Phytochemical screening of Azadirachta indica A. Juss for antimicrobial activity
January 2017
Azadirachta indica A. Juss, known as neem (Meliacea family), has insecticide and pesticide properties, and many studies have shown their efficacy as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, among others. Studies for the development of drugs from plants are rising due to several factors such as bacterial resistance, indiscriminate use and the adverse reactions of antibiotics. In this study, phytochemical triage and thin layer...
Prospecting of efficient rhizobia for peanut inoculation in a Planosol under different vegetation covers
January 2017
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is capable of establishing an efficient symbiosis with a wide range of rhizobia, nevertheless, the inoculation of this legume is under used due to lack of information on the bacteria naturally established in soils and the agronomic and economic viability of the practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and the symbiotic efficiency of peanut rhizobia from a Planosol under...
Identification and production of biofilm by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from buffalo milk and milking environment
January 2017
The interest in production of buffalo milk is increasing in Brazil due to its physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics. However, just as sheep, goats and cows are susceptible to mastitis, so are buffaloes, which is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In this regard, biofilm formation, the ability to escape host immune defense and virulence factor, is presumably a key factor for acute and chronic...
Improving ethanol production by co-culturing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Candida tropicalis from rice husk hydrolysate media
January 2017
The use of agricultural by-product as feed stock and co-culture fermentation is a good strategy for improving the efficiency of fermentation and ethanol production. Most rice husks have low protein and nitrogen content and need to be supplemented with nitrogen for fermentation process. This research sought to determine the optimal supplementation of rice husk stream–based fermentation medium with nitrogen and...
Engineered microbial consortium for the efficient conversion of biomass to biofuels: A preliminary study
January 2017
This work showed ethanol production by a microbial consortium of Clostridium cellulolyticum and a recombinant Zymomonas mobilis (ZM4 pAA1). The ZM4 pAA1 and wild type ZM4 (ZM4 WT) were first tested on RM medium (ATCC 1341) containing 2% cellobiose as the carbon source. Ethanol production from ZM4 pAA1 was three times higher than that observed from the ZM4 WT. Concomitant with ethanol production was the reduction in OD...
Antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus species from mastitic milk
January 2017
Species within the Staphylococcus genus are important mastitis pathogens. Studies to describe virulence and antibiotic resistance as well as rapid techniques that permit analyses strains are needed. The aims were to identify and characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolated from mastitic milk, and to optimize multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Staphylococci previously isolated from milk of dairy cows with...
Diversity and distribution of the endophytic fungal community in eucalyptus leaves
January 2017
Eucalyptus species are among the most widely grown and most economically valuable trees worldwide. In Brazil, eucalyptus is of major environmental and economic importance because it generates thousands of jobs and offers an alternative to using wood from native forests. In forest ecosystems, plant shoots are considered a common habitat for various microorganisms, and plants of the family Myrtaceae are an important...
Dual-path platform (DPP) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): Change the sequence of the tests does not change the number of positive dogs for canine visceral leishmaniasis
January 2017
The Brazilian Ministry of Health determined in 2012 that the official protocol for diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) would be the Dual-Path Platform (DPP) for screening, followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for confirmation. This study evaluated serum samples from 426 dogs from a region in northern Brazil. All samples were tested according to the Official Protocol and the sequence...
Bacterial populations of mosquito breeding habitats in relation to maize pollen in Asendabo, south western Ethiopia
January 2017
Mosquito larvae feed on particulate organic matter including microorganisms. This study was conducted to investigate the diversity and abundant bacteria of Anopheles mosquito larva breeding habitats and to evaluate the contribution of maize pollen as source of nutrients for bacterial growth. The nutrient composition (COD, NH3-N and TP) of the larva breeding habitats water samples were measured by HACH 2010. Bacteria...
A systematic review of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella data obtained from Tanzanian healthcare settings (2004-2014)
January 2017
Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella are an increasing challenge to global health. In Tanzania reliable data is limited for trends of resistance in major hospital-acquired pathogens. Data on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and Salmonella from Tanzanian sources (2004-2014) was extracted from PubMed and Google Scholar databases (April-June, 2015). Descriptive statistics and...
Escherichia coli bacteremia: Clinical features, risk factors and clinical implication of antimicrobial resistance
January 2017
Escherichia coli is an important cause of both community acquired (CA) and hospital acquired (HA) bacteremia. A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care University Hospital from January, 2012 to July 2014, to compare the clinical features, risk factors, outcomes and antimicrobial resistance between E. coli bacteremia acquired from the community (CA) versus E. coli bacteremia acquired from the hospital (HA)....
Thermostable xylanase from thermophilic fungi: Biochemical properties and industrial applications
January 2017
Filamentous fungi have been investigated as producer of xylanases with relevant characteristics for application in different industrial sectors, such as bakery, beverage, biofuel, textile, animal feed, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper. Thus, this review will focus on biochemical properties and industrial use of thermostable xylanases produced by different filamentous fungi, as well as mechanisms of adaptation of...
Diversity and composition of methanotrophs in paddy soil as affected by different long-term fertilizer management from double-cropping paddy fields in Southern China
January 2017
Methane (CH4) is the most important greenhouse gas, which was produced from paddy fields. The CH4 production and emission were affected by methane–oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs). Therefore, it is significant to investigate the effects of fertilizer applications on the change of soil methanotrophs, which affected CH4 emission. The objective of this paper was to describe changes of CH4 and diversity and...
A very high frequency of hepatitis B and C virus infections during an active screening campaign in Abidjan
January 2017
Viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem affecting billions of people globally. Limited information is available on this issue in Cote d’Ivoire. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) during an active screening campaign in Abidjan. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Pasteur Institute of Cote...
Antimicrobial activity of Phoma sp. URM 7221: An endophyte from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae)
January 2017
The discovery of new metabolites potentially bioactive against pathogenic microorganisms, mainly multidrug resistant, has aroused interest in endophytic fungi. The plant-associated microorganisms have been an important source for development of new compounds of biotechnological interest. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial capacity of the endophytic fungus, Phoma sp. URM 7221 isolated from the medicinal...
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on phosphate solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of maize (Zea mays L.)
December 2016
A field experiment was conducted between August and October, 2014 at the Department of Microbiology to assess the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the population and activities of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) in the rhizosphere of maize variety BR9928DMRSR-Y. Three treatment groups were used in the study and these were: Groups which received applications of organic fertilizer (Poultry litter)...
Seasonal emergence of swine erysipelas in hilly state Nagaland, Northeast India
December 2016
Seasonal outbreaks of swine erysipelas have been reported in back yard pig farms in the Phek district of Nagaland, India. The alpha haemolytic isolate of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was recovered on blood agar from the clinical samples. The organisms were confirmed microscopically, biochemical analysis as well as by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rRNA gene and sequence analysis. These Nagaland...
Effect of compaction of soil on the development and production of cowpea inoculated with rhizobium
December 2016
Cowpea is considered as one of the most important species in Brazil, for presenting essential components to the feeding process, which makes it relevant to identify the physical, chemical and biological conditions that benefit or cause damage to its development. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with rhizobia strains in compacted soil on the development and production of cowpea....
Survival of Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli in cactus cladodes under domestic marketing conditions in Mexico
December 2016
In Mexico, during domestic marketing of cactus cladodes, called “nopalitos”, there is a tendency not to provide refrigerated storage, and sometimes dealers do not take care of the hygienic conditions of the product during commercialization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli on cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica Var. Atlixco under...
Evaluation of in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis by different products in Brazil
December 2016
The black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is one of the most popular peppers in the world. Nonetheless, there are several limitations on cultivation, resulting in reduced production or a complete loss of the crop. The major disease affecting this crop is fusarium root rot caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, which is responsible for decimating whole crops in Brazil, with losses reaching millions of dollars per year. So...
Reuse of anaerobic reactor effluent on the treatment of poultry litter
December 2016
Anaerobic digestion of poultry litter was studied with reutilization of its effluent in the process by pumping into reactor feeding, contributing to the moisture content and making part of the feeding organic load: 0.5 and 1.0 kg VS/m3/day, at evaluations 1 and 2, respectively. The hydraulic residence time lasted 10 days for both evaluations and the useful volume of reactor was 35 m3, with a semi-continuous reactor...
Combination antibiotic-phytochemical effects on resistance adaptation in Staphylococcus aureus
December 2016
Emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic resistance has become one of the leading causes of treatment failures in case of bacterial infections. Antibiotic combinations are generally used to enhance the overall efficacy of therapy with the aim to generate synergistic outcomes. It further helps in reduction of total antibiotic dosage. Phytochemicals are known to have multiple bacterial targets that modulate or modify...
Antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants used in South-western Ethiopia
December 2016
Traditional medicinal plants claim many traditional uses across different parts of the world. In Ethiopia, it remains the main source of treatment for the majority of human population and livestock. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity of crude extracts of some traditional medicinal plants commonly used for traditional human medication in selected localities of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia....
Potential control of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) wilt disease using growth regulators, bioagent, antioxidants and essential oils as foliar application under field conditions
December 2016
The efficacy of some fungicide alternatives as foliar spray was evaluated against bean wilt incidence under field conditions. The fungicide alternatives were indole acetic acid, gibberllic acid, Trichoderma harzianum, vitamins E and C, lemon grass, moringa leaf and thyme oils. The obtained results showed that the applied fungicide alternatives treatments could suppress the incidence of green bean wilt. In the light of...
Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from milk of zero grazed cows in Arusha City
December 2016
The present study assessed the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates of raw milk from zero grazed cows. A total of 65 milk samples were collected for analysis. The standard membrane filtration technique and HiCrome E. coli agar were used in isolation of E. coli from milk samples. Isolation of Salmonella species employed pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water followed by...
Mutations in β-lactamases detected in multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria isolated from community acquired urinary tract infections in Assiut, Egypt
December 2016
The aim of this study was to characterize the beta lactamases genes of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) in Assiut, Egypt. Results revealed that one hundred fifty nine [31.8%] out from 500 urine samples were culture-positive. Escherichia coli was the most common UTI pathogen [61%] followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae [23.3%], Proteus mirabilis [8.2%] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [7.5%]. Sensitivity of...
Escherichia coli O157, Staphylococcus aureus and coliforms in crude and processed bovine milk marketed
December 2016
Fifty-five (55) samples from five municipalities in the Recôncavo from Bahia region were analyzed between May and July 2015 to evaluate the sanitary quality and the presence of pathogens of crude and processed bovine milk samples. Psichrotrophic, mesophilic and thermophile rates and the count of Escherichia coli, E. coli O157: H7 Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were done by microbiological methods...
Rhizobia isolation and selection for serradella (Ornithopus micranthus) in Southern Brazil
December 2016
ability to associate symbiotically with rhizobia. The objective of this study was to isolate, authenticate and select effective rhizobia obtained from native serradella (Ornithopus micranthus) to reduce the need for mineral fertilizer. Nodules, roots of serradella and rhizosphere soil samples were collected in seven municipalities from Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states. Bacterial colonies were isolated and...
Optimization of parameters to increase the xylose reductase production from Candida tropicalis strain LY15 using corn cob as hemicellulose waste substrates
December 2016
Xylose reductase (XR) is a key enzyme in order to obtain xylitol from xylose. It has vast applications in biotechnology including xylitol production. The present study aimed to estimate and characterize XR from Candida tropicalis strain LY15. C. tropicalis strain LY15 showed xylose utilization ability and xylose reductase activity after 48 h of incubation at pH 6.5, incubation temperature 28°C and rotation speed 140...
Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria: Features and biotherapeutic approach
December 2016
Bacteriocins are potent antimicrobial peptides produced by every bacterial and archeal species reported to date. The most studied are bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and many species of Bacillus. Knowledge on the classification, biosynthesis and transport of these peptides is changing continually because the discovery and characterization of new bacteriocins increases, thus, the research reports...
Molecular characterization of local strains of Bacillus thuringiensis in the North of Algeria
December 2016
The analysis of soil samples taken from orange groves located in four cities of Northern Algeria allowed the isolation and identification of 24 strains belonging to the group Bacillus cereus, based on their physiological, biochemical and molecular characters investigated. They were divided as follow: 12 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, 1 strain of Bacillus pumilis, 4 strains of Bacillus cereus, 5 strains of Bacillus...
Potential of certain cultivars and resistance inducers to control gray mould (Botrytis cinerea) of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
December 2016
Four different highly economic value pepper cultivars Trezaa, Emberu, Mazurka and Taranto usually grown in Egypt were used to evaluate the efficacy of certain resistance inducers to enhance resistance of pepper fruits against gray mould fungus. Pathogenicity tests with Botrytis cinerea (BC-3 isolate) revealed that cv. Mazurka (Red Colour) was most tolerant and exhibited 40.15% rot severity, while cv. Emberu (Yellow...
Effects of acidification on the extension of shelf life of Japanese wet-type noodles (woo-long noodle)
December 2016
Noodles are one of the most important foods worldwide; various methods have been reported to extend their shelf life. In this study, the effects of dipping noodles in various concentrations of acidulant solutions (organic acids) on the shelf life of the noodles were evaluated. The results showed that the growth of the tested microorganisms, that is, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, was...
Survey of Cryptococcus neoformansin pigeon (Columba livia) excreta in Public Square in Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
November 2016
Cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic fungal infection caused by encapsulated yeast of the Cryptococcus genus, mainly by the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species. The fungus is acquired through the inhalation of environmental propagules or, more rarely, through organ transplants in immune-compromised individuals. Domestic pigeons (Columba livia) are related to the infection, mainly as natural...
Induction of defense mechanisms from filtrates of saprophytic fungi against early blight disease in tomato
November 2016
The induction of defense enzymes presents efficient plant disease management when triggered by metabolic products of microorganisms. The aim of the present study is to select filtered saprobes fungi used for the management of early blight of tomato by inducing pathogenesis related to tomato plant. Filtrates of the fungi Curvularia eragrostidis, Curvularia inaequalis, Memnoniella echinata and Pseudobotrytis terrestris...
Eugenol and linalool: Comparison of their antibacterial and antifungal activities
November 2016
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest threats to human health. Alternatives to antimicrobials are needed to combat the rise of bacterial resistance. Essential oils (EOs) and their components are potential sources of new antimicrobials. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of two components of EOs. The antimicrobial mechanisms of eugenol and linalool were...
Partial characterization of bacteriocin-like substance produced by probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum F12 isolated from Algerian children faeces
November 2016
The strain, Lactobacillus plantarum F12 with probiotic traits was isolated from Algerian healthy children faeces and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. In this study, the antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of bacteriocin-like substance (BLS) produced by this strain were determined. Also, the bacteriocinogenic genes of plantaricin A, plantaricin J and plantaricin K were screened in this strain. The BLS...
Effectiveness assessment of mouthwashes formulated from the essential oils of some beninese medicinal plants against oral germs
November 2016
Faced with the increasing growth of microorganism’s resistance to conventional antibiotics, the search of new bioactive molecules having pharmaceutical interest is more than ever committed. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of seven mouthwashes formulated from essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum basilicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Clausena anisata, Lippia multifora, Eugenia caryophyllata...
Characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in apple (Malus domestica Borkh) growing area in Kashmir Himalaya (India): A case study of Bandipora district
November 2016
Rhizosphere soil samples and root pieces of 3 year old apple trees (var. Red delicious) were collected from 10 villages of district Bandipora of Kashmir Himalaya. Samples were processed for isolation of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores and their identification. On the basis of various morphological characters such as spore shape, colour, size, hyphal colour and with the help of International Collection of...
Storage behaviour and functionality of a heat stabilized starter derived from an African opaque sorghum beer
November 2016
Tchoukoutou is a traditional sorghum opaque beer produced and consumed in Benin. It is obtained from an uncontrolled fermentation of sorghum wort using a traditional starter called “kpete-kpete”. The present study assessed the effects of storage duration on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics as well as on the functional properties of the heat stabilized starter produced from...
Selection of anti-wetting agents and photoprotectants compatible with a soybean weed control bioagent
November 2016
Adjuvants incorporation at formulations can positively influence the performance of bioagent control, contributing to preservation of the inoculum until being used. Adjuvants should not be toxic to pathogen and tests that evaluate the sensitivity of biologic products are essential. The aim of this study was to analyze the compatibility of the anti-wetting agents microcrystalline cellulose, anhydrous sodium carbonate,...
Identification and tracking of microorganisms from the biofilms of container walls used for water storage: Case of rural communities in Burkina Faso
November 2016
Safe drinking water is an important necessity for humans. In rural communities of Burkina Faso, many households use local containers for storing drinking water. During water storage, some microorganisms get attached to the surface walls of the containers to form a biofilm which can deteriorate drinking water quality over time. This study aimed at evaluating the attachment of indicator microorganisms to containers walls...
Extended spectrum-β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing urinary tract infection
November 2016
Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing urinary tract infection (UTI) constitutes a significant therapeutic challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urine samples. Clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Gram negative rods (n=102) were taken from urine...
Cyclic depsipeptide producing fluorescent pseudomonads exerts antifungal activity against fungal pathogens of maize (Zea mays)
November 2016
Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) with antibiotic, biosurfactant producing fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from sugar beet-maize intercropped in sandy loam soils at Maize Research Station, Vagarai, TNAU. Approximately 20 fluorescent pseudomonads from sandy loam soils were isolated by using two different growth media. The strains were distinguished based on their growth, CFU/g, fluorescence, and pigment production....
Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A: An emerging health concern in Nepal
November 2016
Enteric fever is an invasive life-threatening systemic disease caused by the Salmonella enterica human-adapted serovars typhi and paratyphi. Increased incidence of infection with S. enterica serovar paratyphi A poses a significant health concern in some areas of the world. In this study, the incidence of enteric fever confirmed by isolation of Salmonella paratypi A or S. typhi from blood cultures of patients presenting...
Analysis of high levels of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli from healthy broiler chickens in Western Algeria
November 2016
One hundred and two Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy broiler chickens collected from April 2012 to November 2014 in seven geographic areas of western Algeria were studied. Susceptibility pattern to 11 antimicrobial agents was determined by disk diffusion method as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Antibiograms revealed high levels of resistance to quinolones and...
In vitro antimicrobial activity of three medicinal plants of Ethiopia against some selected bacterial isolates
November 2016
Medicinal plants constitute natural source of antimicrobial drugs that will provide essential compounds to fight against disease. In this study, the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Moringa stenopetala, Thymus serrulatus, and Terminalia brownii were investigated against selected pathogenic Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In vitro antibacterial activities of the ethanol extracts were tested at a...
Microbiological evaluation of drinking water available in schools in Cruz das Almas, Brazil
November 2016
The current study assessed the drinkability of water in 25 schools in Cruz das Almas BA Brazil. Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, mesophylls and psichrotrophic bacteria were evaluated, coupled with color, turbidity, free residual chlorine, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demands. Water samples were collected at four sites: the first tap within the supply network or within the alternative supply...
Production of fermented sweet potato flour using indigenous starter cultures
November 2016
The present study develop various microorganisms for starter culture purpose from fermented sweet potato and used the developed starters in the fermentation of sweet potato and products for consistent quality product with improved hygiene. Sweet potato was purchased from different markets and microorganisms were isolated and developed as starters. Comparative studies on different starters for the fermentation of sweet...
Physiochemical evaluation and liability of dromedary camel’s milk in combating various pathogens
November 2016
Dromedary camel’s milk is a natural source of probiotics; enzymes and secondary metabolites that have the ability to combat many pathogens. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of filtered and non-filtered dromedary camel’s milk activity against various pathogens. Filtered and non-filtered (raw and boiled) dromedary milk was assessed against different pathogens by using agar well diffusion...
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