Biological control of olive leaf spot (peacock spot disease) caused by Cycloconium oleaginum (Spilocea oleaginea)
September 2011
We report the antifungal activity of eight different bacterial isolates (Bacillus megaterium NB-3, Bacillus cereus NB-4, B. cereus NB-5, Bacillus subtilis NB-6, Corynebacterium xerosis NB-2, Burkholderia mallei NB-8, B. subtilis (HNEB-1) and B. cereus NEB II voru) against the olive leaf spot fungus (Cycloconium oleaginum). B. subtilis NB-6 (6.88 cm2), B. megaterium NB-3 (7.13 cm2),...
A study on isolation and detection of drug resistance gram negative bacilli with special importance to post operative wound infection
September 2011
Isolation and identification of the drug resistant gram negative bacilli bacteria were carried out from post operative wound infections. Out of 214 samples collected, 167 showed bacterial growth and gram negative bacilli (GNB) growth was observed in 121 samples. In the present study E. coli was found to be the predominant agent isolated from wound infections (37.3%), followed by...
Influence of culture media on mycelial growth and sporulation of some soil dermatophytes compared to their clinical isolates
August 2011
Culture media significantly affected the growth, sporulation and conidial discharge of any microorganisms. The present investigation was conducted to examine the effect of broth and agar media on the mycelial growth and fungal sporulation of six species belonging to five genera of fungi. Soil fungal dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum fulvum) were isolated from soil...
Community acquired skin infections in children in Abidjan: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and exfoliative toxin production
August 2011
The worldwide spread of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin infections is becoming an emerging problem. These bacteria can produce virulence factors. The objectives of this study were to determine the rate of MRSA and frequency of mecA gene by PCR and detect genes eta and etb encoding exfoliatin A and B. This is a prospective study focused on...
Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and Candida species in crude milk
August 2011
Since milk is a high nutrition food, it is extremely liable to microbiological contamination. Maximum hygiene in mechanical milking and in health practices management throughout the production process is necessary so that the quality of crude milk is guaranteed. Current research comprises the collection of milk in milk-producing farms during April, May and June 2009 so that the...
Biochemical role of nitric oxide precursor and antibiotic against typhoid
August 2011
Typhoid fever remains an underestimated important health problem in many developing countries. It continues to be a global problem with an annual estimate of 1.6 million cases and 600,000 deaths. Salmonella, gram negative bacilli can survive during certain stages of host parasites interaction. There are number of drugs being used for the treatment of typhoid, but increasing...
Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of methanol extract of Heliotropium indicum leaf
August 2011
Methanol extract of the leaf of Heliotropium indicum was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against five bacterial isolates comprising of four Gram-negative namely: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. and Proteus mirabilis; and one Gram positive, Staphylococcus aureus at 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml including phytochemical analysis. While both S. aureus and Klebsiella...
Research impetus towards biomolecular medicines development: A review
July 2011
Research towards molecular medicines development for non-infectious diseases such as cardio-vascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neuro-degenerative diseases and musculo-skeletal joint inflammatory disorders (arthritis) needs a fresh impetus, in view of the developments in the assessment of the therapeutic proteins such as interferons, cytokines, interleukins, erythropoietin H, somatostatin, defensins, tumor...
Antibacterial efficacy of nisin, pediocin 34 and enterocin FH99 against Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecium and bacteriocin cross resistance and antibiotic susceptibility of their bacteriocin resistant variants
July 2011
The bacteriocin susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes MTCC 657, Enterococcus faeciumDSMZ 20477, E. faecium VRE, and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and their corresponding bacteriocin resistant variants was assessed. The single and combined effect of nisin and pediocin 34 and enterocin FH99 bacteriocins produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus 34, and E....
Biochemical composition and antimicrobial activities of seed extracts of avocado (Persea americana)
July 2011
The nutrient and antinutrient compositions of the seed of Persea americana were determined prior to the determination of antimicrobial activities of the seed extracts. The seeds were treated to provide the hot water, cold water, methanol and ethanol extracts, which were tested on susceptible micro-organisms such as Eschericha coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex drug resistance pattern and identification of species causing tuberculosis (TB) in the South and East regions of Cameroon
July 2011
Despite advances made in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), resistance to first line drugs remains a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the bacterial species causing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and evaluate resistance to first line drugs in the south and east regions of Cameroon. A total of 372 patients with clinical symptoms of...
Isolation and molecular characterization of UTI associated Serratia marcescens TW1 from urine specimens
June 2011
Among the 100 isolates, a bacterial strain TW1 was isolated from the urine tract specimens of infected women admitted at Government hospital, Namakkal District in Tamil Nadu, India, using caprylate thallious agar medium. The organism was characterized by all biochemical tests and showed similarity with Serratia marcescens. The genomic level confirmation done with 16s rDNA primer by submitting...
Antibacterial influence of Omega diode laser exposure durations on Streptococcus mutans
June 2011
The oral cavity with plaque contained Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria considered to be the major aetiological agents of caries due to their presence in relatively high numbers in plaque, prior to the appearance of carious lesion and its ability to rapidly degrade carbohydrates and induce a tolerance to low level pH environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effects...
Leishmania: Probable genetic hybrids between species in Sudanese isolates
June 2011
The horn of Africa bears the prunt of Leishmaniasis in the world where both Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of Leishmania donovani and Phlebotomus papatasi, the vector ofLeishmania major, exist. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by L. donovani is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in east Africa. The populations of east Africa are very dynamic in continuous...
Investigation on the safety and probiotic potentials of yoghurts sold in Owerri metropolis in Imo State Nigeria
June 2011
Investigation on the microbial safety and probiotic potentials of different yoghurt brands sold in Owerri, Imo State Nigeria, was carried out using standard microbiological procedures. Ten each, of five different brands of commercially available yoghurt packaged in plastic containers were purchased from the street vendors and shopping malls in Owerri metropolis. The mean total count of samples on Brain Heart...
Urinary tract infections at a Nigerian university hospital: Causes, patterns and antimicrobial susceptibility profile
June 2011
Treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is becoming difficult due to the increasing trend of antibiotics resistance and this may necessitate an up to date knowledge of resistance pattern. This study was therefore set up to ascertain bacterial resistance patterns from UTIs at a University hospital. The study was retrospective in nature. Data generated from urine cultures of patients at the University of...
Recurrent psoas abscess due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A case report
May 2011
Recurrent secondary psoas abscess due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a relatively rare disease. Diagnosis is often easy through appropriate investigations but the treatment may be difficult, especially in patients with severe underlying conditions. We report a case of recurrent psoas abscess due to P. aeruginosa in same focus after osteosynthesis for kyphoscoliosis. A 65 years old man...
Prevalence of β-lactamase-producing and non-producing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in clinical samples in Bangladesh
May 2011
Staphylococcus aureus has been reported to be a major cause of community and hospital acquired infections. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics resulted in the development of multi-drug resistant S. aureus throughout the world. Development of multi-drug resistant strains ofS. aureus is increasingly alarming in Bangladesh. We attempted to study the current prevalence of...
Purification of a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium and its effectiveness for preservation of fresh-cut lettuce
May 2011
The bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus species (enterocins) show considerable activity against diverse pathogens. One of these antimicrobial peptides was isolated fromEnterococcus faecium E86 cultured in MRS broth for 24 h at 37°C. The antimicrobial peptide was purified by precipitation in 75% ammonium sulfate, followed by chloroform precipitation and chromatography in Dowex-50,...
Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of “Ammi visnaga†against oral streptococci
May 2011
Some species of “streptococci” have great role in dental caries. So control of their activities can promote prevention of dental caries. Use of herbal agents is a notable issue in recent researches. The aim of this study was evaluation of antimicrobial activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract of seed and stem of Ammi visnaga against Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus...
Antibacterial properties of the leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Corchorous olitorius and Manihot palmate
April 2011
The antibacterial potency of ethanol, acetone and chloroform leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Corchorous olitorius and Manihot palmata were screened against ten bacterial isolates using the agar-well diffusion method. The leaf extracts were screened for antibacterial activities at 25 mg/ml concentration. Antibacterial efficacy of extracts against the...
Nalidixic acid resistant Shigella sonnei infection among dysenteric children in Port Blair
April 2011
Shigellosis is very common in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Two major species and serotypes, Shigella flexneriae 2a and Shigella dysenteriae type 1 were the cause of shigellosis in the Island till 2001. During 2002 to 2003, the scenario of shigellosis shifted and Shigella sonnei emerged as the prime and sole pathogen. On examination of 106 diarrhoeic stool samples, a total...
Survey of the antibacterial activity of Saudi and some international honeys
April 2011
The antibacterial activities of 52 samples of 24 types of honey, either locally produced or imported were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. Manuka honey was included in the study for the sake of comparison. The antibacterial activity (estimated as phenol %) of 91.7% of the tested honeys ranged between 5.5 and 7.9%. There was no relationship between the potency of antibacterial activity and the color...
Resistance pattern of coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
April 2011
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant coagulase positive Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in two major hospitals in Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to compare it with the community-acquired infections. Two hundreds and ten coagulase positive S. aureus recovered from 9831 specimens from various infections at Asir Central Hospital and...
Antimicrobial activity of six selected plants against some strains of pathogenic organisms
March 2011
Crude ethanolic extracts selected six Nigerian plants based on ethnobotanical reports of their antifungal and antibacterial actions were subjected to phytochemical and antimicrobial screening. All the six plants namely Acalypha fimbriata, Glaphae brevis, Vernonia amygdalina, Struchium sparganophora, Celosia argentea and Amaranthus spinosus were screened against strains...
Antimicrobial activities of total alkaloids extracted from some Nigerian medicinal plants
March 2011
The antimicrobial activity of the total alkaloids from five medicinal plants namely Jatropha curcas, Calotropis procera, Magifera indica, Carica papaya and Psidium guajava, commonly used in northern Nigeria for the treatment of various ailments was evaluated using disc diffusion assay. The extracts were used against three bacterial isolates and two fungal isolates...
Biochemical, enterotoxigenicity and antibiogram profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from intestines of snails
March 2011
To evaluate the prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in intestines of land snails and to determine the antibiogram of the isolates, samples for culture were obtained from ninety-nine different land snail species. Isolates of S. aureus were tested for enterotoxin production using the SET-RPLA and their antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by disc diffusion methods...
Antibacterial potential of pot marigold
March 2011
Plants continue to be an important therapeutic aid for alleviating the ailments of humankind. In the present research work different parts (root, leaf and flowers) of Calendula officinalis were screened for potential antibacterial activity against some important bacterial strains, namelyEscherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter...
Utilisation of crude oil and gasoline by ten bacterial and five fungal isolates
March 2011
This study investigated the abilities of ten bacterial and five fungal isolates indigenous to polluted mechanic soils to utilise and degrade crude oil and gasoline. Of all the bacterial and fungal isolates obtained in this study Pseudomonas sp. Bacillus sp. and Aspergillus sp. were found to be more predominant in the polluted mechanic soils. The growth...
Utilisation and biodegradation of atrazine and primextra
March 2011
The abilities of twelve bacterial isolates to utilise atrazine and primextra and the degradation dynamics of the two herbicides in soil was determined in this study. Soil treatments were carried out in triplicates using the completely randomized blocked design. Utilisation of atrazine and primextra were determined by monitoring growth rates of the bacteria, actinomyces and streptomyces via viable counts,...
Study of chamomile’s yield and its components under drought stress and organic and inorganic fertilizers usage and their residue
February 2011
Management of organic and inorganic fertilizer application and residual of them are very important in their effect on environment and plant yield in order to determine the effect of drought stress and different amendments on flower, essential oil and chamazulene yield and yield components of Chamomilla recutita (L.). Rauschert, this study was conducted in split plot design with three...
Microbial load in ready-to-eat rice sold in Benin City
February 2011
The microbial load of ready-to-eat rice from both local fast food centers (local restaurants) and Standard fast food centers (high class restaurants) within Benin City was investigated. The total colony count ranged from 2.0 x 104 to 1.2 x 106 for bacteria and 8.0 x 104 to 2.0 x 105 for fungi. Four bacteria were isolated: Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia...
Characterization of Bacillus sp. strains isolated from rhizosphere of soybean plants for their use as potential plant growth for promoting rhizobacteria
February 2011
Rhizobacteria of Bacillus species were isolated from the rhizosphere of soybean plant of Cirebon, Indonesia, and further examined for plant growth promoting activities. A total of 118 isolates identified as Bacillus sp., 90 isolates (76.3%) among them positively produced phytohormone indole acetic acid (IAA). The 12 isolates (13.3%) were selected, initially on the basis of...
Preliminary screening of antimycobacterial effect of psychrophillic Actinomycetes isolated from Manali ice point: Himachal predesh
February 2011
Totally, 128 psychrophilic actinomycetes were isolated and 14 were found to be facultative psychrophilic which were selected to determine the antimycobacterial activity againstMycobacterium tuberculosis. The results showed that, four strains were active against the test organism M. tuberculosis. The active isolates screened in the present study were found to be highly effective and comes...
Phytochemical extraction and antimicrobial properties of different medicinal plants: Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove), Achyranthes bidentata (Datiwan) and Azadirachta indica (Neem)
January 2011
Aqueous ethanolic extract of four medicinal plants were subjected to in vitro antibacterial assay against human pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa employing cup diffusion method. Among four plants tested Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove) was found to be the most effective...
Potentials of Gladiolus corms as an antimicrobial agent in food processing and traditional medicine
January 2011
The genus Gladiolus (Family: Iridaceae) has 260 species of a perennial herb. In West Africa the corms of Gladiolus species are used in food and Traditional Medicine, often in combination with other plant materials. This study aimed at verifying the basis for the use of these corms in both instances. Aqueous extracts of the corms obtained in Benue State, Nigeria, were tested for...
Antimicrobial agents from the leaf of Struchium sparganophora (Linn) Ktze, Asteraceae
January 2011
Three Antimicrobial agents from the leaf of Struchium sparganophora were isolated by chromatographic methods and characterized. The microbial inhibitory activity of these compounds was investigated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity of some of these compounds was similar in some of the micro-organisms used for the tests...
Comparative studies of antibacterial effect of some antibiotics and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on two pathogenic bacteria
January 2011
This study investigated the comparative effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and some antibiotics on two pathogenic bacteria. The plant extracts were prepared by weighing the plant leaves and root (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 g) into 100 mls of water and ethanol (at g/100 ml) and grounded to determine the extract concentrations. Serial dilutions of the antibiotics...
Characterization and antibiogram of Salmonella spp. from poultry specimens
December 2010
The present study was done for characterization and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of theSalmonella spp. found as contaminants in chicken carcass. The overall incidence ofSalmonella contamination of poultry carcass was found to be 4.90% with the higher percentage of Salmonella being isolated from chicken meat (8.00%) followed by liver and spleen (6.25%). The isolates were identified as...
Symptomatic urogenital candidiasis and therapeutic management on women taking oral contraceptive pills
December 2010
The use of oral contraceptive pills are increasingly becoming popular among women in both urban and rural Nigerian settings, and its perceived association with gynaecologic infections not withstanding. This study was therefore carried out to ascertain the rate of urogenital candidiasis among women on oral contraceptive pills (OCP) in Gboko town. All the willing women on OCP attending family planning clinic and...
Bacillus licheniformis IITRHR2: A novel source of antimicrobial proteinaceous food substance
December 2010
Spoilage of food due to contamination by bacteria present in the environment is a major problem which affects human health and efforts to identify antibacterial components from natural sources has gained momentum. In this regard we isolated a new strain of Bacillus licheniformis IITRHR2 (accession number FJ447354) which produced bacteriocin like inhibitory substance (BLIS). Partially purified BLIS showed a...
Physico-chemical and microbiological properties of honey samples obtained from Ibadan
November 2010
This research paper investigated the physico-chemical and microbiological properties of 10 samples of honey obtained from Ibadan, Oyo State. The physicochemical properties evaluated were colour, water activity, pH, moisture content, ash content and electrical conductivity, while the standard plate count (SPC), total coliforms, Bacillus spp., yeast and mould fungi were the microbiological properties evaluated....
Antimicrobial resistance and disinfectants susceptibility of persistent bacteria in a tertiary care hospital
November 2010
It is well known that putative pathogenic bacteria are ubiquitous and widely distributed in the hospital environment. This study aimed to detect bacterial persistence in the nosocomial environment (different critical areas of the hospital) after mopping by the cleaning staff. Susceptibility patterns to antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants commonly used in health services were also investigated by disk diffusion and...
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains
November 2010
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is recognized wordwide as human pathogen. During the processing of carcasses, fecal contamination or transfer of bacteria from the animals’ hide to carcasses can promote transmission of pathogenic E. coli to food supplies. A survey was performed to determine the sensibility profile to several antimicrobial drugs of STEC in carcasses obtained from an...
Molecular characterization of antigens extracted from hydatid cysts of human and other intermediate hosts
October 2010
This research includes a study of hydatid cysts Echinococcus granulosus (larval stage on the molecular level, where 7 samples of hydatid cysts were collected from parasite intermediate hosts " Human (liver, spleen, lung) and liver of sheep, goat, cattle and buffaloes”. DNA was extracted from germinal layer cells of hydatid cysts which were isolated shortly or preserved for various...
Screening of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus strains for extracellular protease enzyme production
October 2010
The fungal isolates identified as Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus isolated from a local rice husk dumpsite were screened for protease enzyme production. High yields of protease enzyme were obtained by both fungi after 144 h with concentrations of 0.96 µg/ml/min for A. flavus and 0.84 µg/ml/min for A. fumigatus. Optimum temperature for the...
Production and characterization of amylase produced by Bacillus megaterium isolated from a local yam peel dumpsite in Minna, Niger State
October 2010
Ten grams (10 g) of soil obtained from a local yam peel dumpsite in Minna, Niger State was analyzed. The bacterial isolates identified were Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacillus megaterium was used in the present study for the production of amylase enzyme as it recorded the largest zone of activity. Amylase activity was determined using DNS method. Highest yield of...
Novel pyrazolyl pyridazine derivatives likely to possess anti- inflammatory activity
October 2010
Reaction of 4-acetyl-5,6-diphenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one (1) with diethyl oxalate in refluxing sodium ethoxide/ethanol mixture afforded ethyl 2,4-dioxo-4-(3-oxo-5,6-diphenyl-2,3-dihydropyridazin4-yl)butanoate (2) which with hydrazine hydrate (1:1 mol) in refluxing ethanol afforded ethyl5-(3-oxo-5,6-diphenyl-2,3-dihydropyridazin 4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (3) while reaction of 2 with hydrazine hydrate (1:2 moles) in...
Choices of drugs for self-treatment of malaria among adult women in a Nigerian city: Implications for the success of the ongoing ‘roll back’ malaria programme
September 2010
Correct knowledge of current antimalarial drugs available for malaria treatment by Nigerians has a significant impact on the overall success of the ongoing national malaria control programme. This is as a result of a large segment of the communities, who more often than not, rely on self medications or as care givers influence the choice drugs for malaria treatment for their wards. The study was therefore set up to...
Biological control of olive leaf spot (peacock spot disease) caused by Cycloconium oleaginum (Spilocea oleaginea)
September 2010
We report the antifungal activity of eight different bacterial isolates (Bacillus megaterium NB-3, Bacillus cereus NB-4, B. cereus NB-5, Bacillus subtilis NB-6, Corynebacterium xerosisNB-2, Burkholderia mallei NB-8, B. subtilis (HNEB-1) and B. cereus NEB II voru) against the olive leaf spot fungus (Cycloconium oleaginum). B....
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