Fungal metagenomes in polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis
June 2018
The traditional systems of medicine have significantly become more accepted in the developed and developing countries due to their curative property, less toxicity and minimal side effects. However, several studies have shown that they are associated with microbial contaminants. This study aimed at identifying fungi in nine polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in Eastern Cape Province, South...
Ethnopharmacological studies of plants used for the treatment of rheumatic affections in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
May 2018
Plants are a considerable source of active substances which are exploited in the treatment of several diseases, among which are rheumatic affections. This study aimed to explore the knowledge of traditional practitioners and patients on medicinal plant species of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, used for the treatment of rheumatic affections. Direct interviews with open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires were used to...
Effect of Ethiopian high land green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf extract on highly active anti-retroviral therapy induced dyslipidemia in Albino Wistar rats
April 2018
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is considered toxic and has other life-threatening side effects including dyslipidemia. There is no research report on the health effects of Ethiopian highland green tea. Previous work data from elsewhere suggest that lipid abnormalities are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of green...
Pharmacognostic evaluation of the leaf of Microtrichia perotitii DC. (Asteraceae)
April 2018
Microtrichia perotitii DC. belongs to the family Asteraceae (Compositeae) and it is a herb found in the West African countries. The aim of this research was to establish pharmacognostic standards for M. perotitii through macroscopic, microscopic, chemo-microscopic and physico-chemical investigations. The macroscopic studies revealed the shape of the leaf as small with acute apex, asymmetric base, pubescent surface with...
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat human ailment in Guduru District of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
March 2018
This research was carried out to document ethnobotanical data and threats affecting medicinal plants. Semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, face to face discussion, and field visit was employed to gather the required data. A total of 92 informants 21 key and 71 randomly selected informants), of which 48 males and 44 females were used. The study documented 57 plants species which belongs to 55 genera and 41...
The impact of seasonal variation on the volatile oil profile of leaves of Severinia buxifolia (Poir.) and its antimicrobial activity
March 2018
The effect of the time of collection on the quality and quantity of the oil obtained from Severinia buxifolia leaves as well as its antimicrobial activity was studied. The chemical composition of the hydro-distilled oils of the leaves of S. buxifolia (Poir.)Tenore, collected at the four seasons was determined by GC/MS analysis. Moreover, antimicrobial activity was studied, for the oil sample regarding the yield and...
Antimicrobial activities from extracts of seven medicinal plant species against multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi
March 2018
This is the first to report the antimicrobial effects of extracts of seven endemic medicinal plants. Flower extracts of Onopordum jordanicolum exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabillis. Ethanol extract displayed significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus with the best MIC and MMC values. Onopordum blancheanum flower extracts produced...
Diterpenes of the pimarane type isolated from Viguiera arenaria: Promising in vitro biological potential as therapeutic agents for endodontics
February 2018
Viguiera arenaria, family Asteraceae, is a plant that contains diterpenoids, which make this species potentially applicable in endodontics. More specifically, V. arenaria contains diterpenes of the pimarane type, which display various classic biological activities. This study evaluates the antibiofilm activity, the time-kill curve, and the inhibitory concentration index of diterpenes of the pimarane type...
Anticancer activities and safety evaluation of selected Kenyan plant extracts against breast cancer cell lines
February 2018
Breast cancer is a leading cause of deaths among women suffering from cancer in Kenya. The current study was done to determine anticancer activities of medicinal plant extracts against breast cancer cell lines (HCC 1395 and 4T1). Vero cells were used for evaluation of safety of extracts. Thiazoly blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used in this study. Reference drugs were 5 fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide....
Pharmacognosy and phytochemical standardization of Albizia Ferruginea (Guill and Perr) pulps
February 2018
In Africa and Cameroon in particular, people tend to use medicinal plants as the first approach to cure their illness or disease. In order to improve the safety and the progressive integration of those plants in our health systems, it is important to set a system and protocol that would permit an easy characterization, quality and safety control of medicinal plants through a standardization of their recipes. Thus, we...
Chemical composition and in vitro investigation of biological activities of Hemizygia bracteosa (Benth.) Briq leaves
January 2018
Hemizygia bracteosa (Benth.) Briq (Lamiaceae) is used in the treatment of mental disease, memory loss, HIV, malaria and had antimicrobial and hypoglycemic properties. To the authors’ knowledge, no scientific study has been done on these properties except antimicrobial and hypoglycemic properties. The phytochemical investigation focused on the quantification of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins...
Amelioration potentials of Vernonia calvaona ethanol leaf extract in paracetamol-treated rats
January 2018
Paracetamol toxicity due to overdose amongst people living in the developing countries has been on the increase. This study investigated the amelioration potentials of Vernonia calvaona ethanol leaf extract in paracetamol-treated rats. Thirty five Wistar rats were divided into five groups of seven rats each. Hepatic damage was induced by administering 2 g/kg b.wt of paracetamol p.o for four day to all the groups except...
Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaves and flowers ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions from an Algerian endemic plant Calycotome spinosa (L.) Link
December 2017
Calycotome spinosa (L.) Link is one of the important plants in traditional medicine especially in Algeria. The present work deals with the phytochemical screening, the flavonoids extraction from leaves and flowers of this plant, the quantification of total polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. While, the rest,...
Phytochemical and biological analyses of Citharexylum spinosum
December 2017
The phytochemical screening of Citharexylum spinosum L. aerial parts resulted in the presence of flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, triterpenes and/or sterols and saponins. The percentage of hydrocarbons and sterols in C. spinosum petroleum ether extract were 99.57 and 0.3%, respectively. In petroleum ether extract, saturated fatty acids (78.76%) and unsaturated fatty acids (9.14%) were found....
Evaluation of some biological activities of Trigonella hamosa aerial parts
November 2017
The antimicrobial activity of T. hamosa aerial parts extract against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus fecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas auregenosa, Candida albicans, Fusarium sp. and Aspergilus niger was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for susceptible test microorganisms were further determined. Also the antioxidant and α-amylase...
Pharmacognostic evaluation of the leaves and roots of Cassia sieberiana DC.
October 2017
Cassia sieberiana DC. (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae), commonly known as drumstick and ‘aridantooro’ in Yoruba, is a perennial tree native to Africa. It is used in ethno-medicine to manage arthritis and rheumatism. Pharmacological activities such as myorelaxant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial have been reported in literature. Pharmacognostic investigation including microscopy,...
Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in the management of mental illnesses in some selected local government areas of Plateau State, Nigeria
October 2017
Mental illness refers to all diagnosable mental disorders which are characterised by abnormalities in thinking, feelings or behaviours. Ethnobotanical study surveyed the different types of medicinal plants used for the treatment of mental illness in Bassa, Pankshin, and Kanke Local Government Areas of Plateau State, Nigeria. Information was obtained from traditional medicine practitioners, herbalist and herb sellers,...
Antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity of Randia dumetorum Lam. leaf extract
September 2017
The aim of the current study was to explore the antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity of different ’fractions from the leaf extract of Randia dumetorum. Proximate analysis and phytochemical screening were done with standard protocol. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity determination, determination of total phenolic content, determination of total...
Pharmacognostic studies and elemental analysis of Cassytha filiformis Linn
August 2017
Cassytha filiformis, a leafless and perennial vine with small scales as a replacement of the leaves is currently being used in the treatment of various disease conditions such as jaundice. Macroscopic/ organoleptic characters, microscopic, chemo-microscopic characters, numerical standards, and elemental analysis were determined from the whole plant of C. filiformis. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some...
Phytochemical and zootechnical studies of Physalis peruviana L. leaves exposured to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
August 2017
This is a phytochemical and zootechnical study on Physalis peruviana leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. This was part of a scientific development program of plant resources used in Congolese traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in which individual and community consequences are well established. Different fractions with hexane, ethyl acetate and the residue were obtained from the...
Assessment of the effect of aqueous leaf extract of cassava (Mannihot esculenta) on adult Wistar rats
July 2017
This study aimed to explore the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Mannihot esculenta on the morphology and histology of the kidney of adult Wistar rats. Three groups of Wistar rats were used. Group A served as the control treated with 0.3 ml of normal saline, while groups B and C served as the experimental groups. Group B and C were treated with aqueous extract of M. esculenta orally at 0.2 and 0.5 ml, respectively for...
Potential health benefits and scientific review of ginger
July 2017
Ginger has been known for its several scientific properties and valued for the last 2500 years in different parts of the globe. Ginger has rich phytochemistry and several health promoting perspectives. In ginger family, Zingiber officinalis is one of most widely used species and it is found in several foods and beverages. Ginger has been used commonly to treat diarrhea, stomach upset, indigestion and nausea. It also has...
Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used for the treatment of diabetes in the town of Sidi Slimane (Morocco)
June 2017
The study aimed to screen the antidiabetic plants used by 700 diabetic patients in the town of Sidi Slimane (northwestern Morocco). The results identified 59 species belonging to 28 botanical families, four of which are predominant (Lamiaceae: 9 species; Apiaceae: 7 species; Asteraceae: 5 species; Fabaceae: 4 species). The most used species are: Trigonella foenum-graecum, Oreganum vulgare, Salvia officinalis, Marrubium...
In vivo anti-plasmodial activity and histopathological analysis of water and ethanol extracts of a polyherbal antimalarial recipe
June 2017
Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (stem bark), Azadirachta indica A. Juss (stem bark and leaf), Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth. (leaf), Crescentia cujete L. (stem bark), Lawsonia inermis L. (leaf), Lophira alata Banks ex C.F. Gaertn. (stem bark), Myrianthus pruessii Engl. (leaf), Nauclea latifolia Sm. (stem bark), Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (root), and Terminalia glaucescens Planch ex Benth. (stem bark and root) are combined...
Chemical constituents and biological activities of different solvent extracts of Prosopis farcta growing in Egypt
May 2017
Different solvent extracts from the aerial part of Prosopis farcta growing in Egypt have been biologically evaluated by studying their antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the chemical analysis using GC/MS has been performed for the promising extracts n-hexane and methylene chloride, and this analysis led to the identification of twenty six and thirty two compounds respectively from...
Phytochemical and biological investigation of Eugenia uniflora L. cultivated in Egypt
May 2017
Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) is a plant species used in folk medicine for treatment of various disorders. This study aims to quantify the phenolic and flavonoid contents of E. uniflora aqueous methanolic extract (AME), identification of its major constituents, as well as the evaluation of its biological activity. Quantification was performed using colorimetric assays. Column chromatographic separation was used for...
Anti-asthma potential of dried Draco Spilopterus Wieg. 1834 (Philippine Flying Dragon) using mesenteric mast cell count by atopic allergy method
April 2017
Decocted Draco spilopterus has been utilized in the Philippines for the treatment of asthma associated with its strong folkloric beliefs however no scientific evidence was available to prove such claims. Thus, the researchers ventured into this study to determine the anti - asthma potential of dried D. spilopterus on male albino rats using mesenteric mast cell count by atopic allergy method. Fifteen D. spilopterus were...
Mystroxylon aethiopicum chloroform root bark extracts phytochemical analysis using gas chromatography mass spectrometry
April 2017
Mystroxylon aethiopicum has been used by many ethnic groups in Africa for the management of hemorrhagic diarrhea, stomachache, respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections coughs, hypertension and gonorrhea. This study was carried out to identify low molecular weight phytochemicals present in the root bark extract of M. aethiopicum with the aid of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The...
Phytochemical profile of stem bark extracts of Khaya senegalensis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis
March 2017
The phytochemical constituents of stem bark extracts of Khaya senegalensis were isolated and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A shade-dried stem bark of K. senegalensis was extracted using methanol and water as solvents. The main chemical compositions of the extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed to confirm the various classes of active chemical....
Biochemical and antioxidants activity of crude, methanol and n-hexane fractions of Vernonia calvoana on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
March 2017
This study is aimed at evaluating the biochemical effects and antioxidants activity of extracts of Vernoia calvoana Hook. f (V.C) on STZ induced diabetic rats. Thirty-six rats weighing (100 to 150 g), were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Groups 1 and 2 representing normal and diabetic controls (NC and DC), respectively, receiving placebo, while groups 3 to 6 represented diabetic treated, receiving 500 mg/kg...
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Urtica Dioica extract against N-nitroso methyl urea induced injuries in mice
February 2017
The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and protective effect of an aqueous extract from Urtica dioica on liver injuries, induced by one of the most potent dietary carcinogenic agents N- Nitroso methyl urea (NMU). Firstly, the free radical scavenging activity of U. dioica extract was assessed by measuring its capability to scavenge the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Liver injury was...
Brown seaweeds administration generate psychotherapeutic response associated with brain norepinephrine modulation in rats
January 2017
Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has increased considerably over the past few decades in search of panacea for neuroprotection. Seaweeds are one of the herbal sources consumed in many Asian countries as medicine due to their remarkable bioprospecting properties and evident health benefits. Keeping in view the bioactive potential of seaweeds, the present study was designed to evaluate the...
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extracts of Phyllanthus amaru Schum and Thonn.
January 2017
The leaf extracts of Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn. a common Western Nigerian weed, was investigated for phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities. Hexane extracts demonstrated the highest extraction of 59% followed by Acetone (57%) and water (48%). Saponins, tannins, alkaloid flavonoids, balsam, anthraquinones and phenols were extracted in an acidic medium. Twelve microorganisms (8 bacterial species...
Chemical composition and anticancer activity of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) essential oil from Egypt
January 2017
The aerial parts of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip., wildly grown in Egypt, yielded 0.8 and 1.5% (v/w) of essential oils prepared by hydrodistillation (HD), or by conventional volatile solvent extraction method (preparation of the “absolute”, SE), respectively. The volatile components of this essential oil were determined by GC–MS analyses. Twenty eight compounds were identified in...
Phytochemical and antioxidant studies of methanol and chloroform extract from leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. in Tropical region of Nepal
December 2016
This research was carried out with the aim of phytochemical analysis and determining antioxidant activity present in methanol and chloroform leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica. Due to its potential in curing various ailments as well as wide spread application of antioxidant activity such as in the field of cosmetology, the plant was selected for the study. The total phenolics contained in the plant extracts were also...
Preliminary bioactivity investigation of Styrax officinalis fruit extract as potential biopesticide
December 2016
Styrax officinalis is a deciduous large shrub that grows in many Mediterranean countries. Active ingredients are localized in the fruit pericarp. Primary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, tannins and triterpenes and absence of alkaloids and flavonoids. No antimicrobial, but strong ichthyotoxic and molluscicidal effects were observed in the saponin-rich extract .Toxicity tests with the snail Cornu...
Antioxidant, hypolipidemic and preventive effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) on alcoholic liver damage in rats
November 2016
The use of alcoholic beverages is more common and accepted by our society despite the health risks. Alcohol catabolism produces free radicals that cause oxidative stress and damage in liver principally. Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) is a medicinal plant that has been shown to have wide variety of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant and hypolipidemic effect. The objective of this study was the evaluation of...
Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities as well as stability of green and roasted coffee bean extracts from Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora grown in Thailand
October 2016
Coffea arabica (Arabica) and Coffea canephora (Robusta) are the economic plants in Thailand that are widely cultivated in Northern and Southern Thailand. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase activities, toxicity, stability and identify chemical components of the coffee bean extracts. The best extract that showed good biological activities will be further used to develop cosmeceutical products....
Amaranthus viridis modulates anti-hyperglycemic pathways in hemi-diaphragm and improves glycogenesis liver function in rats
October 2016
Amaranthus viridis is an ecumenical species in the botanical family of Amaranthaceae, which has been traditionally used to treat several skin diseases along with some antilipidemic activities. The present study was carried out to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic effect of 75% ethanolic extract of A. viridis in Neonatal streptozotocin (N-STZ) induced rats’ hemi-diaphragm, including screening for secondary plant...
Effect of seasonal changes on the quantity of phytochemicals in the leaves of three medicinal plants from Limpopo province, South Africa
September 2016
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of seasonal changes on the quantity of phytochemicals in leaves of three medicinal plants: Barleria dinteri, Grewia flava and Jatropha lagarinthoides, collected from Limpopo province in South Africa. Three medicinal plants were collected during different seasons of the year and phytochemicals were quantified on plant samples collected in each season. Alkaloids and...
Essential oil constituents and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the root of Mondia whitei (Hook. F.) Skeels (Periplocaceae)
August 2016
The composition of the essential oil of the root of Mondia whitei was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The agar-well diffusion technique was used for the antimicrobial assay of the oil against nine clinical pathogenic organisms viz. Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococccus aureus and...
Comparative study between effects of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale and Atorvastatine on lipid profile in rats
August 2016
Zingiber officinale is known for its cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties. The use of traditional medicine reduces the use of drugs with a risk of toxicity. This study aims to assess the effects of ethanol extract of Z. officinale and atorvastatin on lipid parameters in rats fed with high-fat diet. The experiment was carried out on 40 rats during 9 weeks. The animals were divided into 4 groups; group 1...
Anti-cancer efficacy of ethanolic extracts from various parts of Annona Squamosa on MCF-7 cell line
July 2016
Medicinal plant extracts are known to possess breast cancer antidote. The present investigation is focused on anticancer efficacy of various parts of Annona squamosa. The organic (ethanol) extracts from various parts of Annona squamosa were prepared using soxhlet apparatus and tested for in vitro anticancer efficacy on Breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)...
Evaluation of anti-bacterial activity and bioactive chemical analysis of Ocimum basilicum using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques
June 2016
The objective of this research was to determine the chemical composition of aerial parts extract from methanol. The phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Thirty one bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight,...
Analysis of bioactive chemical compounds of Euphorbia lathyrus using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
May 2016
The aim of this study was determination the phytochemical composition of methanolic seeds extract of Euphorbia lathyrus. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of E. lathyrus revealed the existence of the Carbonic acid, (ethyl)(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) diester, 1H-Pyrrole,2,5-dihydro-1-nitroso, Hexanal dimethyl acetal, Isosorbide dinitrate, DL-Arabinose,...
Design and optimisation of novel Huperzine A analogues capable of modulating the acetylcholinesterase receptor for the management of Alzheimer’s disease
May 2016
This is a de novo drug design study that aimed to create novel structures based on the alkaloid Huperzine A, capable of inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme ligand binding pocket (AChE_LBP) for the management of Alzheimer’s disease. The X-ray crystallographic model of the Torpedo Californica AChE complexed to Huperzine A was identified from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID 1VOT). Molecular visualisation...
The interaction between the gall wasp Leptocybe invasa and Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves: A study of phyto-volatile metabolites
April 2016
A comparative study of the volatile terpene fraction isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis attacked by the gall wasp (Leptocybe invasa) and from the healthy leaves of the plant was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 59 components representing 89.13 and 88.6%, respectively, of their total volatile fraction contents were analyzed. Of these volatiles, 26 compounds with...
Study of chemical composition of Foeniculum vulgare using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry
March 2016
Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural compounds with biological activities and therefore attract the attention of researchers worldwide. The objective of this research was to determine the chemical composition of seeds extract from methanol. The phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Fifty six bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the...
Phytochemical screening of methanolic dried galls extract of Quercus infectoria using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR)
March 2016
The main objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition from the dried galls of Quercus infectoria, using methanolic extraction and report the main functional components by using infrared (IR) technique. The phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Twelve bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Q. infectoria....
Determination of metabolites products by Cassia angustifolia and evaluate antimicobial activity
February 2016
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Forty four bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic leaves extract of Cassia angustifolia. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of C. angustifolia revealed the existence...
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