing concentrations of ethanolic extracts of G. americana branches, fruits, and leaves were added to a confluent monolayer of Vero cells. After 72 h, it...
Inhibition of aflatoxin B1 production of Aspergillus flavus isolated from peanut seeds using Lycium halimifolium Mill leaves fractions
March 2017
The aim of this study is to explore the impact of Lycium halimifolium Mill leaves extracts on mycotoxin B1 production in vitro, as well as the inhibitor effect of the aflatoxin B1 synthesis by Aspergillus flavus strain. The strain was isolated, identified (gi |146746162 | EF409803.1.) and positively tested for the production of Aflatoxin B1. The antimycotoxinogenesis effect was investigated using L. halimifolium Mill...
Microorganisms in functional food supplementation: A review
February 2017
Use of microbial systems for functional foods supplementation can be defined into fermentative process by starter cultures, use of probiotics microorganisms and use of microbial biomass. Scientific and technical aspects as related to use of microorganisms in functional foods supplementation are highly diverse and complex, since they have to deal with the viability of probiotic strains as well as with the safe...
Antimicrobial activity of some lactic acid bacteria isolated from local environment in Egypt
February 2017
The aims of this study were to investigate antimicrobial activities of what so-called wild strains of LAB isolated from different sources of Egyptian environment including raw and fermented milk, cheeses, other dairy products, sausage and silage. Isolation of lactobacilli and lactococci were carried out onto plates of MRS and M17 agar, respectively, grouped to identification and the obtained treated supernatants were...
Antibiotic potentials and isolation of metabolomes from microorganisms of mesophilic soil of Rajasthan, India
February 2017
The present of research work was focused on mesophilic soil samples from four different sites of Jaipur (The Pink City) in Rajasthan. Rajasthan is a semi arid region and famous for its sandy soil, heat and temperature which reach up to 50°C in summers. Twenty nine colonies were isolated from the soil samples on nutrient agar media and three distinct isolates were selected and characterized after analyzing coloration...
Activity of metabolites produced by new strains of Lactobacillus in modified de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium against multidrug-resistant bacteria
February 2017
The emergence of nearly untreatable infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria has led to a new public health concern in which a need for development of alternative non-antibiotic strategies has become urgent. The activity of metabolites produced by new strains of Lactobacillus against multidrug-resistant bacteria was investigated. The objective of this work was to isolate and identify lactobacilli from artisanal...
Effect of nutritional parameters and NaCl concentration on phosphate solubilization potential of Penicillium purpurogenum Stoll isolated from paddy field
February 2017
Phosphorus (P) is the major essential macronutrient of plants. But its availability in Indian soil is relatively low due to high rate of P fixation. The use of phosphate solubilizing microorganism (PSM) to solubilize the fixed form of P is economically reasonable and ecologically safe as compared to chemical phosphatic fertilizers. Fungi have been reported to possess greater ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate...
Screening of biologically active constituents from leaves of Aloe elegans and their antimicrobial activities against clinical pathogens
February 2017
The flourishing to the war b/n pathogens and antibiotics is contingent on the diligent trial to find effective antibiotics; so that to lessen the fear faced by resistant microbes. The screening carried out manifested the presence of saponins, glycosides, tannins, reduced sugars, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenols. Alkaloids and steroids were not traced from any of the extracts. Aqueous and solvent extracts from...
Use of novel specific primers targeted to pheS and tuf gene for species and subspecies identification and differentiation of the Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus licheniformis
February 2017
To clearly delimit the members of the Bacillus subtilis group (BSG), is difficult using common phenotypic and genotypic methods. This study described the use of pheS and tuf gene as targets for interspecies discrimination within the BSG, and also to develop specific PCR and SNP primers for species and subspecies identification and differentiation. The average sequence similarity values of the pheS and tuf gene among...
Multidrug resistant Campylobacter in faecal and carcasses of commercially produced poultry
February 2017
Poultry meat and products are major transmission routes of human campylobacteriosis. The aim of this study was to determine the numbers and antibiogram profile of Campylobacter isolates from slaughtered broiler and layer birds. One hundred and sixty caecal and one hundred and thirty two carcasses were randomly sampled at the Kejetia poultry slaughter, isolated on charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (CCDA) and...
Co-existence of multiple B-lactamase traits among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from rural part of Maharashtra, India
February 2017
Acquisition of multidrug resistance and the spread of MDR among pathogenic microorganisms is a growing concern to world. Extended-spectrum ï¢-lactamases (ESBLs) strains of the Enterobacteriaceae; ESBL trait expressing Escherichia coli poses major threat and ESBL E. coli infections are increasingly reported from hospital settings as well as community settings with rising mortality and morbidity rates. The objective of...
Post-treatment of cachaca (Brazilian sugarcane spirit) with charcoal made from cane bagasse
February 2017
The objective of this study was to ferment sugarcane juice using two types of yeast and evaluate the quality of the distillate after beverage filtration in a column filled with ground charcoal derived from cane bagasse. The experimental design was randomized block (split plots, 2 x 2) with three replicates. The primary treatment involved two types of yeast: CA-11 and baker’s yeast. Secondary treatment involved...
Use of a combined cultural-molecular method for isolation and identification of Campylobacter from broiler chicken in Morocco
February 2017
Campylobacters are very important foodborne pathogens that raise the interest of food processors, researchers, as well as consumers and all stakeholders. Their contaminations can result in life threatening disorders, potentially leading to chronic sequelae such as Reiter’s and Guillain-Barré syndromes or Crohn’s Disease. Poultry has been identified as the main and most common reservoirs for...
Prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies to Chikungunya virus among outpatients with febrile illness attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
February 2017
In Nigeria, there is paucity of information on the epidemiology of infections due to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) especially among patients with febrile illness. Cases of febrile illness are usually associated with malaria and typhoid fever without considering the possibility of viral aetiology. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and identify other epidemiological parameters of CHIKV infections among...
Aspergillus flavo furcatis: Aflatoxin test and milk-clotting protease production in submerged and solid state fermentation
February 2017
Proteolytic enzymes are metabolites that can be produced by microbial sources and develop important functions in food industry as in cheese manufacturing. However, it is necessary to ensure the final product safety by testing toxins production by microorganisms. As a result of this, the aim of this study was to investigate the production of proteases by Aspergillus flavo furcatis DPUA 1608 in submerged and solid state...
Microbiological quality of Merguez in some retailing meat shops in the region of M’Sila (Algeria)
February 2017
In order to assess the microbiological quality of Merguez and influence of temperature on the rate of contamination, from April 2 to May 12, 2016, a study was undertaken in two types of meat retailing in the region of M'Sila, Algeria. A total of 60 samples of Merguez were collected in ten sites from five markets and five independent butcher’s shops, for purposes of microbiological analysis. The majority of the...
Rhamnolipid biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain KVD-HR42 isolated from oil contaminated mangrove sediments
February 2017
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain KVD-HR42 exhibiting growth and biosurfactant production with 1% molasses as the sole carbon source was isolated from oil contaminated mangrove sediments. Optimization of media conditions involving variations in carbon, nitrogen sources, amino acids, pH, temperature, and NaCl% were evaluated with the aim of increasing biosurfactant productivity and surface tension reduction (STR). The...
In vitro antifungal effect of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate on the growth of fungi causing sinusitis
February 2017
The study involved 70 nasal swab collected from people suffering from sinusitis and consulted the Ear, Nose and Throat Unit in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, Iraq during the period from 12 June to 12 August 2016 with ages ranging from 0-65 years old. The results showed that the number of nasal swabs that gave fungal growth was 36/70 (51.428%); highest percentage of fungal infection was recorded in ages ranging from...
Production and characterization of biosurfactant isolated from Candida glabrata using renewable substrates
February 2017
The world market for biosurfactants has grown gradually. However, the lack of competitiveness with chemical surfactants due to high cost of production remains a concern. Considering the need to reduce the costs of production, the aim of this work was to study the production and structural characterization of a biosurfactant produced by a strain of yeast Candida glabrata UCP 1556. The low-cost medium containing...
Prevalence and risk of heterotrophic microorganisms in a carbonated soft drink factory
February 2017
A farm to fork approach was used to establish the prevalence and risk of microorganisms in a carbonated soft drinks factory in south eastern Nigeria. Raw materials, intermediate and finished products were collected from 19 microbiological control points in a processing environment and analysed using membrane filtration over a 12 month period. Yeasts and other heterotrophic bacteria increased during the rainy season but...
Microbiological assessment of drinking water with reference to diarrheagenic bacterial pathogens in Shashemane Rural District, Ethiopia
February 2017
Fecal contamination of drinking water is a major problem in rural communities of Ethiopia, where surface water sources like rivers, wells, and lakes are used for drinking. In spite of these problems, few data exist on the microbiological safety of water sources in these settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological safety of drinking water from the sources and households in selected...
Evaluation of biocontrol properties of Streptomyces spp. isolates against phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Microcyclus ulei
February 2017
South American Leaf Blight (SALB) of the rubber tree, caused by Microcyclus ulei and foliar anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, are diseases that adversely affect rubber cultivation in America. Both diseases have a significant economic impact on this agricultural subsector. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential as biological control agents of three Streptomyces species strains,...
Endogenous fungi isolated from three locoweed species from rangeland in western China
February 2017
Leguminous locoweeds cause toxicosis to grazing animals in western China and western USA. Swainsonine, a toxic alkaloid, is produced by the endophytic fungus Alternaria section Undifilum sp. living within the locoweed plants. Nothing is known of the other endogenous fungi associated with locoweed and it is unknown if the presence of Alternaria sect. Undifilum sp., a potential mutualist, in a locoweed influences the...
Microbial community structures of an offshore and near-shore oil production facilities after biocide treatment and the potential to induce souring and corrosion
February 2017
Microbial communities of six samples from Escravos and Meren oil production facility in Nigeria were examined after biocide treatment using cultural and molecular approaches. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) count and activity were the highest in skimmer pit samples (1N1) which was affiliated with Euryarchchaeota (44%) and Proteobacteria (39%). Treatment of Meren injection water (1N2) with biocides significantly reduced...
Microbiological quality of selected dried fruits and vegetables in Maseru, Lesotho
February 2017
Food safety is a global issue, affecting food production and processing. The study assessed the microbiological quality of commercially dried fruits and home dried fruits and vegetables in Lesotho. Moisture content, pH and water activity of the fruits and vegetables were determined using standard methods. Nine different growth media were used for microbial evaluation. Moisture content and water activity were within...
Enhancement of the expression of defense genes in tomato against Ralstonia solanacearum by N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
February 2017
Many Gram-negative bacteria use N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHLs) as quorum sensing (QS) signalling molecules to monitor their population density and to regulate gene expression in a density dependent manner. Recently, it has been shown that AHLs are detected by the plants and they trigger plant defense responses. In this study, N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) has been used as resistant inducer against bacterial...
Microbiological quality of raw vegetables and ready to eat products sold in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) markets
February 2017
Vegetables are usually consumed raw. This implied best hygienic conditions from the harvest to the processing because of the gastro-enteritis that they could provoke. This study was conducted with the aim to appreciate microbiological quality of raw tomatoes, endives and ready-to-eat products sold in markets. Samples were taken randomly in two markets of Abidjan. A microbiological analysis was done in order to identify...
Characteristics of 32 Acinetobacter baumanni isolates co-harboring OXA-Carbapenemases and 16S rRNA methylase gene
January 2017
Multiple drug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter have become common in hospitals worldwide. The problem becomes more acute with existence of hidden Carbapanemase-resistance genes that co-exist with other resistance determinants. Based on this, this research aims to determine the occurrence and co-existence of OXA-type carbapenemases and 16S rRNA methylase gene among clinical isolates of A. baumannii in a Jilin hospital,...
Phytochemical screening of Azadirachta indica A. Juss for antimicrobial activity
January 2017
Azadirachta indica A. Juss, known as neem (Meliacea family), has insecticide and pesticide properties, and many studies have shown their efficacy as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, among others. Studies for the development of drugs from plants are rising due to several factors such as bacterial resistance, indiscriminate use and the adverse reactions of antibiotics. In this study, phytochemical triage and thin layer...
Prospecting of efficient rhizobia for peanut inoculation in a Planosol under different vegetation covers
January 2017
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is capable of establishing an efficient symbiosis with a wide range of rhizobia, nevertheless, the inoculation of this legume is under used due to lack of information on the bacteria naturally established in soils and the agronomic and economic viability of the practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and the symbiotic efficiency of peanut rhizobia from a Planosol under...
Identification and production of biofilm by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from buffalo milk and milking environment
January 2017
The interest in production of buffalo milk is increasing in Brazil due to its physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics. However, just as sheep, goats and cows are susceptible to mastitis, so are buffaloes, which is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In this regard, biofilm formation, the ability to escape host immune defense and virulence factor, is presumably a key factor for acute and chronic...
Engineered microbial consortium for the efficient conversion of biomass to biofuels: A preliminary study
January 2017
This work showed ethanol production by a microbial consortium of Clostridium cellulolyticum and a recombinant Zymomonas mobilis (ZM4 pAA1). The ZM4 pAA1 and wild type ZM4 (ZM4 WT) were first tested on RM medium (ATCC 1341) containing 2% cellobiose as the carbon source. Ethanol production from ZM4 pAA1 was three times higher than that observed from the ZM4 WT. Concomitant with ethanol production was the reduction in OD...
Antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus species from mastitic milk
January 2017
Species within the Staphylococcus genus are important mastitis pathogens. Studies to describe virulence and antibiotic resistance as well as rapid techniques that permit analyses strains are needed. The aims were to identify and characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolated from mastitic milk, and to optimize multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Staphylococci previously isolated from milk of dairy cows with...
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