Microscopical and physicochemical studies of Indigofera barberi (Fabaceae) stem
August 2013
The present study mainly focuses on the establishment of pharmacognostical standards ofIndigofera barberi stem. I. barberi is a small diaceous shrub which belongs to the family Fabaceae and is distributed in India. The whole plant is medicinally reported or claimed to cure several diseases in traditional system of medicine folklore in particularl. This study aimed for the pharmacognostic study of the stem has...
Evaluation of retinoblastoma (Rb) and protein-53 (p53) gene expression levels in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) induced with some selected cytotoxic plants
July 2013
Many Nigerian plants have been hypothesized to have anticancer potentials. However, not many of them have been subjected to acceptable scientific evaluation for their potential anticancer effects. In this study, six of such plants were selected to evaluate the effects of their crude, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, detanninfied and tannin fractions for brine shrimp lethality assay and the most cytotoxic fractions of...
Pharmacognostic and hypoglycemic studies of Achyranthus aspera L.
July 2013
In the present study, the ethanolic extract of Achyranthus aspera L. Leaves (EEA) were investigated for their pharmacognostic characteristics and hypoglycemic effects. The pharmacognosy of the plant was carried out using microscopic and macroscopic tools. Macroscopic studies revealed that the leaves were cauline, ramel, opposite, exstipulate, simple, sub-sessile, ovate, entire, acute, unicostate, reticulate,...
Nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration increase induced by 6,8-dihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavone in rat aorta
July 2013
In this study, we attempted to evaluate the role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in the vasorelaxant response induced by 6,8-Dihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavone (DMF) in isolated rat aorta rings by using functional and biochemical approaches. Thoracic aortic rings were isolated and suspended in organ baths, and the effects of DMF were studied by means of isometric tension recording...
In silico docking analysis of constituents of Zingiber officinale as antidepressant
June 2013
Depression is among the leading causes of disability worldwide and its global burden seems to further increase in the future. In the present study, in silico approach was used to assess the use of constituents of Zingiber officinale as potential agents that could act as antidepressant agents. Docking studies of Gingerol and Shogoal were carried out using Argus lab 4.0.1. Analysis of the results of...
Evaluation of analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract of traditional herbal medicine using rodents
June 2013
The analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract of botanical medicine prepared by taking equal amounts of dried stems of Tinospora cordifolia Willd, fruits of Emblica officinalis Gaertn and rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Linn were evaluated using standard methods. These botanicals have been traditionally used in Indian system of medicine for treatment of fever,...
Endocrinological and metabolic effects of a polyherbal decoction of five Nigerian folkloric herbs on haloperidol induced hyperprolactinemia
June 2013
Hyperprolactinemia is a major cause of infertility, and herbal remedies have been employed locally for treatment. This study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of a poly herbal mixture consisting of Bambusa vulgaris, Momordica charantia, Rauwolfia vomitoria, Ficus sur, and Clerodendrum capitatum on the reproductive hormones and metabolic parameters of haloperidol-induced...
Acetyl and buteryl cholinesterase inhibitory effect of Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC) Backer ex K. Heyne (family Leguminosae)
May 2013
Peltophorum pterocarpum, family Leguminosae is a tree natural to tropical South-Eastern Asia and was brought to Nigeria by immigrants. It has been used traditionally by the South Western people of the country as memory enhancer and anti-ageing. The present study was done to assess the cholinesterase inhibitory activity of the extracts and fractions of P. pterocarpum using spectrophotometric and thin layer...
Chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni) cultivated in Egypt
May 2013
A comparative study of the essential oils isolated from the leaf and fruit peel of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni) was carried out using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and GLC/mass analysis (MS). Over 140 components were observed in GLC/MS, of which 123 could be identified. 112 compounds were quantitatively analyzed in the leaf oil with linalool as a major component. The total identified components in the fruit peel...
Biochemical effects of leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium and selenium supplementation in alloxan induced diabetic rats
May 2013
This study evaluated the effect of selenium and extracts of Gongronema latifolium on some biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty male albino rats equally divided into eight experimental groups were used. Two groups served as normal and diabetic control and received placebo treatment. Four diabetic test groups were treated with G. latifolium extract, glibenclamide, combination...
Systematic pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological review on an ethno medicinal plant, Basella alba L.
April 2013
The ethno medicinal plant Basella alba belongs to the family Basellaceae, and commonly known as malabar spinach, indian spinach, ceylon spinach and vine spinach. Although it has been reported in ancient systems of medicine, it did not gain much importance and has always remained controversial. It has been found to be a good source of calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C. In the Indian system of medicine, the...
Pharmacognostic, larvicidal and phytotoxic profile of Coleus forskohlii and Rosmarinus officinalis
April 2013
This study was performed to conduct the pharmacognostic study of Coleus forskohlii Linn. and Rosmarinus officinalis and find larvicidal and phytotoxic effects of these plants. The pharmacognostic parameters for both plants were set out using macroscopic and microscopic methods and the larvicidal and phytotoxic potential was determined using recommended methods. Various pharmacognostic parameters such...
Antimicrobial efficacy of neutral super-oxidized electrolyzed gel versus chlorhexidine digluconate 0.12% in biofilm formation on orthodontic mini-implants: An in vitro study
April 2013
The objective of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy and cytotoxicity in fibroblasts of neutral super-oxidized electrolyzed gel and chlorhexidine digluconate. Cultures were prepared with Streptococcus intermedius, Porphyromonas gingivalis and a mixture of both. Thirty sterile orthodontic mini-implants were impregnated with neutral super-oxidized electrolyzed gel and...
Effect of Hippocratea africana root bark extract on some biochemical indices of male and female albino Wistar rats
April 2013
The benefits of medicinal plants may not be without some biochemical impediments. Anti-plasmodial activity of Hippocratea africana has been studied; its effects on some biochemical parameters were examined in rats in this study. It was observed that in the female test groups, there was no significant (p > 0.05) changes in urea concentration but there was significant (p < 0.05) increase in glucose...
Chemical composition of the methanolic leaf and stem bark extracts of Senna siamea Lam.
April 2013
The study was conducted to evaluate some chemical constituents of the leaf and stem bark of Senna siamea. Standard methods were used in all the analysis. Preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, anthraquinones, saponins, and glycosides. Quantitative study of some phytoconstituents showed a significant difference of (p < 0.05) between the leaf contents and...
An overview on Hypericum species of Turkey
March 2013
The genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae) is represented by nearly 100 taxa grouped under 19 sections in Turkey. Among them, 45 species are endemic. All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's wort in the world. The genus is known as “sari kantaron, kantaron, binbirdelik otu, mayasil otu” and most of them, especially H. perforatum, have been used for the treatment of...
Phenolic content, radical scavenging activity and cytotoxicity of Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) bunge growing in Egypt
March 2013
The radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and cytotoxicity using sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay of the aqueous methanolic extract ofTamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge (Tamaricaceae) flowers and its subextracts (CHCl3, EtOAC and Pet.ether) were evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated using colorimetric assays. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) showed the highest free...
Plant tissue culture of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni): A review
February 2013
Plant tissue culture is a technique used for in vitro regeneration of plants. It relies on maintaining plant cells in aseptic conditions on a suitable nutrient medium. The culture can be sustained as a mass of undifferentiated cells for an extended period of time or regenerated into whole plants. Plant tissue culture techniques are also central to innovative areas of applied plant science, including plant...
Investigative study on the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting properties of the terpenoid extract of Crataegus monogyna using in silico models
February 2013
Crataegus monogyna is mainly used in the treatment of cardiac and circulatory system disorders. In vitro and clinical studies are indicative of the fact that the hydroethanolic extract of C. monogyna has angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. This study sought to support these claims through the use of in silico modelling techniques. Possible binding conformations for...
Chemical composition and antinociceptive activity of California sagebrush (Artemisia californica)
January 2013
Artemisia californica, California sagebrush, has been reported to have pain relieving activity and is a traditional medicine of the Chumash Indians of California. Pain relieving activity of a traditional sagebrush preparation was examined in patients suffering from arthritis and other pain. The preparation was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid...
Traditional treatment of high blood pressure and diabetes in Souk Ahras District
January 2013
This study reports an ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension in six divisions of Souk Ahras District in Algeria. A total of 200 informants, including some healers, were interviewed throughout different divisions of the district. These ethnobotanical investigations allowed the development of an inventory of 59 medicinal plants belonging to 35 families; 28 of the...
The quantitation of hydroxymethylfurfural in Australian Leptospermum honeys
January 2013
This research extends the rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of O-(2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA) derivatives of methylglyoxal and dihydroxyacetone in Australian Leptospermum (L.) honeys to quantify hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content. Results showed that among the studied honeys stored at 4°C, all six L. polygalifolium and...
Petiveria alliacea: New alternative for the treatment of sensitive and multi-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
December 2012
The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of Petiviera alliacea extracts against drug-sensitive and resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. P. alliaceawas extracted with ethanol using the maceration method. The proportional method was used to test the anti-mycobacterial activity in ethanol extract against drug-sensitive and resistant...
Antioxidant activity of the essential oil from the flowers of Lavandula stoechas
December 2012
This study was aimed at determining the chemical constituents and evaluating the antioxidant activity of essential oil of dry flowers’ of lavender (Lavandula stoechas). Extraction of essential oil was carried out by water distillation. The essential oils yield based on dry weight was 3.41% (v/w). The gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID) technique was used and identification of...
Anti-diabetic activity of Ocimum sanctum L. roots and isolation of new phytoconstituents using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
October 2012
In view of alleged antidiabetic potential, effect of methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctumL. (Lamiaceae) roots on fasting blood sugar levels and serum biochemical analysis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated. The resulted extract had shown significant protection and lowered the blood glucose levels to normal in glucose tolerance test. In long term treatment of streptozotocin-induced...
Anxiolytic effect of Ferula assafoetida L. in rodents
October 2012
Ferula assafoetida 'asafoetida' solution (FAS) has been used in Arab traditional medicine as an intestinal antiseptic, carminative and variety of gastric ailments. It has also been used as a neuroprotective agent for the treatment of epilepsy and hysteria. However, the neuro-pharmacological studies on their gum-resin have not received due attention. The present study was undertaken to study the anxiolytic,...
Comparison of the effects of curcuminoid from Curcuma domestica Val. rhizome extract and diclofenac sodium on the liver function of patients with osteoarthritis
August 2012
Osteoarthritis is the most frequent joint disease worldwide. Patients with osteoarthritis mostly use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac sodium for reducing pain. Diclofenac sodium frequently disturbs the liver function. Curcuminoid has an anti-inflammatory activity and some references state that curcuminoid protects the liver function. The purpose of this study was to compare the...
Antioxidant and phytochemical profile of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola
August 2012
Garcinia kola is widely consumed habitually and used as traditional remedy for various diseases in Nigeria. However, information with respect to the effect of using different solvents of extraction on its antioxidant properties is scanty. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of different solvents on the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of G. kola. Phytochemicals...
Haematological and histopathological effects of oil from castor seeds (Ricinus communis Linn.) on albino-rats
July 2012
The effects of soxhlet extraction of oil from castor seeds (Ricinus communis Linn) using n-hexane as solvent on hematological and histopathological properties of albino rats was investigated using standard method. The haematological analysis of the animals’ blood showed that the extract caused a reduction in the packed cell volume (PCV) from 49.3 to 46.7%. Histopathological analysis of the organs of the...
Antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Adansonia digitata and Vitex doniana from Bénin pharmacopeia
July 2012
The dichloromethane, methanol and hydroethanolic extracts from leaves of Vitex donianaand stem bark of Adansonia digitata have been investigated for their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant activities and toxicity. The antifungal activity has been investigated against six species of Aspergillus by measuring the mycelial and sporulation inhibitions. The antimicrobial...
Anti-secretagogue and antiulcer effects of 'Cinnamon' Cinnamomum zeylanicum in rats
July 2012
The present study was carried out to evaluate the gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activities of 'Cinnamon' Cinnamomum zeylanicum in rats. The aqueous suspension of cinnamon (250 and 500 mg/kg) has been screened using pylorus ligation (Shay) rat model, necrotizing agents and indomethacin-induced ulceration in rats. Histopathological assessment was done on gastric tissue of rats. Gastric wall mucus...
Phytochemical and analgesic evaluation of Mondia whytei (hook.f) root
April 2012
Mondia whytei is a forest floor plant that belongs to Asclepidaceae family. The roots are widely used in African traditional medicine to treat various diseases and conditions that include pain, swelling, postpartum hemorrhage, diabetes mellitus among many other claims. Phytochemical tests were carried out to determine the different chemical constituents of the root skeels of M. whytei. Analgesic...
Studies on the effects of the methanol extract of Struchium sparganophora (L.) Ktze (Asteraceae) on the rat uterus
April 2012
Struchium sparganophora (L.) Ktze (Asteraceae) is one of the vegetables equally consumed for medicinal purposes in the South Western part of Nigeria where it is used to treat a range of infections. The ethnomedical claimed use of the plant as an abortifacient crude drug was investigated on diethylstilboestrol treated rats. The methanol extract and its aqueous, and chloroform fractions were tested at the...
Behavioural studies on the methanol leaf extract of Securinega virosa (Euphorbiaceae) in mice
March 2012
Securinega virosa is used traditionally in the West African region as sedative in children and in mental illnesses. In this study, the behavioural effects of the methanol leaf extract of S. virosa were investigated in mice at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, using diazepam-induced sleeping time, hole board and beam walking assay, all in mice. The results revealed that the extract at the highest dose tested...
Inbreeding and fertility in Egyptian clover, Trifolium alexandrinum
March 2012
Selection for manual tripping (MT) was effective in improving self-fertility (SF) in all populations and generations over original parents. Selection for MT was accompanied by improving fertility of open pollinated (OP) populations. Self-seed set (ST) was very poor. Some individual selections set seeds up to 88% in MT materials. The enigma of fertility, sterility and absence of inbreeding depressions in berseem was...
Phytopharmacological aspects of Salacia chinensis
January 2012
Salacia chinensis Linn. (Family Celastraceae) commonly known as Saptrangi and commonly used herb in Ayurvedic medicine. The present review is an attempt to compile information on pharmacological and phytochemical aspects of S. chinensis Linn. Its roots have biologically active compounds, such as triterpenes, phenolic compounds, glycosides and coloring agents which show various medicinal...
A convenient new analysis of dihydroxyacetone and methylglyoxal applied to Australian Leptospermum honeys
January 2012
New Zealand mÄnuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey is known to exhibit non-peroxide antibacterial activity caused by the active ingredient methylglyoxal which arises by chemical conversion of dihydroxyacetone during honey maturation. This study determines whether methylglyoxal and dihydroxyacetone are present in Australian Leptospermumhoneys. This research developed a rapid and sensitive high-performance...
Pharmacology and phytochemistry of Coccinia indica
December 2011
Coccinia indica (Bimba, kanduri, Cucurbitaceae) is famous for its hypoglycemic and antidiabetic properties in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Other applications include the therapy of various conditions such as skin diseases and gonorrhoea. The present review highlights the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Coccinia indica. There are many patented formulations derived from C. indica which are now...
4-(ethyl-p-chlorophenylglycinylamino)-7-chloroquinoline: Synthesis and in vivo antimalaria evaluation
December 2011
4-amino-7-chloroquinoline derivative was synthesized and characterized using both1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, with the application of correlation spectroscopy (COSY), nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and infra-red (IR)...
The beneficial effects of extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces in alloxan-diabetic rats: Reduction of free-radical load and enhancement of antioxidant status
November 2011
This study evaluates the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffacalyces on the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed marked antioxidant activity in oleic acid systems of ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid (TBA). They also exhibited 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH)...
Antiplasmodial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of crude Guiera senegalensis Gmel (Combretaceae) leaf extracts in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei
November 2011
Guiera senegalensis is acclaimed as a common herbal antipyretic and antimalarial among some tribal groups in northern Nigeria. Leaf extracts of the plant were thus tested for antiplasmodial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Results indicated the safe dose of extracts as 600 mg/kg body weight of mice with LD50 of 1100 mg/kg bw. Only the methanolic fraction had antiplasmodial effect...
Herbal treatments of glomerulonephritis and chronic renal failure: Review and recommendations for research
October 2011
Remissions of nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy (MN) induced byAstragalus membranaceus have drawn nephrologists attention to medicinal herbs as alternative treatments of glomerulonephritis. MN stands for a group of chronic glomerulonephritides that are routinely treated with corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs, although treatment responses are unsatisfactory and the toxic burden significant. The...
Possible anti-trypanosomal effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Mangifera indica on plasma proteins of Trypanosoma congolense-infected rats
October 2011
This study investigates the effects of leaves of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae),commonly known as mango, in attenuating immunopathogenic infections caused byTrypanosoma spp. The crude extract is used by local folk in Africa as an ethnomedical health management remedy for parasitic diseases, including its use in malaria and trypanosomiasis. In this study, 500 mg/kg concentration of mango leaf extract...
Mast cell stabilizing activity of Myrica nagi bark
September 2011
Myrica nagi Hook. (Myricaceae), commonly known as box berry (English), possesses diverse pharmacological activities in animals, little is known about its mast cell stabilizing activity. The present study evaluated the mast cell stabilizing activity of ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of bark of M. nagi using compound 48/80 and egg albumin induced allergy tests. Adult Wistar albino rats were...
Two new polyphenolic compounds from Ficus retusa L."variegata" and the biological activity of the different plant extracts
August 2011
The present ethnobotanical exploration documents phytotherapeutical practices in Mayurbhanj district of Orissa, eastern India. It is primarily based on field surveys and taxonomic identification of plants carried out in villages, where dwellers provided information on plant species used as medicine, parts used to prepare the remedies, and the illnesses to which the remedies were prescribed. One hundred and twelve plants...
Phytotherapy and traditional knowledge of tribal communities of Mayurbhanj district, Orissa, India
August 2011
The present ethnobotanical exploration documents phytotherapeutical practices in Mayurbhanj district of Orissa, eastern India. It is primarily based on field surveys and taxonomic identification of plants carried out in villages, where dwellers provided information on plant species used as medicine, parts used to prepare the remedies, and the illnesses to which the remedies were prescribed. One hundred and twelve plants...
A study of the inhibitory effects of Citrullus colocynthis (CCT) using hydro-alcoholic extract on the expression of cytokines: TNF-α and IL-6 in high fat diet-fed mice towards a cure for diabetes mellitus
July 2011
To promote the proper use of herbal medicine and to determine their potential as sources for new drugs, it is essential to study medicinal plants, which have a folkloristic reputation in a more intensified way. Citrullus colocynthis (CCT) is used in Iranian traditional medicine as a healing agent for reducing obesity-related diabetes troubles. We proposed that CCT may perform its effects through inhibition of...
Hepatoprotective action of Egyptian variety of Phyllanthus atropurpureus
July 2011
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Effect of a natural antioxidant fruit – tomatoes (Lycoperscion esculentium) as a potent nephro-protective agent in lead induced nephrotoxicity in rat
June 2011
The toxicity of lead (Pb) to the kidney amongst other organs is not in doubt, in that various devices and interventions, aimed at mitigating its toxic effect, have also been described. Effect of lycopene (the active constituent of tomatoes) as a natural antioxidant in modulating Pb toxicity and its attendant reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels inPb poisoned kidney tissue of Wister rats is the...
Exposure to smoke extract of Datura stramonium leaf: Some of its effects on the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and testes of male Sprague Dawley rats
June 2011
Smoking has been recognized as a significant contributor to mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate some of the toxic effects of smoke extract of Datura stramonium leaf on the heart, liver, kidneys and testes of male Sprague Dawley rats. A total of ten male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 100 and 120 g were used for this study. The animals were randomly assigned into two (2) groups; A and B....
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