Antimicrobial activity and FTIR characterization of lapachol derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus
June 2017
Lapachol is a natural naphthoquinone with important activity due to its chemical and structural properties. Nine semisynthetic derivatives of this substance were tested against strains of Staphylococcus spp. to identify the antimicrobial activity of these compounds. Only β-lapachone and oxime of lapachol showed good activity against the strains studied. The minimum bactericidal concentration values ranged from 62.5...
Factors associated with candidemia by non-albicans Candida group in midwest region of Brazil: Eight-year cross-sectional study
June 2017
The alarming increase in the non-albicans Candida group (NAC) as the etiologic agent of bloodstream infections has made it necessary for the factors associated with candidemia caused by NAC to be elucidated. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted which included analysis of microbiological reports, medical records and hospital infection notifications in two tertiary hospitals (Mato Grosso, Brazil) over 8...
Antimicrobial effects of novel fluorous and non-fluorous surfactants
June 2017
Novel fluorous and non-fluorous surfactants have been synthesized and examined for their potential as microbicides compared with nonoxynol-9 (N-9) by testing their effects on Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). These compounds include nonionic surfactants consisting of F5-triethylene glycol (F5-TEG), F7-triethylene glycol (F7-TEG), C5-triethylene glycol (C5-TEG), C7-triethylene glycol...
Performance evaluation of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genotypes and taxa on human and animal blood agar culture media
June 2017
The performance characteristics of growth, morphological aspects and hemolytic activities of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA) strains were studied on twelve types of blood agar (BA) culture media (sheep, bovine, horse, rabbit and human). ORSA isolates were also previously characterized by isoenzymes genotyping and genetic and grouping analysis. Variations in the diameter of the colonies were detected among seven...
Isolation and screening of amylase producing thermophilic spore forming Bacilli from starch rich soil and characterization of their amylase activity
June 2017
Thermostable amylases are the most important enzymes in present with potential industrial applications. The main objective of this study was to isolate and characterize thermophilic amylases from Bacilli found in starch rich soil. Amylase producing bacilli were isolated and their enzymes were also characterized. Effect of temperature, pH, substrate and salt concentration on amylases activity were determined. All...
Phenotypic identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from cattle at Suleja Abattoir, Nigeria
June 2017
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a well-known pathogen of man and animals and a very low infection dose is needed to propagate the infection and clinical disease. In this study, a total of 515 rectal swab samples were collected from cattle and subjected to conventional biochemical tests. Presumptive identification on Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) yielded an overall prevalence of 83.1%. Cefixime, Tallurite, Sorbitol MacConkey...
Technology and microbiology of traditionally fermented food and beverage products of Ethiopia: A review
June 2017
Fermented food and beverage products are made globally by using different practices, fresh materials and microbes. Fermented foods have ample sources of essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and antioxidants that are all enhanced through the process of fermentation. The advantageous effects related with fermented products have a special prominence during the production of these products in unindustrialized countries...
Efficient production of second generation ethanol and xylitol by yeasts from Amazonian beetles (Coleoptera) and their galleries
May 2017
Beetles of the Passalidae family live and feed on decaying wood and their guts are richly colonized by yeasts. The goal of this research was to prospect xylolytic yeasts with potential for the production of second-generation bioethanol. Therefore, 83 specimens of beetles belonging to the Passalidae and the Scarabaeidae families were collected in the Amazonian rainforest in Itacoatiara - AM, Brazil. Morphological...
Comparative assessment of Ni and As(III) mediated alterations in diazotrophic cyanobacteria, Anabaena doliolum and Anabaena sp. PCC7120
May 2017
The comparative effects of nickel (Ni2+) and arsenite (As(III)) on two diazotrophic cyanobacterial species were investigated in terms of photosynthetic attributes. Both metals demonstrated inhibitory effects on growth, pigments (chl a and phycocyanin) and photosystem II (PS II) photochemistry. However As(III) exerted severe effects as compared to Ni reflected by (1) reduced growth (2) significant inhibition of chl a and...
Antimicrobial activity of selected plant species and antibiotic drugs against Escherichia coli O157:H7
May 2017
Recent research has focused on natural plant products as alternative for disease control in both developed and developing countries. Medicinal plants can be a possible source for new potent antimicrobial agents to which pathogenic strains are not resistant. The present study was carried out to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of 14 plant species namely; Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Bryophyllum pinnatum,...
Microbiological study of ventilator associated pneumonia with antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolated strains and its relation to nasal colonization in neonatal intensive care unit
May 2017
The aim of this study is to analyze the microbiological profile of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in relation to nasal swabs and prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria so as to implement effective treatment and prevention strategies in NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit). One hundred neonates were ventilated for more than 48 h and met the inclusion criteria which were enrolled in the study. All cases were...
Nosocomial infections in intensive care and medical rehabilitation units, and evaluation of antibiotics prescription
May 2017
Although, nosocomial infections (NIs) are considered to be an important cause of mortality and prolonged stay in hospitals, there are only a few studies that are concerned with their prevention and reduction in rehabilitation units. This could be because most NI surveys have been carried out mainly in acute and long-stay in hospitals. As a result, limited information is available on prevention and reduction of NIs in...
Diversity and distribution of fungal communities within the hot springs of soda lakes in the Kenyan rift valley
May 2017
Fungi are highly diverse and versatile, with members growing under different environmental conditions including extreme environments. Although fungal communities in some extreme environments have been investigated in recent years, little is known about their structure and richness within the hot springs of soda lakes in Kenya. The aim of the study was to determine the biogeography and diversity of fungi from the hot...
Colorimetric gold nanoparticles-based assay for direct detection of Clostridium difficile in clinical isolates from Qatar
May 2017
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a significant health problem worldwide. Control and prevention strategies of C. difficile horizontal transmission require assays with fast detection with high specificity and sensitivity. Conventional diagnostic methods are time consuming and costly for clinical field settings. This study aims to develop gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based assay for direct qualitative detection of...
Characterisation and evaluation of thiol-releasing and lower volatile acidity forming intra-genus and inter-genus hybrid yeast strains for Sauvignon Blanc wine
May 2017
Wine yeast expressed proteins are influential during the production of varietal aromatic Sauvignon Blanc wines as they release or mediate aroma compounds and undesirable volatile acidity (VA). As Torulaspora delbrueckii in conjunction with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as a S. cerevisiae/T. delbrueckii inter-genus hybrid were previously shown to produce white wine with enhanced aroma and/or lower VA, intra- and novel...
Diversity and bioprospecting potential of rhizo and endophytic bacteria from two mangrove plants in Saudi Arabia
May 2017
Mangrove plants are located on coastal area of sea and harbor diverse communities of microorganisms. The aim of our present study was to isolate bacteria from two different mangroves collected from the coastal area of Thuwal, Saudi Arabia and to further screen them for their antimicrobial activities. We have isolated 317 different rhizo and endophytic bacteria from mangroves using soil, roots and leave tissues. Bacteria...
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from humans in Nairobi, Kenya
May 2017
Nosocomial infections due to multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus are an important health problem worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance prolongs the duration of hospitalization, thereby increasing the cost of patient care. For a long time, methicillin was considered as drug of choice for treatment of penicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections. Emergence of methicillin resistance reduced the available options for...
Development and application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a soluble recombinant nucleoprotein for the detection of antibodies to avian influenza virus
May 2017
Avian influenza (AI) causes significant impact on industrial poultry farming, besides infecting a variety of vertebrates. The detection of antibodies against viral antigens by serological methods is important for the epidemiology, control and prevention of AI because their high simplicity and speed for assaying a large number of samples. Obtaining antigenic preparations used for detection of anti-avian influenza virus...
Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from clinical isolates in Niamey, Niger
May 2017
Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae is one of the main causes of antibiotic treatment failure in hospitals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ESBL produced by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical samples (urine, stool, pus, blood culture) in the “Hôpital National de Niamey” and the “Hôpital National...
Serological detection of bacterial pathogens associated with rotted potato tubers
May 2017
Studies were conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, India in 2010-2011 on serological detection methods for identification of bacterial pathogens associated with rotted potato tubers. One hundred and two rotten potato tubers of KufriJyoti variety were collected from freshly harvested lot of All India Co-ordinated Potato Improvement...
Atypical manifestation in infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrier SCCmec IV and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-producer in experimental sepsis model
May 2017
Staphylococcus aureus is considered an infectious agent of great clinical importance, responsible for many different types of infection. Strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Panton-Valentine leukocidin producers, are considered more invasive, presenting clinical sequelae related to abscesses and infection in skin and soft tissues. The use of invasive techniques in hospital environment, such as...
Phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated and characterized from Teff rhizosphere soil collected from North Showa zone, Ethiopia
May 2017
Phosphorus is one of the major bio elements limiting agricultural production. About 95 to 99% phosphorus in agricultural soil is unavailable form for plant growth. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms can increase soil phosphate availability. This study was aimed to identify and evaluate phosphate solubilizing fungi from Teff rhizosphere soil. Fungi were identified using lactophenol cotton blue staining confirmation...
Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A protein among adult dyspeptic patients in South-western Nigeria
May 2017
cagA gene, a marker for the cag pathogenicity island (CagPAI) and a virulent factor in Helicobacter pylori infection codes for 120 to 145 kDa protein that is associated with cytotoxin production and more severe clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether any correlation exists between H. pylori CagA protein and the endoscopic findings among dyspeptic patients from South-western, Nigeria and also to...
Antagonistic effect of lactobacilli isolated from camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk on food borne pathogens
May 2017
Camel milk is a suitable substrate for the growth of protective bacterial flora. Detection of lactic acid bacteria producing antimicrobial substances from camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk in south Algeria against some food-borne pathogens is the subject of this work. Morphological, physiological and biochemical tests have identified four Lactobacillus isolates belonging to the following species: Lactobacillus fermentum,...
Phomopsis sp. as an endophyte of Turnera subulata L.: Isolation, identification and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of their extracts
May 2017
Turnera subulata L. is a plant that belongs to the Turneraceae family and is popularly known in Brazil as “Chanana”; it is used as an alternative medicine. Among all microorganisms, fungi are mostly associated with plants. The aim of this study is to isolate, identify and evaluate the antifungal and antioxidant activity of extracts of Phomopsis sp. isolated from T. subulata. From the leaf fragment obtained...
Pleurotus albidus: A new source of milk-clotting proteases
May 2017
Researches have been done to discover new sources of microbial proteases with milk-clotting activity to replace the traditional rennet from calves. The aim of this study was to select a species of edible mushroom as milk-clotting enzymes producer using the submerged fermentation technology. From the six species evaluated, Pleurotus albidus was the one that expressed the highest value of coagulant ratio (21.60). The...
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of Cymbopogon schoenanthus
May 2017
Medicinal plants have been widely used in folk medicine. They are considered today as an interesting source of new drug due to their bioactive components. The genus, Cymbopogon (Poaceae) seems to be the most promising source of several bioactive compound. This study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activities of Cymbopogon schoenanthus on several pathogenic bacteria, fungi and virus. Antibacterial and antifungal...
Interaction and activity of nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae)
April 2017
Haematobia irritans, also known as the horn fly, is a “plague” that spreads rapidly among cattle herds, especially in the southeast of Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction and activity of nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) on H. irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). The experiment was conducted using the nematophagous fungus (AC001), which is harmless to animals, humans, and...
Bacterial vaginosis in Khartoum State, Sudan: Comparison of Gram stain with Pap test procedures
April 2017
The prime purpose of this study was to define the reliability of the Pap test in establishing the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) as well as ascertaining the trustworthiness of Pap test and Gram stain in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis using Amsel’s criteria as a gold standard method. Thereby prospective study conducted included 300 females attending to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in our...
Evaluation of microbial adverse effects on fresh and processed bovine meat in N'Djamena (Chad) and Yaoundé (Cameroun)
April 2017
A study from May 2015 to February 2016 was conducted in N'Djamena and Yaoundé regions to assess the microbial hazards associated with fresh and transformed bovine meat. A total of 120 samples of dried, fresh and spicy dry meat (kilichi) were collected. The microbiological results showed that 70% of dried meat from N’Djamena had Escherichia coli as major contaminant compared to 55% of dried meat from...
Prevalence and antibiotics resistance patterns of Salmonella isolated from kitchen sponges at Jimma town, Ethiopia
April 2017
It is identified that through the cleanout practice of utensils, dishes, etc. in kitchens, the before washing and after washing activities are done with the use of sponges to remove food remains. These food residues along with the wetness in the sponges tender an encouraging environment for microbial proliferation. Sponges and tea towels used in cleaning equipments and utensils have been known as possible agents in the...
Association of N2-fixing cyanobacteria with wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) roots
April 2017
Two locally prevailing hetyerocystous cyanobacterial isolates, collected from alluvial clay soil and identified as Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena variabilis, were tested (either singly or mixed) for their potency to colonize the roots of wheat seedlings. N. muscorum formed close association with root hairs, whereas A. variabilis showed loose binding. The mixture of both cyanobacterial strains formed weak association with...
Screening of Lactobacillus spp. from raw goat milk showing probiotic activities against pathogenic bacteria
April 2017
This research work was executed to isolate potential Lactobacillus spp. from local raw goat milk samples for their antimicrobial activities against different human intestinal pathogens. Isolation of such bacteria was carried out by Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar media. Identification of the isolated strain was conducted according to the morphological and biochemical tests. Furthermore, growth optimization and their...
Comparative study for growth and sporulation of some mycotoxigenic fungi in relation to water activity effects
April 2017
This study examined the effect of water activity (0.85-0.995 aw) on growth rate and asexual spore production for four mycotoxigenic strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum) on Malt Extract Agar (MEA). The water activity levels of MEA media were modified ionically (NaCl) and non-ionically (glycerol). Results showed that the optimum aw for growth was at...
Evaluation of banana genotype resistant to Xanthomonas wilts disease (Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum) in south east of Ethiopia
April 2017
Xanthomonas wilt caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv.musacearum (Xcm) is one of the most important constraints to banana production. The use of resistant banana varieties would be a long-term and cost-effective solution to control any pathogen. Therefore, identifying this pathogen resistant banana genotype is one of the basic requirements for effective management. The current study was therefore initiated to evaluate...
Identification of acetic acid bacteria isolated from Tunisian palm sap
April 2017
Date palm sap (Phoenix dactylifera L.), called Lagmi, is a sugary substrate that readily ferments through the activity of native microflora that consists mainly of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria (AAB). The aim of this work was to perform a preliminary step in the isolation and identification of AAB species from different samples of palm sap collected in Southern Tunisia, in order to use them as a...
Isolation of gut associated bacteria from mangrove crabs collected from different mangrove regions of Tamil Nadu, South east coast of India
April 2017
Mangrove crabs are mostly herbivorous which consume more amount of leaf litter of various mangrove species and also plays most important role in leaf degradation. Several studies reported that crab harbor bacteria from the environment through water and food. Bacterial species of the gut can influence the health and robustness of the host. The present study aims to isolate and enumerate the bacterial count from the gut...
Microbiological quality and safety of some-street-vended foods in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia
April 2017
Street food vending has been benefiting both consumers, who are the in low socio economic status, as well as vendors, by creating job opportunities. However, street foods are perceived to be a major public health risk due to contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and safety of street-vended foods in Jimma town in Ethiopia. The study involved collection of socio-economic...
Microbiological study of cases of early neonatal sepsis and evaluation of the role of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 as diagnostic biomarkers of such cases
April 2017
Neonatal sepsis is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Its early diagnosis is very important but very difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the value of C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) as early diagnostic biomarkers for early neonatal sepsis (ENOS). Forty neonates with prenatal risk for neonatal sepsis with their mother were taken in this study (group I). Ten...
Potential of Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. as compost microbiota for coffee husk
April 2017
About 70 to 80% of the coffee berries husk end up as agricultural waste after processing. Its neglect or improper utility can cause environmental pollution. The present study investigated the efficiency of Streptomyces, Trichoderma harzianum and the combination of both as bio-degradable agents of coffee husk which is regarded as agricultural waste. Identification of their efficiency is necessary to stimulate further...
Probiotic potential Streptomyces species from the grains of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
April 2017
Actinomycetes have been demonstrated for plant growth-promotion, antagonistic against plant pathogens and insect pests and biofortification traits in many agriculturally important crops. The present investigation was conducted to characterize probiotic properties of actinomycete(s) isolated from pearl millet flour and batter samples. A media selective and specific were used for isolation, actinomycetes isolation agar...
Riboflavin enriched iru: A fermented vegetable protein
April 2017
African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) cotyledon is fermented in most countries of West Africa to produce a soup condiment, known as ‘iru’ in Yoruba language, or ‘dawadawa’ in the predominant Hausa language. Iru is rich in minerals and serves as a source of protein supplement in the diet of poor families. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is an essential component of basic cellular metabolism but its...
Isolation and characterization of enteropathogenic and enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli from dairy products consumed in Burkina Faso
April 2017
Food-borne diseases represent a public major health problem, and drink-water, juice, meat, and milk products are usually involved. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from dairy products consumed in Burkina Faso. Five hundred and twenty-two samples were gathered. Escherichia coli were isolated using Standard Microbiological Methods. A 16-plex polymerase chain reaction...
A cross sectional study on Salmonella in apparently healthy sheep and goats slaughtered at Elfora and Luna export abattoirs, Ethiopia
April 2017
A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2015 and March 2016 on apparently healthy slaughtered sheep and goats, and clean knife at Luna and Elfora export abattoirs located at Modjo and Bishoftu towns to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella in sheep and goats, to assess the hygienic condition of flaying knife, and to isolate and identify the prevalent Salmonella sub-species. A total of 525 samples...
Toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in processing of coalho and mozzarella cheese
April 2017
Staphylococcus aureus is commonly involved in food poisoning due to production of toxins responsible for causing animal and human diseases. In this study, 60 strains of presumptive S. aureus isolates from raw milk and cheese were biochemically identified in four dairies: 54 (90%) from refrigerated raw milk (RRM) with counts exceeding 106 CFU/mL, and six (10%) from cheese with similar concentrations of CFU/mL. Out of the...
Isolation and characterization of potential probiotic enterococci strains from soft cheese flora
March 2017
This study was conducted to determine the in-vitro probiotic properties of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from soft cheese. To evaluate the safety of Enterococcus strains, we compared the pathogenic genes, antimicrobial susceptibility of the probiotic strains to those of clinical isolates, and their antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Enterococcus strains were identified...
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Mansoura University Children Hospital, Egypt
March 2017
Widespread use of Macrolide, lincosamide and Streptogramin B (MLSB) family of antibiotics in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has led to an increased resistance to MLSB antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of MLSB resistance among clinical isolates of methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from Mansoura University Children...
Antibacterial effects of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. and Terminalia glaucescens Planch. Ex Benth. on rapidly growing mycobacteria species
March 2017
The development of effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents is required for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial activities of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) (Guill. & Perr.) and Terminalia glaucescens (Planch. ex Benth.) against non-tuberculous mycobacteria species. The methanol, dichloromethane and aqueous extracts were screened...
Fungal diversity and community structure in gut, mound and surrounding soil of fungus-cultivating termites
March 2017
The fungus-cultivating termites (Macrotermitinae) form part of diverse termite fauna in Africa, but information on their fungal symbionts is inadequate and poorly understood. In this study, the fungal communities and structure between termite gut, mound and surrounding soil were determined using the 454 pyrosequencing-based analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences. Genomic DNA was extracted and...
In silico analysis of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus
March 2017
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alpha virus, which belongs to the family, Togaviridae. This virus is known to cause an acute onset of high fever, severe arthralgia and rash, and is usually accompanied by headache and severe joint pain. The present study aimed to construct an updated phylogenetic tree of currently published data and perform a phylogeographic analysis of Chikungunya virus obtained during...
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